WO2014103192A1 - 電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム - Google Patents
電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014103192A1 WO2014103192A1 PCT/JP2013/007163 JP2013007163W WO2014103192A1 WO 2014103192 A1 WO2014103192 A1 WO 2014103192A1 JP 2013007163 W JP2013007163 W JP 2013007163W WO 2014103192 A1 WO2014103192 A1 WO 2014103192A1
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- power
- command value
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- frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a combined power generation system having a plurality of types of power supplies and including a power conversion device provided for each power supply.
- the normal power system is a commercial power system supplied by a power company.
- the maintenance of power supply quality is mainly performed by the power company.
- a self-sustained power supply system examples include a power supply system in a ship, a microgrid in which a plurality of types of power supplies are combined in a certain area, and the like.
- Patent Document 1 discloses power detection for detecting power consumed by an electric propulsion unit in a power supply system in a ship including a plurality of auxiliary generators, a power storage device that performs charge / discharge operation, and an electric propulsion unit. And a start switch that gives a start command, and when the detection signal of the power detector falls below a threshold value, the power storage device is set to a charge mode, and the power storage device is set to a discharge mode by the start command of the start switch to store electricity.
- the structure provided with the control circuit which discharges electric power to an inboard electric power bus is disclosed.
- Such a power supply system in a ship is usually an independent power supply system that is independent of a commercial power system, and is connected to the commercial power system to receive power supply while moored at the quayside. .
- Patent Document 2 discloses a power converter provided in a power storage facility in a microgrid having a prime mover generator, a distributed power source using natural energy such as solar power generation and wind power generation, and a power storage facility including a secondary battery. A technique for ensuring the stability and quality of a microgrid by using the above is disclosed.
- the power supply system and microgrid etc. in the ship are various, such as a generator using a solar cell and a generator using a fuel cell, in addition to a power generator composed of a prime mover generator, a secondary battery and a power converter. This constitutes a combined power generation system consisting of multiple power sources.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique related to a power conversion device that is used in a power storage device and can bear a harmonic component or an unbalanced portion of the load current without separately providing a detector such as a load current. Yes. That is, the power conversion device of Patent Document 3 converts the DC power of the secondary battery to the control unit into AC power, and converts the AC power input through the output line into DC power into the secondary battery. And a power conversion unit capable of storing. In the control unit, a virtual power generation device is provided in advance in place of the power conversion unit and the secondary battery.
- the control unit calculates a current value to be output based on the voltage of the output line of the power conversion unit, and outputs a current corresponding to the current command value to the virtual power generation device model unit that determines the current command value to the output line.
- a control signal generator configured as described above. Then, in the virtual power generation device model unit, the engine model converts the fuel supply amount calculated by the governor model into the mechanical torque of the engine without considering the response characteristic of the engine, and generates the angular velocity and phase angle of the generator. A technique for calculating the value is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technology of a current control type power converter. That is, the technique of the parallel operation apparatus comprised so that the load fluctuation of the self-supporting power supply system comprised from the power storage device and synchronous generator using DC power supply was suppressed is disclosed. Specifically, in order to sufficiently handle sudden load changes and unbalanced loads in the parallel operation device, a signal composed of a negative correction amount due to drooping characteristics between the frequency setting value and the frequency of the independent power system is generated.
- power converters are classified into current control type and voltage control type depending on the control method.
- the characteristics of each control method are as follows.
- the current-controlled power conversion device is controlled to output a predetermined current regardless of the voltage and frequency of the connected system. It is mainly used as a power converter for grid connection. It is assumed that the voltage and frequency are maintained by other power generation facilities (commercial system, prime mover generator, etc.), and independent operation cannot be performed independently or between current-controlled power converters.
- the voltage-controlled power conversion device is controlled so as to output power of a constant voltage and frequency regardless of the output current. It is mainly used as a power converter for independent operation. The grid operation and the parallel operation of the voltage controlled power converters cannot be used because the output is undefined.
- a combined power generation system in which a plurality of power generation facilities having different characteristics is combined may be linked to a general commercial system depending on the operation status.
- power generation facilities include power generation facilities using natural energy generators such as solar power generation and wind power generation, fuel cells, and secondary batteries.
- a solar power generator, a fuel cell, and a secondary battery are direct current power supplies, and a power conversion device is used to convert direct current to alternating current for connection to an alternating current power supply system.
- the microgrid is required to be able to perform both interconnected operation with a general commercial system and independent operation.
- the configuration of the power generation facility may change, and depending on the situation, the power supply system may be configured only by the power generation facility using the power conversion device.
- the power converter of the microgrid is a current control type as described above.
- the microgrid When the microgrid is composed only of a power source using a power converter, when all power converters are current control type, the voltage and frequency are indefinite and operation is impossible. For this reason, it is necessary to switch one unit to a voltage control type. However, since transient load fluctuations are borne by one voltage-controlled power converter, the load fluctuation response is limited to the capacity of the voltage-controlled power converter. In addition, the voltage-controlled power converter must be operated and must be a power source that can follow output fluctuations.
- a prime mover generator such as a binary generator and a fuel cell generator
- a microgrid or the like is disconnected from a general commercial system and is operated independently.
- the voltage and frequency of the stand-alone power system are maintained and controlled by a system generator installed in the microgrid, and the power converter is operated in a current control type. Therefore, the power quality of the grid depends on the characteristics and capacity of the grid generator.
- a large capacity generator is required.
- large capacity generators have poor responsiveness. Since the reaction region of the fuel cell is linear at the gas-liquid interface, the load followability is inferior.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power conversion device that does not require a change in control method when switching from independent operation to interconnection operation in a combined power generation system such as a microgrid. At the same time, it is to realize an independent power supply system with excellent load following capability.
- a combined power generation system including a power conversion device includes a power storage facility including a power storage device and a first power converter connected to the power storage device, the power generation device, and the power generation A power generation system including a second power converter that is connected to a device and converts power of the power generation device into predetermined AC power, a voltage measuring instrument that measures a voltage of the power supply system, and the power source A combined power generation system including a power conversion device including a frequency acquisition unit for acquiring a system frequency, wherein a value for obtaining active power and reactive power at an output end of the first power converter is measured.
- the first system control device proportionally calculates a deviation between the SOC of the power storage device and the SOC command value of the power storage device to calculate a first active power command value; and A first proportionality calculator that proportionally calculates the deviation between the first active power command value and the active power obtained based on the value measured by the first measuring instrument, and a reference to the output of the first proportional calculator
- a first frequency command value calculation unit having a first adder for calculating a first frequency command value by adding frequencies; and a deviation between the first frequency command value and the frequency acquired by the frequency acquirer.
- a first internal phase difference angle calculator that integrates and calculates the first internal phase difference angle; and proportionally calculates a deviation between the first reactive power command value and the reactive power obtained based on the value measured by the first measuring instrument.
- the second proportionality calculator and the second proportionality calculator A first internal electromotive force command value calculator having a second adder for calculating a first internal electromotive force command value by adding a reference voltage to the force, the first internal phase difference angle, and the first internal electromotive force
- a first current command value calculating unit that calculates a command value of an output current of the first power converter from a voltage command value and a voltage measured by the voltage measuring instrument, and the first current command value The first power converter is configured to be controlled based on the output of the calculation unit.
- the second system control device integrates a deviation between the frequency and the frequency command value acquired by the frequency acquirer to calculate a second active power command value, and the second active power command value calculation unit, 2 a third proportionality calculator for proportionally calculating the deviation between the active power command value and the active power obtained based on the value measured by the second measuring instrument, and a reference frequency at the output of the third proportionality calculator And a third adder for calculating a second frequency command value by integrating the second frequency command value calculator, and integrating a deviation between the second frequency command value and the frequency acquired by the frequency acquirer A second internal phase difference angle calculating unit for calculating the second internal phase difference angle, and proportionally calculating a deviation between the second reactive power command value and the reactive power obtained based on the value measured by the second measuring instrument.
- the fourth proportional calculator and the output of the fourth proportional calculator And a second adder for calculating a second internal electromotive force command value, a second internal electromotive force command value calculation unit, the second internal phase difference angle, and the second internal electromotive voltage command value, A second current command value calculation unit that calculates a command value of the output current of the second power converter from the voltage measured by the voltage measuring instrument, and the output of the second current command value calculation unit Based on the second power converter.
