WO2014089892A1 - 差分电容位移量的转换和细分方法及电容型线性位移测量系统 - Google Patents
差分电容位移量的转换和细分方法及电容型线性位移测量系统 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/003—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/24—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
- G01D5/241—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes
- G01D5/2412—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes by varying overlap
Definitions
- the invention relates to a capacitance displacement measuring technology, in particular to a method and a subdivision method for differential capacitance displacement and a capacitive linear displacement measurement.
- the conversion of the differential capacitance displacement has two purposes. The first purpose is to propose a conversion reference for the differential capacitance displacement, and the second is to convert the differential capacitance variation into a pulse width amount.
- the capacitance type linear displacement measurement system is Large-scale, absolute position measurement, transmission and circuit are all simple digital, and can be used in harsh environments such as water, oil and dust pollution; and micro (MEMS), nano-scale.
- the first capacitive sensor in Switzerland was used on digital display gauges for a wide range of applications and success. Such as the incremental capacitive digital caliper, which is the relative displacement of the amount.
- Patents include CH004241 (or US3857092 or DE221E824), CH635423 (or US4420754, or US4743092), CH651136 (or US4437055), CH665714 (or US4810951, or CN8i) 07942), CH670306 (sS ⁇ US4841225, or CN8707060).
- Japan Since then, Japan has pioneered absolute capacitive digital calipers. This is an absolute position measurement with a fixed origin and no adjustment required for measurement.
- Patents include JP078947 (or US4879508), US4959615 (or CN1039301), US5225830 (or CN1067311), JP270912, (or Ui;5391992, or CN10863.09) and the like.
- the measurement method of the displacement amount of the existing capacitance sensor is that the electrode is designed to be differential (or differential), and the capacitance change amount of the movable electrode at the time of displacement and the coupling area of the fixed electrode is periodically changed, and Subdivision measurements are interpolation methods.
- the measurement method of the displacement amount of the existing capacitance sensor there is no reference for converting the measured differential capacitance change amount to the displacement amount (hereinafter referred to as the conversion reference of the differential capacitance displacement amount); it can only correspond to the predetermined differential capacitance change amount.
- the amount of displacement is selected. It is precisely because of this measurement method that the potential of the capacitive displacement sensor cannot be radiant.
- the measurement method of the displacement amount of the existing capacitance sensor and the interpolation method of the subdivision measurement are all selected according to the displacement amount corresponding to the predetermined differential capacitance variation, and therefore the measurement environment and the measurement condition are required to be high, Waterproof, oil-proof, dust-proof, to ensure that the air medium constant between the moving electrode and the fixed electrode is kept constant, and the measurement conditions corresponding to the predetermined amount of capacitance change are exactly the same as the environment, so as to ensure the differential difference.
- the displacement amount and interpolation value selected by the amount of capacitance change are reliable and effective.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a conversion reference and subdivision method for differential capacitance displacement: changing the measurement method and subdivision of the displacement amount selected by the predetermined differential capacitance variation.
- the method does not require the measurement environment and measurement conditions.
- the subdivision method is very simple, no interpolation is needed, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
- the circuit is simple and the range of use is not limited: This is the difference between the differential capacitance displacement conversion.
- One of the purposes is to propose a conversion reference and a subdivision method for the differential capacitance displacement, which is also the first object of the present invention.
- the differential capacitance displacement sensor only one fixed electrode is a fixed plate, and there is a movable moving pole K on the opposite side of the fixed plate electrode, and only one pair on the movable plate is respectively
- the first and second electrodes, the movable plate can move parallel to the fixed plate along the width b coordinate direction of the fixed plate; here, the width b of the fixed plate is the first pair of the movable plate respectively And a cover width b of the second electrode and the fixed plate electrode (hereinafter referred to as a width b), which is also a displacement distance s of a pair of differential displacement intervals of the first and second electrodes respectively on the movable plate (hereinafter Referred to as the differential displacement interval).
- the moving plates and the fixed plates are only relative and can be interchanged.
- the electrodes on the fixed plate have the same shape, the same size, and the same electrical conductivity; the electrodes on the moving plate that make up the differential measurement are also the same shape, the same size, and the same electrical conductivity.
- the two electrodes on the movable plate and the fixed plate electrode form a pair of differential capacitors, respectively, the first electrode is a differential capacitor and the second electrode is a differential capacitor.
- the intermediate electrode of the first electrode and the second electrode on the movable plate corresponds to the center line of the electrode on the fixed plate, and the electrodes of the two differential capacitors on the movable plate and the upper electrode of the fixed plate are covered.
- the two areas are equal, that is, the first differential capacitance ( ⁇ and the second differential capacitance G are equal.
- the capacitance of the other differential capacitor decreases due to the reduction of the electrode coverage area, and the capacitance change decreases linearly; one of the electrode coverage areas increases and the other
- the reduction in the area covered by one electrode is equal, so the area covered by the total electrode is constant: that is, the pair of the first and second electrodes on the moving plate are opposite to those on the plate.
- the width b covered by the electrode is constant, that is, the displacement distance s of the differential displacement interval is constant; thus, the capacitance increase of the corresponding one differential capacitor and another difference Capacitance reduction are equal in capacitance, so that the capacitance of a capacitor with two differential and (d + C 2) is constant; that is to say the push-pull variation ⁇ linearly symmetrical.
- One is the displacement distance s (or width b) of the differential displacement interval, and the other is the sum of the capacitance changes measured in the differential displacement interval (d-'G), which is the difference between the two.
- the amount of displacement of the unit capacitance change (indicated by) when measured within the interval s (or width b).
- the displacement amount d of this unit capacitance change amount as long as the measurement conditions and measurement environment remain unchanged. It is equivalent.
- this unit capacitance change amount of displacement d. that is, the measured capacitance change amount is converted into the displacement amount reference, and this is the reference of the dynamic tracking.
- the measured capacitance change amount (d+G) changes with the change.
- the width distance s [or width b) of the differential displacement interval is unchanged, and the displacement amount d of the unit capacitance change amount. That is, with the following changes of the phase:
- the measurement environment and measurement conditions are not required to be high, and it is not required to be waterproof, oil-proof, dust-proof, and it is necessary to ensure the moving electrode and The air medium constant between the fixed electrodes is kept constant and the like.
- the capacitive measurement method is subtly grafted from the inductive synchronizer (or electromagnetic induction type) measurement method; the capacitive incremental and absolute measurement methods are the same as the electromagnetic induction type, the difference is
- the electromagnetic induction type is an electromagnetic induction that corrodes a printed induction coil on a ferromagnetic body; and the capacitance type is an electrostatic induction that corrodes a printed electrode on a medium (insulator).
- the inventor is the earliest research and development of area-changing capacitive sensor in China.
- the original idea of writing a grid-shaped capacitive sensor was originally written to the director of the State Council, Mr. Fang Yi, and was denied by the university professor. Since then, there have been innovations in this topic, and this is the earliest application for invention patents in China.
