WO2014107846A1 - 一种具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置 - Google Patents

一种具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014107846A1
WO2014107846A1 PCT/CN2013/070246 CN2013070246W WO2014107846A1 WO 2014107846 A1 WO2014107846 A1 WO 2014107846A1 CN 2013070246 W CN2013070246 W CN 2013070246W WO 2014107846 A1 WO2014107846 A1 WO 2014107846A1
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Prior art keywords
module
bridge module
control
resistor
diode
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PCT/CN2013/070246
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘祖贵
黄昌宾
亓玉青
何罗建
兰勇
贾吉武
Original Assignee
中国长城计算机深圳股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中国长城计算机深圳股份有限公司 filed Critical 中国长城计算机深圳股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2013/070246 priority Critical patent/WO2014107846A1/zh
Priority to CN201380003742.3A priority patent/CN105247773B/zh
Priority to US14/278,861 priority patent/US9172298B2/en
Publication of WO2014107846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014107846A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/125—Avoiding or suppressing excessive transient voltages or currents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/2195—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/0085—Partially controlled bridges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of power supply control, and in particular relates to a full control bridge type rectifier device with a surge suppression function.
  • a high-frequency switching power supply system it is generally required to first convert a commercial frequency alternating current into a direct current through a rectifying device and then transmit it to a subsequent stage circuit.
  • the most commonly used rectifying device is a bridge rectifier circuit. Since the rear-stage circuit usually contains a large-capacity filter capacitor, an anti-surge circuit must be added to the input line to avoid the instantaneous use of the filter capacitor during the startup process.
  • the most common anti-surge method is to connect a current limiting resistor (which is usually a negative temperature coefficient thermistor) in series with the input line.
  • a switching device which may be a relay or a semiconductor switch
  • the circuit labeled 100 in FIG. 1 is a bridge rectifier and surge control circuit provided by the prior art.
  • the AC power first passes through the fuse F1 in the power device, the EMI filter network 200, and then After the current limiting resistor Rt is limited (when the control switch 101 is turned off) and the rectifier bridge BD is rectified, the filter capacitor C is charged. After the power device enters the stable working state, the control switch 101 connected in parallel with the current limiting resistor Rt is closed. Turn on to eliminate the effect of the current limiting resistor Rt on the conversion efficiency.
  • the bridge rectifier and surge control circuit provided by the above prior art is rectified in series by two rectifier diodes during the half-cycle operation in the bridge rectification process, because the forward voltage drop of the rectifier diode is large (generally 1.2V or so), therefore, the power loss caused by bridge rectification accounts for a large proportion of the power consumption of the whole machine, which increases the power consumption of the whole circuit; in addition, the control switch in parallel with the current limiting resistor has a higher cost, if the control When the switch is a semiconductor switch, it will bring a large extra power loss. If it is a relay, its power loss is small and negligible, but because of its large size, it will cause the entire bridge rectification and surge. The increase in the size of the control circuit is not conducive to miniaturization of the circuit. Therefore, the bridge rectification and surge control circuit provided by the prior art has the problems of high power consumption, high cost, and large volume.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a full-control bridge rectifier device with surge suppression function, which aims to solve the problem of high power consumption, high cost and large volume of the bridge rectifier and surge control circuit provided by the prior art. problem.
  • the present invention is implemented in such a manner that a full-control bridge rectifier device with a surge suppression function is built in a power device, and is combined with an EMI filter network and an anti-surge control signal generator in the power device. a filter capacitor connection, wherein the anti-surge control signal generator is configured to output a corresponding anti-surge control signal according to an operating state of the powered device;
  • the full control bridge rectifier device includes:
  • a driving module a first controllable half bridge module, an isolated driving module, a second controllable half bridge module, a half bridge module and a current limiting resistor;
  • the input end of the driving module is connected to the DC power source, and the first control end and the second control end of the driving module are respectively connected to the negative output end and the positive output end of the EMI filter network, and the first control end of the first controllable half bridge module And the second control end is respectively connected to the first output end and the second output end of the driving module, and the output end of the first controllable half bridge module and the ground end of the driving module are connected to the filter capacitor a first input end of the first controllable half-bridge module and a first input end of the second controllable half-bridge module and a first input end of the half-bridge module are connected to the EMI filter network a positive input end, the second input end of the first controllable half bridge module is coupled to the second input end of the second controllable half bridge module and the second input end of the half bridge module a negative output end of the EMI filter network, an output end of the second controllable half bridge module is connected to a positive pole of the filter capacitor, and a control end, a first
  • the first controllable half-bridge module cooperates with the half-bridge module to perform rectification processing on the alternating current output from the EMI filter network under the control of the driving module.