- the first system control device controls charging / discharging of the power storage device through the first power converter, so that the power storage facility functions as a virtual generator. That is, in the power storage facility, the command value of the output current is output to the first power converter, so that the active power of the first power converter and the closed loop control system of the frequency of the power supply system and the reactive power of the first power converter In addition, a closed loop control system for the voltage of the power supply system is formed, and these control amounts (controlled amounts) are feedback-controlled. Therefore, the power storage facility includes a power converter that functions as both a current control type and a voltage control type, and does not need to change the control method when switching from the independent operation to the grid operation.
- the feedback control system for the power storage facility is realized by software instead of an actual generator, the response speed is high in principle. Therefore, in addition to the second power converter for the power generation facility, by using the first power converter for the power storage facility functioning as a virtual power generator, the power generation facility The excess or deficiency of the generated power with respect to the load power can be compensated for by the power storage facility having a faster response speed than the power generation facility.
- the control device in the first power converter and the control device in the second power converter have the same structure, and the control parameters of each converter are suitably according to the characteristics of the power generation facility or storage facility connected to the converter. By adjusting, it is possible to realize a self-supporting power supply system with excellent load followability.
- the “combined power generation system” referred to in the present invention is a power supply system composed of a plurality of power generation facilities and load facilities, which may be connected to a commercial power system, and connected to the commercial power system. It may be an independent power supply system that does not have a system.
- the “storage facility” is composed of a storage device and a power converter.
- “Electric storage device” refers to a battery or a capacitor that can extract DC power.
- the “power storage facility” includes a primary battery, a secondary battery, and an electric double layer capacitor. Storage of electricity is sometimes referred to as charging, and removal is sometimes referred to as discharging.
- the “power converter” includes a power conversion circuit including switching elements and a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control unit that controls ON / OFF of the switching elements.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the SOC command value and the frequency command value are predetermined numerical values set in advance, and may be constant values that can be changed.
- the SOC command value and the frequency command value may be set via a man-machine system.
- the reference voltage and the reference frequency are reference setting values for the control operation, and may be changed via a man-machine system, for example.
- the PWM controller of the power converter performs ON / OFF control of the switching element so that, for example, the output current of the power converter becomes a given current command value.
- a power converter may be referred to as a current-controlled power converter.
- the first internal electromotive force command value calculation unit is a sum of an internal impedance of the power storage facility and an external impedance between the power storage facility and the power supply system from the output of the second adder.
- the first internal electromotive force command value is obtained by subtracting a voltage drop due to the total impedance
- the second internal electromotive voltage command value calculation unit is configured to obtain the fuel cell power generation facility from the output of the fourth adder.
- the second internal electromotive force command value is obtained by subtracting the voltage drop due to the second total impedance, which is the sum of the internal impedance of the fuel cell power generation facility and the external impedance between the fuel cell power generation facility and the power supply system. Also good.
- the storage facility is regarded as an equivalent circuit composed of a generator having an internal electromotive force and an impedance, and the internal electromotive force generated from the internal electromotive force is obtained in the equivalent circuit to obtain the internal electromotive force set value.
- Internal impedance can be obtained by, for example, Thevenin's theorem.
- the actual internal impedance is generally said to be a very small value.
- the “external impedance” includes a reactor and a wiring resistance provided between the power converter and the power system.
- the internal electromotive force can be obtained from the system voltage value by back calculation.
- the first current command value calculation unit is configured such that the first total impedance is between a power source having a voltage measured by the voltage measuring instrument and a power source having a voltage indicated by the first internal electromotive voltage command value.
- the second current command value calculation unit is configured to output a current value flowing through the first total impedance, and the second current command value calculation unit includes a power source having a voltage measured by the voltage measuring instrument, When the second total impedance is connected to a power source having a voltage indicated by an internal electromotive voltage command value, a current value flowing through the second total impedance may be output.
- the internal impedance is estimated to be larger than the actual value, the value of the current flowing therethrough is obtained, and the power converter is current-controlled so as to be the current value. This makes it possible to realize a more stable operation of the power converter.
- the apparent value is current control, but voltage control Have the sides.
- the outputs of the first internal electromotive force command value calculation unit, the second internal electromotive voltage command value calculation unit, the first current command value calculation unit, and the second current command value calculation unit are The impedance value may be set larger than the actual value to be calculated.
- the voltage measuring instrument and the frequency acquisition unit have a voltmeter that measures the voltage of the power supply system, and a PLL calculation unit that performs a phase-synchronous calculation of the output of the voltmeter, and the power supply from the output of the voltmeter While calculating the voltage of a system
- an instantaneous value of a voltage of a specific two phase is detected via a transformer connected to a three-phase AC power supply system.
- This is taken into a computer, for example, and subjected to PLL (Phase Locked Loop) calculation (phase synchronization calculation) to calculate the frequency and voltage.
- PLL Phase Locked Loop
- the instantaneous value of the electric current of a specific 2 phase is detected via the current transformer connected to the power supply system of a three-phase alternating current, and electric power is calculated.
- the first power meter includes a voltmeter that measures the voltage of the power supply system, a PLL calculation unit that performs phase-synchronous calculation of the output of the voltmeter, and an ammeter that measures the output current of the power storage facility.
- the active power and reactive power of the first power meter are calculated from the output of the ammeter and the voltage calculated by the PLL calculation unit, and the second power meter is A voltmeter for measuring a voltage of a power supply system; a PLL calculation unit for phase-synchronizing the output of the voltmeter; and an ammeter for measuring an output current of the fuel cell power generation facility, wherein the output of the ammeter
- the active power and reactive power of the second power meter may be calculated from the voltage calculated by the PLL calculation unit.
- a second time delay calculator Provided between the first time delay calculator provided between the first proportional calculator and the first adder, and between the second proportional calculator and the second adder.
- the time delay calculator is a calculator that performs time delay processing, and may be, for example, a first-order delay. Further, it may be a moving average or a secondary delay.
- a limiter may be provided before or after the time delay calculator to limit the output value.
- the magnitude of the time delay in the time delay calculator may be a response delay of the power generation equipment connected to the power supply system as the time constant of the time delay calculator.
- the time delay in the first time delay calculator may be configured to be larger than the time delay in the third time delay calculator.
- the power generation device may be a fuel cell, and the second power converter may be configured to convert DC power of the fuel cell into AC power.
- the power generator is a binary generator, and the power generation facility includes the binary generator, an AC-DC converter that converts AC power of the binary generator into DC power, and a DC of the AC-DC converter. You may have the said 2nd power converter which converts electric power into alternating current power.
- the power supply system may be a self-supporting power supply system in which a prime mover generator and a generator using natural energy are connected.
- the self-sustaining power generation system referred to in the present invention refers to a power supply system independent of a commercial power system.
- an independent power supply system there is generally no element that controls the system voltage and frequency like a commercial power system, and the frequency and voltage are determined by the supply and demand of power.
- the power supply system may be an independent power supply system in which a plurality of the power storage facilities are connected.
- the power supply system may be configured such that a commercial power system can be connected via a circuit breaker.
- a combined power generation system such as a microgrid
- switching between grid interconnection operation and independent operation can be realized without changing the control method.
- an independent power system combining power storage equipment and power generation equipment can be realized, and appropriate power quality can be maintained against load fluctuations without damaging the power generation equipment.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a control block of a power converter for a power storage facility.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating a logic for calculating an active power command value in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 1C is a diagram illustrating a control block of a power converter for a fuel cell power generation facility.
- FIG. 1D is a diagram illustrating a logic for calculating an active power command value in FIG. 1C.
- FIG. 2A is a block diagram of a PLL calculation circuit in the voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit of the control block of FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2B is a block diagram for explaining the contents of the arithmetic processing in the PLL arithmetic circuit in the voltage / frequency / phase arithmetic unit of the control block of FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 3A is an example of a block diagram illustrating a calculation circuit of a frequency command value calculation unit in the system control apparatus.
- FIG. 3B is another example of a block diagram illustrating a calculation circuit of a frequency command value calculation unit in the system control device.
- FIG. 4A is an example of a block diagram illustrating a calculation circuit of an internal electromotive force command value calculation unit in the system control device.