- many years and many parties have requested innovation funding, which is fruitless and has no way; and no innovators can receive repeated innovation funding for many years and many parties.
- the result is only an incremental capacitive digital caliper article that repeats the same model in Switzerland (SYLVAC system), not an innovation.
- the gate capacitance displacement sensor CN86106558 patent also has a capacitance sensor measurement circuit.
- the lack of innovation is funded and cannot be tested.
- no innovation, no innovation, no innovation, no injustice not only nowhere to say, but also a source of anger and special whimsy.
- the human brain can also do virtual experiments.
- the countless calculation charts of the estimated electrodes it is suddenly found that the sum of the areas covered by the two electrodes in the differential displacement interval is constant, which makes the inventor jump out of the cured electromagnetic induction type.
- the measurement method which breaks through the technical bias, has the present invention.
- the first object of the present invention is to change the current measurement method; instead of selecting a displacement measurement method and a subdivision measurement method according to a predetermined differential capacitance change amount.
- the conversion reference of the differential capacitance displacement is proposed, and the displacement is directly solved by the differential capacitance variation, which is the first purpose of the conversion of the differential capacitance displacement.
- the second purpose is to convert the differential capacitance variation into the pulse width corresponding to the displacement: it is also the second purpose of the differential capacitance displacement conversion of the present invention.
- the conversion reference of the differential capacitance displacement amount is proposed, and the capacitance variation amount in the differential capacitance sensor can be directly converted into the displacement amount 1 ⁇ 2.
- the measurement circuit of a capacitive sensor usually converts the amount of capacitance change into a quantity that is convenient for measurement, counting, and display.
- the commonly used voltage quantity, current quantity, pulse width quantity, and pulse frequency are selected by the measured power amount.
- the displacement amount shows that the simplest method is to convert the capacitance change amount into the pulse width amount by using a monostable flip-flop: two monostable flip-flops used in the measurement circuit of the inventors' earlier CN1167371 and CN1240928 patents,
- the differential capacitors are simultaneously converted to pulse width quantities for comparison.
- the output pulse width of the one-shot is it, ⁇ 0. 69RC, which requires the resistance (and 3 ⁇ 4) used by the two monostable flip-flops to be equal. To do this, use a potentiometer to adjust the two resistor phases. S is the same as £
- the above is the second purpose of the differential capacitance change amount conversion, and the second object to be solved by the present invention is to propose the same monostable flip-flop circuit, which is not simultaneously measured, but sequentially, respectively.
- a circuit that converts differential capacitance into a pulse width amount, and a comparison of two pulse widths a is performed by a single-chip microcomputer for counting and analyzing. This kind of circuit does not need to adjust the potentiometer to balance the circuit, nor does it have a zero drift problem. In this way, the circuit that converts the differential capacitance change amount into the pulse width amount not only has a simple circuit and solves the problem of zero drift of the circuit; but also provides convenience and possibility for large-scale measurement.
- a third object of the present invention is to implement the first object and the second object of the present invention, and to provide a capacitive linear displacement measuring system which is a large-range absolute position measurement. It is also a further explanation of the conversion reference of the differential capacitance displacement amount, the differential capacitance change amount conversion width amount and the subdivision method applied in the measurement circuit of the system; the measurement circuit of the system uses a monostable trigger to convert the capacitance variation into The pulse width is t, 0. 69RC, and different resistors are connected in series on the fixed pole. Different resistors R have different measurement ranges (details are mentioned later), and the measurement range is independent of the plate area, only related to the resistor R. .
- the measurement range is not limited. Due to the use of differential capacitance displacement measurement reference and subdivision measurement method; the existing measurement method and subdivision measurement method of the selected displacement amount according to the predetermined differential capacitance change ⁇ : is changed, and there is no need to measure the measurement environment and measurement conditions. Requirement, the subdivision measurement method is very simple, does not require interpolation, and improves the measurement accuracy, and can be measured in a large range in harsh environments, and can be used on machine tools or other heavy machinery; it is micro power consumption, volume Small, sensor manufacturing and circuits are all simple digital, zero drift, good anti-interference stability and low cost: it is superior to electromagnetic induction such as Ball Grid, grating and magnetic grid.
- both the capacitive incremental displacement measurement and the absolute displacement measurement include a displacement scale component and a reading component.
- the reading member includes a moving electrode (the arrangement of the moving electrodes is different, and the details are described below in conjunction with the specifics) and the detecting circuit, that is, the moving ruler.
- the signals that need to be read by the reading component are different at each displacement, that is, each marking line is required to be distinguishable.
- the capacitive sensor of the present invention is also a new discussion and invention in the measurement of the absolute position displacement.
- the first way using the spatial multiplexing method to achieve incremental displacement measurement and absolute displacement measurement on the uniformly distributed electrodes.
- a series of uniformly distributed electrodes in the displacement scale unit are cut into upper and lower portions, the cutting positions of the odd electrode strips satisfy the periodic sinusoidal curve, and the cutting positions of the even electrode strips satisfy the new cosine curve.
- the incremental displacement measurement the upper and lower parts of each electrode are loaded with the same ⁇ number. When the cutting gap is small enough, each electrode can be regarded as the scale of the incremental measurement.
- the absolute displacement measurement the lower two parts of each electrode are loaded with opposite phase signals, and the signal sensed by the reading unit under a certain displacement depends on the difference between the areas of the lower two parts of the electrode covered by the reading unit.
- the phase value of the signal outputted by the reading unit at each displacement is different, and the absolute displacement information can be obtained by obtaining the phase value of the output signal by using the correspondence between the absolute displacement and the phase of the output unit of the reading unit.
- the displacement scale unit contains parallel multi-channel evenly distributed electrodes, and the reading unit can cover multiple I-electrodes at each position.
- each electrode is composed of an electrode connected with a positive polarity signal and a negative polarity signal.
- the polarity combination of the signals recorded by the electrodes covered by the reading unit at each displacement is different, according to the displacement and The correspondence of the polarity combinations can obtain the absolute displacement information by acquiring the polarity combination of the read signal output.
- the absolute displacement measurement is performed by acquiring the analog quantity, which is easily affected by the tilting process of the reading unit, and the actual mounting and movement of the reading unit cannot be completely completed with the displacement scale unit.
- the absolute displacement measurement will be different due to the degree of inclination of the reading unit, and the anti-interference ability is poor; and each electrode needs to be cut at a specific position, and the manufacturing process is complicated and costly.
- a channel comprising a plurality of electrodes since a channel comprising a plurality of electrodes, a larger number of electrodes, high cost, will be implemented on each of the signal electrodes linked to a specified polarity is complex
- the number of the area to be large is large, so the displacement measurement range is limited; the displacement scale unit and the reading unit have a plurality of externally-exposed signal lines, so that the connection between the assembly and the fixed member is also a troublesome problem.
- the above description shows that the problems that the prior art has formed are caused by the curing method, which is difficult to solve completely. That is to say the technical bias.
