WO2014090165A1 - 压缩集成材及其生产方法 - Google Patents

压缩集成材及其生产方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014090165A1
WO2014090165A1 PCT/CN2013/089134 CN2013089134W WO2014090165A1 WO 2014090165 A1 WO2014090165 A1 WO 2014090165A1 CN 2013089134 W CN2013089134 W CN 2013089134W WO 2014090165 A1 WO2014090165 A1 WO 2014090165A1
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Prior art keywords
compressed
wood
compression
materials
laminated material
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PCT/CN2013/089134
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐君畏
唐天宁
唐君忌
黄建华
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四川柽檀科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2014090165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014090165A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a product and method for compression bonding integrated with wood materials.
  • Glulam is a wooden structural plate or square material that is made of solid wood plates and slats parallel to the wood texture, which is lengthened and widened, and glued to form a certain shape and size, also called glulam or finger joint. Because the glulam retains the natural texture of the wood, it has good strength and dimensional stability. It is a new type of functional structural wood material that has been widely used in construction, interior decoration, flooring, furniture and various wood products. Because the laminated timber is made of small plates or small squares glued and spliced in three dimensions of length, width and thickness, it is a good method for small materials and reasonable use of wood resources. The shortcoming is that the production process of the laminated timber is numerous, and it requires multiple sawing, planing and gluing, so the labor, energy consumption, rubber compound and cost are high.
  • Reorganized bamboo is a product developed on the basis of reorganized wood technology in China. It is welcomed in both domestic and foreign markets and has good development prospects.
  • the characteristics of the heavy bamboo product method are: Bamboo is crushed by special equipment, longitudinally and horizontally spread (with both greening and non-greening), then dipped, dried, pressed into a plate with a hot press or Cold pressed into bamboo in a lockable, heavy, heavy mold. Since the raw materials of bamboo grow into strips, both of these pressing methods require great pressure and large amount of sizing, so that the product density reaches l.l g per cubic centimeter, in order to ensure product quality, it is a real heavy bamboo. This type of processing has a negative impact on equipment, production efficiency and cost, and greatly limits the large-scale production and development of restructured bamboo.
  • the fixation of compression deformation in wood compression technology is especially important, otherwise the compressed wood will return to its pre-compression state under the action of moisture.
  • the main physical methods of the commonly used compression deformation fixing technology are: heat treatment, high temperature and high pressure steam treatment and high frequency heat treatment.
  • the heat treatment takes up to several tens of hours, which has a great influence on the strength and color of the compressed wood.
  • High temperature and high pressure steam treatment The required time is short, only a few tens of minutes, but high pressure vessels and boilers (or hot oil furnaces) are required.
  • High-frequency heating It mainly deals with compressed wood with large size, complicated equipment and high cost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a compression laminated material, a compressed laminated material production method and a compressed laminated material thereof according to the above problems; and a conventional artificial wood plate pressing machine is unidirectionally pressed into a mold four-side pressure and front and rear wood materials. Extrusion to each other, that is, the six sides of the raw material are pressed, so that the material is evenly deformed by force, and the plane or the curved surface between the wood or the bamboo is easily deformed and adhered to each other, and no longer requires a smooth plane to be glued like the laminated material, thereby reducing the glue.
  • wood materials with a diameter of about several centimeters can be used after peeling or bamboo chips to remove bamboo green bamboo yellow.
  • the compressed laminated material of the present invention is formed by gluing a plurality of compressed wood materials by a binder; the wood material is planar and/or curved before being compressed.
  • the wood material including bamboo, wood, etc.
  • the compressed laminated material is formed by gluing by the glue
  • the laminated material formed by compression has high strength and is not easy to be aged;
  • the contact surfaces of the selected wooden materials are flat or curved, and when they are compressed, they are easy to adhere to each other, so that the wooden materials are stressed during the process, ensuring the entire compressed laminated material.
  • each point has a sufficiently high strength; and the raw materials required for the compression of the laminated material are no longer glued to the smooth surface like the original laminated material, thereby greatly reducing the requirements on the surface finish of the raw material, thereby greatly broadening
  • the selection range of raw materials, wood materials with a diameter of about several centimeters can be used after peeling or bamboo chips to remove bamboo green bamboo yellow.
  • the artificial forest material can be used for about three years, which greatly improves the benefits of forest land. Therefore, the compressed laminated material of the invention can be suitable for processing fast-growing small-diameter timber and bamboo material of artificial forest, and the formed compressed laminated material has high strength and good stability, and is suitable for wood structure houses, furniture, wooden doors, floors and outdoor materials thereof. Wait.
  • the amount of glue used in the present invention is only one tenth or even less when produced from the same small diameter material. And as a solid wood material, the physical and mechanical properties and appearance are much higher than these completely destroying the strength and appearance of the wood. Wood-based panels, so compression glulam is an upgraded product of traditional glulam
  • the method for producing a compressed integrated material of the present invention comprises the following method steps:
  • Step 1 The blanking process: take appropriate amount of wood material for sizing treatment, and combine the wood materials to a certain extent;
  • Step 2 The compression process: the above-mentioned sized wood material is continuously fed into the hollow mold, so that the wood material 1 is subjected to compression deformation, and the compressed and deformed wood material is continuously wound and bundled at the exit of the hollow mold;
  • Step 3 Styling process: The compressed wood material 1 is fed into the container in batches under the limitation of the steel rope, and the steel wire for bundling is used as a heating element to heat and heat, and the high temperature steam glue is shaped and processed.
  • the sizing process is to glue or dipped the wood material, so that the wood material is glued to each other during the process of being compressed and deformed, so as to form a higher strength after the shaping process.
  • the compression bonding material the wood material is combined to a certain extent, so that the wood material is tightly combined after being compressed; the compression process is continuously carried out, and the present invention adopts the prior art-the compression wood short-cycle production technology (patent application number) Special mold in 201 010174484. 3 ).
  • the softened, sized bundle of wood material is forced through a tapered hollow mold to produce a compressive deformation that causes all the materials to be tightly squeezed together.
  • Each piece of compressed laminated material is simultaneously subjected to The extrusion and compression of the wood material around the mold and before and after, the wood material is squeezed and deformed, and the wire rope is continuously wound and bundled at the exit of the mold to define the deformed wood material to avoid the rebound of the deformation, and the compression process is completed.
  • the compressed wood material is then fed into the high temperature and high pressure vessel in batches under the definition of the steel rope (the process can be a discontinuous process, and a plurality of bundled deformed wood materials are collected in a batch to improve efficiency.
  • the bundled steel wire is used as the electric heating element to heat and heat, so that the water in the compressed laminated material is volatilized into steam, reaching 160 °C -22 (TC, the shaping process also drying the wood, wherein the temperature is high and low
  • TC the shaping process also drying the wood, wherein the temperature is high and low
  • the length of time depends on the species, size and use of the product. It can be several tens of minutes to several hours, and can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the steel rope serves as a fixture for binding wooden materials, and at the same time As a heating element during the shaping process, It can volatilize the water in the laminated material into steam for shaping treatment, and also plays the role of drying the wood, greatly reducing the production process, improving the production efficiency, and saving production time and cost.
  • the wire rope After slowly cooling to about 40 °C, the wire rope can be recycled on special equipment and recycled to avoid waste.
  • the production method of the compressed laminated material of the invention adopts the longitudinal feeding of the conveying chain, the pressing of the four sides of the mold, the limitation of the steel wire rope, the separation of the compression and the bonding, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; the conventional artificial board press is unidirectionally pressurized to the four sides of the mold The pressurization and the front and rear wood materials are pressed against each other, that is, the raw materials are pressed on six sides.