  • the filter capacitor performs fast charging, the current limiting resistor simultaneously achieves surge suppression on the surge current in the alternating current, and the anti-surge control signal causes the isolated drive module to control the second controllable half bridge
  • the module is turned off; when the power device transitions from the startup state to the stable working state, the working state of the first controllable half bridge module remains unchanged, and the isolation driving module is in the anti-surge control signal Controlling driving the second controllable half bridge module to be turned on, wherein the second controllable half bridge module cooperates with the first controllable half bridge module to perform rectification processing on the alternating current output from the EMI filter network Providing direct current to the powered device, the half bridge module and the current limiting resistor are stopped due to conduction of the second controllable half bridge module.
  • the invention adopts full control with surge suppression function including a driving module, a first controllable half bridge module, an isolation driving module, a second controllable half bridge module, a half bridge module and a current limiting resistor in the electric equipment.
  • the bridge type rectifying device performs bridge rectification on the alternating current by the first controllable half bridge module and the half bridge module at the instant of starting the electric equipment to quickly charge the filter capacitor, and realizes the wave by the current limiting resistor Surge suppression, and the first controllable half bridge module and the second controllable half bridge module realize full control bridge rectification to provide power to the powered device when the power device starts to enter a stable working state.
  • the entire fully controlled bridge rectifier device has a simple structure, low cost and small volume, and also effectively reduces the power consumption of the whole machine, thereby solving the existing bridge rectifier and surge control circuit provided by the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a bridge rectifier and surge control circuit provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a full bridge rectifier device with a surge suppression function according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a full-controlled bridge rectifier device with a surge suppression function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a full control with surge suppression function including a driving module, a first controllable half bridge module, an isolated driving module, a second controllable half bridge module, a half bridge module and a current limiting resistor is adopted.
  • the bridge type rectifying device performs bridge rectification on the alternating current by the first controllable half bridge module and the half bridge module at the instant of starting the electric equipment to quickly charge the filter capacitor, and the surge suppression is realized by the current limiting resistor, and is used
  • the first controllable half bridge module and the second controllable half bridge module realize full control bridge rectification for the alternating current to provide direct current to the powered equipment, and the whole full control bridge rectifier device
  • the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the volume is small, and the power consumption of the whole machine is also effectively reduced.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a module structure of a full-control bridge rectifier device with a surge suppression function according to an embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown, which are described in detail as follows:
  • the full-controlled bridge rectifier device 100 with surge suppression function is built in the electric equipment, and is connected with the EMI filter network 200, the anti-surge control signal generator 300 and the filter capacitor C in the electric equipment, and the anti-surge control
  • the signal generator 300 is configured to output a corresponding anti-surge control signal according to the operating state of the powered device.
  • the fully controlled bridge rectifier device 100 includes:
  • the driving module 101 The driving module 101, the first controllable half-bridge module 102, the isolated driving module 103, the second controllable half-bridge module 104, the half-bridge module 105, and the current limiting resistor R.
  • the input end of the driving module 101 is connected to the DC power source VCC, and the first control end and the second control end of the driving module 101 are respectively connected to the negative output end and the positive output end of the EMI filter network 200, and the first control of the first controllable half bridge module 102
  • the first output end and the second output end of the driving module 101 are respectively connected to the ground end of the first controllable half-bridge module 102, and the ground end of the driving module 101 is connected to the negative pole of the filter capacitor C
  • the first input end of the controllable half-bridge module 102 and the first input end of the second controllable half-bridge module 104 and the first input end of the half-bridge module 105 are connected to the positive output end of the EMI filter network 200
  • first The second input end of the controllable half-bridge module 102 and the second input end of the second controllable half-bridge module 104 and the second input end of the half-bridge module 105 are connected to the negative output end of the EMI filter network 200, and the second The output
  • Terminal and negative output, isolated drive mode A control terminal connected to the second output terminal 103 of the controllable half-bridge module 104, the current limiting resistor R connected between the output terminal of the half-bridge module 105 and the second module 104 controlled half-bridge output terminal.
  • the first controllable half-bridge module 102 cooperates with the half-bridge module 105 under the control of the driving module 101 to rectify the alternating current output from the EMI filter network 200, and then quickly charge the filter capacitor C.
  • the current limiting resistor R simultaneously achieves surge suppression on the surge current in the alternating current, and the anti-surge control signal causes the isolated driving module 103 to control the second controllable half bridge module 104 to be turned off;
  • the isolated driving module 103 drives the second controllable half-bridge module 104 to be turned on under the control of the anti-surge control signal.