- a fourth object of the present invention is to integrate a micro-MEMS (MEMS) device, such as a detection circuit, a sensor, a display member, and a case or package, for the purpose of the first and second objects of the present invention.
- MEMS micro-MEMS
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the prejudice and deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a differential capacitance displacement conversion (conversion reference and conversion into pulse f width amount) and a subdivision method, the differential capacitance displacement amount
- the conversion includes a conversion reference with a differential capacitance displacement amount and a differential capacitance change j converted into a pulse width amount, which overcomes the existing measurement method, and does not convert the measured differential capacitance change amount into a displacement amount reference.
- the defect selected by the predetermined amount of displacement of the differential capacitance is the defect caused by the technical bias, so that there is no special requirement for the measurement ring and the measurement condition.
- the characteristic of the pulse width which is converted into the displacement by the differential capacitance displacement is that the measurement range can be independent of the plate area, and the subdivision method of the pulse width is the frequency subdivision method, and the capacitive linear displacement system is implemented.
- the sensor manufacturing and circuit are simple all-digital type, do not need interpolation, high precision, low power consumption, small size, zero-free, good anti-interference stability, low cost, and can be used in water and oil. , use of dust and other harsh measurement environment and expand the scope of application; it is better than electromagnetic induction type such as Ball Grid, grating and magnetic grid.
- MEMS miniature
- a differential capacitance displacement conversion and subdivision method characterized by: a differential capacitance displacement conversion reference and a subdivision method; [0047] the differential capacitance displacement conversion reference is a pair of differential capacitors The displacement distance s (or width b) of the differential displacement interval is compared with the sum of the first differential capacitance C measured in the differential shift interval and the second differential capacitance C 2 (C, +C 2 ) The ratio is the displacement of the unit capacitance change measured in the differential displacement zone (indicated by); at any point within the distance s (or width b) of the differential displacement interval, as long as the quantity conditions and measurement environment remain the same, this The displacement amount d of a unit capacitance change amount. It is the same.
- the measured differential capacitance change amount is converted into the displacement amount reference: and is the reference of the dynamic tracking, when the measuring strip and the measuring environment change, the measured The sum of the differential capacitance changes (d+C 2 ) varies with the tracking, and the distance within the differential displacement interval does not change, that is, the two electrodes on the moving plate and the electrodes on the fixed plate are covered.
- the width b has not changed, and the shift of the unit capacitance change amount is also tracked as the sum of the differential capacitance changes ((+G) changes; with this dynamic tracking reference, the difference shift is within the interval It is convenient to find the corresponding displacement amount when the differential capacitance is changed during displacement. This is to overcome the technical bias that the current measurement method does not convert the differential capacitance change into the displacement reference.
- the measured differential capacitance change amount is selected according to the displacement amount corresponding to the predetermined difference capacitance change amount, so that the measurement environment and the measurement condition are required to be high, and it is required to be waterproof, oil-proof, and dust-proof.
- the air medium constant between the moving electrode and the fixed electrode is kept constant, etc., and the circuit of this measuring method has modulation and demodulation, the amplifier, the D converter, etc. The more complicated the improvement, the more complicated the thinking is. From the improvement to the development of traditional measurement methods, from simple to complex, complex and complex..., can not jump out; once you can jump out of this complex, there is a new simplicity:
- the subdivision method refers to a capacitance change amount of a unit displacement amount, a capacitance change amount of a minimum unit displacement amount, that is, a resolution power
- Electrodes are grouped together, one end is connected to the resistor on the back side of the fixed plate, and the other end is connected to the ground end on the back side of the fixed plate.
- the electrode on the fixed plate is three adjacent electrodes.
- the resistance values of a total of parallel resistors are different. Different resistance values are used to ensure that the absolute displacement measurement of all large array capacitive sensors is different at each displacement.
- the capacitive sensor moving plate electrode is arranged in a concentrated manner on the left and right sides, the left side is concentrated in two groups A and C, and the
- the improvement of the present invention is that the left and right sides of the electrode plate are arranged in a concentrated manner to change A, C, B, D and (:, , D, B. Disperse array; thus, when the moving plate electrode and the fixed plate electrode are not parallel in the direction of motion, the effect on accuracy is small;
- the capacitive coupling and electrical connection of the capacitive sensor is such that four sets of electrode terminals of a small array on the moving plate are connected to the measuring path, and four sets of electrodes and a fixed pole of a small array on the moving plate
- the electrodes of the small array on the board are capacitively coupled, and the ends of all the electrodes of the small array on the fixed plate are connected together by the back side of the printed electrode plate to the ground; the four sets of electrode terminals of the large array on the moving plate are also
- the four sets of electrodes connected to the large array of measuring electroplates and the large array of electrodes on the fixed plate are capacitively coupled, and the large array of electrodes on the fixed plate are a group of each adjacent three electrodes.
- One end is connected to the resistor on the back side of the printed electrode plate, and the other end of the resistor is also connected to the it
- the power supply ground of the measuring circuit is connected.
- the measurement and subdivision method of the absolute position is a combination of a large array and a small array and a conversion of a differential capacitance displacement amount (conversion reference and conversion to a pulse width amount) and a subdivision method; a combination of a number of periods and a large number of segments; said small array is a combination of fractional and mantissa;
- the large number of segments are after the number of cycles, and the large number of segments are in a large array of capacitive sensor plate plates with a rectangular electrode width and a gap width within a period (or pitch), by eight linear differential displacements
- the composition of the measurement interval is represented by N, where N is C, 1, 2-7, and the interval number of the selected Nth interval in the four linear differential displacement measurement intervals of the large number of segments is measured at the time of measurement.
- the four sets of capacitance values of the large array are determined, that is, the capacitance of the four sets of electrodes and the plate electrodes of the large array are selected; the large number of segments exceeds the rectangular electrode of one A
- the resistance values of the two resistors connected by each adjacent three electrodes in the electrode on the fixed plate are different: different resistance values Is the number of cycles of the three electrodes;
- the number of cycles is that in the electrode on the plate, the resistance of each adjacent three electrodes is connected in a resistance value of Rm, and the number of cycles of the three electrodes in each resistance is
- the number of cycles is a resistance Rm in which the adjacent three electrodes are connected in parallel in the electrode on the fixed plate, which is not unique, and one or four electrodes may be connected in parallel.
- the resistance 13 ⁇ 4 can be determined according to the best state in the measurement;
- the small array is the remainder of the large number of segments, the small array of capacitive sensors on the fixed plate, the width and gap width of a rectangular electrode is one week (or pitch), and eight linear differential shifts from a small array
- the composition of the measurement interval is represented by n, where n is 0, 1, and 2, respectively, and the number of intervals of the selected nth interval among the eight linear differential displacement measurement intervals of the number of segments is measured at the time of measurement.