- FIG. 4B is another example of a block diagram illustrating an arithmetic circuit of an internal electromotive force command value arithmetic unit in the system control device.
- FIG. 5 is an example of a block diagram illustrating an arithmetic circuit of an internal phase difference angle arithmetic unit in the system control device.
- FIG. 6A is an example of a block diagram illustrating a calculation circuit of a current command value calculation unit in the system control apparatus.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a virtual voltage-controlled power conversion device.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a power system diagram.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining drooping characteristics when the fuel cell power generation facility is linked to the grid.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram for explaining drooping characteristics when the fuel cell power generation facility is linked to the grid.
- FIG. 8C is a diagram for explaining drooping characteristics when the fuel cell power generation facility is linked to the grid.
- FIG. 8D is a diagram for explaining drooping characteristics when the fuel cell power generation facility is linked to the grid.
- FIG. 8E is a diagram for explaining drooping characteristics when the fuel cell power generation facility is linked to the grid.
- FIG. 8F is a diagram for explaining drooping characteristics when the fuel cell power generation facility is linked to the grid.
- FIG. 8G is a diagram for explaining drooping characteristics when the fuel cell power generation facility is linked to the grid.
- FIG. 8H is a diagram for explaining drooping characteristics when the fuel cell power generation facility is linked to the grid.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a system voltage simulation test result when two power converters are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating a system frequency simulation test result when two power conversion devices are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 9C is a diagram showing a simulation test result of active power when two power converters are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 9D is a diagram illustrating a simulation test result of reactive power when two power converters are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a system voltage simulation test result when the power conversion device and the fuel cell power generation facility are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a simulation test result of the system frequency when the power conversion device and the fuel cell power generation facility are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 10C is a diagram illustrating a simulation test result of active power when the power conversion device and the fuel cell power generation facility are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 10D is a diagram illustrating a simulation test result of reactive power when the power conversion device and the fuel cell power generation facility are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 11 is a system diagram of the binary power generation facility.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a control block of the power conversion device for the power storage facility for the combined power generation system.
- the secondary battery 5 is connected to a secondary battery power conversion circuit 6 (hereinafter simply referred to as a power conversion circuit) via a DC power line 7.
- This power conversion circuit 6 converts a DC power from the secondary battery 5 into a predetermined AC power and outputs it to the AC power supply system 1 by turning ON / OFF a power semiconductor element (not shown) at a high speed, or an AC power supply
- the secondary battery 5 is charged by converting the AC power from the system 1 into DC power.
- An electric double layer capacitor may be used as an electricity storage device in place of the secondary battery.
- the AC power supply system 1 is provided with a voltage detector 4 for detecting the voltage of the power supply system and a current detector 3 for detecting the current flowing through the power conversion circuit 6.
- the output of the voltage detector 4 is connected to a voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit 14 of a secondary battery system control device 11 (first system control device; hereinafter simply referred to as a system control device) via a wiring 22.
- the output of the current detector 3 is connected to the current calculation unit 13 of the system control device 11 via the wiring 21.
- the voltage detector 4 is a transformer known as PT (Potential Transformer), and the current detector 3 is a current transformer known as CT (Current Transformer).
- the system controller 11 includes an active power command value calculation unit 96, a current calculation unit 13, a voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit 14, an active / reactive power calculation unit 15, a frequency command value calculation unit 40, and an internal electromotive voltage command value calculation unit. 50, an internal phase difference angle calculation unit 60, a current command value calculation unit 70, and a power conversion device control unit 16.
- the gate drive signal 20 from the power converter control unit 16 is sent to the power converter circuit 6.
- the gate drive signal 20 is subjected to PWM control of the gate of the power semiconductor element, whereby the DC power of the secondary battery 5 is converted into AC power having a desired voltage, frequency, and phase and supplied to the AC power supply system 1.
- AC power from the AC power supply system 1 is converted into DC power to charge the secondary battery 5.
- the secondary battery 5 is provided with a state detector 17 for detecting the state of the battery such as the voltage, current, temperature, and pressure of the secondary battery. Based on the signal from the state detector 17, the secondary battery monitoring device 18 monitors the state of the secondary battery and calculates the SOC (State Of Charge) of the secondary battery 5.
- SOC State Of Charge
- the secondary battery monitoring device 18 When the secondary battery monitoring device 18 is connected to the system control device 11 via the wiring 23 and detects an abnormality in the state of the secondary battery 5, the secondary battery monitoring device 18 is connected to the power conversion circuit 6 via the power conversion device control unit 16. Stop operation. At the same time, the SOC of the secondary battery is transmitted to the system controller 11.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating the PLL calculation circuit 31 in the voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit 14.
- the voltage and frequency of the AC power supply system 1 are calculated by the PLL arithmetic circuit 31. That is, the PLL arithmetic circuit 31 functions as a frequency acquisition unit.
- 2A is a block diagram of the PLL calculation unit (PLL calculation circuit 31)
- FIG. 2B shows the contents of calculation processing in the PLL calculation unit (PLL calculation circuit 31) that calculates the system voltage, system frequency, and phase. It is a block diagram for demonstrating.
- the frequency / phase of the AC power supply system 1 is calculated by the PLL arithmetic circuit 31 based on the voltage signal from the voltage detector 4. Specifically, instantaneous values vRS and vST of the line voltage of the AC power supply system 1 are measured by the voltage detector 4 installed in the power conversion circuit 6 and input to the PLL calculation circuit 31. In the PLL calculation circuit 31, the frequency / phase estimation calculation of the AC power supply system 1 is performed using the instantaneous values vRS and vST of the voltage.
- the PLL operation circuit 31 calculates the phase ⁇ from the line voltage values (vRS, vST), and the ⁇ converter 30 calculates the phase ⁇ .
- the filter 34 and the integrator 35 that integrates the estimated angular velocity and calculates the estimated phase ⁇ ′ are configured.
- the phase ⁇ of the power supply system 1 is obtained by subjecting the instantaneous values vRS and vST of the system line voltage obtained from the voltage detector 4 to ⁇ conversion.
- the instantaneous value of the phase voltage of each phase on the system side is defined as vR, vS, vT, and the instantaneous value vector v ⁇ is defined as follows.
- the instantaneous value vector v ⁇ is a vector that rotates a fixed coordinate system ( ⁇ axis) based on the a phase at an angular velocity ⁇ .
- the system instantaneous line voltages vRS, vST and the instantaneous phase voltages vR, vS, vT measured by the actual voltage detector 4 have the following relationship.
- the instantaneous value vector is obtained from the instantaneous line voltage as follows.
- the product of the output of the sin converter 36 and the output cos ⁇ of the ⁇ converter 30 and the product of the output of the cos converter 37 and the output sin ⁇ of the ⁇ converter 30 are input to the phase comparator 32, respectively.
- the phase comparator 32 obtains a deviation ⁇ ′ (hereinafter referred to as a phase deviation) between the phase ⁇ obtained from the instantaneous value of the system voltage and the phase ⁇ ′ estimated in the PLL calculation circuit 31. Specifically, the phase deviation is calculated by the following calculation.
- the output ⁇ (see FIG. 2B) of the ⁇ converter 30 is obtained from Equation 10 using Euler's equation.
- the loop filter 34 obtains the frequency of the system from the phase deviation obtained by the phase comparator 32.
- the synchronization frequency (estimated synchronization frequency) ⁇ s of the system is obtained from the output of the loop filter 34.
- the transfer function G (s) of the loop filter is expressed by the following equation.
- the system voltage is obtained by dq conversion. That is, the voltage in the dq coordinate system is obtained as follows.
- the voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit 14 calculates the voltages Vd and Vq, the estimated synchronization frequency ⁇ s, and the phase ⁇ from the instantaneous values vRS and vST of the line voltage from the voltage detector 4.
- the current calculation unit 13 receives the estimated phase ⁇ ′ calculated by the voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit 14 and calculates currents Id and Iq by the following equations.
- the active / reactive power calculation unit 15 receives the voltages Vd, Vq and currents Id, Iq calculated by the voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit 14 and the current calculation unit 13 as active power. P and reactive power Q are calculated.
- the active power command value calculation unit 96 calculates the active power command value Pref by proportionally calculating the deviation between the SOC of the secondary battery 5 and the SOC command value SOCref of the secondary battery 5. To do.
