WO2014083756A1 - 制御装置、制御方法、電源システムおよび電動車両 - Google Patents
制御装置、制御方法、電源システムおよび電動車両 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014083756A1 WO2014083756A1 PCT/JP2013/006279 JP2013006279W WO2014083756A1 WO 2014083756 A1 WO2014083756 A1 WO 2014083756A1 JP 2013006279 W JP2013006279 W JP 2013006279W WO 2014083756 A1 WO2014083756 A1 WO 2014083756A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
- G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
- G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a control device, a control method, a power supply system, and an electric vehicle.
- Secondary batteries are used as power sources for automobiles and backup as well as various electronic devices.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using lithium ion doping / undoping is widely known.
- the characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery may change depending on the use environment, use time, and the like. For this reason, various proposals for detecting the state of the lithium ion secondary battery have been made.
- the following Patent Document 1 uses the ratio (dV / dQ) of the amount of change in the voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery to the change in the amount of charge of the lithium ion secondary battery to degrade the lithium ion secondary battery. Techniques for determining the presence or absence of the are described.
- Patent Document 1 uses a ratio (dV / dQ) of the amount of change in the voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery with respect to the change in the amount of charge of the lithium ion secondary battery, so that a plurality of maximum values, minimum values, etc. It is necessary to find the feature points. For this reason, there existed a problem that the process which detects the state of a lithium ion secondary battery took time.
- one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a control device, a control method, a power supply system, and an electric vehicle that can quickly detect deterioration of a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the present disclosure provides, for example, A plurality of voltage information related to the voltage of the power storage unit at the time of discharging, an input unit; And a determination unit that determines whether or not the power storage unit has deteriorated by using voltage information at an early stage of discharge.
- This indication can also be constituted as an electric vehicle provided with this control device, for example.
- the present disclosure for example, A plurality of voltage information related to the potential of the power storage unit at the time of discharging is input, This is a control method in the control device that determines whether or not the power storage unit has deteriorated using voltage information at the initial stage of discharge.
- the present disclosure for example, One or more power storage units; An output unit that acquires the voltage of the power storage unit at the time of discharging and outputs voltage information related to the acquired voltage; An input unit for inputting a plurality of voltage information; And a determination unit that determines whether or not the power storage unit has deteriorated by using voltage information at an early stage of discharge.
- a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- an example of a battery used is a lithium ion secondary battery including a positive electrode active material and a carbon material such as graphite as a negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode material is not particularly limited, but preferably contains a positive electrode active material having an olivine structure.
- the positive electrode active material having an olivine structure a lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO 4 ) or a lithium iron composite phosphate compound containing different atoms (LiFe x M 1-x O 4 : M is one or more types) And x is preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1).
- the “main body” means 50% or more of the total mass of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer. Further, when M is two or more kinds, M is selected so that the sum of the subscripts is 1-x.
- M includes transition elements, IIA group elements, IIIA group elements, IIIB group elements, IVB group elements, and the like.
- those containing at least one of cobalt (Co), nickel, manganese (Mn), iron, aluminum, vanadium (V), and titanium (Ti) are preferable.
- the positive electrode active material is a metal oxide (for example, selected from Ni, Mn, Li, etc.) or phosphoric acid having a composition different from that of the oxide on the surface of the lithium iron phosphate compound or lithium iron composite phosphate compound.
- the coating layer containing a compound (for example, lithium phosphate etc.) etc. may be given.
- lithium lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMnO 2 ) having a layered rock salt structure, spinel structure
- Li lithium cobaltate
- LiNiO 2 lithium nickelate
- LiMnO 2 lithium manganate
- spinel structure A lithium composite oxide such as lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ) may be used.
- the graphite in the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and graphite materials used in the industry can be widely used.
- As the negative electrode material lithium titanate, silicon (Si) -based material, tin (Sn) -based material, or the like may be used.
- the method for producing the battery electrode according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and a method used in the industry can be widely used.
- the battery configuration in the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and known configurations can be widely used.
- the electrolytic solution used in the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and a wide variety of electrolytic solutions used in the industry can be used, including liquids and gels.
- electrolyte solvent 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (FEC), ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ⁇ -Butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, acetonitrile , Glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropironitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N-methyloxazolidinone, nitromethane, nitroethane, sulfolane,
- the electrolyte supporting salt is preferably lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide (Li (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ).
- Lithium hexafluoroarsenate LiAsF 6
- lithium tetrafluoroborate LiBF 4
- lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiSO 3 CF 3
- lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide Li (CF 3 SO 2)
- tris trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methyllithium (LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 .
- Lithium ion secondary batteries can be classified into rectangular, cylindrical, etc. according to their shape.
- a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery is used.
- One cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery is appropriately referred to as a cell.
- the cell voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery is, for example, about 3.2V.
- the full charge voltage of the cell is, for example, about 4.2 V, and the capacity is 3 Ah (ampere hour) (3000 mAh (milliampere hour)).
- a device in which a plurality of cells are connected is appropriately referred to as a submodule.
- the submodule has, for example, a configuration in which eight cells are connected in parallel.
- the voltage of the submodule is about 3.2 V which is substantially the same as the voltage of the cell, and the capacity is about 24 Ah.
