WO2014101496A1 - 基于可见光通信的移动支付 - Google Patents
基于可见光通信的移动支付 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014101496A1 WO2014101496A1 PCT/CN2013/084076 CN2013084076W WO2014101496A1 WO 2014101496 A1 WO2014101496 A1 WO 2014101496A1 CN 2013084076 W CN2013084076 W CN 2013084076W WO 2014101496 A1 WO2014101496 A1 WO 2014101496A1
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- Prior art keywords
- payment
- user equipment
- payment terminal
- user
- unit
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/32—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
- G06Q20/327—Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
- H04B10/116—Visible light communication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to wireless communications, and in particular to mobile payment methods, devices and systems based on visible light communications.
- NFC Near Field Communication
- RFID Radio Frequency Identification
- both the 13.56MHz low-frequency channel on which NFC is based and the 2.4GHz high-frequency channel on which RFSIM is based are diffuse fading channels. The information of this channel is easier to intercept and crack at the same frequency. Security to mobile payments and mobile accounts.
- a user equipment for making a payment based on visible light communication.
- the user equipment includes a payment information storage unit, a visible light emitting unit, and a control unit.
- the payment information storage unit stores payment information related to the user identity or account.
- the visible light emitting unit includes a coding and modulation module, a light source, and a light source driving module.
- the encoding and modulation module encodes and modulates the information, and the light source driving module drives the light source to emit light according to the modulated information.
- the control unit activates the visible light transmitting unit to transmit the payment information to the payment terminal.
- a payment terminal that performs payment of a user equipment based on visible light communication.
- the payment terminal includes a visible light receiving unit, a network interface unit, and a control unit.
- the visible light receiving unit includes a photoelectric conversion module and a demodulation and decoding module.
- the optoelectronic conversion module receives the optical signal containing the information and converts it into an electrical signal, and the demodulation and decoding module demodulates and decodes the electrical signal to recover the information.
- the network interface unit is connected to the payment center.
- the control unit activates the visible light receiving unit to receive payment information related to the user identity or account of the user equipment from the user equipment, and provides the payment information to the payment center through the network interface unit and receives from the payment center through the network interface unit whether the transaction is successful. Message.
- a payment based on visible light communication in a user equipment The law.
- the method includes the steps of: activating a visible light emitting unit; and transmitting payment information related to a user identity or an account stored in the user equipment to the payment terminal through the visible light transmitting unit.
- the transmitting step includes encoding and modulating the payment information and driving the light source to emit light according to the modulated information.
- a method of performing payment of a user equipment based on visible light communication in a payment terminal includes: activating a visible light receiving unit; receiving, by the visible light receiving unit, payment information related to a user identity or an account of the user equipment from the user equipment; providing the payment information to a payment center; and receiving, from the payment center, whether the transaction is successful Message.
- the step of receiving payment information includes: receiving an optical signal including the payment information and converting it into an electrical signal; and demodulating and decoding the electrical signal to recover the payment information.
- a system for supporting payment of a user equipment comprising a user equipment as described above, a payment terminal as described above, and a payment center.
- FIG. 1 exemplarily depicts a schematic diagram of a mobile payment system 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 exemplarily depicts a user equipment 200 that performs payment based on visible light communication, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 exemplarily depicts a block diagram of a payment terminal 300 for performing payment of user equipment based on visible light communication, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are schematic diagrams of a scene model of visible light communication between a user equipment and a payment terminal
- FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional modeling of a channel
- FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram of a state space surface obtained by simulation.
- 5A-5D are schematic diagrams of H (0) contour lines obtained by simulating in different radiation normal directions.