  • the material is evenly deformed by force, and the curved surface of the wooden material is also easily deformed and adhered to each other, and no longer requires a smooth surface to be glued like a laminated material, which greatly reduces the requirement for raw materials, and the small diameter material having a diameter of several centimeters is peeled or bamboo pieces (excluding bamboo green and bamboo yellow) can be used. Artificial forest materials of about three years can be used, which greatly improves the benefits of forest land.
  • the small-diameter material is used, and the yield is only 20%-30%, that is, only per cubic meter of logs can be obtained. 0. 2-0. 3 cubic meters of products, and the invention can weld the circular arc-shaped wooden materials together by compression deformation, and the same small-diameter material utilization rate can reach more than 80%, thereby eliminating a large amount of machining cutting amount, and The density of the laminated material is increased, and the strength is greatly improved.
  • the moisture content of the compressed laminated material can be used up to 30%. At higher water content, the smaller diameter raw materials can be compressed and integrated without softening.
  • the wooden material is continuously fed into a hollow mold having a taper, so that the entire wood material is subjected to compression deformation.
  • the wooden material is continuously forced to push through the tapered hollow mold (in which the hollow mold has a taper opening from the inlet to the outlet), which facilitates the feeding of the wood material; since the hollow mold has a taper, it can be
  • the continuously fed wood material is compressed and deformed so that all the materials are tightly squeezed together.
  • Each piece of compressed laminated material is simultaneously squeezed and compressed by the surrounding material of the mold and the front and back, so that the wooden material is extruded and deformed;
  • the wood and bamboo fed to the conveyor chain are compressed by the taper hollow mold, so that the material is evenly deformed by force, and the plane or the curved surface between the wood or the bamboo is easily deformed and adhered to each other, and no smooth surface is required like the laminated material.
  • Gluing reduces the raw material requirements.
  • the temperature can be controlled at 60.
  • Above C to ensure that the bamboo wood is glued together during the compression deformation process, so that the various indexes of the finished laminated material can meet the requirements; wherein the inlet of the hollow mold can be circular, square or other shapes, and the corresponding outlet can also be circular or Square or irregular shape, can be set according to actual needs.
  • the method for producing a compressed laminated material of the present invention can soften the wood material before the blanking process; the wood material can be bundled before the forming process or after the forming process.
  • the softening process is to soften the wood material at a high temperature to avoid the hard material being compressed during the compression process. Breaking multiple forces, affecting the compression gluing process; the wood material can be bundled before or after the tissue culture process, so that it can be placed on the conveyor chain and sent to the hollow mold, which can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the wood material is bundled before the tissue culture process or after the tissue culture process.
  • the steel wire is used as a heating element for heating and heating, and 160 ° C ⁇ 220 steam generated by the moisture of the wooden material itself is subjected to shaping treatment for 30 to 60 minutes, and then slowly cooled to 40. °C.
  • the compressed wood material is fed in batches under the limitation of the steel rope.
  • this process can be a discontinuous process, a set of bundled deformed wood materials is used as a batch to improve efficiency and save cost), and the bundled steel rope is used as a heating element to heat and heat, so that compression integration
  • the water in the material volatilizes into steam and reaches 160 °C -22 (TC.
  • the setting process also drys the wood at the same time.
  • the temperature is high and the length of time depends on the tree species, size and product use. It can be dozens of times.
  • Minutes to hours can be selected according to actual needs; when wood is selected as the raw material, the steel rope is used as a heating element for heating, so that the water in the compressed laminated material volatilizes into steam, reaching 160 ° C -22 (TC
  • TC ° C -22
  • the wood is required to be shaped by the controller for 30 to 60 minutes.
  • the steel rope serves as a fixture for binding the wooden material, and can also be used as an electric heating element during the shaping process.
  • the water in the volatilization is volatilized into steam for shaping treatment, and also plays the role of drying wood, due to the use of steel cord contact conduction Heating, higher efficiency, processing wood materials of the same large section size, the invention can be completed in one day, and the conventional method takes more than 5 days; the steel rope is used as a flexible fixture, which can be applied to products of different sectional sizes, and is used for the production of heavy bamboo profiles.
  • the rigid mold (single set weighing tens of kilograms, each tens to hundreds of sets of different cross-section molds) has the advantage of being self-evident; greatly enlarging the production process and improving production efficiency , saving production time and cost. After slowly cooling to about 40 °C, the wire rope can be recycled on special equipment and recycled to avoid waste.
  • the glulam made by the compressed glulam production method of the present invention is formed by gluing a plurality of compressed wood materials by a binder; the wood materials are planar and/or orphaned before being compressed.
  • the compressed laminated material produced by the above method which is formed by compressing and deforming wood materials (including bamboo, wood, etc.), and forming a compressed laminated material by a glue, and the laminated material formed by compression has high strength, and It is not easy to aging; before it is required to be compressed, the contact surfaces of the selected wooden materials are plane or curved surface, and when they are compressed, they are easy to adhere to each other, so that the wooden materials are subjected to stress during the process. Ensure that the entire compressed laminated material has sufficient strength at all points; and the raw materials required for the compressed laminated material are no longer glued to the smooth surface like the original laminated material, greatly reducing the surface finish of the raw material.
  • the wooden material with a diameter of about several centimeters can be used after peeling or bamboo strips to remove bamboo green bamboo yellow.
  • the artificial forest material can be used for about three years, which greatly improves the benefits of forest land. Therefore, the compressed laminated material of the invention can be suitable for treating the fast-growing small-diameter material and the bamboo material of the plantation forest, and the compressed laminated material after the formation has high strength and good stability, and is suitable for the wooden structure of the room, the furniture, the wooden door, the floor and the outdoor materials thereof, etc. .
  • the wood unit of the traditional laminated timber is a wooden block with the same cross-section. For this purpose, a large number of sawing and cutting operations are required.
  • the raw material of the small-diameter material is used, and the yield is only 20%-30%, that is, only the logs per cubic meter.
  • the product can be obtained from 0. 2-0. 3 cubic meters, and the round-shaped wood material can be glued together by compression deformation, and the same small-diameter material utilization rate can reach more than 80%, thereby eliminating a large amount of machining cutting amount. , the density of the laminated material is increased, and the strength is greatly improved;
  • the invention uses only one tenth or less of the same small diameter material.
  • the process is small and the processing volume is small, which basically maintains the size and structure of the wood itself.
  • Shape and texture, so labor saving, low energy consumption, the amount of glue is only about a fraction of the laminated timber and reconstituted bamboo, from the production to use are more environmentally friendly; and as a solid wood material, physical and mechanical properties and The appearance is much higher than these wood-based panels that completely destroy the strength and appearance of the wood. Therefore, the compression laminated material is an upgraded product of the traditional laminated material;
  • the invention presses the traditional artificial board press into one-way pressurization to press the four sides of the mold and press the wooden materials before and after, that is, the raw materials are pressed on six sides; therefore, the raw materials are uniformly deformed by force, and the curved surface of the wooden material is also easily deformed. They are glued to each other, no longer require a smooth surface to be glued like a laminated material, which greatly reduces the requirement for raw materials.
  • the small diameter material with a diameter of several centimeters is peeled or bamboo.
  • the invention adopts the steel rope as a flexible clamp, which can be applied to products of different sectional sizes, and the rigid mold used for the production of heavy bamboo profiles (single set weights up to several tens of kilograms, molds of different cross-section dimensions) It takes tens to hundreds of sets.