  • the second controllable half-bridge module 104 cooperates with the first controllable half-bridge module 102 to rectify the alternating current output from the EMI filter network 200 to provide direct current to the powered device, and the half-bridge module 105 and the current limiting resistor R The second controllable half bridge module 104 is turned on and stops working.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example circuit structure of a full-control bridge rectifier device with a surge suppression function according to an embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown, which are described in detail as follows:
  • the driving module 101 includes:
  • the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2 are respectively a first control end and a second control end of the driving module 101, and a common junction of the first end of the resistor R1 and the first end of the resistor R4 is an input end of the driving module 101, and the resistor The second end of the R1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1 and the first end of the capacitor C1 to the first end of the resistor R2, and the common end of the second end of the resistor R2 and the first end of the resistor R3 is the first of the driving module 101.
  • the output end, the second end of the resistor R4 is connected to the anode of the diode D2 and the first end of the capacitor C2 to the first end of the resistor R5, and the common end of the second end of the resistor R5 and the first end of the resistor R6 is a driving module.
  • the second output end of the capacitor, the second end of the capacitor C1 and the second end of the resistor R3, the second end of the capacitor C2 and the second end of the resistor R6 are the ground terminals of the driving module 101.
  • the driving module 101 may also be an IC with signal receiving, processing, and transmitting capabilities (Integrated Circuit, integrated circuit) or MCU (Micro Control Unit, micro control unit), the research and development personnel can choose according to the specific needs; for example, if the power equipment itself is equipped with an MCU, the MCU can be used as the driving module 101. If there is no MCU or IC, the above diode can be used.
  • the driving module 101 composed of D1, the resistor R1, the resistor R2, the capacitor C1, the resistor R3, the diode D2, the resistor R4, the resistor R5, the capacitor C2 and the resistor R6 implements natural interactive control of the first controllable half bridge module 102.
  • the first controllable half-bridge module 102 includes an NMOS transistor Q1 and an NMOS transistor Q2.
  • the gate of the NMOS transistor Q1 and the gate of the NMOS transistor Q2 are respectively the first controllable half-bridge module 102.
  • a control terminal and a second control terminal, the drain of the NMOS transistor Q1 and the drain of the NMOS transistor Q2 are the first input end and the second input end of the first controllable half bridge module 102, respectively, and the source of the NMOS transistor Q1
  • the common junction of the source of the NMOS transistor Q2 is the output of the first controllable half bridge module 102.
  • the NMOS transistor Q1 and the NMOS transistor Q2 can be replaced with a PMOS transistor and an IGBT (Insulated). Gate Bipolar Transistor, insulated gate bipolar thyristor or other semiconductor switching device with switching characteristics.
  • the isolation driving module 103 includes:
  • the anode of the LED of the optocoupler U1 is the control end of the isolation driving module 103, the cathode of the LED of the optocoupler U1 is grounded, and the anode of the diode D3 and the anode of the diode D4 are the first input and the second of the isolation driving module 103, respectively.
  • the cathode of the diode D3 and the cathode of the diode D4 are commonly connected to the anode of the photodiode of the optocoupler U1
  • the cathode of the photodiode of the optocoupler U1 is the output end of the isolation driving module 103.
  • the second controllable half-bridge module 104 includes a thyristor Q3 and a thyristor Q4.
  • the anode of the thyristor Q3 and the anode of the thyristor Q4 are respectively the second controllable half-bridge module 104.
  • the first input end and the second input end, the common junction of the cathode of the thyristor Q3 and the cathode of the thyristor Q4 is the output end of the second controllable half bridge module 104, and the control pole and controllable of the thyristor Q3
  • the common junction of the gates of silicon Q4 is the control terminal of the second controllable half-bridge module 104.
  • the half bridge module 105 includes a diode D5 and a diode D6.
  • the anode of the diode D5 and the anode of the diode D6 are respectively a first input terminal and a second input terminal of the half bridge module 105, and a cathode of the diode D5 and The common junction of the cathode of diode D6 is the output of half bridge module 105.
  • the driving module 101 controls the NMOS transistor Q1 and the NMOS transistor Q2 to alternately turn on and off according to the alternating current AC outputted by the EMI filter network 200, so that the NMOS transistor Q1, the NMOS transistor Q2, the diode D5 and the diode D6 form a rectifier bridge circuit.
  • the filter capacitor C is rapidly charged, and the current limiting resistor R performs surge suppression processing on the surge current in the alternating current ac, thereby ensuring the full control bridge rectifier device 100.
  • the filter capacitor C and other devices are not damaged by the impact of the inrush current.