- 6A exemplarily illustrates a schematic diagram of interaction between a user equipment, a payment terminal, and a payment center in a simplex mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 6B exemplarily illustrates a schematic diagram of interaction between a user equipment, a payment terminal, and a payment center in a duplex mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a superframe of an IEEE 802.15 7 medium access control (MAC) layer
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a random access procedure
- a schematic flow chart of a method 900 for making a payment based on visible light communication in a user equipment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and
- Figure 10 is a schematic flow diagram of a method 1000 of performing payment by a user equipment based on visible light communication in a payment terminal, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention can also be implemented in hardware and/or software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.). Still further, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product on a computer usable or computer readable storage medium having computer usable or computer readable program code embodied in a medium for use by an instruction execution system or Used in conjunction with the instruction execution system.
- a computer usable or computer readable medium can be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, communicate, or transport a program for use by the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, Used by the device or device.
- Visible light communication is a wireless communication technology, and its standard is in IEEE 802. 15. 7-2011 (IEEE Standard for Local and Metropol itan area Networks- Part 15. 7 : Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication Using Vi sual Li ght Http : //standards, i eee. org/geti eee802/ get) defined.
- the visible spectrum ranges from 380 nm to 780 nm.
- Mi does not depict a schematic diagram of a mobile payment system loo according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the user equipment 200 is a device that is owned or controlled by the user and can pay the amount of consumption. It can be any device with lighting capability and data processing capability, such as portable devices such as smart phones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs). Equipment, which can also be household appliances, or even cars (such as in the case of payments when the car enters and exits the garage).
- the payment terminal 300 is a terminal that is owned or controlled by the merchant and can perform a transaction request such as charging the user for the amount of consumption, such as a POS machine of the merchant, a credit card device of the bus or the subway, and the like.
- the user device 200 can transmit the payment information of the user to the payment terminal 300 through visible light communication, and the latter can be connected to the payment center 400 by various means such as wired or wireless and forward the payment information of the user to the payment center 400.
- the payment center 400 can be a payment platform maintained by a mobile operator, a bank or a third party or jointly maintained by them, which is capable of operating a user account in accordance with the transaction.
- FIG. 2 exemplarily depicts a block diagram of a user device 200 for making payments based on visible light communication, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the user equipment 200 in Fig. 2 includes a payment information storage unit 210 for storing payment information related to a user account.
- the storage unit may be, for example, a storage device of the user equipment 200 itself, such as a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM) provided by the smart phone, or may be an external storage accessory, such as a secure digital number equipped with a smart phone. (SD) card or Customer Identity Module (SIM) card.
- SD read-only memory
- SIM Customer Identity Module
- Such payment information may be, for example, a corresponding sequence of numbers such as the identity of the user or an account number.
- the stored payment information can be encrypted for added security.
- the encryption method may use a symmetric encryption algorithm such as DES or RC4 or an asymmetric encryption algorithm such as RSA.
- the user equipment 200 also includes a visible light emitting unit 220 that is capable of transmitting information in accordance with a visible light communication technique as defined, for example, in IEEE 802. 15. 7-2011.
- the visible light emitting unit 220 includes a coding and modulation module 221, a light source driving module 222, and a light source 223.
- the coding and modulation module 221 encodes and modulates the information.
- the coding and modulation methods are primarily dependent on the transmission rate requirements.
- the light source driving module 222 drives the light source 223 to emit light based on the modulated information.
- an existing light-emitting device such as a screen can be used as a light source, such as an LED screen or an LED camera fill light, etc., and the encoding and modulation, the light source driving can also use the existing processor to run the driver. to realise.
- NFC, SIMPASS, etc. are used for low-frequency antennas.
- the drawback of NFC is that it must be built into the user equipment. Therefore, such user equipment must be purchased for use, and SMPASS has problems such as difficulty in installation and easy breakage.
- the use of high-frequency antennas with RFID CARD or RFS tops, this design will result in different penetration of electromagnetic waves for different locations, so it needs to be calibrated one by one.
- the user equipment can use the visible light communication to perform mobile payment without changing the hardware, thereby saving the cost of replacement or modification and facilitating the movement.
- ⁇ "First and then TO;”.