- the small array of four sets of capacitance is determined by comparison, that is, the state characteristics of the capacitance of the four sets of moving electrodes and the fixed plate electrodes of the small array are selected: a small array of capacitive sensors is exceeded on the fixed plate When the width and gap width of the rectangular electrode are one cycle (or pitch), it is a large array; [ooi] The remainder after the decimal segment is the mantissa; the mantissa is the conversion reference and subdivision of the differential capacitance displacement.
- the conversion reference of the differential capacitance displacement amount is a sum of a displacement distance s of a pair of differential displacement intervals and a first differential capacitance G and a second differential capacitance C 2 measured in the differential displacement interval (d+ Compared with C 2 ), this ratio is the displacement of the unit capacitance in the differential displacement interval : at any point within the distance s of the differential displacement interval, as long as the measurement conditions and measurement environment remain unchanged, The displacement i of the unit ⁇ variation is the same. With this unit capacitance change amount of displacement d. , there is also the measured change in capacitance It is the reference of the displacement amount; and it is the reference of the dynamic tracking.
- the mantissa subdivision method is a minimum unit amount of capacitance change amount of the capacitance change amount d s per unit displacement amount in a conversion reference of a pair of differential capacitance displacement amounts, and the minimum unit displacement amount is micrometer. That is, the capacitance change d s per micrometer must be able to measure the capacitance change d s per meter when measuring, that is, the minimum resolution can be measured as one micron, as long as the capacitance of the minimum unit displacement can be measured.
- the amount of change d is the minimum unit size;
- the order of the combination of the large array and the small array is that a resistance value of each adjacent three electrodes in the determined number of cycles in the large array is Rm, and three electrodes are determined by the resistor Rm.
- the number is the mantissa, and the mantissa is solved and subdivided by the conversion reference and subdivision method of the differential capacitance displacement:
- the absolute position measurement method is a combination of large array measurement and small array measurement; if no large array capacitance sensor is used for measurement, only the array capacitance sensor is measured, which is the incremental capacitance type displacement measurement;
- the measuring circuit of the capacitive sensor converts the amount of capacitance change into a quantity that is convenient for measurement, counting and display.
- the commonly used voltage quantity, current, pulse width quantity and pulse frequency, etc., here use a monostable trigger to change the capacitance
- the conversion to the pulse width amount is exemplified as follows.
- the output pulse width of the one-shot trigger is represented by t, that is, t ⁇ 069 RC;
- C is the capacitance change when the capacitance is detected.
- R is the resistance capacitor C connected in series.
- Changing the size of the resistor R is changing the magnitude of the charge or discharge current of the capacitor C, that is, changing the output pulse width amount t, in the single In the state trigger, the resistance of the resistor R is large, and the output pulse width is large, which is also an amplification; in the monostable trigger, the value of the resistor is unrestricted, and it has the smallest subdivision unit displacement.
- the amount of capacitance change i and the comprehensive consideration of the capacitance ⁇ sizing circuit capable of measuring the minimum unit displacement amount are selected;
- the measuring circuit comprises a differential capacitance change amount converted into a pulse width amount and a subdivision method: wherein the monostable trigger, the pulse width subdivision circuit, the timing switch circuit and the single chip microcomputer are formed;
- the monostable flip-flops are two precision monostable flip-flops, which are used to convert the electrical variation of small array capacitive sensor and large array capacitive sensor into pulse width variation, respectively.
- the timing switch circuit To control the triggering of a small array and a large array of monostable flip-flops, the timing switch circuit first measures the sum of four sets of shunt capacitors (referred to as the sum of the first four groups), and then measures the sum of the three sets of shunt capacitors in four times ( ⁇ The method of controlling the four sets of capacitive sensors of the small array and the four sets of capacitive sensors of the large array, respectively, the output pulse width of the steady-state flip-flop is divided into one by the pulse width subdivision circuit.
- the pulse train is input to a single-chip microcomputer, wherein each pulse width of the pulse train after the small array of the field is determined by the pulse width of the smallest subdivision unit;
- the pulse width pulse of the minimum subdivision unit is generated by a high frequency square wave oscillator; or provided by a single chip microcomputer.
- the pulse width subdivision circuit subdivides a large pulse of a single width into a pulse train, which is convenient for a single microcomputer to measure the degree of a single pulse, and can also capture/compare the pulse width with an embedded system.
- the peripheral control circuit of the single-chip microcomputer is simpler; [007p] The sum of the four groups of the first measurement of the time-series switching circuit, and the sum of the four groups of the last four times and the difference means that the sum of the four sets of parallel capacitances is measured first. After four measurements, the sum of the parallel capacitances of the three groups is measured. Finally, the difference between the sum of the four parallel capacitances and the sum of the three parallel capacitances is used to separately output the capacitance of each group. This has a single-chip microcomputer. carry out;
- the single-chip microcomputer is used for timing control detection of four sets of capacitance measurements for small array capacitive sensors and large array capacitive sensors, storage after detection, comparison of four sets of capacitance values of small arrays and large arrays, calculation , control and output display, etc.
- a fourth object of the present invention is to integrate a detecting circuit, a sensor, a display member and an outer (or package) micro device for carrying out the first object and the second object of the present invention.
- the detection circuit of the capacitive sensor is an integrated circuit, which is the same as the electrical charging process of the capacitive sensor, and is a mature technology. The question is whether it can be miniaturized, that is to say the MEMT?
- MEMS is a micro electro mechanical system. Abbreviation It is defined as a functional unit containing electronic and/or mechanical "components" with feature sizes ranging from 100 nm to 1 . There are also some people who simply limit the overall size of MEMS devices to less than one cubic centimeter, and more importantly, multi-components, complex functions, system integration, and the ability to mass produce. MEMS are miniaturized, cheap versions of their macro world counterparts. Its function is the same or better. This technology has matured to the point where it can be transferred from pure research to the development of commercial products.
- a miniature capacitive precision position sight is a miniature capacitive precision position sight implemented by a differential capacitance displacement conversion reference and subdivision method and a differential capacitance change amount converted into a pulse width amount and a subdivision method.
- the utility model is characterized in that: it comprises the monostable trigger, the pulse width subdivision circuit, the single-chip microcomputer, the sensor of the CN86106551 patent, the display component and the shell integrated into one micro: capacitive precision position sight .
- the miniature capacitive precision position sight uses the circuit of the present invention to convert the differential electrical variation into the pulse width amount, which is not only a simple circuit, but also a measurement of the analog quantity to a digital quantity, which improves the accuracy of the measurement, More important factors of resolution and speed, to say a little, this improvement can only be improved by an order of magnitude in accuracy, which is the second factor to improve accuracy;
- the miniature capacitive precision position sight has a volume of less than 1 cubic centimeter, all the additional useless capacitance affecting the measured capacitance is greatly reduced, and the distance between the moving electrode and the fixed electrode can be reduced from 10 micrometers to 1 micrometer. This can improve the accuracy only by an order of magnitude, which is the third factor to improve the subdivision and accuracy;
- the circuit for converting the differential electrical variation into the pulse width of the present invention has no noise influence such as zero drift, and can eliminate all the additional useless capacitance, which is the fourth factor for improving the accuracy;
- the subdivision precision of the present invention depends on the frequency subdivision.