  • the anti-surge control signal generator 300 outputs a low level as an anti-surge control signal to turn off the optocoupler U1 to control the thyristor. Q3 and thyristor Q4 are turned off.
  • the anti-surge control signal generator 300 When the electric device enters a stable working state (ie, the two-pole voltage of the filter capacitor C reaches the operating voltage of the electric device), the anti-surge control signal generator 300 outputs a high level as an anti-surge control signal to turn on the optocoupler U1.
  • the thyristor Q3 and the thyristor Q4 are controlled to be turned on.
  • the NMOS transistor Q1, the NMOS transistor Q2, the thyristor Q3, and the thyristor Q4 form an alternating current ac output from the rectifier bridge circuit to the EMI filter network 200. After the rectification process, DC power DC is provided for the electrical equipment.
  • the rectifier bridge circuit is formed by the diode D5 and the diode D6 and the NMOS transistor Q1 and the NMOS transistor Q2 to achieve the rectification effect, and the diode D5 and the diode D6 are
  • the current limiting resistor R is connected, and the current limiting resistor R acts to suppress the inrush current. Therefore, in practical applications, the diode D5 and the diode D6 can be selected to have a small on-state current and a certain surge withstand capability.
  • Diodes such as the 1N5406 or S3M diodes, are inexpensive and compact, much smaller than the cost and size of relays and other power semiconductor switching devices.
  • a full control with surge suppression function including a driving module, a first controllable half bridge module, an isolated driving module, a second controllable half bridge module, a half bridge module and a current limiting resistor is adopted.
  • the bridge type rectifying device performs bridge rectification on the alternating current by the first controllable half bridge module and the half bridge module at the instant of starting the electric equipment to quickly charge the filter capacitor, and the surge suppression is realized by the current limiting resistor, and is used
  • the first controllable half bridge module and the second controllable half bridge module realize full control bridge rectification for the alternating current to provide direct current to the powered equipment, and the whole full control bridge rectifier device
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and small volume, and effectively reduces the power consumption of the whole machine, thereby solving the power consumption, high cost and large volume of the bridge rectifier and surge control circuit provided by the prior art. problem.

Abstract

一种具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置，内置于用电设备中，包括：驱动模块（101）、第一可控半桥模块（102）、隔离驱动模块（103）、第二可控半桥模块（104）、半桥模块（105）及限流电阻（R）。在用电设备启动瞬间，由第一可控半桥模块和半桥模块对交流电进行桥式整流，以对滤波电容进行快速充电，并由限流电阻实现浪涌抑制；而在用电设备启动后进入稳定工作状态时，由第一可控半桥模块和第二可控半桥模块对交流电实现全控桥式整流，为用电设备提供直流电。整个全控桥式整流装置结构简单、成本低且体积小，同时还有效降低了整机功耗。

Description

一种具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置 技术领域
本发明属于供电控制领域，尤其涉及一种具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置。
 背景技术