- the distance of travel with visible light in the air is farther than that of the radio frequency, it is possible to solve the transmission problems of the short distance and the medium and long distance at the same time.
- visible light can travel a long distance, due to the principle of linear propagation of light, communication is interrupted once the transmission path is blocked, that is, communication is highly directional, and thus has higher security than radio frequency.
- the user can perform visible light communication between the user equipment and the payment terminal within a line of sight (l ine-of-si ght) without fear of being eavesdropped by others. Due to this inherently high security of visible light communication, the payment information stored in the user device can be relatively simplely encrypted or even not encrypted, thereby reducing the complexity of implementing mobile payment.
- traditional devices composed of RF devices may introduce board-level electromagnetic interference due to resonance, affect signal quality, or cause low-cost and miniaturization of devices due to shielding requirements.
- strong electromagnetic radiation is added to affect human health.
- the user equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention does not need to install an antenna, nor does it introduce additional electromagnetic wave radiation, and the visible light wave used does not harm the human body.
- the user equipment 200 also includes a control unit 230 that can activate the visible light transmitting unit 220 to transmit the payment information to the payment terminal.
- the control unit 230 can be implemented, for example, by an application running on a smartphone's operating system (such as IOS or Android), such as an application for mobile payment.
- Control unit 230 can activate visible light emitting unit 220 in response to receiving input from a user.
- the user's input is, for example, a user pressing a mechanical or virtual key/button on the interface displayed by the application, or making a specific gesture on the touch screen.
- the control unit 230 can also activate the visible light emitting unit 220 in accordance with the position of the user equipment.
- control unit 230 may know the location information of the user equipment from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver of the user equipment, and activate the visible light emitting unit when it is found that the user equipment is located in some places such as shops, stations, etc. where payment may be required. 220, thereby eliminating the user's manual input and improving convenience.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- the visible light emitting unit may be activated according to the user identity. Such user identification is performed, for example, by detecting a password entered by the user on a mechanical or virtual keyboard of the user device, or may be performed in other manners.
- current user equipments are often installed with voice recognition applications, so the user's voice input can be detected to identify the user's identity, and the visible light emitting unit is activated when the detection result matches the preset content.
- User equipment is often equipped with sensors such as accelerometers, gravity sensing sensors, distance sensors, and touch screens, so that it can detect specific motion patterns of the user equipment (eg, flipping the user equipment) or specific gestures made by the user on the user equipment.
- the visible light emitting unit 220 is activated.
- the user's biometrics such as faces, fingerprints, irises, etc., can be detected to identify the user's identity to activate the visible light emitting unit 220.
- the user equipment 200 may further include a scrambling unit (not shown) for channel scrambling the payment information to obtain level equalization.
- the user equipment 200 may further include an ambient light detecting unit 240 for detecting ambient light intensity.
- the control unit 230 may activate the ambient light detecting unit 240, and control the light source driving module 222 to adjust the light emitting intensity of the light source 223 according to the detection result. For example, a lower luminous intensity can be used in an indoor environment where ambient light is weak, and a higher luminous intensity can be used in an outdoor environment where ambient light is strong.
- the ambient light detecting unit 240 may be activated by a user's input or may be activated according to, for example, a distance between the user device 200 and the payment terminal 300.
- This distance can be determined, for example, by the distance sensor of the user equipment. When the distance is long, the quality of the signal received by the payment terminal 300 may be deteriorated. ⁇ , ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ ', " ⁇ ® « ⁇ 5 ⁇ " ⁇ is important, so the ambient light detecting unit 240 can be activated to adjust the luminous intensity.
- the user equipment 200 can operate in simplex mode for mobile payment, gp, and only send information to the payment terminal.
- user device 200 can also operate in duplex mode for mobile payment.
- the user equipment 200 also includes a receiving unit 250 for receiving messages sent by the payment terminal 300.
- the receiving unit 250 may be a visible light receiving unit similar to that described later in connection with FIG. 3.