  • the advantages are self-evident; the longitudinal feeding of the conveyor chain, the pressing of the mold on all sides, the definition of the steel wire, the separation of compression and glue, greatly improving the production efficiency;
  • the rope is used as an electric heating element, and the contact conduction heating is adopted, and the efficiency is higher.
  • the wood material of the same large cross-sectional size is processed, and the invention can be completed in one day, and the conventional method requires more than 5 days;
  • the compression laminated material of the invention has good strength and stability after compression and high temperature treatment, and has a wide selection range of products and density; at the same time, the compression integration process and the shaping process are separated, and the moisture content of the raw material is overcome when the traditional artificial board is hot pressed. Strict (generally less than 10%), to avoid defects such as "bubbling", “layering", “burst”, etc., the moisture content of the compressed laminated raw material can be used up to 30%; at higher water content, Raw materials of smaller diameter grade can be compressed and integrated without softening;
  • the shaping treatment of the compressed laminated material of the invention cleverly utilizes the jig-wire rope in the production process as the electric heating element, the heating is uniform, and the steam completely comes from the interior of the wood, which has many outstanding advantages compared with the conventional setting method: Boiler (hot oil furnace), high-frequency heating device; Since the distribution of electric heating elements is hooked, it is not necessary to install a circulating fan and a heat exchanger in the pressure vessel, and there is no need to leave a ventilation duct between the laminated materials, so the available space of the container is doubled. the above.
  • a can of 1.8 m in diameter and 8 m in length can be shaped by conventional methods, and only 8 m 3 of wood can be processed in a single time, and the method used in the present invention can handle more than 16 m 3 , which greatly reduces equipment cost and production cost; Low oxygen content reduces the oxidation of wood at high temperatures; The thermal inertia of the heating element is small, the temperature control is precise, and the degree of automation is high; after the vacuum pump is installed, carbonization and drying can be completed at the same time.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated material of the present invention.
  • the compressed laminated material of the present invention is formed by gluing a plurality of compressed wood materials 1 by a binder 2; the wood material 1 is planar and/or curved before being compressed. .
  • the compressed laminated material is formed by glue bonding, and the laminated material formed by compression has high strength and is not easy to age; wherein before being compressed, The contact surfaces of the selected wooden materials are plane or curved surface, and when they are compressed, they are easy to adhere to each other, so that the wood material is evenly stressed during the process, ensuring that all points on the entire compressed laminated material have High enough strength; and the raw materials required for the compression of the laminated material are no longer glued to the smooth surface like the original laminated material, which greatly reduces the requirements for the surface finish of the raw material, thus greatly expanding the selection range of raw materials.
  • the wooden material with a diameter of about several centimeters can be used after peeling or bamboo strips to remove bamboo green bamboo yellow.
  • the artificial forest material can be used for about three years, which greatly improves the benefits of the forest land. Therefore, the compressed laminated material of the invention can be suitable for treating the fast-growing small-diameter material and the bamboo material of the plantation forest, and the compressed laminated material after the formation has high strength and good stability, and is suitable for the wooden structure of the room, the furniture, the wooden door, the floor and the outdoor materials thereof, etc. .
  • Step 1 The blanking process: According to the choice of the wood material, it is determined whether the wood material is softened. When the softening treatment is required, the wood material 1 can be 100. The steam above C is softened for 30-60 minutes. Of course, other suitable time and suitable temperature can be selected according to the materials selected. It is also possible to decide whether to bundle the wooden materials according to the choice of wood materials. Because some wood materials are neat or corrected, they can be transported directly into the hollow mold through the conveyor chain. In particular, the sizing process is necessary, and after the sizing, the wood material 1 can be properly combined to make the wood material. Compactly combined after compression. Where the sizing includes brushing and dipping, the actual raw During the production process, it can be arbitrarily selected.
  • the dipping process is as follows:
  • the wood material 1 can be immersed in a lower viscosity phenolic resin with a solid content of 35% and a temperature of 60 ° C to 80 ° C for at least several seconds.
  • Specific viscosity and time can be selected according to the difference in raw materials, which is a conventional technique in the art, has been widely used in the art, can be easily obtained), and is aged at room temperature for 3-5 minutes.
  • Step 2 Compression process: The bundled wood material 1 after the above-mentioned bundling is continuously fed into the hollow mold with taper, so that the glued surface of the wood material 1 is subjected to compression deformation, and the temperature needs to be controlled at 60. C above, at the same time at the exit of the hollow mold, the compressed and deformed wood material 1 is continuously wrapped with a steel wire.
  • Step 3 The shaping process: The compressed wooden material 1 is fed into the container in batches under the limitation of the steel rope. In the middle, the steel wire bundled is used as a heating element to heat up, and is fixed by steaming at 160 ° C to 220 ° C for 30 to 60 minutes, and then slowly cooled to 4 Q ° C for high temperature steam bonding.
  • the tissue culture process requires pre-treatment of the wood material, including softening, sizing and bundling, wherein the softening process is to soften the wood material at a high temperature to avoid being hard.
  • the raw material is broken by multiple forces during the compression process, which affects the compression gluing process; the gluing process is to glue or dipped the wood material, so that the gluing surfaces of the wood materials in contact with each other are glued together during the process of being compressed and deformed.
  • the wooden material is bundled so that it is placed on the conveyor chain and sent into the hollow mold.
  • the compression process is carried out continuously, for which the present invention employs a special mold in the prior art-compressed wood short cycle production technique (Patent Application No. 201 01 0174484. 3).
  • Patent Application No. 201 01 0174484. 3 Using a pair of conveyor chains, the softened, sized bundle of wood material is forced through a tapered hollow mold to produce a compressive deformation that causes all the materials to be tightly squeezed together.
  • Each piece of compressed laminated material is simultaneously subjected to The extrusion and compression of the wood material around the mold and before and after, the wood material is squeezed and deformed, and the wire rope is continuously wound and bundled at the exit of the mold to define the deformed wood material to avoid the rebound of the deformation, and the compression process is completed.
  • the compressed wood material is then fed into the high temperature and high pressure vessel in batches under the definition of the steel rope (the process can be a discontinuous process, and a plurality of bundled deformed wood materials are collected in a batch to improve efficiency. Cost saving), at the same time, the steel wire bundled as a heating element is energized and heated to make compression integration
  • the water in the material volatilizes into steam, reaching 160 °C -220 °C.
  • the setting process also drys the wood at the same time.
  • the temperature is high and the length of time depends on the tree species, size and product use. It can be dozens of times.
  • the steel ropes serve as a fixture for binding wooden materials, and can also be used as electric heating elements in the shaping process, which can volatilize the water in the laminated materials into steam for shaping.
  • the treatment also plays the role of drying the wood, greatly reducing the production process, improving the production efficiency, and saving production time and cost.
  • the wire rope can be recycled on special equipment and recycled to avoid waste.
  • the production method of the compressed laminated material of the invention adopts the longitudinal feeding of the conveying chain, the pressing of the four sides of the mold, the limitation of the steel wire rope, the separation of the compression and the bonding, and the production efficiency is greatly improved;
  • the conventional artificial board press is unidirectionally pressurized to the four sides of the mold The pressurization and the front and rear wood materials are pressed against each other, that is, the raw materials are pressed on six sides.
  • the material is evenly deformed by force, and the curved surface of the wooden material is also easily deformed and adhered to each other, and no longer requires a smooth surface to be glued like a laminated material, which greatly reduces the requirement for raw materials, and the small diameter material having a diameter of several centimeters is peeled or bamboo pieces (excluding bamboo green and bamboo yellow) can be used. Artificial forest materials of about three years can be used, which greatly improves the benefits of forest land.