目前，在高频开关电源系统中一般需要先把工频交流电通过整流装置转换为直流电再传送给后级电路。最常用的整流装置为桥式整流电路，由于后级电路通常包含一个大容量的滤波电容，因此，输入线路中必须增加防浪涌电路以避免用电设备在启动过程中因对滤波电容瞬间快速充电造成浪涌电流而导致整流装置、滤波电容或其他器件发生损坏，对此，最简单的防浪涌方法就是在输入线路中串联一个限流电阻（其一般为负温度系数的热敏电阻），为避免该限流电阻对转换效率的影响，通常还在限流电阻两端并联一个开关装置（其可以是继电器或半导体开关）。
图1中标号为100的电路即为现有技术所提供的桥式整流与浪涌控制电路，在用电设备启动瞬间，交流电先经过用电设备内的熔断器F1，EMI滤波网络200，然后经过限流电阻Rt限流（此时控制开关101断开）和整流桥BD整流处理后为滤波电容C充电，在用电设备进入稳定工作状态后，与限流电阻Rt并联的控制开关101闭合导通以消除限流电阻Rt对转换效率的影响。
上述现有技术所提供的桥式整流与浪涌控制电路在进行桥式整流过程中是在每半周工作时均通过两个整流二极管串联整流，由于整流二极管的正向压降较大（一般为1.2V左右），因此桥式整流所带来的功率损耗占整机功耗的比例较大，增大了整个电路的功耗；另外，与限流电阻并联的控制开关成本较高，如果控制开关是半导体开关时还会带来较大的额外功率损耗，而如果其是继电器，则虽然其功率损耗较小且可以忽略不计，但因其体积大，会进而造成整个桥式整流与浪涌控制电路的体积增大，不利于电路的小型化。因此，现有技术所提供的桥式整流与浪涌控制电路存在功耗大、成本高且体积大的问题。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置，旨在解决现有技术提供的桥式整流与浪涌控制电路所存在的功耗大、成本高且体积大的问题。
 技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的，一种具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置，内置于用电设备中，且与所述用电设备中的EMI滤波网络、防浪涌控制信号发生器及滤波电容连接，所述防浪涌控制信号发生器用于根据所述用电设备的工作状态输出相应的防浪涌控制信号；所述全控桥式整流装置包括：
驱动模块、第一可控半桥模块、隔离驱动模块、第二可控半桥模块、半桥模块及限流电阻；
驱动模块的输入端连接直流电源，驱动模块的第一控制端和第二控制端分别连接所述EMI滤波网络的负输出端和正输出端，所述第一可控半桥模块的第一控制端和第二控制端分别连接所述驱动模块的第一输出端和第二输出端，所述第一可控半桥模块的输出端与所述驱动模块的接地端共接于所述滤波电容的负极，所述第一可控半桥模块的第一输入端与所述第二可控半桥模块的第一输入端及所述半桥模块的第一输入端共接于所述EMI滤波网络的正输出端，所述第一可控半桥模块的第二输入端与所述第二可控半桥模块的第二输入端及所述半桥模块的第二输入端共接于所述EMI滤波网络的负输出端，所述第二可控半桥模块的输出端连接所述滤波电容的正极，所述隔离驱动模块的控制端、第一输入端和第二输入端分别连接所述防浪涌控制信号发生器、所述EMI滤波网络的正输出端和负输出端，所述隔离驱动模块的输出端连接所述第二可控半桥模块的控制端，所述限流电阻连接于所述半桥模块的输出端与所述第二可控半桥模块的输出端之间；
在所述用电设备启动瞬间，所述第一可控半桥模块在所述驱动模块的控制下与所述半桥模块相配合对从所述EMI滤波网络输出的交流电进行整流处理后对所述滤波电容进行快速充电，所述限流电阻同时对所述交流电中的浪涌电流实现浪涌抑制，且所述防浪涌控制信号使所述隔离驱动模块控制所述第二可控半桥模块关断；在所述用电设备从启动状态过渡至稳定工作状态时，所述第一可控半桥模块的工作状态维持不变，所述隔离驱动模块在所述防浪涌控制信号的控制下驱动所述第二可控半桥模块导通，所述第二可控半桥模块与所述第一可控半桥模块相配合对从所述EMI滤波网络输出的交流电进行整流处理后为所述用电设备提供直流电，所述半桥模块与所述限流电阻因所述第二可控半桥模块导通而停止工作。
 有益效果
本发明通过在用电设备中采用包括驱动模块、第一可控半桥模块、隔离驱动模块、第二可控半桥模块、半桥模块及限流电阻的具有浪涌抑制功能的全控控桥式整流装置，在用电设备启动瞬间由所述第一可控半桥模块和所述半桥模块对交流电进行桥式整流以对滤波电容进行快速充电，并由所述限流电阻实现浪涌抑制，而在用电设备启动后进入稳定工作状态时由所述第一可控半桥模块和所述第二可控半桥模块对交流电实现全控桥式整流为所述用电设备提供直流电，整个全控控桥式整流装置的结构简单、成本低且体积小，同时还有效地降低了整机功耗，从而解决了现有技术提供的桥式整流与浪涌控制电路所存在的功耗大、成本高且体积大的问题。
 附图说明
图1是现有技术所提供的桥式整流与浪涌控制电路的结构图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的具有浪涌抑制功能的全桥式整流装置的模块结构图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置的示例电路结构图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例用电设备中采用包括驱动模块、第一可控半桥模块、隔离驱动模块、第二可控半桥模块、半桥模块及限流电阻的具有浪涌抑制功能的全控控桥式整流装置，在用电设备启动瞬间由第一可控半桥模块和半桥模块对交流电进行桥式整流以对滤波电容进行快速充电，并由限流电阻实现浪涌抑制，而在用电设备启动后进入稳定工作状态时由第一可控半桥模块和第二可控半桥模块对交流电实现全控桥式整流为所述用电设备提供直流电，整个全控控桥式整流装置的结构简单、成本低且体积小，同时还有效地降低了整机功耗。
图2示出了本发明实施例提供的具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置的模块结构，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本发明相关的部分，详述如下：
具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置100内置于用电设备中，且与用电设备中的EMI滤波网络200、防浪涌控制信号发生器300及滤波电容C连接，防浪涌控制信号发生器300用于根据用电设备的工作状态输出相应的防浪涌控制信号。
全控桥式整流装置100包括：
驱动模块101、第一可控半桥模块102、隔离驱动模块103、第二可控半桥模块104、半桥模块105及限流电阻R。
驱动模块101的输入端连接直流电源VCC，驱动模块101的第一控制端和第二控制端分别连接EMI滤波网络200的负输出端和正输出端，第一可控半桥模块102的第一控制端和第二控制端分别连接驱动模块101的第一输出端和第二输出端，第一可控半桥模块102的输出端与驱动模块101的接地端共接于滤波电容C的负极，第一可控半桥模块102的第一输入端与第二可控半桥模块104的第一输入端及半桥模块105的第一输入端共接于EMI滤波网络200的正输出端，第一可控半桥模块102的第二输入端与第二可控半桥模块104的第二输入端及半桥模块105的第二输入端共接于EMI滤波网络200的负输出端，第二可控半桥模块104的输出端连接滤波电容C的正极，隔离驱动模块103的控制端、第一输入端和第二输入端分别连接防浪涌控制信号发生器300、EMI滤波网络200的正输出端和负输出端，隔离驱动模块103的输出端连接第二可控半桥模块104的控制端，限流电阻R连接于半桥模块105的输出端与第二可控半桥模块104的输出端之间.