- the active power command value Pref is calculated by the method shown in the control block of FIG. 1B.
- the subtractor 93 calculates a deviation between the SOC command value SOCref and the SOC calculated by the secondary battery monitoring device 18 and outputs the deviation to the proportional controller 94.
- the proportional controller 94 inverts the polarity of the output of the subtractor 93, multiplies it by the proportional gain K, and sends it to the upper / lower limit setting unit 95 of the next stage.
- the upper / lower limit setter 95 outputs the active power command value Pref to the frequency command value calculation unit 40.
- FIG. 3A is an example of a block diagram showing a calculation circuit of the frequency command value calculation unit 40 in the control block of FIG. 1A. That is, as shown in FIG. 3A, the subtractor 43 subtracts the active power P from the active power command value Pref and outputs it to the proportional controller 44. The proportional controller 44 multiplies the output of the subtractor 43 by a proportional gain (Dr) and sends the result to the upper / lower limiter 46 of the next stage.
- Dr proportional gain
- the upper / lower limiter 46 limits the output of the proportional controller 44 between ⁇ dr_max and ⁇ dr_min and outputs the result.
- the adder 47 adds the reference frequency ⁇ o to the output of the upper / lower limiter 46 and outputs the result as a frequency command value ⁇ ref.
- FIG. 3B is another embodiment of the calculation circuit of the frequency command value calculation unit 40 in the control block of FIG. 1A. That is, a first-order lag calculator 45 may be arranged between the proportional controller 44 and the upper / lower limiter 46 as shown in FIG. 3B instead of FIG. 3A.
- the proportional gain (Dr) of the proportional controller 44 is adjusted so as to have a predetermined drooping characteristic between the active power and the frequency.
- FIG. 4A is a block diagram showing a calculation circuit of the internal electromotive voltage command value calculation unit 50 in the control block of FIG. 1A.
- the internal electromotive force command value calculation unit 50 calculates the internal electromotive force command value Ef by proportional control from the deviation between the reactive power command value Qref and the reactive power Q.
- the subtractor 53 subtracts the reactive power Q from the reactive power command value Qref and outputs it to the proportional controller 54.
- the proportional controller 54 multiplies the output of the subtractor 53 by a proportional gain (Dr) and sends the result to the upper / lower limiter 56 of the next stage.
- Dr proportional gain
- the upper / lower limiter 56 limits the output of the proportional controller 54 between Vdr_max and Vdr_min and outputs the result.
- the adder 57 adds the voltage reference value Vo to the output of the upper / lower limiter 56 and outputs a voltage command value Vref.
- the voltage target value Vref is sent to the function calculator 58.
- the function calculator 58 performs the calculation shown in the following formula and outputs the internal electromotive force command value Ef.
- the internal electromotive force command value Ef obtained by the above expression is the sum of the internal impedance of the power storage equipment and the external impedance between the power storage equipment and the power supply system from the voltage target value Vref that is the output of the second adder 57. It can be said that it is obtained by subtracting the voltage drop due to the total impedance (r, x) (see FIG. 6B).
- FIG. 6B is an example of a system diagram showing a virtual voltage-controlled power converter.
- FIG. 4B is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the internal electromotive force command value calculation unit in the control block of FIG. 1A. That is, as shown in FIG. 4B instead of FIG. 4A, a first-order lag calculator 55 may be arranged between the proportional controller 54 and the upper / lower limiter 56. The proportional gain (Dr) is adjusted to have a predetermined drooping characteristic between the reactive power and the output voltage.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a calculation circuit of the internal phase difference angle calculation unit in the control block of FIG. 1A.
- the internal phase difference angle calculation unit 60 calculates the internal phase difference angle ⁇ from the deviation between the frequency command value ⁇ ref and the estimated synchronization frequency ⁇ s.
- the subtractor 63 calculates a deviation between the frequency command value ⁇ ref and the estimated synchronization frequency ⁇ s.
- An integrator 64 provided at the next stage of the subtracter 63 integrates this deviation and outputs it as an internal phase difference angle ⁇ .
- the frequency command value ⁇ ref and the estimated synchronization frequency ⁇ s are compared in terms of frequency.
- the angular velocity (unit: rad / sec), the rotation speed (unit: 1 / sec), or the rotation It is good also as a structure compared by speed (unit: rpm).
- the angular velocity, the rotation speed, and the rotation speed are concepts equivalent to the frequency.
- FIG. 6A is a block diagram showing a calculation circuit of the current command value calculation unit 70 in the control block of FIG. 1A.
- the internal electromotive voltage command value Ef the internal phase difference angle ⁇
- the voltages Vd and Vq are input to the function calculator 72.
- the function calculator 72 calculates the following expression and outputs current command values Id_ref and Iq_ref to the power converter control unit 16.
- the current value obtained by the above formula is the current value that flows in the total impedance when it is assumed that the total impedance is connected between the power source of the system voltage measured by the voltage measuring instrument and the power source of the internal electromotive force command value voltage. It is.
- This current value is output from the current command value calculation unit 70 as a current command value (see FIG. 6B).
- the internal impedance of the power storage facility and the external impedance between the power storage facility and the power supply system The total impedance that is the sum is used.
- the current command value calculation unit 70 is connected to the system when the virtual voltage-controlled power conversion device generates the internal electromotive voltage obtained by the internal electromotive force command value calculation unit and the internal phase difference angle calculation unit. The output current value is estimated.
- the power converter control unit 16 includes an estimated phase ⁇ ′ calculated by the voltage / frequency / phase calculation unit 14, currents Id and Iq calculated by the current calculation unit 13, and a current command.
- the current command values Id_ref and Iq_ref calculated by the value calculation unit 70 are input.
- the power converter control unit 16 outputs the gate drive signal 20 such that the output current of the power conversion circuit 6 becomes the current command value calculated by the current command value calculation unit 70.
- the secondary battery monitoring device 18 if an abnormality is found in the secondary battery 5, a battery abnormality signal is sent to the power conversion device control unit 16 of the system control device 11 via the wiring 23 to stop sending the gate drive signal 20. . As a result, the operation of the power conversion circuit 6 is stopped, so that the secondary battery 5 can be protected.
- abnormalities in the secondary battery include overcurrent, voltage drop, overvoltage, overcharge, overdischarge, battery temperature abnormality, battery pressure abnormality, and device abnormality.
- the secondary battery monitoring device 18 calculates the SOC of the secondary battery 5 and transmits it to the system control device 11 via the wiring 23.
- the SOC is calculated by correcting the SOC (integrated SOC) obtained by integrating the current flowing through the secondary battery with the SOC (instantaneous SOC) obtained from the current, voltage, and temperature.
- the power converter 6 controls to reduce the output of the active power, and conversely, when the SOC is larger than the target SOC command value, the active power Control to increase the output of. As a result, the SOC of the secondary battery is kept in an appropriate range.
- FIG. 1C illustrates a case where a fuel cell power generation facility is applied as the power generation facility.
- the fuel cell power generation facility includes a fuel cell 122 and a fuel cell power conversion device 123.
- a power generation facility other than the fuel cell power generation facility for example, a power generator such as a binary power generator
- omitted description is abbreviate
- a fuel cell 122 is connected as a power generation facility instead of the secondary battery 5 in FIG. 1A.
- the fuel cell 122 is connected to the fuel cell power conversion circuit 125.
- a voltage detector 126 is connected to the output of the fuel cell power conversion circuit 125.
- the fuel cell power conversion circuit 125 operates by receiving a gate drive signal 127 from the fuel cell system control device 124 via wiring.
- the secondary battery monitoring device is not provided.
- the active power command value calculation unit 86 calculates the active power command value Pref by proportionally calculating the deviation between the frequency F of the fuel cell 122 and the frequency command value Fref of the fuel cell 122.
- the active power command value Pref is calculated by the method shown in the control block of FIG. 1D.
- the subtractor 83 calculates the deviation between the frequency command value Fref and the frequency F and sends it to the dead zone calculator 84.
- the dead zone calculator 84 outputs the same value as the input when the deviation is large, and outputs 0 when the deviation is small.
- the dead zone plays a role of preventing deflection of the frequency command value Fref in one direction due to a small deviation.