  • the wood material of the same large cross-sectional size is processed, and the invention can be completed in one day, and the conventional method takes more than 5 days; the steel rope is used as the flexible Fixtures, which can be applied to products of different section sizes, and the rigid molds used in the production of heavy bamboo profiles (single set weights up to several tens of kilograms, tens to hundreds of sets of molds for different cross-section dimensions)
  • the production process is slowed down, the cost is reduced, the design is ingenious, the large-tonnage press and the bulky mold are no longer used, and the equipment investment is greatly reduced; the process is small, the processing volume is small, and the size of the wood bamboo is basically maintained.
  • the amount of glue used is only about one-fifth of the laminated timber and the recombinant bamboo, from the production of the product to It is more environmentally friendly; the product has good strength and stability after compression and high temperature treatment, and the product length and density are selected in a wide range.
  • the wood unit of the traditional glulam is a wooden block with the same cross-section. For this purpose, a large amount of sawing and planing processing is required. For example, the small-diameter material is used, and the yield is only 20%-30%, that is, only per cubic meter of logs can be obtained. 0. 2-0.
  • the invention can glue the arc-shaped wooden materials together by compression deformation, and the same small-diameter material utilization rate can reach more than 80%, which not only saves a large amount of machining cutting amount, but also increases the density of the laminated material, and the strength is large. improve. Separating the compression integration process and the shaping process of steps 2 and 3, overcoming the requirement of the raw material moisture content during the hot pressing of the traditional wood-based panel (generally less than 10%) to avoid “bubbling" and "layering". Defects such as "explosive plate", the moisture content of the compressed laminated material can be used up to 30%. At higher moisture contents, the smaller diameter grades can be compressed and integrated without softening.
  • the compressed laminated material obtained by the above method is formed by gluing a plurality of compressed wood materials 1 by a binder 2; the wood material 1 is planar and/or curved before being compressed.
  • the wood material including bamboo, wood, etc.
  • the compressed laminated material is formed by gluing with a glue, and the laminated material formed by compression has high strength and is not easy to age; wherein it is required to be compressed before being selected
  • the mutual contact surface between the wooden materials is flat or curved, and when they are compressed, they are easy to adhere to each other, so that the wooden material is evenly stressed during the process, ensuring that all points on the entire compressed laminated material have High enough strength; and the raw materials required for the compression of the laminated material are no longer glued to the smooth surface like the original laminated material, which greatly reduces the requirements for the surface finish of the raw material, thus greatly expanding the selection range of raw materials.
  • the wooden material with a diameter of about several centimeters can be used after peeling or bamboo strips to remove bamboo green bamboo yellow.
  • the artificial forest material can be used for about three years, which greatly improves the benefits of the forest land. Therefore, the compressed laminated material of the invention can be suitable for treating the fast-growing small-diameter material and the bamboo material of the plantation forest, and the compressed laminated material after the formation has high strength and good stability, and is suitable for the wooden structure of the room, the furniture, the wooden door, the floor and the outdoor materials thereof, etc. .