在用电设备启动瞬间，第一可控半桥模块102在驱动模块101的控制下与半桥模块105相配合对从EMI滤波网络200输出的交流电进行整流处理后对滤波电容C进行快速充电，限流电阻R同时对所述交流电中的浪涌电流实现浪涌抑制，且所述防浪涌控制信号使隔离驱动模块103控制第二可控半桥模块104关断；在用电设备从启动状态过渡至稳定工作状态时，第一可控半桥模块102的工作状态维持不变，隔离驱动模块103在所述防浪涌控制信号的控制下驱动第二可控半桥模块104导通，第二可控半桥模块104与第一可控半桥模块102相配合对从EMI滤波网络200输出的交流电进行整流处理后为用电设备提供直流电，半桥模块105与限流电阻R因第二可控半桥模块104导通而停止工作。
图3示出了本发明实施例提供的具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置的示例电路结构，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本发明相关的部分，详述如下：
作为本发明一优选实施例，驱动模块101包括：
二极管D1、电阻R1、电阻R2、电容C1、电阻R3、二极管D2、电阻R4、电阻R5、电容C2及电阻R6；
二极管D1的阴极与二极管D2的阴极分别为驱动模块101的第一控制端和第二控制端，电阻R1的第一端与电阻R4的第一端的共接点为驱动模块101的输入端，电阻R1的第二端与二极管D1的阳极以及电容C1的第一端共接于电阻R2的第一端，电阻R2的第二端与电阻R3的第一端的共接点为驱动模块101的第一输出端，电阻R4的第二端与二极管D2的阳极以及电容C2的第一端共接于电阻R5的第一端，电阻R5的第二端与电阻R6的第一端的共接点为驱动模块101的第二输出端，电容C1的第二端与电阻R3的第二端、电容C2的第二端及电阻R6的第二端的共接点为驱动模块101的接地端。在本发明其他实施例中，驱动模块101还可以是具备信号接收、处理及发送能力的IC（Integrated Circuit，集成电路）或MCU（Micro Control Unit，微控制单元），研发人员可根据具体需要进行择一选用；例如，用电设备本身配备有MCU，则可以利用该MCU作为驱动模块101，如果没有MCU或IC，则可以采用上述由二极管D1、电阻R1、电阻R2、电容C1、电阻R3、二极管D2、电阻R4、电阻R5、电容C2及电阻R6所构成的驱动模块101对第一可控半桥模块102实现自然交互控制。
作为本发明一优选实施例，第一可控半桥模块102包括NMOS管Q1和NMOS管Q2，NMOS管Q1的栅极与NMOS管Q2的栅极分别为第一可控半桥模块102的第一控制端和第二控制端，NMOS管Q1的漏极与NMOS管Q2的漏极分别为第一可控半桥模块102的第一输入端和第二输入端，NMOS管Q1的源极与NMOS管Q2的源极的共接点为第一可控半桥模块102的输出端。在本发明其他实施例中，NMOS管Q1和NMOS管Q2均可替换为PMOS管、IGBT（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，绝缘栅双极型晶闸管）或其他具备开关特性的半导体开关器件。
作为本发明一优选实施例，隔离驱动模块103包括：
光耦U1、二极管D3和二极管D4；
光耦U1的发光二极管的阳极为隔离驱动模块103的控制端，光耦U1的发光二极管的阴极接地，二极管D3的阳极与二极管D4的阳极分别为隔离驱动模块103的第一输入端和第二输入端，二极管D3的阴极与二极管D4的阴极共接于光耦U1的光敏二极管的阳极，光耦U1的光敏二极管的阴极为隔离驱动模块103的输出端。
作为本发明一优选实施例，第二可控半桥模块104包括可控硅Q3和可控硅Q4，可控硅Q3的阳极与可控硅Q4的阳极分别为第二可控半桥模块104的第一输入端和第二输入端，可控硅Q3的阴极与可控硅Q4的阴极的共接点为第二可控半桥模块104的输出端，可控硅Q3的控制极与可控硅Q4的控制极的共接点为第二可控半桥模块104的控制端。