- the signal output from the dead zone calculator 84 is integrated by the integration controller 85 to obtain the active power command value Pref.
- the active power command value Pref is input to the frequency command value calculation unit 40.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a power system diagram of the combined power generation system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the inboard power supply system 100 is not particularly substantial, and to be strong, it can be said that it is composed of wiring, various generators connected to this, load facilities, and the like.
- the three-phase AC power flows through the inboard power supply system 100 (hereinafter simply referred to as the power supply system).
- the power supply system inboard power supply system 100
- FIG. 7 this is represented as a single-line system diagram for the sake of simplicity.
- the power supply system shown in FIG. 7 is in a ship, but the present invention can also be applied to a microgrid.
- the power supply system 100 is a three-phase alternating current with a nominal voltage of 440 V and a nominal frequency of 60 Hz, and various facilities are connected to the system. That is, a solar power generator 110 composed of a solar cell unit 103 and a power converter 104, a power storage facility 111 composed of a secondary battery 105 and a power converter, a fuel cell power generator composed of a fuel cell 122 and a fuel cell power converter 123.
- the equipment 121 and the diesel generator 107 are connected to the power supply side of the power supply system 100 of FIG.
- an inboard power load 102 and a bow thruster 108 are connected to the load side of the power supply system 100 in FIG. 7.
- the power consumed in the ship is the inboard power load 102.
- the bow thruster 108 is provided to move a ship to a quay when entering a port without the assistance of a tugboat, and is driven by a large induction motor.
- the electric power required on board is provided by the fuel cell power generation equipment 121.
- Natural energy such as the solar power generator 110 may be used, but natural energy usually cannot control the generated power, and thus works to destabilize the power system.
- the power storage equipment 111 according to the present invention is provided to compensate for transient load fluctuations (for example, operation stop of the bow thruster 108) that cannot be followed by the fuel cell power generation equipment 121 and disturbances to the system by the solar power generator 110. It is a thing.
- the power system 100 is connected to the commercial power system 115 via the circuit breaker 116 by closing the system connection circuit breaker 116 in cooperation with a synchronous input control device (not shown) after the ship has berthed. .
- the operation of the secondary battery system controller 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as a system controller) alone will be described. That is, the operation of the system control device 11 when the process amount changes when no other power generation facility is connected in FIG. 1A will be described.
- the synchronization frequency (estimated synchronization frequency) ⁇ s decreases due to the droop characteristic.
- the output of the subtractor 63 that is zero in the settling state turns positive in the internal phase difference angle calculation unit 60.
- the output of the integrator 64 increases and the internal phase difference angle ⁇ increases.
- the current command value Id_ref calculated by the current command value calculation unit 70 increases, and the d-axis current output from the power converter 106 also increases.
- the active power P increases, and the lowered synchronization frequency ⁇ s increases and tries to return to the original value.
- the synchronization frequency ⁇ s does not return to the value before the onboard load increase.
- the output of the subtractor 43 of the frequency command value calculation unit 40 decreases.
- the frequency command value ⁇ ref which is the output of the frequency command value calculation unit 40, decreases.
- the synchronization frequency ⁇ s and the frequency command value ⁇ ref are balanced, and the output of the subtractor 63 of the internal phase difference angle calculation unit 60 becomes zero.
- the increase in the output of the integrator 64 stops, and the internal phase difference angle ⁇ is set to a value after the load on the ship is increased.
- FIG. 1, FIG. 3B, FIG. 7, FIG. 8 shows the transient response between the system control device 11 and the system control device 124 when the power storage equipment 111 and the fuel cell power generation equipment 121 are connected to the power supply system 1. Will be described. Here, a case where the inboard load (102, 108) increases is illustrated.
- FIG. 8A shows the frequency of the system and the load sharing of the power storage equipment 111 and the fuel cell power generation equipment 121.
- the vertical axis represents the frequency ⁇
- the horizontal axis represents the load sharing
- the graph on the horizontal axis Pg side shows The output characteristics of the fuel cell power generation equipment 121 are shown
- the graph on the horizontal axis Pbat side shows the output characteristics of the power storage equipment 111.
- each output characteristic is determined by the value of the proportional gain Dr of the proportional controller 44 in FIG. 3B. Further, the output characteristics of the fuel cell power generation equipment 121 fluctuate in the vertical direction depending on the output result of FIG. 1D. Similarly, the output characteristics of the power storage equipment 111 fluctuate up and down depending on the output result of FIG. 1B.
- the frequency is the same for both. Also, in a steady state, the load sharing is settled on the output characteristic line of each power generation facility, but in a transient state, it may operate at a point off the output characteristic line.
- the fuel cell power generation equipment 121 and the power storage equipment 111 share the loads P1 and P2 at a frequency of 60 Hz according to the output characteristics.
- the fluctuation increases the sharing amount according to the equipment capacity ratio of each power generation facility, and shares P1 ′ and P2 ′ at a frequency of 60 Hz, respectively.
- ⁇ ref simultaneously decreases, and is settled on the output characteristic line while maintaining the sharing amounts P1 'and P2' of each power generation facility.
- the load sharing amount of the fuel cell power generation facility is reduced by operating the fuel cell power generation facility 121 and the power storage facility 111 in parallel as compared with the case where the fuel cell power generation facility 121 is operated alone.
- the share of load fluctuation is the capacity ratio of each power generation facility, if the capacity of the power storage facility 111 is smaller than that of the fuel cell power generation facility 121, a sufficient effect may not be obtained.
- the time constant of the primary delay calculator 45 in the power storage facility 111 is set longer than the time constant of the primary delay calculator 45 in the fuel cell power generation facility 121.
- the time constant of power storage equipment 111 is set sufficiently longer than the time constant of fuel cell power generation equipment 45.
- the initial state is as shown in FIG. 8D. That is, the system load power is P and the frequency is 60 Hz.
- the power storage equipment 111 is in a state where SOC (State Of Charge) adjustment is completed and charging / discharging is not performed. All the system load power is borne by the fuel cell power generation facility 121, and the fuel cell power generation facility output P 1 is equal to the system load power P.
- SOC State Of Charge
- the fuel cell power generation equipment 121 increases the active power command Pref to return the frequency to 60 Hz according to the characteristics of FIG. 1D.
- the SOC decreases, and therefore, the active power command Pref is decreased according to the characteristics of FIG. 1B.
- the power system is in a state as shown in FIG. 8G. That is, the frequency is maintained at 60 Hz, the power storage facility 111 charges P2-3 to return the SOC to a predetermined value, and the fuel cell power generation facility 121 charges the system load power P ′ and the charging power P2 ⁇ of the power storage facility 111. 3 and P1-3.
- the output characteristics of the power storage facility 111 move upward, and the charging power decreases.
- the output characteristic of the fuel cell power generation equipment 121 moves downward, and finally settles in the state of FIG. 8H.
- the independent power supply system and the onshore commercial power system can be linked without switching the control method. Further, in the self-sustained power system, the fuel cell power generation facility and the power storage facility using the secondary battery can be interconnected. Furthermore, each of the fuel cell power generation facility and the power storage facility can be autonomously controlled, and the facility configuration can be easily changed and added. (2) The fuel cell is prevented from being damaged by a sudden load fluctuation in the self-supporting power system. (3) Appropriate power quality can be ensured in the independent power system.
- FIG. 9A, FIG. 9B, FIG. 9C, and FIG. 9D show simulation results when load fluctuations occur in the case where the inboard power source is only the power storage equipment 111.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a system voltage simulation test result when two power conversion devices for a combined power generation system according to the present invention are provided and operated in parallel.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a system frequency simulation test result when two power converters for a combined power generation system according to the present invention are provided and operated in parallel.
- FIG. 9C is a diagram showing a simulation test result of active power when two power converters for a combined power generation system according to the present invention are provided and operated in parallel.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a system voltage simulation test result when two power conversion devices for a combined power generation system according to the present invention are provided and operated in parallel.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a system frequency simulation test result when two power converters for a combined power generation system according to the present invention are provided and operated in
- FIG. 9D is a diagram illustrating a simulation test result of reactive power when two power converters for a combined power generation system according to the present invention are provided and operated in parallel.
- (i) represents the load active power
- (ii) represents one of the two power converters
- (iii) represents the other active power of the two power converters. Yes.