- the frequency subdivision method is simpler and more reliable than the interpolation method, and the subdivision precision is high, which is the fifth factor of the improvement degree;
- the five items that improve the accuracy factor, the C-L-DR series capacitive position sight is integrated into the micro the subdivision accuracy of the micro-capacitor precision j-position sight of the present invention can be improved from micron level to Nanoscale (from 10 nanometers to 1 nanometer). It is also stated that this positional sight is a requirement for integrated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This is due to the fact that the present invention has a differential capacitance displacement conversion (conversion reference and conversion to pulse fe metric) and a new method of subdivision that promotes the potential of capacitive displacement sensors. Prior art measurement methods are difficult to achieve - the goal
- the miniature capacitive precision position sight has coarse measurement and fine sight; the large width of the coarse measurement electrode is used to indicate the adjustment range, and the precision electrode width is small for precise aiming and positioning, and the subdivision displacement
- the digital indications one-dimensional and two-dimensional aiming positioning, single point, multi-point, special point and special way positioning, etc., see CN86106551 patent.
- a miniature CMOS capacitor proximity switch converts a differential capacitance variation into a pulse width amount and a micro-CMOS electrical proximity switch implemented by a subdivision method, which is characterized in that it includes two single circuits in the CN1167371 patented circuit.
- the steady state flip-flop is replaced by a single CMOS capacitor proximity switch, a pulse width subdivision circuit, a monolithic micro-i computer, and a housing integrated into a miniature CMOS capacitor proximity switch.
- the characteristic is that the product is equivalent to the size of the triode or Hall element, but the reference piece does not need to be a magnetic body as required by the Hall element, but any metal and non-metal substance can be used as the answering piece, and low voltage and micro work Consumption, etc., its adaptation surface is wider than Hall elements.
- a miniature capacitive encoder is a miniature capacitive encoder implemented by a differential capacitance displacement conversion reference and subdivision method and a differential capacitance variation converted into a pulse width one and a subdivision method, and is characterized in that:
- the invention includes a monostable flip-flop, a pulse width subdivision, a single-chip microcomputer, a sensor of the CN1240928 patent, a display device and a housing integrated micro-capacitor encoder. It is the same as a capacitive precision position sight > the subdivision accuracy can be increased to nanometer.
- MEMS mechanical motion parameters such as displacement, velocity, amplitude and frequency
- the dimensions of the micro-mechanical are generally on the order of millimeters to sub-micrometers, much smaller than macro-mechanical, so micro-mechanical Dynamic characteristics are easily disturbed by the I path.
- the optical test method is non-contact measurement, and has the characteristics of good resolution and high precision, it has become a research hotspot in the field of microcomputer testing.
- a series of MEMS dynamic parameter test instruments using optical test methods such as laser Doppler vibrometers, stroboscopic micro-interference systems (SMIS), computational micro-vision systems (CMVS), and fiber-optic Michelson interferometers, have been extensively studied. Has invested >
- the above described micro device of the present invention can satisfy the above test conditions and requirements.
- the electrode plate of the micro device of the present invention or the plate of the fixed plate (the movable plate and the fixed plate are relatively interchangeable.) can be rotted on the side to be measured of the device to be tested, or formed into a strip shape.
- the tape pattern is attached to the side to be measured of the measuring piece, or the moving plate is directly fixed on the device to be tested.
- the capacitive sensor is originally a non-contact measurement, so that the miniaturized measurement does not interfere with the dynamic characteristics of the micromachine, and the micro device of the present invention can Satisfying the requirements of high resolution and high precision, the software of single-chip micro-calculation f can change the single position measurement into multiple parameters such as position, displacement, velocity, amplitude and frequency, and add it to the integrated circuit.
- the wireless receiving unit remotely measures the transformation of the parameter or the multi-parameter simultaneous measurement with the transmitting part of the remote controller.
- the miniature capacitive precision position sight and the miniature capacitance encoder are characterized in that the electrode plate or the fixed plate (the movable plate and the fixed plate are relatively interchangeable) can be rotted. It is made on the side to be measured of the DUT, or is made into a tape like a tape pattern attached to the side to be measured of the DUT, or the moving plate is directly fixed on the DUT. This non-contact measurement does not interfere with the micro-measurement.
- the transmitter's transmitter remotely measures the transformation of parameters or simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters.
- the present invention can be used in harsh environments such as water, oil, and dust pollution. It is not required to be waterproof, oil-proof, dust-proof, and to ensure that the air medium constant between the moving electrode and the solid electrode is kept constant. This shows that the invention expands the range of use of the capacitive sensor.
- the capacitance change amount is converted into a displacement amount reference; and the dynamic tracking reference amount is used, and the reference is determined by the difference bit 3 ⁇ 4; the displacement amount corresponding to the displacement change in the interval; the detection method is suitable for all differential capacitance sensors This method can be used as long as it is a capacitive displacement measurement. It is a very simple and universal method.
- the invention solves the displacement amount by using the dynamic tracking reference amount, and realizes the capacitance variation per unit displacement, which is convenient for subdivision, and is not the most convenient for frequency subdivision, and does not require an A/D converter.
- the present invention has a differential capacitance displacement conversion reference and subdivision method
- the single bit measurement is changed into multi-parameters such as position, displacement, velocity, amplitude and frequency by software of a single-chip microcomputer.
- Measurement adding a wireless receiving component to the integrated circuit, and remotely measuring the transformation of the parameter with the transmitting member of the remote controller.
- This is a measurement method that is selected according to the displacement amount corresponding to the predetermined differential capacitance variation, and is capable of measuring a single displacement measurement into a multi-parameter measurement such as position, displacement, velocity, amplitude, and frequency.
- the invention uses a monostable flip-flop circuit to convert the degree differential capacitance change into a pulse width quantity, which is the simplest circuit, which is good in digital channel anti-interference; also provides convenience for large-scale measurement and may.
- This is the capacitance change amount converted into the pulse width amount t 0. 59RC, which is connected in series with different resistances, that is, the width of each rectangular electrode and the width of one gap are different in the resistance connected in series in one cycle, and the differential capacitance shift The conversion is different for the amount of pulse width, and the position represented is different.
- the subdivision measurement method of the present invention is capable of measuring the pulse width of the smallest subdivision unit corresponding to the j amount circuit as long as the capacitance change amount d s which can measure the minimum unit displacement amount is the smallest subdivision amount.
- the pulse width of the smallest subdivision unit is the pulse width of each single sub-divided circuit, that is, the pulse of each unit generated by the high-frequency square wave oscillator, so the subdivision method is frequency subdivision. Method, very ⁇ ! Single; also facilitates the measurement of micro-nano.
- the frequency subdivision method is the simplest of the existing subdivision methods.
- the present invention is suitable for measurement of all differential capacitance displacement sensors, which converts the capacitance ⁇ into a pulse width amount without an analog component such as an amplifier, all of which are digital components with good anti-interference, and no need for a potentiometer for circuit measurement.