  • Step 1 Install an open mold of a corresponding section, and the open mold is provided with a taper.
  • Step 2 the composite: Determine the average density of the product is 0.7 g / cm3, weigh the corresponding amount, no skin, more straight, small head diameter of about 4 cm, 2 meters long, 20% moisture content of small diameter material, (It is best to use tree species with similar density, more resin, and poor bonding performance.
  • the raw material is artificial forest fast-growing material, Such as eucalyptus, poplar and cedar, etc., the heads are placed alternately and bundled.
  • Step 3 At 100. The above steam is softened for 30-60 minutes;
  • Step 4 Dip in a lower viscosity phenolic resin with a solid content of 35% and a temperature of 60 ° C to 80 ° C for more than a few seconds.
  • Step 5 Ageing for 3 to 5 minutes under heat preservation.
  • Step 6 Force the bundled wood into a hollow mold for compression deformation, and use a steel rope to continuously wrap the bundled wood at the hollow mold exit to define the deformation.
  • Step 7 Power the wire rope in the pressure vessel.
  • the heating rate is controlled at about 30 °C per hour. Between 160-220 °C as needed, the steam generated by wood is shaped for 30-60 minutes (such as color matching and anti-corrosion). Or increase the stability, the processing time can be extended accordingly, and then slowly cool to 40 °C, you can discharge;
  • Step 8 Recycle the wire rope in special equipment for recycling.
  • Step 9 Plan the size according to the required size
  • Step 10 Saw the planing product according to the required size.
  • the composite according to the compression integration density of 0. 8g / cm 3 , weigh the corresponding amount of bamboo: the layers are evenly placed, the size of the head alternate, the cross-sectional size after the bundle is 2-3cm larger than the compressed size Just fine.
  • the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above.
  • the invention extends to any new feature or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any novel method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

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Abstract

压缩集成材，由若干被压缩的木质材料（1）通过胶合剂（2）胶合而成。该木质材料在压缩前，相互的接触面为平面和/或弧面。生产该压缩集成材的方法，包括组坯、压缩和定型过程。木质材料六面受压，受力均匀，材料间的弧形面也容易变形、贴合，降低了对原料的要求。该压缩集成材强度高、稳定性好，适用于木结构的房、家具及室外用材等。

Description

压缩集成材及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用木质材料压缩胶合集成的产品及方法。
背景技术
集成材是将木材纹理平行的实木板材和板条在长度接长、 宽度上加宽， 胶 合形成一定形状和规格尺寸的木质结构板材或方材， 也称胶合木或指节材。 由 于集成材保持了木材的天然纹理， 强度和尺寸稳定性都较好， 是一种新型的功 能性结构木质材料， 已广泛用于建筑、 室内装修、 地板、 家具和各种木制品。 由于集成材是由小板材或小方材在长宽厚三维方向上胶合拼接而成， 是小材大 用， 合理利用木材资源的好方法。 不足的是， 集成材生产工序繁多， 需多次锯 解、 刨削、 胶合， 因而所需人工、 能耗、 胶料多， 成本高。
重组竹是我国在国外重组木技术基础上研制开发的一种产品， 在国内外市 场都受到欢迎， 有很好的发展前景。 其中重竹产品方法特点是： 竹子经过专门 的设备碾压， 纵向不断， 横向散开 （有去青和不去青两种方式）， 然后经过浸 胶、 干燥， 用热压机压成板材或在可锁定的坚固厚重的模具中冷压成竹方。 由 于竹子原料成长条状， 这两种压制方式都需要极大的压力和大的施胶量， 使产 品密度达到每立方厘米 l . l g , 才能保证产品质量， 是名符其实的重竹。 这种加 工方式对设备、 生产效率和成本等多方面都带来不利影响， 极大地限制了重组 竹的规模化生产和发展。
木材压缩技术中压缩变形的固定尤其重要， 不然压缩木在水分的作用下， 会恢复压缩前的状态。 目前常用的压缩变形固定技术主要物理方式是： 热处 理、 高温高压蒸汽处理和高频加热处理。 热处理所需时间长达数十小时， 对压 缩木的强度和颜色影响很大。 高温高压蒸汽处理： 所需时间短， 几十分钟即 可， 但需要高压容器和锅炉 （或热油炉）。 高频加热： 主要是处理尺寸较大的 压缩木， 设备复杂， 成本高。 发明内容 本发明的发明目的在于： 针对上述存在的问题， 提供一种压缩集成材、 压 缩集成材生产方法及其压缩集成材； 将传统人造板压机单向加压为模具四面加 压和前后木质材料相互挤压， 即原料六面受压， 使原料受力变形均匀， 木材或 竹材之间的平面或弧面也容易变形互相贴合， 不再像集成材那样要求光洁的平 面进行胶合， 降低了对原料要求， 直径约几厘米的木质材料经剥皮或竹片除去 竹青竹黄就可以使用， 三年左右的人工林材即可被使用， 大大提高林地的效 益； 同时， 不再使用大吨位压机和笨重的模具， 设备投入大为降低； 工序少、 加工量小， 基本保持了木竹自身尺寸、 结构和形态， 因而人工省、 能耗低， 用 胶量仅为集成材和重组竹材的五分之一左右， 从产品生产到使用更环保； 产品 经过压缩和高温处理强度与稳定性好， 产品长度和密度选择范围较大。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明的压缩集成材， 由若干被压缩的木质材料通过胶合剂胶合而成； 所 述木质材料在被压缩前， 相互的接触面为平面和 /或弧面。