- (i) represents the reactive power of the load
- (ii) represents the reactive power of one of the two power converters
- (iii) represents the reactive power of the other of the two power converters. Yes.
- the simulation results of FIGS. 9A to 9D indicate the following.
- the fuel cell power generation facility 121 is stopped and the power converters 106a and 106b are operating in parallel.
- the power command value is initially 0 kW and 0 kVar for any power converter 106.
- the frequency and voltage droop settings are 5% for both the three fuel cell power generation facilities 121 and the two power converters 106.
- ⁇ Inboard load increased from 40 kW, 30 kVar to 120 kW, 90 kVar at 1 second.
- -At 2 seconds the active power command value of the power converter 106a has changed to 120 kW.
- the reactive power command value of the power converter 106a changes to 90 kVar at the time of 3 seconds.
- the output of the power converter 106 is determined by the load power regardless of the command.
- the load is equally shared by the power converters 106 if the power command values of the power converters 106 are equal to each other.
- the other output automatically changes correspondingly. Therefore, it is understood that the control for maintaining the steady values of the voltage and the frequency at the rated value is possible by observing the steady deviation and giving the power command value corresponding to the deviation.
- FIG. 10A, FIG. 10B, FIG. 10C and FIG. 10D show simulation results when load fluctuations occur in the case where the onboard power source is the fuel cell power generation equipment 121 and the power storage equipment 111.
- FIG. 10A is a figure which shows the simulation test result of the system voltage at the time of carrying out the parallel operation of the power converter device for combined power generation systems and fuel cell power generation equipment which concern on this invention.
- FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a system frequency simulation test result when the power conversion device for a combined power generation system and the fuel cell power generation facility according to the present invention are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 10C is a diagram showing a simulation test result of active power when the power converter for the combined power generation system and the fuel cell power generation facility according to the present invention are operated in parallel.
- FIG. 10D is a diagram showing a reactive power simulation test result when the power converter for the combined power generation system and the fuel cell power generation facility according to the present invention are operated in parallel.
- (i) represents the effective power of the fuel cell power generation facility
- (ii) represents the load effective power
- (iii) represents the effective power of the power converter.
- (i) represents reactive power of the fuel cell power generation facility
- (ii) represents load reactive power
- (iii) represents reactive power of the power converter.
- the simulation results of FIGS. 10A to 10D show the following.
- the fuel cell power generation facility 121 and the power conversion device 106a of one power storage facility 111a are operated in parallel.
- the power command value of the power converter 106a is initially 0 kW and 0 kVar.
- the frequency and voltage droop settings are 5% for both the three fuel cell power generation facilities 121 and the two power converters 106.
- the load has increased from 40 kW, 30 kVar to 120 kW, 90 kVar at 1 second. -At 2 seconds, the active power command value of the power converter 106a has changed to 120 kW.
- the reactive power command value of the power converter 106a changes to 90 kVar at the time of 3 seconds.
- the initial power of the power converter 106a is almost zero, but the load is borne at a constant rate when the load fluctuates. As with an actual generator, load sharing is quickly performed for load fluctuations of active power and reactive power, and fluctuations in system frequency and system voltage are reduced. From this, it can be seen that the power converter 106 according to the present invention has the ability to stabilize the power system.
- ⁇ Other examples of power generation equipment> In place of the fuel cell power generation facility, another type of power generation facility can similarly construct a combined power generation system including a power conversion device. For example, a binary power generation apparatus shown in FIG. 11 may be applied as power generation equipment.
- the binary power generation facility 131 includes a turbine 145, a generator 152, a hot water pump 141, an evaporator 142, a preheater 143, a condenser 146, a cooling water pump 150, a cooling tower 151, a heat medium pump 148, a tank 147, and AC-DC conversion.
- the circuit 153 and the DC-AC conversion circuit 154 are configured.
- it has the heat source 140 which supplies heat energy to the binary power generation equipment 131, and the generated electric energy is connected to the AC power supply system 155.
- the heat source 140 is a geothermal heat of a remote island, and the AC power supply system 155 is a power supply system of a remote island.
- the heat source 140, the hot water pump 141, the evaporator 142, and the preheater 142 are connected in order via a hot water system pipe, and hot water circulates.
- the tank 147, the heat medium pump 148, the preheater 143, the evaporator 142, the turbine 145, and the condenser 146 are sequentially connected through a heat medium system pipe, and the heat medium circulates.
- the cooling tower 151, the cooling water pump 150, and the condenser 146 are connected in order through piping of a cooling water system, and the cooling water circulates.
- the generator 152, the AC-DC conversion circuit 153, the DC-AC conversion circuit 154, and the AC power supply system 155 are sequentially connected by a power line.
- the heat energy generated by the heat source 140 is supplied to the evaporator 142 by the hot water pump 141.
- the heat energy of hot water is given to the heat medium by heat exchange, and the heat medium is vaporized.
- the hot water is also circulated through the preheater 143, and the preheater 143 uses the remaining heat of the hot water to raise the temperature of the heat medium.
- the heat medium stored in the tank 147 is supplied to the preheater 143 using the heat medium pump 148, where the heat energy of the hot water is received and the temperature is raised.
- the heat medium then circulates to the evaporator 142 where it receives the thermal energy of the hot water and vaporizes it.
- the vaporized heat medium is supplied to the turbine 145, and the heat energy of the heat medium is converted into rotational energy of the turbine 145.
- the heat medium is then discharged from the turbine 145 and circulated to the condenser 146 where it is cooled and liquefied.
- the liquefied heat medium is stored in the tank 147.
- the cooling tower 151 cools the cooling water.
- the cooling water is supplied to the condenser 146 using the cooling water pump 150, and is used for liquefaction of the heat medium in the condenser 146.
- AC power is generated by the generator 152 based on the rotational power.
- the AC power is temporarily converted into DC power by the AC-DC conversion circuit 153, further converted into AC power by the DC-AC conversion circuit 154, and then supplied to the AC power supply system 155.
- the binary power generation apparatus 131 uses hot water as a heat source, uses a heat exchanger to vaporize a heat medium having a boiling point lower than that of water, and rotates the turbine 145 using the vaporized heat medium. Since two types of heat media are used in this way, it is called binary power generation. By using a heat medium having a boiling point lower than that of water, it is possible to generate power using a low-temperature heat source that could not be used with a steam turbine or the like.
- a permanent magnet type high frequency synchronous machine is used for the generator 152 in the binary power generator 131.
- the generator 152 is connected to the AC power supply system 155 via the AC-DC conversion circuit 153 and the DC-AC conversion circuit 154.
- the binary power generator 131 When the binary power generator 131 is activated, the generator 152 is used as a starter motor and is driven by a power conversion circuit. After startup, it operates as a generator. Since the generator is a high-frequency type and cannot be directly connected to the system, the AC-DC conversion circuit 153 temporarily converts it to DC, and then the DC-AC conversion circuit 154 supplies the voltage, frequency, and phase to the AC power supply system 155. Is converted into a synchronized AC voltage to supply power to the AC power supply system.
- the DC-AC conversion circuit 154 By configuring the DC-AC conversion circuit 154 to have the same configuration as the fuel cell power conversion circuit 125, a grid interconnection power conversion device including a binary power generation device (that is, the same configuration as in FIG. 1C) can be obtained. At this time, the AC-DC conversion circuit 153 performs constant voltage control for controlling the DC voltage to be constant.
- the present invention is a combined power generation system having a plurality of types of power supplies, and can be suitably used as a power conversion device for maintaining and managing the quality of a power supply system in a self-sustained power supply system that may be interconnected. . It can also be used for general power supply systems.