- a camera may be used as a photoelectric conversion module, and an optical signal including a message sent by the payment terminal 300 is converted into an electrical signal, and then the power is turned on. Signal demodulation and decoding to recover the message.
- the receiving unit 250 can also receive messages from the payment terminal 300 using other communication technologies, such as Bluetooth, infrared, cellular networks (such as Global System for Communications (GSM)), and Wi fi (IEEE 802.11 series).
- the user equipment 200 may also receive a message indicating the signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal from the payment terminal 300, and the control unit may control the light source driving module to adjust the illumination intensity of the light source according to the message indicating the signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal.
- GSM Global System for Communications
- IEEE 802.11 series IEEE 802.11 series
- FIG. 3 exemplarily depicts a block diagram of a payment terminal 300 that performs payment of user equipment based on visible light communication, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the payment terminal 300 includes a visible light receiving unit 310 that is capable of receiving information according to a visible light communication technique as defined in, for example, IEEE 802. 15. 7-2011.
- the visible light receiving unit 310 includes a photoelectric conversion module 311 and a demodulation and decoding module 312.
- the photoelectric conversion module 311 includes, for example, a camera of a smartphone for receiving an optical signal containing information and converting it into an electrical signal.
- Demodulation and decoding module 312 demodulates and decodes the electrical signal to recover the information.
- the payment terminal also includes a network interface unit 320 that can be coupled to the payment center in a variety of manners, such as wired or wireless.
- the payment terminal 300 also includes a control unit 330.
- the control unit 330 activates the visible light receiving unit 320 to receive payment information related to the user identity or account of the user equipment from the user equipment, provides the payment information to the payment center through the network interface unit, and receives from the payment center through the network interface unit whether the transaction is successful. Message.
- the control unit 330 may activate the visible light receiving unit 320 when an operator of the payment terminal 300 or a cash register machine connected thereto inputs a command such as a payment request.
- the payment terminal 300 may further include a gain adjustment unit 340 for adjusting the receiving gain of the photoelectric conversion module 311. Such gain adjustment can be achieved, for example, by controlling the bias voltage of the photoelectric conversion module to change the sensitivity of its light sensing device, thereby increasing the received signal strength at the payment terminal.
- the control unit 330 may activate the gain adjustment unit 340 according to an input of the operator (such as pressing a certain button), or may activate the gain adjustment unit 340 according to the distance between the payment terminal and the user equipment, or may also The gain adjustment unit 340 is activated in accordance with the signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal. In this way, better communication quality can be obtained even in a poor visible light communication environment or at a medium to long distance.
- the payment terminal 300 may further include a check unit (not shown) for checking the received information and generating a prompt signal (such as a sound or an optical signal) when the check is in error.
- the payment terminal 300 may further include a descrambling unit (not shown) for channel descrambling the payment information if it is scrambled by the user equipment.
- a descrambling unit (not shown) for channel descrambling the payment information if it is scrambled by the user equipment.
- the factory IX food zOO is similar, and the payment terminal 300 can also work in the simplex mode and the duplex mode. In the simplex mode, the payment terminal 300 only receives information from the user equipment. In the duplex mode, the payment terminal 300 also includes a transmitting unit 350 for transmitting a message to the user equipment 200.
- the receiving unit 350 may be a visible light emitting unit similar to that described above in connection with FIG. 2, and other communication technologies such as Bluetooth, infrared, cellular, and Wi fi may also be used.
- the payment terminal 300 may also send a message indicating the signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal to the user equipment 200, thereby facilitating the latter to control the light source driving module accordingly to adjust the luminous intensity of the light source.
- the interaction process between the user equipment 200 and the payment terminal 300 in the two modes will be described in detail later.
- payment terminal 300 may also include a drive mechanism 360, such as a micro-motor, for driving the payment terminal to rotate about a fixed point.
- the control unit 330 can control the drive mechanism 360 to adjust the angle of the payment terminal relative to the user equipment to achieve better performance.