由于采用了上述结构， 木质材料 （包括竹材、 木材等） 被压缩变形的同 时， 通过胶合剂胶合形成压缩集成材， 被压缩形成的集成材， 具有较高的强 度， 且不易老化； 其中要求被压缩前， 所选取的木质材料之间的相互接触面为 平面或者弧面， 当其被压缩过程中， 容易相互贴合， 使得木质材料在此过程中 受力均勾， 确保整个压缩集成材上各个点上都具有足够高的强度； 且该种压缩 集成材所需的原料， 不再像原有集成材那样对光洁的平面进行胶合， 大大地降 低了对原料表面光洁度的要求， 因此大大拓宽了原料的选取范围， 直径约几厘 米的木质材料经剥皮或竹片除去竹青竹黄就可以使用， 三年左右的人工林材即 可被使用， 大大提高了林地的效益。 因此本发明的压缩集成材， 可适合于处理 人工林速生小径材和竹材等， 生成后的压缩集成材强度高、 稳定性好， 适用于 木结构的房、 家具、 木门、 地板及其室外用材等。 同刨花板、 纤维板相比， 如 用相同的小径材生产时， 本发明的用胶量只有其十分之一， 甚至更少。 而且作 为一种实木材料， 物理力学性能和外观远高于这些完全破坏了木材强度和外观 的人造板， 所以压缩集成材是传统集成材的升级换代产品
本发明的压缩集成材生产方法， 包括以下方法步骤：
步骤一、 组坯过程： 取适量的木质材料进行施胶处理， 并对木质材料进 行一定程度的组合；
步骤二、 压缩过程： 将上述施胶后的木质材料连续地送入空心模具中， 使 木质材料 1 受到压缩变形， 在空心模具的出口处对压缩变形后的木质材料用钢 绳连续缠绕捆绑；
步骤三、 定型过程： 压缩后的木质材料 1 在钢绳的限定下， 被成批地送入 容器中， 将捆绑用的钢绳作为电热元件通电发热， 进行高温蒸汽胶合定型处 理。
由于采用了上述方法， 施胶过程是在木质材料上刷胶或浸胶， 便于木质材 料在被压缩变形的过程中， 相互接触的胶合面相互胶合， 以便于经过定型处理 后， 形成较高强度的压缩集成材， 木质材料进行一定程度的组合， 使木质材料 压缩后紧密结合； 压缩过程是连续不断的进行， 为此本发明采用了现有技术一 一压缩木短周期生产技术（专利申请号 201 010174484. 3 ) 中的专用模具。 用成 对的输送链条将软化、 施胶后的成捆的木质材料， 强制推过带锥度的空心模 具， 产生压缩变形使所有的材料相互紧密挤在一起， 每一段压缩集成材， 都同 时受到模具四周和前后木质材料的挤压压缩， 使得木质材料被挤压变形， 同时 用钢丝绳在模具出口连续缠绕捆绑， 将变形后的木质材料进行限定， 避免其变 形的反弹， 压缩过程即完成。 再将压缩后的木质材料在钢绳的限定下， 成批地 送入到高温高压容器中 （该过程可以为不连续的过程， 集多个被捆绑的变形木 质材料为一批， 提高效率， 节约成本）， 同时将捆绑用的钢绳作为电热元件通 电发热， 使压缩集成材中的水分挥发成蒸汽， 达到 160 °C -22 (TC , 进行定型处 理也同时干燥了木材， 其中温度的高低， 时间的长短， 随树种、 尺寸和产品的 用途而定， 可以是几十分钟至几小时， 可根据实际需要选择； 其中的钢绳既 起到捆绑木质材料用的夹具作用， 同时还能在定型处理过程中作为电热元件， 能将集成材中的水分挥发成蒸汽进行定型处理， 同时还起到干燥木材的作用， 大大地筒化了生产工艺， 提高了生产效率， 节约了生产时间和成本。 在緩慢冷 却至 40 °C左右之后， 可在专用设备上回收钢丝绳， 循环使用， 避免了浪费。 本 发明的压缩集成材生产方法， 采用输送链纵向送进， 模具四面加压， 钢丝绳限 定， 使压缩和胶合定型分离， 大大提高了生产效率； 将传统人造板压机单向加 压为模具四面加压和前后木质材料相互挤压， 即原料六面受压。 因而原料受力 变形均匀， 木质材料的弧形面也容易变形互相贴合， 不再像集成材那样要求光 洁的平面进行胶合， 大大降低了对原料的要求， 直径几公分的小径材经剥皮或 竹片 （除去竹青、 竹黄）就可以使用， 三年左右的人工林材就可以用， 大大提 高了林地的效益。 长条状的木质材料也可利用， 同时不再使用大吨位压机和笨 重的模具， 同样产能情况下设备投入仅为传统人造板的二分之一； 同时， 将捆 绑木质材料用的钢绳作为热定型处理用的电热元件， 由于采用钢绳接触传递加 热， 效率更高， 处理同样大断面尺寸的木质材料， 本发明一天即可完成， 而常 规方法需要 5 天以上； 钢绳作为柔性夹具， 可适用不同断面尺寸的产品， 与重 竹型材生产所用的刚性模具（单套重达几十公斤， 每个不同断面尺寸模具需要 几十到几百套）相比之下优点是不言而喻的； 减少了生产工序， 降低了成本， 设计巧妙， 不再使用大吨位压机和笨重的模具， 设备投入大为降低； 工序少、 加工量小， 基本保持了木竹自身尺寸、 结构和形态， 因而人工省、 能耗低， 用 胶量仅为集成材和重组竹材的五分之一左右， 从产品生产到使用更环保； 产品 经过压缩和高温处理强度与稳定性好， 产品长度和密度选择范围较大。 传统集 成材的木材单元为断面尺寸相同的木块， 为此需要大量的锯切、 刨切加工， 如 采用小径材原料， 出材率只有 20%-30%, 即每立方米原木只能得到 0. 2-0. 3 立 方米产品， 而本发明可以将圓弧形木质材料经压缩变形胶合在一起， 同样的小 径材利用率可达到 80%以上， 既省去了大量加工切削量， 又使集成材的密度加 大， 强度大为提高。 将步骤二和步骤三的压缩集成过程和定型过程分离， 克服 了传统人造板热压时对原料含水率要求严 （一般低于 10%左右）， 以避免 "鼓 泡"、 "分层"、 "爆板" 等缺陷， 压缩集成材原料含水率高达 30%就可使用。 在 较高含水率时， 较小径级的原料不用软化就可压缩集成。
本发明的压缩集成材生产方法， 所述木质材料被连续送入带有锥度的空心 模具， 使木质材料整体受到压缩变形。
由于采用了上述结构， 木质材料连续地被强制推过带锥度的空心模具（其 中空心模具内从入口至出口呈现出锥度的开孔）， 便于木质材料送入； 由于空 心模具具有锥度， 可对连续送入的木质材料产生压缩变形使所有的材料相互紧 密挤在一起， 每一段压缩集成材， 都同时受到模具四周和前后木质材料的挤压 压缩， 使得木质材料被挤压变形； 空心模具可对输送链送进的木材和竹材被锥 度空心模具进行压缩， 从而原料受力变形均匀， 木材或竹材之间的平面或弧面 也容易变形互相贴合， 不再像集成材那样要求光洁的平面进行胶合， 降低了对 原料要求。 此过程中， 可控制温度在 60。 C 以上， 确保竹木材在压缩变形过程 中相互胶合， 使制成的集成材各项指标达到要求； 其中空心模具的入口可以是 圓形、 方形或者其它形状， 相应地出口也可以是圓形或者方形或者不规则的形 状， 可根据实际需要设置。
本发明的压缩集成材生产方法， 组坯过程前， 可将木质材料进行软化处 理； 在组坯过程前或组坯过程后可将木质材料进行捆扎。
由于采用了上述结构， 压缩前是需要先将木质材原料进行前期处理， 包括 软化、 施胶和捆扎过程， 其中软化过程是将木质材料进行高温软化， 避免在硬 质的原料在压缩过程中受多个力而折断， 影响压缩胶合过程； 在组培过程前或 组培过程后可将木质材料进行捆扎， 便于其放置于输送链上被送入到空心模具 中， 可根据实际需要， 选择在组培过程前或组培过程后对木质材料进行捆扎。
本发明的压缩集成材生产方法， 定型过程中， 钢绳被作为为电热元件通电 发热， 由木质材料自身水分产生的 160 °C ~ 220蒸气， 进行定形处理 30 ~ 60分 钟， 再緩慢冷却至 40 °C。
由于采用了上述方法， 压缩后的木质材料在钢绳的限定下， 成批地送入到 高温高压容器中 （该过程可以为不连续的过程， 集多个被捆绑的变形木质材料 为一批， 提高效率， 节约成本）， 同时将捆绑用的钢绳作为电热元件通电发 热， 使压缩集成材中的水分挥发成蒸汽， 达到 160 °C -22 (TC , 进行定型处理也 同时干燥了木材， 其中温度的高低， 时间的长短， 随树种、 尺寸和产品的用途 而定， 可以是几十分钟至几小时， 可根据实际需要选择； 当选用木材作为原料 时， 将钢绳被作为为电热元件通电发热， 使压缩集成材中的水分挥发成蒸汽， 达到 160 °C -22 (TC , 从而进行定形处理， 木材为原料需要控制器定形处理时间 为 30 ~ 60 分钟， 其中的钢绳既起到捆绑木质材料用的夹具作用， 同时还能在 定型处理过程中作为电热元件， 能将集成材中的水分挥发成蒸汽进行定型处 理， 同时还起到干燥木材的作用， 由于采用钢绳接触传导加热， 效率更高， 处 理同样大断面尺寸的木质材料， 本发明一天即可完成， 而常规方法需要 5 天以 上； 钢绳作为柔性夹具， 可适用不同断面尺寸的产品， 与重竹型材生产所用的 刚性模具（单套重达几十公斤， 每个不同断面尺寸模具需要几十到几百套）相 比之下优点是不言而喻的； 大大地筒化了生产工艺， 提高了生产效率， 节约了 生产时间和成本。 在緩慢冷却至 40 °C左右之后， 可在专用设备上回收钢丝绳， 循环使用， 避免了浪费 。