作为本发明一优选实施例，半桥模块105包括二极管D5和二极管D6，二极管D5的阳极与二极管D6的阳极分别为半桥模块105的第一输入端和第二输入端，二极管D5的阴极与二极管D6的阴极的共接点为半桥模块105的输出端。
以下结合工作原理对上述的全控桥式整流装置100作进一步说明：
在用电设备启动瞬间，驱动模块101根据EMI滤波网络200所输出的交流电AC控制NMOS管Q1和NMOS管Q2交替通断，使NMOS管Q1、NMOS管Q2、二极管D5及二极管D6组成整流桥电路对EMI滤波网络200输出的交流电ac进行整流处理后对滤波电容C进行快速充电，同时，限流电阻R对交流电ac中的浪涌电流进行浪涌抑制处理，从而保证全控桥式整流装置100、滤波电容C以及其他器件不受浪涌电流的冲击而损坏，在此过程中，防浪涌控制信号发生器300输出低电平作为防浪涌控制信号使光耦U1截止以控制可控硅Q3和可控硅Q4关断。
在用电设备进入稳定工作状态（即滤波电容C的两极电压达到用电设备的工作电压）时，防浪涌控制信号发生器300输出高电平作为防浪涌控制信号使光耦U1导通以控制可控硅Q3和可控硅Q4随之导通，此时，由NMOS管Q1、NMOS管Q2、可控硅Q3及可控硅Q4构成整流桥电路对EMI滤波网络200输出的交流电ac进行整流处理后为用电设备提供直流电DC。
在上述工作原理中，由于可控硅Q3和可控硅Q4导通时的通态压降一般会低于二极管的正向压降，会使整个全控桥式整流装置100的转换效率比现有的桥式整流器高，且功耗也会相应的降低。
由于在用电设备启动瞬间，二极管D5和二极管D6才会导通，并由二极管D5和二极管D6与NMOS管Q1和NMOS管Q2组成整流桥电路以达到整流效果，且二极管D5和二极管D6是与限流电阻R连接的，而限流电阻R在此又是起到抑制浪涌电流的作用，所以在实际应用中，二极管D5和二极管D6可以选用通态电流较小且有一定浪涌承受能力的二极管，如型号为1N5406或S3M的二极管，其成本低廉，体积小巧，远小于继电器及其他功率半导体开关器件的成本和体积。
本发明实施例用电设备中采用包括驱动模块、第一可控半桥模块、隔离驱动模块、第二可控半桥模块、半桥模块及限流电阻的具有浪涌抑制功能的全控控桥式整流装置，在用电设备启动瞬间由第一可控半桥模块和半桥模块对交流电进行桥式整流以对滤波电容进行快速充电，并由限流电阻实现浪涌抑制，而在用电设备启动后进入稳定工作状态时由第一可控半桥模块和第二可控半桥模块对交流电实现全控桥式整流为所述用电设备提供直流电，整个全控控桥式整流装置的结构简单、成本低且体积小，同时还有效地降低了整机功耗，从而解决了现有技术提供的桥式整流与浪涌控制电路所存在的功耗大、成本高且体积大的问题。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种具有浪涌抑制功能的全控桥式整流装置，内置于用电设备中，且与所述用电设备中的EMI滤波网络、防浪涌控制信号发生器及滤波电容连接，所述防浪涌控制信号发生器用于根据所述用电设备的工作状态输出相应的防浪涌控制信号；其特征在于，所述全控桥式整流装置包括：
    驱动模块、第一可控半桥模块、隔离驱动模块、第二可控半桥模块、半桥模块及限流电阻；
    驱动模块的输入端连接直流电源，驱动模块的第一控制端和第二控制端分别连接所述EMI滤波网络的负输出端和正输出端，所述第一可控半桥模块的第一控制端和第二控制端分别连接所述驱动模块的第一输出端和第二输出端，所述第一可控半桥模块的输出端与所述驱动模块的接地端共接于所述滤波电容的负极，所述第一可控半桥模块的第一输入端与所述第二可控半桥模块的第一输入端及所述半桥模块的第一输入端共接于所述EMI滤波网络的正输出端，所述第一可控半桥模块的第二输入端与所述第二可控半桥模块的第二输入端及所述半桥模块的第二输入端共接于所述EMI滤波网络的负输出端，所述第二可控半桥模块的输出端连接所述滤波电容的正极，所述隔离驱动模块的控制端、第一输入端和第二输入端分别连接所述防浪涌控制信号发生器、所述EMI滤波网络的正输出端和负输出端，所述隔离驱动模块的输出端连接所述第二可控半桥模块的控制端，所述限流电阻连接于所述半桥模块的输出端与所述第二可控半桥模块的输出端之间；