- it is proposed to control the drive mechanism 360 in a manner of fuzzy adaptive control based on the signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal. The following is a brief description of how it works.
- 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams of a scene model of visible light communication between a user equipment and a payment terminal.
- the user equipment is the sender and the payment terminal (PE) is the receiver.
- the PE is the sender and the UE is the receiver.
- the radiation model of the optical device is mostly approximated by the Lambertian model, m is the Lambertian order, which is the half power angle of the light-emitting device, that is, the luminous intensity becomes the central intensity.
- the drive mechanism can be rotated to adjust the angle as shown.
- d represents the distance from the light source to the receiving end of the photoelectric conversion module (called the receiving front end)
- the radiation angle represents the angle between the radiation normal and the line of sight link
- the receiving angle represents the angle between the receiving normal and the line of sight link.
- the link characteristics are line-of-sight links (ie, the received light is not entered by specular or diffuse reflection)
- only the DC gain H (0) of the channel impulse response h (t) is usually considered.
- the received optical power of the channel can be expressed as -
- W is the transmitted optical power.
- the spectral distribution function, R is the transmittance function, which is assumed in the following discussion to be optimized), in which the system has linear steady-state characteristics, assuming visible light propagation. It has isotropic properties in all media passing through.
- ⁇ ⁇ W W three-dimensional modeling diagram, Figure 4D is a schematic diagram of the state space surface obtained by simulation. As shown in FIG.
- the channel is three-dimensionally modeled, and the origin of the three-dimensional coordinate system is 0, the front end position is R, the intermediate joint position of the driving mechanism in FIG. 4A is P, and the YOZ plane is a reference plane (may be For the horizontal or ground plane, the R point is projected perpendicularly to the Y0Z reference plane to obtain R', and the P point is projected perpendicularly to the Y0Z reference plane.
- the P X0Y plane is enclosed by ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ is the radiation normal tensor, which is the line-of-sight link direction tensor, d is the line-of-sight link length, and h is the P point from the reference plane. Height, in real scene , ", respectively, the integral angular displacement of ⁇ " ⁇ in Figure 4A, to obtain the acceptance angle expression -
- H (0) in the middle when the value is negative, it means that it is impossible to receive the signal.
- the value when the value is positive, the larger the value, the stronger the transmission gain of the channel, that is, the equivalent transmit power, background noise and channel interference. The stronger the signal to noise ratio is. [xt, yt, zt] represents a radiation normal direction vector.
- the direction of the radiation normal may depend on the orientation of the user equipment, and it is impossible to require a very accurate and stable pointing tensor, so the following radiation normal tensor is used to simulate based on the model:
- Fig. 5 ⁇ -Fig. 5D is a schematic diagram of the ⁇ (0) contour line obtained by simulating in different radial directions. They can be viewed as a top view of Figure 4C, where the value on each contour is the value at which ⁇ (0) is located.
- the fuzzy control overall control target is to improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end. It can include multiple closed-loop subsystems. After photoelectric conversion, the current ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) 33 ⁇ ) is used as a negative feedback for observation and with no main The noise floor of the signal is estimated by the signal-to-noise ratio, and the error vector is calculated from the reference signal of the signal-to-noise ratio.
- the receive gain adjustment unit can be activated until the open condition is met, and the error vector and the error vector variation are fed into the two-dimensional fuzzy control subsystem, which continues to operate. Firstly, the error vector and the variation of the error vector are fuzzified into the subdivision domain. The more common methods of fuzzification are fuzzy number method, Zhade method and horse.
- FIG. 6A exemplarily A schematic diagram of interaction between a user equipment, a payment terminal, and a payment center in a simplex mode according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted.
- the simplex mode as shown in Figure 6A can typically be applied to online transactions.
- the user equipment transmits the beacon frame as shown in FIG. 7 in the form of a broadcast, and transmits the payment information following the beacon frame on the same channel in the form of a broadcast.