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Abstract
Description
図2A及び図2Bは、電圧・周波数・位相演算部14におけるPLL演算回路31について説明する図である。交流電源系統1の電圧及び周波数はこのPLL演算回路31にて算出される。すなわち、PLL演算回路31は、周波数取得部として機能する。ここで、図2Aは、PLL演算部(PLL演算回路31)のブロック図であり、図2Bは、系統電圧及び系統周波数及び位相を算出するPLL演算部(PLL演算回路31)における演算処理の内容を説明するためのブロック図である。
(2)電流演算部
電流演算部13は、電圧・周波数・位相演算部14で計算された推定位相φ’を入力として、次式により電流Id,Iqを算出する。
有効・無効電力演算部15は、電圧・周波数・位相演算部14と電流演算部13で計算された電圧Vd,Vqと電流Id,Iqを入力として、有効電力Pと無効電力Qとを算出する。
有効電力指令値演算部96は、二次電池5のSOCと二次電池5のSOC指令値SOCrefとの偏差を比例演算して、有効電力指令値Prefを算出する。有効電力指令値Prefは、図1Bの制御ブロックに示す方法により算出される。図1Bにおいて、減算器93は、SOC指令値SOCrefと二次電池監視装置18で計算されたSOCとの偏差を計算し、比例制御器94に出力する。比例制御器94は、減算器93の出力の極性を反転し、比例ゲインKを乗じて、次段の上下限設定器95に送る。上下限設定器95は有効電力指令値Prefを周波数指令値演算部40に出力する。
周波数指令値演算部40は有効電力指令値Prefと有効電力Pとの偏差から比例制御により周波数指令値ωrefを算出する。ここで、図3Aは図1Aの制御ブロックにおいて、周波数指令値演算部40の演算回路を示すブロック図の一例である。すなわち、図3Aに示すように、減算器43は有効電力指令値Prefから有効電力Pを減算して、比例制御器44に出力する。比例制御器44は、減算器43の出力に比例ゲイン(Dr)を乗じて、次段の上下限リミッタ46に送る。そして、上下限リミッタ46は、比例制御器44の出力をωdr_maxとωdr_minの間に制限して出力する。加算器47は、上下限リミッタ46の出力に基準周波数ωoを加えて、周波数指令値ωrefとして出力する。
図4Aは図1Aの制御ブロックにおいて、内部起電圧指令値演算部50の演算回路を示すブロック図である。図4Aに示すように、内部起電圧指令値演算部50は無効電力指令値Qrefと無効電力Qとの偏差から比例制御により内部起電圧指令値Efを算出する。具体的には、減算器53は無効電力指令値Qrefから無効電力Qを減算して、比例制御器54に出力する。比例制御器54は、減算器53の出力に比例ゲイン(Dr)を乗じて、次段の上下限リミッタ56に送る。そして、上下限リミッタ56は、比例制御器54の出力をVdr_maxとVdr_minとの間に制限して出力する。加算器57は、上下限リミッタ56の出力に電圧基準値Voを加算して電圧指令値Vrefを出力する。電圧目標値Vrefは、関数演算器58に送られる。関数演算器58は、下式に示す演算を行い、内部起電圧指令値Efを出力する。
図5は図1Aの制御ブロックにおいて、内部相差角演算部の演算回路を示すブロック図である。図5に示すように、内部相差角演算部60は周波数指令値ωrefと推定同期周波数ωsとの偏差から、内部相差角θを算出する。具体的には、減算器63は、周波数指令値ωrefと推定同期周波数ωsとの偏差を算出する。減算器63の次段に設けられる積分器64は、この偏差を積分し、内部相差角θとして出力する。なお、本実施形態においては、周波数指令値ωrefと推定同期周波数ωsとを用いて周波数で比較する構成としているが、角速度(単位:rad/sec)、回転数(単位:1/sec)または回転速度(単位:rpm)等で比較する構成としてもよい。角速度、回転数および回転速度は、本発明において、周波数と等価な概念である。
図6Aは図1Aの制御ブロックにおいて、電流指令値演算部70の演算回路を示すブロック図である。図6Aに示すように、電流指令値演算部70において、内部起電圧指令値Ef、内部相差角θ、電圧Vd、Vqは関数演算器72に入力される。関数演算器72は、下記式の演算を行い、電流指令値Id_ref、Iq_refを電力変換装置制御部16に出力する。
電力変換装置制御部16には電圧・周波数・位相演算部14で算出された推定位相φ’と、電流演算部13で算出された電流Id,Iqと、電流指令値演算部70で算出された電流指令値Id_ref、Iq_refとが入力される。電力変換装置制御部16は、電力変換回路6の出力電流が電流指令値演算部70で算出された電流指令値となるようなゲート駆動信号20を出力する。
(1)制御方式の切替を行うことなく、自立電源系統と陸上の商用電力系統との連系が可能となる。また、自立電源系統において、燃料電池発電設備と二次電池を用いた蓄電設備との連系が可能である。さらには、燃料電池発電設備と蓄電設備はそれぞれ自律的に制御することができ、設備構成の変更および追加が容易となる。
(2)自立電源系統において急激な負荷変動により燃料電池が損傷することを防止する。
(3)自立電源系統において適正な電源品質を確保することが可能となる。
図9A、図9B、図9C、及び図9Dに船内電源が蓄電設備111のみの場合において、負荷変動が生じたときのシミュレーション結果を示す。ここで、図9Aは本発明に係る複合発電システム向け電力変換装置を2台設けて並列運転した場合の系統電圧のシミュレーション試験結果を示す図である。図9Bは本発明に係る複合発電システム向け電力変換装置を2台設けて並列運転した場合の系統周波数のシミュレーション試験結果を示す図である。図9Cは本発明に係る複合発電システム向け電力変換装置を2台設けて並列運転した場合の有効電力のシミュレーション試験結果を示す図である。図9Dは本発明に係る複合発電システム向け電力変換装置を2台設けて並列運転した場合の無効電力のシミュレーション試験結果を示す図である。なお、図9Cにおいて、(i)は負荷有効電力、(ii)は2台の電力変換装置のうち一方の有効電力、(iii)は2台の電力変換装置のうち他方の有効電力を表している。また、図9Dにおいて、(i)は負荷無効電力、(ii)は2台の電力変換装置のうち一方の無効電力、(iii)は2台の電力変換装置のうち他方の無効電力を表している。
・燃料電池発電設備121は停止しており、電力変換装置106a、106bを並列運転している。電力指令値はいずれの電力変換装置106も当初0kW、0kVarである。
・周波数および電圧のドループ設定は、3台の燃料電池発電設備121および2台の電力変換装置106のいずれも5%である。
・1秒の時点で船内負荷が40kW、30kVarから120kW、90kVarに増加している。
・2秒の時点で、電力変換装置106aの有効電力指令値が120kWに変化している。さらに、3秒の時点で電力変換装置106aの無効電力指令値が90kVarに変化している。
・燃料電池発電設備121と1台の蓄電設備111aの電力変換装置106aとを並列運転している。電力変換装置106aの電力指令値は当初0kW、0kVarである。
・周波数および電圧のドループ設定は、3台の燃料電池発電設備121および2台の電力変換装置106のいずれも5%である。
・1秒の時点で負荷が40kW、30kVarから120kW、90kVarに増加している。
・2秒の時点で、電力変換装置106aの有効電力指令値が120kWに変化している。さらに、3秒の時点で電力変換装置106aの無効電力指令値が90kVarに変化している。
燃料電池発電設備の代わりに、他のタイプの発電設備であっても、同様に電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システムを構築することができる。例えば、発電設備として図11に示すバイナリー発電装置を適用してもよい。
3 電流検出器
4 電圧検出器
5 二次電池
6 二次電池電力変換回路
7 直流電力ライン
8 フィルタリアクトル
11 二次電池システム制御装置(第1システム制御装置)
13 電流演算部
14 電圧・周波数・位相演算部
15 有効・無効電力演算部
16 電力変換装置制御部
17 電池状態検出器
18 二次電池監視装置
20 ゲート駆動信号(PWM信号)
21 配線
22 配線
23 配線
30 αβ変換器
31 PLL演算回路
32 位相比較器
34 ループフィルタ
35 積分器
36 sin変換器
37 cos変換器
40 周波数指令値演算部
43 減算器
44 比例制御器
45 一次遅れ演算器
46 上下限リミッタ
47 加算器
50 内部起電圧指令値演算部
53 減算器
54 比例制御器
55 一次遅れ演算器
56 上下限リミッタ
57 加算器
58 関数演算器
60 内部相差角演算部
63 減算器
64 積分器
70 電流指令値演算部
72 関数演算器
83 減算器
84 不感帯演算器
85 積分制御器
86 有効電力指令値演算部
93 減算器
94 比例制御器
95 上下限設定器
96 有効電力指令値演算部
100 船内電源系統
102 船内電力負荷
103 太陽電池ユニット
104 電力変換器
105 二次電池
106 二次電池電力変換装置
107 ディーゼル発電機
108 バウスラスタ
110 太陽光発電機
111 蓄電設備
115 商用電力系統
116 遮断器
121 燃料電池発電設備
122 燃料電池
123 燃料電池電力変換装置
124 燃料電池システム制御装置
125 燃料電池電力変換回路
126 電圧検出器
127 ゲート駆動信号
131 バイナリー発電設備
140 熱源
141 温水ポンプ
142 蒸発器
143 予熱器
145 タービン
146 凝縮器
147 タンク
148 熱媒体ポンプ
150 冷却水ポンプ
151 冷却塔
152 発電機
153 交流-直流変換回路
154 直流-交流変換回路