    在所述用电设备启动瞬间，所述第一可控半桥模块在所述驱动模块的控制下与所述半桥模块相配合对从所述EMI滤波网络输出的交流电进行整流处理后对所述滤波电容进行快速充电，所述限流电阻同时对所述交流电中的浪涌电流实现浪涌抑制，且所述防浪涌控制信号使所述隔离驱动模块控制所述第二可控半桥模块关断；在所述用电设备从启动状态过渡至稳定工作状态时，所述第一可控半桥模块的工作状态维持不变，所述隔离驱动模块在所述防浪涌控制信号的控制下驱动所述第二可控半桥模块导通，所述第二可控半桥模块与所述第一可控半桥模块相配合对从所述EMI滤波网络输出的交流电进行整流处理后为所述用电设备提供直流电，所述半桥模块与所述限流电阻因所述第二可控半桥模块导通而停止工作。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的全控桥式整流装置，其特征在于，所述驱动模块包括：
    二极管D1、电阻R1、电阻R2、电容C1、电阻R3、二极管D2、电阻R4、电阻R5、电容C2及电阻R6；
    所述二极管D1的阴极与所述二极管D2的阴极分别为所述驱动模块的第一控制端和第二控制端，所述电阻R1的第一端与所述电阻R4的第一端的共接点为所述驱动模块的输入端，所述电阻R1的第二端与所述二极管D1的阳极以及所述电容C1的第一端共接于所述电阻R2的第一端，所述电阻R2的第二端与所述电阻R3的第一端的共接点为所述驱动模块的第一输出端，所述电阻R4的第二端与所述二极管D2的阳极以及所述电容C2的第一端共接于所述电阻R5的第一端，所述电阻R5的第二端与所述电阻R6的第一端的所述共接点为所述驱动模块的第二输出端，所述电容C1的第二端与所述电阻R3的第二端、所述电容C2的第二端及所述电阻R6的第二端的共接点为所述驱动模块的接地端。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的全控桥式整流装置，其特征在于，所述第一可控半桥模块包括NMOS管Q1和NMOS管Q2，所述NMOS管Q1的栅极与所述NMOS管Q2的栅极分别为所述第一可控半桥模块的第一控制端和第二控制端，所述NMOS管Q1的漏极与所述NMOS管Q2的漏极分别为所述第一可控半桥模块的第一输入端和第二输入端，所述NMOS管Q1的源极与所述NMOS管Q2的源极的共接点为所述第一可控半桥模块的输出端。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的全控桥式整流装置，其特征在于，所述隔离驱动模块包括：
    光耦U1、二极管D3和二极管D4；
    所述光耦U1的发光二极管的阳极为所述隔离驱动模块的控制端，所述光耦U1的发光二极管的阴极接地，所述二极管D3的阳极与所述二极管D4的阳极分别为所述隔离驱动模块的第一输入端和第二输入端，所述二极管D3的阴极与所述二极管D4的阴极共接于所述光耦U1的光敏二极管的阳极，所述光耦U1的光敏二极管的阴极为所述隔离驱动模块的输出端。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的全控桥式整流装置，其特征在于，所述第二可控半桥模块包括可控硅Q3和可控硅Q4，所述可控硅Q3的阳极与所述可控硅Q4的阳极分别为所述第二可控半桥模块的第一输入端和第二输入端，所述可控硅Q3的阴极与所述可控硅Q4的阴极的共接点为所述第二可控半桥模块的输出端，所述可控硅Q3的控制极与所述可控硅Q4的控制极的共接点为所述第二可控半桥模块的控制端。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的全控桥式整流装置，其特征在于，所述半桥模块包括二极管D5和二极管D6，所述二极管D5的阳极与所述二极管D6的阳极分别为所述半桥模块的第一输入端和第二输入端，所述二极管D5的阴极与所述二极管D6的阴极的共接点为所述半桥模块的输出端。
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