本发明的通过压缩集成材生产方法制成的集成材， 由若干被压缩的木质材 料通过胶合剂胶合而成； 所述木质材料在被压缩前， 相互的接触面为平面和 / 或孤面。
通过上述的方法制的压缩集成材， 其在木质材料（包括竹材、 木材等）被 压缩变形的同时， 通过胶合剂胶合形成压缩集成材， 被压缩形成的集成材， 具 有较高的强度， 且不易老化； 其中要求被压缩前， 所选取的木质材料之间的相 互接触面为平面或者弧面， 当其被压缩过程中， 容易相互贴合， 使得木质材料 在此过程中受力均勾， 确保整个压缩集成材上各个点上都具有足够高的强度； 且该种压缩集成材所需的原料， 不再像原有集成材那样对光洁的平面进行胶 合， 大大地降低了对原料表面光洁度的要求， 因此大大拓宽了原料的选取范 围， 直径约几厘米的木质材料经剥皮或竹片除去竹青竹黄就可以使用， 三年左 右的人工林材即可被使用， 大大提高了林地的效益。 因此本发明的压缩集成 材， 可适合于处理人工林速生小径材和竹材， 生成后的压缩集成材强度高、 稳 定性好， 适用于木结构的房、 家具、 木门、 地板及其室外用材等。
综上所述， 由于采用了上述技术方案， 本发明的有益效果是：
1、 传统集成材的木材单元为断面尺寸相同的木块， 为此需要大量的锯 切、 刨切加工， 如采用小径材原料， 出材率只有 20%-30%, 即每立方 米原木只能得到 0. 2-0. 3立方米产品， 而本发明可以将圓弧形木质材 料经压缩变形胶合在一起， 同样的小径材利用率可达到 80%以上， 既 省去了大量加工切削量， 又使集成材的密度加大， 强度大为提高；
2、 本发明与刨花板、 纤维板相比， 如用相同的小径材生产时， 用胶量只 有其十分之一， 甚至更少； 工序少、 加工量小， 基本保持了木材自身 尺寸、 结构、 外形和纹理， 因而人工省、 能耗低， 用胶量仅为集成材 和重组竹材的几分之一左右， 从产品生产到使用都更为环保； 而且作 为一种实木材料， 物理力学性能和外观远高于这些完全破坏了木材强 度和外观的人造板。 所以压缩集成材是传统集成材的升级换代产品；
3、 本发明将传统人造板压机单向加压为模具四面加压和前后木质材料相 互挤压， 即原料六面受压； 因而原料受力变形均匀， 木质材料的弧形 面也容易变形互相贴合， 不再像集成材那样要求光洁的平面进行胶 合， 大大降低了对原料的要求， 直径几公分的小径材经剥皮或竹片
(除去竹青、 竹黄）就可以使用， 三年左右的人工林材就可以用， 大 大提高了林地的效益。 长条状的木质材料也可利用， 同时不再使用大 吨位压机和笨重的模具， 在同样产能情况下设备投入仅为传统人造板 的二分之一；
4、 本发明将钢绳作为柔性夹具， 可适用不同断面尺寸的产品， 与重竹型 材生产所用的刚性模具（单套重达几十公斤， 每个不同断面尺寸模具 需要几十到几百套）相比之下优点是不言而喻的； 采用输送链纵向送 进， 模具四面加压， 钢丝绳限定， 使压缩和胶合定型分离， 大大提高 了生产效率； 同时钢绳作为电热元件， 并采用接触传导加热， 效率更 高， 处理同样大断面尺寸的木质材料， 本发明一天即可完成， 而常规 方法需要 5天以上；
5、 本发明的压缩集成材经过压缩和高温处理强度与稳定性好， 产品和密 度选择范围较大； 同时将压缩集成过程和定型过程分离， 克服了传统 人造板热压时对原料含水率要求严 （一般低于 1 0%左右）， 以避免 "鼓 泡"、 "分层"、 "爆板" 等缺陷， 压缩集成材原料含水率高达 30%就可 使用； 在较高含水率时， 较小径级的原料不用软化就可压缩集成；
6、 本发明的压缩集成材的定型处理， 巧妙地利用生产过程中的夹具一钢 丝绳， 作为电热元件， 加热均匀， 蒸汽完全来自木材内部， 同常规定 型方式比有很多突出的优点： 省去了锅炉 （热油炉）、 高频加热装 置； 由于电热元件分布均勾， 不用在压力容器内安装循环风扇和换热 器， 集成材之间也不用留通风道， 故容器的可用空间提高一倍以上。 比如： 直径 1. 8米、 长 8米的罐， 使用常规方法定型， 单次只可处理 8m3木材， 而本发明所用方法可处理 16m3以上， 大大降低了设备成本 和生产成本； 容器内氧气含量少， 减少了高温下木材的氧化； 电热元 件热惯性小， 温度控制精确， 自动化程度高； 加装真空泵之后， 可同 时完成碳化和干燥。 附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明， 其中：
图 1是本发明中集成材的截面图。
图中标记： 1 -木质材料、 2 -胶合剂。 具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征， 或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤， 除了互 相排斥的特征和 /或步骤以外， 均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书 （包括任何附加权利要求、 摘要） 中公开的任一特征， 除非特别 叙述， 均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。 即， 除非特别叙 述， 每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
如图 1 所示， 本发明的压缩集成材， 由若干被压缩的木质材料 1 通过胶合 剂 2 胶合而成； 所述木质材料 1 在被压缩前， 相互的接触面为平面和 /或弧 面。
其中在木质材料（包括竹材、 木材等）被压缩变形的同时， 通过胶合剂胶 合形成压缩集成材， 被压缩形成的集成材， 具有较高的强度， 且不易老化； 其 中要求被压缩前， 所选取的木质材料之间的相互接触面为平面或者弧面， 当其 被压缩过程中， 容易相互贴合， 使得木质材料在此过程中受力均匀， 确保整个 压缩集成材上各个点上都具有足够高的强度； 且该种压缩集成材所需的原料， 不再像原有集成材那样对光洁的平面进行胶合， 大大地降低了对原料表面光洁 度的要求， 因此大大拓宽了原料的选取范围， 直径约几厘米的木质材料经剥皮 或竹片除去竹青竹黄就可以使用， 三年左右的人工林材即可被使用， 大大提高 了林地的效益。 因此本发明的压缩集成材， 可适合于处理人工林速生小径材和 竹材， 生成后的压缩集成材强度高、 稳定性好， 适用于木结构的房、 家具、 木 门、 地板及其室外用材等。
本发明压缩集成材生产方法， 其特征在于： 它包括：
步骤一、 组坯过程： 根据木质材料选择的情况不同， 决定了是否对木质材 料进行软化处理， 当需要进行软化处理时， 可将木质材料 1 在 100。 C 以上的 蒸汽中软化 30-60 分钟， 当然可根据选择的材料不同， 选择其它更为合适的时 间和合适的温度； 同样可根据木质材料选择的情况不同， 决定了是否对木质材 料进行捆扎处理， 因为某些木质材料比较整齐或归正， 可直接通过输送链输送 到空心模具中， 特别地， 施胶过程是必须的， 且施胶过后可将木质材料 1 进行 适当的组合， 让木质材料压缩后紧密结合。 其中施胶包括刷胶和浸胶， 实际生 产过程中， 可任意选择， 其中的浸胶过程为： 可将木质材料 1 在固含物为 35% , 温度 60 °C ~ 8 0 °C的较低粘度的酚酸树脂中浸数至少数秒， （具体的粘度和 时间， 可根据原料的不同而实际选择， 该技术为本领域常规技术， 已在本领域 中广泛应用， 可轻易获得）， 并在常温状态下陈化 3-5分钟。
步骤二、 压缩过程： 将上述组坯后的成捆木质材料 1 连续地送入带有锥度 的空心模具中， 使木质材料 1 的胶合面受到压缩变形， 需控制温度在 60。 C以 上， 同时在空心模具的出口处对压缩变形后的木质材料 1 用钢绳连续缠绕捆 步骤三、 定型过程： 压缩后的木质材料 1 在钢绳的限定下， 被成批地送入 容器中， 将捆绑用的钢绳作为电热元件通电发热， 用 160 °C ~ 220 °C过热蒸气定 形处理 30 ~ 60分钟， 再緩慢冷却至 4 Q °C , 进行高温蒸汽胶合定型处理。