155 交流電力系統(島内電力系統)
Claims (13)
- 蓄電デバイスと蓄電デバイスに接続された第1電力変換器とを有する蓄電設備と、発電装置と前記発電装置に接続され前記発電装置の電力を所定の交流電力に変換する第2電力変換器とを有する発電設備と、を含む電源系統において、前記電源系統の電圧を計測する電圧計測器と、前記電源系統の周波数を取得する周波数取得器とを含む、電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システムであって、
前記第1電力変換器の出力端における有効電力および無効電力を得るための値を計測する第1計測器と、
前記第1電力変換器を制御する第1システム制御装置と、
前記第2電力変換器の出力端における有効電力および無効電力を得るための値を計測する第2計測器と、
前記第2電力変換器を制御する第2システム制御装置と、を有し、
前記第1システム制御装置は、
前記蓄電デバイスのSOCと前記蓄電デバイスのSOC指令値との偏差を比例演算して、第1有効電力指令値を算出する第1有効電力指令値演算部と、
前記第1有効電力指令値と前記第1計測器で計測された値に基づいて得られる有効電力との偏差を比例演算する第1の比例演算器と、当該第1の比例演算器の出力に基準周波数を加算して第1周波数指令値を算出する第1の加算器とを有する第1周波数指令値演算部と、
前記第1周波数指令値と前記周波数取得器で取得された周波数との偏差を積分して第1内部相差角を算出する第1内部相差角演算部と、
第1無効電力指令値と前記第1計測器で計測された値に基づいて得られる無効電力との偏差を比例演算する第2の比例演算器と、当該第2の比例演算器の出力に基準電圧を加算して第1内部起電圧指令値を算出する第2の加算器とを有する第1内部起電圧指令値演算部と、
前記第1内部相差角と、前記第1内部起電圧指令値と、前記電圧計測器で計測された電圧とから、前記第1電力変換器の出力電流の指令値を算出する第1電流指令値演算部と、を備え、
前記第1電流指令値演算部の出力に基づき前記第1電力変換器を制御するよう構成され、
前記第2システム制御装置は、
前記周波数取得器で取得された周波数と周波数指令値との偏差を積分して、第2有効電力指令値を算出する第2有効電力指令値演算部と、
前記第2有効電力指令値と前記第2計測器で計測された値に基づいて得られる有効電力との偏差を比例演算する第3の比例演算器と、当該第3の比例演算器の出力に基準周波数を加算して第2周波数指令値を算出する第3の加算器とを有する第2周波数指令値演算部と、
前記第2周波数指令値と前記周波数取得器で取得された周波数との偏差を積分して第2内部相差角を算出する第2内部相差角演算部と、
第2無効電力指令値と前記第2計測器で計測された値に基づいて得られる無効電力との偏差を比例演算する第4の比例演算器と、当該第4の比例演算器の出力に基準電圧を加算して第2内部起電圧指令値を算出する第4の加算器とを有する第2内部起電圧指令値演算部と、
前記第2内部相差角と、前記第2内部起電圧指令値と、前記電圧計測器で計測された電圧とから、前記第2電力変換器の出力電流の指令値を算出する第2電流指令値演算部と、を備え、
前記第2電流指令値演算部の出力に基づき前記第2電力変換器を制御するよう構成される、電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。 - 前記第1内部起電圧指令値演算部は、前記第2の加算器の出力から、前記蓄電設備の内部インピーダンスと、前記蓄電設備と前記電源系統との間の外部インピーダンスとの和である第1総合インピーダンスによる電圧降下を差し引いて、前記第1内部起電圧指令値を求めるよう構成され、
前記第2内部起電圧指令値演算部は、前記第4の加算器の出力から、前記燃料電池発電設備の内部インピーダンスと、前記燃料電池発電設備と前記電源系統との間の外部インピーダンスとの和である第2総合インピーダンスによる電圧降下を差し引いて、前記第2内部起電圧指令値を求めるよう構成される、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。 - 前記第1電流指令値演算部は、前記電圧計測器により計測された電圧を有する電源と、前記第1内部起電圧指令値で示される電圧を有する電源との間に、前記第1総合インピーダンスが接続された場合に、前記第1総合インピーダンスに流れる電流値を出力するように構成され、
前記第2電流指令値演算部は、前記電圧計測器により計測された電圧を有する電源と、前記第2内部起電圧指令値で示される電圧を有する電源との間に、前記第2総合インピーダンスが接続された場合に、前記第2総合インピーダンスに流れる電流値を出力するように構成される、請求項1または2に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。 - 前記第1内部起電圧指令値演算部、前記第2内部起電圧指令値演算部、前記第1電流指令値演算部および前記第2電流指令値演算部のそれぞれの出力は、前記蓄電設備の内部インピーダンスの値を実際の値より大きく設定して、算定されるように構成される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。
- 前記電圧計測器および前記周波数取得器は、
前記電源系統の電圧を計測する電圧計と、
前記電圧計の出力を位相同期演算するPLL演算部と、を有し、
前記電圧計の出力から前記電源系統の電圧を演算するとともに、前記PLL演算部の出力から前記電源系統の周波数及び位相を演算するように構成される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。 - 前記第1電力計測器は、
前記電源系統の電圧を計測する電圧計と、
前記電圧計の出力を位相同期演算するPLL演算部と、
前記蓄電設備の出力電流を計測する電流計と、を有し、
前記電流計の出力と、前記PLL演算部で算出された電圧とから、前記第1電力計測器の有効電力及び無効電力を算出するように構成され、
前記第2電力計測器は、
前記電源系統の電圧を計測する電圧計と、
前記電圧計の出力を位相同期演算するPLL演算部と、
前記燃料電池発電設備の出力電流を計測する電流計と、を有し、
前記電流計の出力と、前記PLL演算部で算出された電圧とから、前記第2電力計測器の有効電力及び無効電力を算出するように構成される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。 - 前記第1の比例演算器と前記第1の加算器との間に設けられた第1の時間遅れ演算器と、
前記第2の比例演算器と前記第2の加算器との間に設けられた第2の時間遅れ演算器と、
前記第3の比例演算器と前記第3の加算器との間に設けられた第3の時間遅れ演算器と、
前記第4の比例演算器と前記第4の加算器との間に設けられた第4の時間遅れ演算器とを備えた、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。 - 前記第1の時間遅れ演算器における時間遅れは、前記第3の時間遅れ演算器における時間遅れよりも大きいように構成される、請求項7に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。
- 前記発電装置は、燃料電池であり、
前記第2電力変換器は、前記燃料電池の直流電力を交流電力に変換するように構成される、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。 - 前記発電装置は、バイナリー発電装置であり、
前記発電設備は、前記バイナリー発電装置と、前記バイナリー発電装置の交流電力を直流電力に変換する交流-直流変換器と、前記交流-直流変換器の直流電力を交流電力に変換する前記第2電力変換器とを有する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。 - 前記電源系統は、原動機発電機および自然エネルギーを利用した発電機を接続してなる自立電源系統である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。
- 前記電源系統は、前記蓄電設備を複数接続してなる自立電源系統である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。
- 前記電源系統は、商用の電力系統が遮断器を介して接続可能に構成されている、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置を備えた複合発電システム。
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US20150357820A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
US9698603B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
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EP2940826A4 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
JP5957094B2 (ja) | 2016-07-27 |
KR20150053794A (ko) | 2015-05-18 |
JPWO2014103192A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
EP2940826B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
KR101699410B1 (ko) | 2017-01-24 |
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