- Zero adjustment, no zero drift, all interference and parasitic (or additional) capacitors are the same, no comparison exists, it is a very simple and universal method, you can use the embedded system to pulse width
- the peripheral control circuit of the single-chip microcomputer is simpler, and the integrated capacitance change amount is converted into a pulse width amount dedicated integrated control ⁇ , such as CNS6106551, CN1167371, and CN1240928, etc.
- a pulse width amount dedicated integrated control ⁇ such as CNS6106551, CN1167371, and CN1240928, etc.
- the sensors, display members and housings of the CN1167371 and CN1240928 patents are integrated into a single micro device.
- the electrode pattern of the present invention is only a rectangular shape, the rule is simple, the process is simple, and the cost is low; the pole plate can be made into a roll-to-roll flexible printed board to meet different measurement lengths; Can be integrated with the printed board.
- the simplest process is the resistor 3 ⁇ 4
- the small array capacitive sensor of the present invention and the large array of capacitive sensors have only four sets of electrode groups on the movable plate, but one cycle of the width and the gap width of a rectangular electrode on the fixed plate (or Within the pitch, there are eight sets of linear displacement measurement intervals for a pair of differential capacitors.
- the invention has fewer electrode groups and a pair of differential capacitance linear displacement measurement intervals, and both are linear displacement measurement areas; but in the US 3S57092 patent, the number of electrodes I1L is large, and a pair of differential capacitance linear displacement measurements are formed. There are few intervals and there is a nonlinear displacement measurement area.
- the circuit used in the present invention is also simpler than the circuit of the US 385 TO92 patent.
- one row of electrodes is arranged in two rows.
- the adjacent electrodes arranged in a row are separated into upper and lower rows, skipping the gap width between adjacent poles.
- Each electrode has a proper width, that is, the actual width and the nominal width are the same, and the original is converted in turn.
- the starting point of the differential coverage of the moving electrode and the fixed electrode is zero coverage (ie, not covered yet), so that the nonlinearity caused by the edge effect is not used; the CN86106558 patent used in the present invention
- the point at which the differential electrode and the fixed electrode are differentially covered is not the zero coverage, but is selected such that the coverage is greater than or equal to the vertical distance between the movable electrode and the fixed cover, and thus the distance between them, which is not
- the nonlinearity caused by the edge effect ensures that a pair of differential capacitors are linear in the linear displacement measurement area.
- the capacitive coupling of the capacitive sensor is that the detection circuit is first applied to the electrode of the movable plate and the electrode of the fixed plate. Coupling, after the electrical connection between the electrode on the FT plate and the electrode, the secondary capacitance coupling method of the electrode on the fixed plate and the electrode of the moving plate is fed back to the pole detection circuit, so that the two capacitive coupling modes are two A capacitor is connected in series, the amount of capacitance change is reduced, and the area occupied by the plate is large; the primary capacitive coupling method of the present invention does not have this problem, and _a, the mechanical value of the sliding metal piece and the measuring circuit of the machine tool or the machine through which the displacement is measured
- the connection method of the grounding terminal has been proved to be feasible by the practical effect of the CWM-DR series capacitive position sight implemented by the CN86106551 patent for the four aiming positioning of the machine tool table. This is simpler than the reflective clustering in the prior art.
- each of the adjacent three electrodes of the present invention is connected in parallel with a resistor having different resistance values, and the other end of the resistor is connected: ⁇ , the resistor is soldered on the fixed plate
- ⁇ the resistor is soldered on the fixed plate
- the back side of the electrode printed circuit board does not affect the parallel movement of the moving plate and the fixed plate.
- the power ground of the moving plate is also connected to a grounding end of the resistor through the sliding metal piece of the machine tool or the machine whose measured displacement is measured, and the machine tool that normally measures the displacement has a grounding wire, so that the measurement of the present invention
- the circuit is also a well-known actual grounding line, which is beneficial for preventing stray interference, etc.; it also prevents the ground potential from drifting.
- the measurement circuits of the prior art all use circuits such as modulation, demodulation and amplifier; this is an analog circuit, which has the disadvantage of being susceptible to interference distortion.
- the circuit of the present invention is all digital circuits, and there are no interference and distortion problems. Digital instruments are orders of magnitude higher than the accuracy, resolution and speed of analog instruments. The goal of the third industry in manufacturing is to digitize. In this regard, the present invention is also simpler than the prior art.
- the sensor manufacturing and circuit are simple all-digital type, do not require interpolation, high subdivision precision, power consumption, small size, zero drift, anti-interference stability It has good performance, low cost, and can be used in harsh measurement environments such as water, oil and dust pollution, and has expanded its application range; it is superior to electromagnetic induction type such as Ball Grid, grating and magnetic grid.
- micro-devices used in the conversion reference and subdivision methods of differential capacitance displacement, and the conversion of differential capacitance variation into pulse width and subdivision methods are: the detection circuit, the sensor, the display, and the outer casing (or Package) Integrated micro devices (capacitive precision bit sights, CMOS capacitor proximity switches and capacitor encoders) are:
- the integrated micro device of the present invention increases the measurement accuracy of the differential capacitance displacement sensor to the nanometer level. This is a potential for the present invention to drive a capacitive shift sensor.
- the integrated micro device of the present invention provides an economical and convenient new way to accurately measure mechanical motion parameters (such as displacement, velocity, amplitude, frequency, etc.) of the MEMS. .
- the integrated miniature CMOS capacitor proximity switch of the present invention can be used for low voltage, micro power consumption, metal parts and non-metal parts, etc., and its adaptation surface (; ⁇ Hall element is wide. Other similar aspects are not repeated .
- the measuring principle and measuring method of the invention are simple, and the subdivision measuring method is the simplest frequency subdivision method, especially the large-scale measuring method is simpler than the prior art, and the capacitive sensor plate electrode pattern is simple and the process is simple.
- the circuit is also very simple, which means that the manufacturing is simple and low in cost; the edge and the nonlinearity in the prior art , hot noise, zero drift, interference, additional parasitic capacitance, etc. have been overcome and solved one by one, which shows that it has good linearity, strong anti-interference and good stability; and can adapt to various kinds of water, oil, dust, etc.
- this invention overcomes the technical prejudice and changes the unique advantages obtained by the measurement method; thereby expanding the scope of application and adapting to a wide range, and providing possibility for the use of capacitive sensors in heavy-duty machine tools or machinery to measure the displacement of the fij;
- the Ball Grid used in the prior art is simple to manufacture, low in cost, small in size, and low in power consumption. Line.
- the conversion reference of the differential capacitance displacement amount is the displacement distance s (or the width b) of the differential displacement interval of the pair of differential capacitances and the first measurement in the differential displacement interval.
- this ratio is the displacement of the unit capacitance change measured in the differential displacement interval (indicated by d);
- the amount of displacement d of the amount of change in capacitance.