- the payment terminal scans and listens to the visible channel, when the beacon is detected The information of the target frame is synchronized, and then the payment information is received without establishing a channel connection with the user equipment.
- the payment terminal then sends the payment information to the payment center via the network interface unit, which authenticates the identity or account of the user, performs a chargeback operation on the user's account if the verification is successful, and sends a message to the payment terminal indicating that the transaction was successful.
- the payment terminal cannot forward the transaction success message to the user equipment in the simplex mode, but the user can know the transaction success by other means.
- the payment center can notify the transaction success by sending a short message to the user's mobile phone, or the payment terminal can send the user to the user. Shows the transaction successful and prints the transaction credentials.
- Figure 6B exemplarily illustrates a schematic diagram of user equipment, payment terminal, and payment center interaction in duplex mode, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the duplex mode as shown in Fig. 6B can be typically applied to the case of offline transactions, such as where a mobile phone is used to pay for a bus ticket.
- the user equipment transmits a beacon frame payment terminal as shown in FIG. 7 to scan and listen to the visible channel in a broadcast form. After detecting the beacon frame, it uses the information of the beacon frame to obtain synchronization. Sending a response (ACK) to the user equipment through the transmitting unit, thereby establishing a channel connection with the user equipment.
- Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary random access procedure for establishing a channel connection, which will be further described later. For security reasons, mutual authentication between the user equipment and the payment terminal can be added during the establishment of the connection.
- the user equipment can transmit the payment information to the payment terminal over the established channel connection.
- the payment terminal may debit the payment without going through the payment center, and send a message indicating that the transaction is successful to the user equipment through the transmitting unit.
- the user equipment updates the payment information stored in the user equipment according to this, for example, the account amount is subtracted from the corresponding amount.
- the payment terminal may upload the transaction data to the payment center in batches when the network connection is resumed, for example, when the payment center resumes the network connection, and the payment center records the corresponding transaction and updates the user's account data, thereby being consistent with the information stored in the user equipment. The response is then returned to the payment terminal.
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a superframe of the I EEE 802. 15. 7 MAC layer. As shown in the figure, it includes two parts: active (act i ve ) and inactive (inac ti ve ). When the active part of the transceiver module is powered on and works normally, the partial transceiver module is powered off or enters sleep. Mode, the length of the superframe itself and the ratio of active to inactive parts depend on packet length and power saving requirements.
- the active part is composed of several basic frames, as shown in Figure 7, a total of 16 basic frames, all of which have the same data structure, for example, there are control words at the frame header to indicate which type of frame the basic frame is. Whether it is a beacon frame, a CAP frame, or a CFP frame; whether the frame is encrypted; whether the frame requires ACK; whether the frame is source address mode addressing or destination address mode addressing. At the end of the frame, there is a frame detection sequence (FCS) to determine if the frame is erroneous.
- FCS frame detection sequence
- the beacon frame is mainly used for network detection and frame structure confirmation during the access process, and provides data for the self-synchronization clock recovery of the data clock recovery module (CDR) at the receiving end.
- CDR data clock recovery module
- CAP phase multiple users are allowed to apply for random access, and address allocation is performed on a first-come, first-served basis. Then, in each dedicated time slot (GTS) of the CFP phase, only one user of the corresponding address is allowed to communicate.
- GTS dedicated time slot
- P2P point-to-point
- only one user is allowed to access at a time, and all subsequent communication time slots are allocated to the access. Mr, the new access request during the right-to-home communication will be considered illegal access and rejected, while interrupting or protecting the current communication.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram exemplarily illustrating a random access procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the visible light receiving unit and the control unit of the payment terminal will enter the random access state after the power-on initialization or the last data communication is completed, and the access times NB and the driving mechanism adjustment times N will be cleared, and the payment terminal performs the beacon frame.
- Search and superframe boundary scan Once the beacon frame and superframe boundary sent by the user equipment are found, it will jump to the CDR clock recovery and access delay setting state, otherwise the search will continue.