本发明的压缩集成材的生产方法中， 组培过程是需要先将木质材原料进行 前期处理， 包括软化、 施胶和捆扎过程， 其中软化过程是将木质材料进行高温 软化， 避免在硬质的原料在压缩过程中受多个力而折断， 影响压缩胶合过程； 施胶过程是在木质材料上刷胶或浸胶， 便于木质材料在被压缩变形的过程中， 相互接触的胶合面相互胶合， 以便于经过定型处理后， 形成较高强度的压缩集 成材； 将木质材料进行捆扎， 便于其放置于输送链上被送入到空心模具中。 压 缩过程是连续不断的进行， 为此本发明采用了现有技术一一压缩木短周期生产 技术（专利申请号 201 01 0174484. 3 ) 中的专用模具。 用成对的输送链条将软 化、 施胶后的成捆的木质材料， 强制推过带锥度的空心模具， 产生压缩变形使 所有的材料相互紧密挤在一起， 每一段压缩集成材， 都同时受到模具四周和前 后木质材料的挤压压缩， 使得木质材料被挤压变形， 同时用钢丝绳在模具出口 连续缠绕捆绑， 将变形后的木质材料进行限定， 避免其变形的反弹， 压缩过程 即完成。 再将压缩后的木质材料在钢绳的限定下， 成批地送入到高温高压容器 中 （该过程可以为不连续的过程， 集多个被捆绑的变形木质材料为一批， 提高 效率， 节约成本）， 同时将捆绑用的钢绳作为电热元件通电发热， 使压缩集成 材中的水分挥发成蒸汽， 达到 160 °C -220 °C , 进行定型处理也同时干燥了木 材， 其中温度的高低， 时间的长短， 随树种、 尺寸和产品的用途而定， 可以是 几十分钟至几小时， 可根据实际需要选择； 其中的钢绳既起到捆绑木质材料 用的夹具作用， 同时还能在定型处理过程中作为电热元件， 能将集成材中的水 分挥发成蒸汽进行定型处理， 同时还起到干燥木材的作用， 大大地筒化了生产 工艺， 提高了生产效率， 节约了生产时间和成本。 在緩慢冷却至 40 °C左右之 后， 可在专用设备上回收钢丝绳， 循环使用， 避免了浪费。 本发明的压缩集成 材生产方法， 采用输送链纵向送进， 模具四面加压， 钢丝绳限定， 使压缩和胶 合定型分离， 大大提高了生产效率； 将传统人造板压机单向加压为模具四面加 压和前后木质材料相互挤压， 即原料六面受压。 因而原料受力变形均匀， 木质 材料的弧形面也容易变形互相贴合， 不再像集成材那样要求光洁的平面进行胶 合， 大大降低了对原料的要求， 直径几公分的小径材经剥皮或竹片 （除去竹 青、 竹黄）就可以使用， 三年左右的人工林材就可以用， 大大提高了林地的效 益。 长条状的木质材料也可利用， 同时不再使用大吨位压机和笨重的模具， 在 设备投入同样产能情况下仅为传统人造板的二分之一； 同时， 将捆绑木质材料 用的钢绳作为热定型处理用的电热元件， 由于采用钢绳接触传递加热， 效率更 高， 处理同样大断面尺寸的木质材料， 本发明一天即可完成， 而常规方法需要 5 天以上； 钢绳作为柔性夹具， 可适用不同断面尺寸的产品， 与重竹型材生产 所用的刚性模具（单套重达几十公斤， 每个不同断面尺寸模具需要几十到几百 套）相比之下优点是不言而喻的； 减緩了生产工序， 降低了成本， 设计巧妙， 不再使用大吨值压机和笨重的模具， 设备投入大为降低； 工序少、 加工量小， 基本保持了木竹自身尺寸、 结构和形态， 因而人工省、 能耗低， 用胶量仅为集 成材和重组竹材的五分之一左右， 从产品生产到使用更环保； 产品经过压缩和 高温处理强度与稳定性好， 产品长度和密度选择范围较大。 传统集成材的木材 单元为断面尺寸相同的木块， 为此需要大量的锯切、 刨切加工， 如采用小径材 原料， 出材率只有 20%-30%, 即每立方米原木只能得到 0. 2-0. 3 立方米产品， 而本发明可以将圓弧形木质材料经压缩变形胶合在一起， 同样的小径材利用率 可达到 80%以上， 既省去了大量加工切削量， 又使集成材的密度加大， 强度大 为提高。 将步骤二和步骤三的压缩集成过程和定型过程分离， 克服了传统人造 板热压时对原料含水率要求严 （一般低于 1 0%左右）， 以避免 "鼓泡"、 "分层"、 "爆板" 等缺陷， 压缩集成材原料含水率高达 30%就可使用。 在较高含水率 时， 较小径级的原料不用软化就可压缩集成。
通过上述方法加工制得的压缩集成材， 由若干被压缩的木质材料 1 通过胶 合剂 2 胶合而成； 所述木质材料 1 在被压缩前， 相互的接触面为平面和 /或弧 面。 在木质材料（包括竹材、 木材等）被压缩变形的同时， 通过胶合剂胶合形 成压缩集成材， 被压缩形成的集成材， 具有较高的强度， 且不易老化； 其中要 求被压缩前， 所选取的木质材料之间的相互接触面为平面或者弧面， 当其被压 缩过程中， 容易相互贴合， 使得木质材料在此过程中受力均勾， 确保整个压缩 集成材上各个点上都具有足够高的强度； 且该种压缩集成材所需的原料， 不再 像原有集成材那样对光洁的平面进行胶合， 大大地降低了对原料表面光洁度的 要求， 因此大大拓宽了原料的选取范围， 直径约几厘米的木质材料经剥皮或竹 片除去竹青竹黄就可以使用， 三年左右的人工林材即可被使用， 大大提高了林 地的效益。 因此本发明的压缩集成材， 可适合于处理人工林速生小径材和竹 材， 生成后的压缩集成材强度高、 稳定性好， 适用于木结构的房、 家具、 木 门、 地板及其室外用材等。
具体实施例 1
要生产 2 米长、 断面为 1 5 厘米的正方形压缩集成材， 可通过以下方法步 骤：
步骤 1、 安装相应断面的开口模具， 所述开口模具内设有锥度。
步骤 2、 组坯： 确定产品平均密度为 0. 7 克 /立方厘米， 称取相应量， 无皮、 较通直、 小头直径 4厘米左右， 2米长， 含水率 20%的小径材， （最好是 密度相近的树种， 树脂多， 胶合性能差的不能用， 原料以人工林速生材为好， 如桉树、 杨树和杉树等）， 大小头交替放置， 捆扎好。
步骤 3、 在 100。 以上的蒸汽软化 30-60分钟；
步骤 4、 在固含物 35%、 温度 60 °C ~ 80 °C的较低粘度酚醛树脂中浸数秒钟 以上。
步骤 5、 在保温状态下陈化 3 ~ 5分钟。
步骤 6、 将成捆的木材强制推进空心模具中进行压缩变形， 用钢绳在空心 模具出口对成捆的木材进行连续缠绕对变形限定。
步骤 7、 在压力容器内给钢丝绳通电， 升温速度控制在每小时 30 °C左右， 按需要在 160-220 °C之间， 利用木材产生的蒸汽定型处理 30-60 分钟（如调 色、 防腐或提高稳定性需要处理时间可相应延长）， 而后緩慢冷却到 40 °C , 就 可出料；
步骤 8、 在专用设备回收钢丝绳， 以备循环使用。
步骤 9、 按要求尺寸刨平即可；
步骤 10、 按要求尺寸锯切刨平即为成型产品。
具体实施例 2
要生产 2米长， 断面尺寸为 15厘米 x l 3厘米的压缩集成材竹方， 包括以 下步骤：
1、 安装相应断面模具；
2、 备料： 将 2 米长毛竹段剖成 4 片， 去内外节压平， 并去竹青竹黄（不 用定厚， 同一片内或竹片间厚度都可不同）， 气干至含水率 25%左右；
3、 组坯： 按压缩集成后密度为 0. 8g/cm3 , 称取相应量的竹片： 层层均匀 摆放， 大小头交替， 捆扎后的断面尺寸比压缩后的尺寸大 2-3cm即可。
以后步骤同具体实施例 1相同。
本发明并不局限于前述的具体实施方式。 本发明扩展到任何在本说明书中披露 的新特征或任何新的组合， 以及披露的任一新的方法或过程的步骤或任何新的 组合。

Claims

WO 2014/090165 权 利 要 求 书 PCT/CN2013/089134
1、 压缩集成材， 其特征在于： 它由若干被压缩的木质材料（1 )通过胶合剂
( 2 )胶合而成； 所述木质材料（1 )在被压缩前， 相互的接触面为平面 和 /或孤面。
2、 压缩集成材生产方法， 其特征在于： 它包括：
, 步骤一、 组坯过程： 取适量的木质材料（ 1 )进行施胶处理；
步骤二、 压缩过程： 将上述施胶后的木质材料（ 1 )连续地送入空心模具 中， 使木质材料（1 )受到压缩变形， 在空心模具的出口处对压缩变形后 的木质材料（ 1 )用钢绳连续缠绕捆绑；
步骤三、 定型过程： 压缩后的木质材料（1 )在钢绳的限定下， 被成批地 送入容器中， 将捆绑用的钢绳作为电热元件通电发热， 进行高温蒸汽胶 合定型处理。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的压缩集成材生产方法， 其特征在于： 所述木质材料
( 1 ) 被连续送入带有锥度的空心模具， 使木质材料（ 1 )整体受到压缩 变形。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的压缩集成材生产方法， 其特征在于： 组坯过程前， 可将木质材料（ 1 )进行软化处理； 在组培过程前或组培过程后可将木质 材料（ 1 )进行捆扎。
5、 如权利要求 2所述的压缩集成材生产方法， 其特征在于： 定型过程中， 钢绳被作为为电热元件通电发热， 由木质材料 （1 ) 自身水分产生的 160 °C ~ 220 °C蒸气， 进行定形处理 30 ~ 60分钟， 再緩慢冷却至 40 °C。
6、 一种采用权利要求 2至 5之一所述的压缩集成材生产方法制成的压缩集 成材， 其特征在于： 它由若干被压缩的木质材料（1 )通过胶合剂 （2 ) 胶合而成； 所述木质材料（ 1 )在被压缩前， 相互的接触面为平面和 /或 弧面。
PCT/CN2013/089134 2012-12-12 2013-12-11 压缩集成材及其生产方法 WO2014090165A1 (zh)

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