- the measurement principle and method of the present invention break through the tradition, and the capacitive sensor and the measurement circuit are independent innovations.
- the capacitive sensor has the advantages of ⁇ impedance and micro power consumption, and the advantages of the method for solving the displacement amount by the differential capacitance change amount converted into the displacement amount, and the frequency fine ⁇ method, and the development of micro-nano measurement and nanotechnology. It is promoted.
- the integration of the capacitive sensor and the measuring circuit to improve the subdivision accuracy to the nanometer level is a complement to the MEMS mechanical motion parameters (such as displacement, velocity, amplitude and frequency).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a capacitive sensor of a pair of differential electrodes.
- FIG. 2 is an arrangement diagram of capacitor sensor electrodes of the CN86106558 patent.
- FIG. 3 is an improved view of the arrangement of the capacitive sensor electrodes of the CN'86106558 patent.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the operation of the differential electrode of the capacitive sensor electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a layout diagram of electrode arrangement of a capacitive sensor of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a layout diagram of electrode arrangement of a capacitive sensor of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a width amount circuit for converting a capacitance change amount into a pulse ' using a monostable flip-flop according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of a capacitive linear displacement measuring system of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a capacitive sensor of a pair of differential electrodes.
- 10 is the electrode of the plate.
- 21 and 22 are the electrode plates of the movable plate and the electrodes 21 and 22 of the movable plate are schematic diagrams of capacitive sensors constituting a pair of differential electrodes, respectively.
- a is the insulation width of the adjacent electrodes. Considering that the electrode width b is larger than the adjacent electrode ⁇ width a, and the value of a is small, it is ignored.
- the insulation width between adjacent electrodes of Figure 1 in the US Pat. No. 3,857,092 patent is not labeled a, and is considered small and neglected. And the amount of displacement of the left and right shifts of the table dynamic plate, respectively.
- 1(a) is a view showing a center position of the stationary plate electrode 10 at the center between the movable plate electrode 21 and the electrode 22.
- the differential capacitance between the stationary plate electrodes 10 and the movable plate electrodes 21 is represented by ?
- the differential capacitance between the movable plate electrodes 22 and the moving plate electrodes 22 is represented by C2 .
- the coverage area of the electrode plate 10 and the movable plate electrode 21 is equal to the coverage area of the movable plate electrode 22: the differential capacitance C1 and the differential capacitance 2 are equal.
- Fig. 1(b) shows the position where the movable electrode 21 and the electrode 22 are shifted to the left. In this position, the coverage area of the stationary plate electrode 10 and the movable plate electrode 2] is smaller than that of the movable plate. Covering area of the electrode 22: the differential capacitor c is correspondingly smaller than the differential capacitor c 2 ; however, the amount of reduction in the area of the plate electrode 10 and the moving plate electrode 21 is equal to the amount of increase in the area of the moving plate electrode 22; Therefore, the difference between the differential capacitor (;! and the differential capacitor c 2 ( Cl + C2) is constant, which is the characteristic of the difference.
- the distance S (or width b) of the shift ff] is considered in conjunction with the displacement d of the unit capacitance variation amount as described in the present invention. None. It can be seen that people are: It is impossible to have a technical bias for converting the measured differential capacitance change into a displacement reference.
- the adjacent electrodes whose electrodes are originally arranged in a row are divided into upper and lower rows so that the gap width a between the adjacent electrodes is the same as the electrode width (or b), and each electrode also has an actual width and The nominal width is the same, and the conversion is changed to the up-and-down jump conversion.
- the gap width a between adjacent electrodes is skipped, and the linearity is improved; but the differential displacement of the movable electrode and the fixed electrode is relatively covered.
- the starting point has zero coverage (that is, it has not been covered yet), so there is still a non-defective effect caused by the edge effect ⁇ .
- the resolution is the selection of the smallest unit of the differential displacement interval distance 3 or (width b) in (3) or (4). If the minimum unit quantity is chosen to be 1 micron (or 0. L micron), then the subdivision The minimum resolution is 1 micron (or 0.1 micron). However, the measurement circuit should be able to measure the capacitance of this minimum resolution of 1 micron (0.1 micron) is a necessary condition. In the prior art, the potential for measuring small capacitance is very large. For example, the TH2617 precision electric measuring instrument can measure O. OOOlpF: Zhang Zhonghua's influence on the output characteristics of the capacitive sensor in the output characteristics
- FIG. 2 is an arrangement diagram of capacitor sensor electrodes of the CN86106558 patent.
- the upper layer is the plate electrode and the lower layer is the moving plate electrode.
- the relationship between the electrodes; ⁇ and the description can be found in the patent.
- the patent electrode plate electrodes are arranged in a concentrated manner on the left and right sides. The left side concentrates on the ⁇ and C groups, and the right side is the B and D groups.
- the disadvantage is that between the moving plate electrode and the stationary plate electrode. When the direction of motion is not parallel, the accuracy is affected. To this end, the present invention has been improved.
- FIG. 3 is an improved view of the arrangement of the capacitive sensor electrodes of the CN86106558 patent. This is to arrange the left and right sides of the moving plate electrode to be arranged in a scatter arrangement of ⁇ , C, B, D and (:, A, D, B. Thus, between the electrode of the moving plate and the electrode of the plate, When the direction of motion is not parallel, the effect on accuracy is small.
- A, C, B and D are the four sets of electrodes on the moving plate, the upper layer is the fixed plate electrode, the capacitance of the four sets of electrodes A, C, B and D and the fixed plate electrode on the moving plate, Use Ca, Cc, Cb, and Cd to indicate respectively.
- n 3, in which the moving plate moves to the right, Cc>Di, the state characteristic is; Cc>Cd>Ch>Ca, and the sum of capacitances of C: and Cd (Cc and Cd) This differential shift interval is constant.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the arrangement of electrode plates of the capacitive sensor of the present invention.
- the upper large rectangular electrode is a large number of electrodes, and each of the three adjacent electrodes is connected at one end to a resistor, the other end of the resistor is connected to the E terminal, and the E terminal is the ground terminal. These are drawn on the back of the fixed plate by a dotted line.
- the lower small rectangular electrode is a fractional electrode, and each electrode is also connected together on the back side and connected to the E terminal.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement of electrode electrodes of the capacitive sensor of the present invention.
- the upper large rectangular electrode is a large number of electrodes, which are A, C, B, and D;
- the lower small rectangular electrode is a fractional electrode, which is a group of a, c, b, and d, and the same group of electrodes are also on the back. Connected together.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a circuit for converting a capacitance change amount into a pulse width amount using a monostable flip-flop according to the present invention.
- 1MT and 2MT are monostable transmitters.
- 1A and 2A are the AND circuit of the two-terminal input, that is, the subdivision circuit.
- ]G is an oscillation source containing the desired frequency.
- 1SCM is a single-chip microcomputer.
- 1RC and 2RC are capacitive sensors for a pair of differential electrodes tested.