- the channel occupancy evaluation (CCA) process is directly entered to determine whether the channel is occupied. If the channel is occupied at this time, it will be recorded as an unsuccessful access.
- CCA channel occupancy evaluation
- FIG. 9 is a schematic flow diagram of a method 900 of making a payment based on visible light communication in a user equipment in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- step S910 the visible light emitting unit is activated.
- step S920 payment information related to the user identity or account stored in the user equipment is transmitted to the payment terminal through the visible light transmitting unit.
- Step S920 includes encoding and modulating the payment information (S921), and driving the light source to emit light according to the modulated information (S922).
- Step S920 may also include channel scrambling the payment information to obtain level equalization.
- Step S910 may include activating visible light-based communication in response to receiving an input from a user, or according to a location of the user device, or according to a user identification, wherein the user identification is performed by detecting at least one of: the user is at the user The password entered on the device's keyboard; the user's voice input; the user's specific motion mode; the user's specific gestures made on the user's device; and the user's biometrics.
- S920 can also include detecting ambient light intensity and adjusting the illumination intensity of the light source according to the detection result.
- the step of detecting ambient light intensity includes detecting ambient light intensity in response to at least one of: a user's input; and a distance between the user device and the payment terminal.
- Step S920 may also include transmitting the payment information in the form of a broadcast following the beacon frame.
- the method 900 can also include receiving a message sent by the payment terminal, wherein the message can include a message indicating whether the transaction was successful, and the method 900 can further include updating the stored in the user device based on the message indicating whether the transaction was successful Payment Information.
- the message sent by the payment terminal may also include a message indicating the signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal, and the method 900 may further include adjusting the illumination intensity of the light source based on the message indicating the signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal.
- Step S920 may also include establishing a connection between the user equipment and the payment terminal, and transmitting the payment information through the established connection. Establishing a connection can include passing visible light 3, "flat"; angry 1 frame, and the response of the receiving payment terminal.
- Figure 10 is a schematic flow diagram of a method 1000 of performing payment by a user equipment based on visible light communication in a payment terminal, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- step S1010 the visible light receiving unit is activated.
- step S1020 payment information related to the user identity or account of the user device is received from the user device through the visible light receiving unit.
- step S1030 the payment information is provided to the payment center, and in step S1040, a message indicating whether the transaction is successful is received from the payment center.
- Step S1020 includes receiving an optical signal containing the payment information and converting it into an electrical signal, and demodulating and decoding the electrical signal to recover the payment information.
- Step S1020 may also include channel descrambling the payment information if it is scrambled.
- the method 1000 can also include transmitting, to the user equipment, a message indicating whether the transaction was successful in response to receiving the message indicating whether the transaction was successful from the payment center.
- Step S1020 may also include adjusting the receive gain of the photoelectric conversion.
- the adjusting step can include adjusting a receive gain of the photoelectric conversion in response to at least one of: an operator input; a distance between the payment terminal and the user equipment; and a signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal.
- Method 1000 can also include transmitting a message indicating a signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal to the user equipment.
- Step S1020 may also include receiving the payment information that is transmitted by the user equipment in the form of a broadcast that follows the beacon frame.
- Step S1020 may also include establishing a connection between the payment terminal and the user device, and receiving payment information through the established connection.
- Establishing the connection may include receiving, by the visible light receiving unit, a beacon frame broadcast by the user equipment, and transmitting a response to the user equipment.
- Step S1020 may also include verifying the received information and generating a prompt signal when the verification is in error.
- Method 1000 can also include driving the payment terminal to rotate about a fixed point. The driving step may include adjusting the angle of the payment terminal relative to the user device in a manner of fuzzy adaptive control according to a signal to noise ratio at the payment terminal.
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LU100840B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-30 | Marc Fleschen | Dispositifs et procédé sécurisés de paiement électronique |
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