- 1KC is the rough measurement part
- 2RC is its fine sight part
- 1C, and 1 are a pair of differential capacitances of the rough measurement part
- 2 ( ⁇ and 2C 2 are
- a pair of differential capacitors in the aiming section, 1R and 2R are the common resistors of the coarse and the fine-grained sections, respectively.
- 1RC, 1C, and 1C 2 are a pair of differential capacitors of the rough measurement portion, respectively, the switch lKu is controlled by 1R and 1 ( ⁇ is connected, and then the over-wire 1 is connected to the monostable flip-flop 1MT The same 1K 21 is connected to control 1R and 1 (] 2 , and then 1 ⁇ 22 is connected to the monostable trigger 1MT through the connection 3, and the four switches are connected to the oscillation source through the connection 2, and oscillate
- the source 1G is connected to the single-chip microcomputer 1SCM through the connection 15 , and the single-chip microcomputer 1SCM bypasses the oscillation source and controls the four switches, and uses the same monostable touch: 1MT circuit.
- the monostable flip-flop 1MT is connected to the gate 1A circuit through the connection 4 and the two-terminal input, and the AND gate 1A of the two-terminal input is connected through the connection 11 and the chirp source 1G, and the monostable trigger
- the output pulse of the 1MT and the high-frequency pulse of the oscillation source 1G are divided into a pulse train composed of the pulse width of the smallest subdivision unit through the subdivision path of the AND gate 1A input at the two ends, and the pulse train is output through the connection 13
- the two pulse widths of the differential capacitors (2 and 2) are exactly the same for the measuring components (such as the monostable flip-flop 2 ⁇ and the resistor 2R), and the balance of the potentiometer adjustment circuit is not the same as the 1RC measurement. No longer repeat.
- the monostable flip-flop 2 is connected to the gate 2 ⁇ circuit through the connection 9 and the two-terminal input, and the AND gate 2 ⁇ of the two-terminal input is connected to the oscillation source 1G through the connection 12, the monostable trigger 2 ⁇
- the output pulse and the high frequency pulse of the oscillation source 1G are divided into two sub-input gates of the AND gate 2 ⁇ , and are divided into a pulse train consisting of a pulse width of a minimum subdivision unit, and the pulse string is outputted to the single chip through the connection. Miniature Calculation; there is a single-chip microcomputer for counting and control.
- the single-chip microcomputer has inputs from the coarse and the fine-grained sections, and the results are compared by counting and analyzing.
- 3MT and 4MT are monostable triggers.
- 3A and 4A are the AND gates of the two-terminal input, that is, the subdivision circuit.
- 2G is an oscillation source containing the desired frequency.
- 2SCM is a single-chip microcomputer.
- 3RC and 4R are eight pairs of differential capacitance sensors composed of four sets of electrodes to be tested; 3RC is a large array part, and 4RC is a small array part.
- 3RC 3d, 3C 2 , 3 (: 3 and 3C 4 are the capacitances of the four sets of electrodes of the large array of A, B, C and D respectively.
- 3R is the resistance shared by these four sets of capacitances.
- Rm Is a resistor connected in parallel for each adjacent three electrodes in the electrode on the plate, used for the number of cycles of a large array, which is 3d, 3C 2 , 3C 3 and 3C 4 in series, by 3Id, 3K 2 3 ⁇ 3 and 3 ⁇ 4 are respectively controlling the connection of 3R and 3Ci, 3C 2 , 3C 3 and 3 ( 4 , and then 3K.
- the line 16 is connected to the oscillation source 2G, and the oscillation source 2G is connected to the single-chip microcomputer 2SCM through the connection line 27, and the single-chip microcomputer 2SCM is controlled by the oscillation source 2G and the above four switches, and the same one-shot is triggered.
- 3MT circuit, and control four sets of switches to measure in the following order first measure the sum of the four sets of capacitors A, B, C and D (referred to as the sum of the four sets of capacitors first), then divided into four times, from 4, B, C and D select the sum of three sets of capacitors in turn (referred to as the sum of the last four sets of three groups). This is the switch and the single chip micrometer.
- the computer is composed of the timing switch circuit.
- the output pulse width of the monostable flip-flop after each measurement is connected with the gate 3A circuit through the connection 18 and the two-terminal input, and the AND gate 3A of the two-terminal input. And connected to the oscillation source 2G through the connection 24, the output pulse 1 of the monostable trigger 3MT and the high-frequency pulse of the oscillation source 2G are divided into subdivision units by the subdivision circuit of the AND gate 3A input by the two terminals.
- the pulse width consists of a pulse train that is output through a wire 26 to a single-chip microcomputer; there is a single-chip microcomputer for counting and control. Finally, the difference between the sum of the four sets of parallel capacitances and the sum of the three parallel capacitances is used to determine the capacitance of each group separately; this is done by a single-chip microcomputer.
- 4d, 4C 2 , 4C 3 and 4C 4 are the capacitances of the four sets of electrodes a, b, c and d of the small array, respectively.
- 4R is the resistor shared by these four sets of capacitors.
- 41d, 4K 2 , 4 ⁇ 3 and 4 ⁇ 4 are respectively connected to 4R and 4d, 4C 2 , 4C 3 and 4C 4 , and then 4K.
- the four switches are connected to the oscillation source 2G through the connection 21, and the oscillation source 2G is connected through the wired single-chip microcomputer 2SCM, and the single-chip microcomputer 2SCM passes
- the oscillation source 2G and the above four switches are controlled by the same monostable flip-flop 3 ⁇ circuit, and the four groups of switches are controlled in the following order to measure, first measure the sum of the four sets of capacitors a, b, c and d (abbreviation)
- the sum of the four sets of capacitors is measured first, and then divided four times, and the sum of the three sets of capacitors (referred to as the sum of the last four times of the three groups) is sequentially selected from a, b, c, and d.
- the amount of output pulse width of the monostable flip-flop after each measurement is that the monostable flip-flop 4MT is connected to the gate 4A circuit through the connection 22 and the two-terminal input, and the AND gate of the two-terminal input 4A is connected to the oscillation source 2G through the connection 25, and the output pulse of the monostable trigger 4MT and the high-frequency pulse of the oscillation source 2G are divided into the subdivision unit of the AND gate 4A through the two-terminal input.
- a pulse train consisting of a pulse train that is output through a line 28 to a single-chip microcomputer; there is a single-chip microcomputer for counting and control.
- the difference between the sum of the four sets of parallel capacitances and the sum of the three sets of parallel capacitances is used to determine the capacitance of each group separately; this is done by a single-chip microcomputer.
- the single-chip microcomputer comprehensively performs calculation and comparison, gives the total number of sums of large arrays and small arrays, and outputs to display units and the like.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 The circuit elements, controls, and functions of FIGS. 7 and 8 are all substantially similar or identical. It can also be used to integrate a miniature CMOS capacitor proximity switch or a miniature capacitor encoder with only some modifications. This means that it can be made into the same special piece, which is suitable for the same function by the difference between the external part and the software.
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