- a unit formed by connecting a plurality of submodules is appropriately referred to as a storage block.
- the power storage block includes 16 submodules connected in series.
- a plurality of power storage blocks may be further connected.
- By connecting a plurality of power storage blocks it is possible to meet the demand for large capacity and large output.
- the number of cells constituting the submodule and the mode of cell connection can be changed as appropriate.
- the number of submodules constituting the power storage block and the connection mode of the submodules can be changed as appropriate.
- a power storage module is composed of one or a plurality of power storage blocks and peripheral circuits.
- One or more power storage modules are connected to the controller.
- a module controller (referred to as a sub-micro control unit as appropriate) included in the power storage module is connected to a main micro control unit included in the controller via a bus, for example.
- a serial interface is used as the bus.
- an SM bus System Management Bus
- CAN Controller Area Network
- SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
- Communication is performed between the sub-micro control unit and the main micro control unit.
- Information on the internal state of each power storage module for example, information on the voltage of each submodule, voltage information on the power storage block, information on current, information on the temperature of each submodule, information on the temperature of the power storage block, etc. Is transmitted from the unit to the main microcontroller unit.
- the main micro control unit manages charging and discharging of the power storage module according to these pieces of information.
- each of the sub-micro control unit and the main micro-control unit can be set as appropriate.
- the sub-micro control unit may autonomously manage charging and discharging of the power storage block.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a power supply system.
- the power supply system 1 has a configuration including, for example, a power storage module 2 and a controller 3. Electric power is transmitted and communicated between the power storage module 2 and the controller 3.
- a plurality of power storage modules may be connected and each power storage module may be connected to the controller.
- Power and control commands are transmitted from the upper power storage module via the lower power storage module, or conversely, from the lower power storage module via the upper power storage module.
- the controller 3 is connected to a load and a charging device (not shown) via a power cable and a communication bus.
- the electric power of the power storage module 2 is supplied to the load via the controller 3.
- the load connected to the controller 3 is a motor-type inverter circuit in an electric vehicle, a household power system, or the like.
- the outer case is desirably made of a material having high conductivity and emissivity.
- a material having high conductivity and emissivity By using a material having high conductivity and emissivity, excellent heat dissipation in the outer case can be obtained. By obtaining excellent heat dissipation, temperature rise in the outer case can be suppressed. Furthermore, the opening of the outer case can be minimized or eliminated, and high dustproof and drip-proof properties can be realized.
- a material such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, or a copper alloy is used.
- the power storage module 2 includes, for example, a positive terminal 11, a negative terminal 12, a power storage block, a FET (Field Effect Transistor), a voltage multiplexer (MUX (Multiplexer)) 13, an ADC (Analog Information Digital Converter) 14, a temperature measuring unit 15, a temperature The multiplexer 16, the monitoring unit 17, the temperature measurement unit 18, the current detection resistor 19, the current detection amplifier 20, the ADC 21, the sub-micro control unit 25, the regulator 26, and the storage unit 27 are included.
- FET Field Effect Transistor
- MUX Multiplexer
- ADC Analog Information Digital Converter
- the power storage block is formed by connecting one or a plurality of submodules SMO as an example of the power storage unit.
- the submodule SMO is, for example, a structure in which eight cylindrical lithium ion secondary batteries are connected in parallel.
- Submodule SMO16 are connected in series to form a power storage block.
- it is appropriately called a submodule SMO.
- the positive side of the submodule SMO1 is connected to the positive terminal 11 of the power storage module 2.
- the negative side of the submodule SMO 16 is connected to the negative terminal 12 of the power storage module 2.
- the positive terminal 11 is connected to the positive terminal of the controller 3.
- the negative terminal 12 is connected to the negative terminal of the controller 3.
- 16 FETs are provided between the terminals of the submodule SMO.
- the FET is for performing, for example, passive cell balance control.
- the FETs other than the FET2 are turned on, and the submodules SMO other than the submodule SMO2 are discharged to a predetermined voltage value.
- the FET is turned off after discharging. After the discharge, the voltage of each submodule SMO becomes, for example, a predetermined value (for example, 3.0 V (volt)) and balance is achieved between the submodules SMO.
- the cell balance control method is not limited to the passive method, A so-called active method or other known methods can be applied.
- the voltage between the terminals of the submodule SMO is detected by a voltage detector (not shown).
- the voltage between the terminals of the submodule SMO is detected regardless of whether it is being charged or discharged, for example.
- the voltage of each submodule SMO is detected by the voltage detection unit with a period of, for example, 250 ms (milliseconds).
- the voltage (analog voltage data) of each submodule SMO detected by the voltage detection unit is supplied to the voltage multiplexer 13.
- 16 analog voltage data is supplied to the voltage multiplexer 13.
- the voltage multiplexer 13 switches channels with a predetermined cycle, for example, and selects one analog voltage data from the 16 analog voltage data.
- One analog voltage data selected by the voltage multiplexer 13 is supplied to the ADC 14.
- the voltage multiplexer 13 switches the channel and supplies the next analog voltage data to the ADC 14. That is, 16 analog voltage data are supplied from the voltage multiplexer 13 to the ADC 14 in a predetermined cycle.
- the channel switching in the voltage multiplexer 13 is performed according to control by the sub-micro control unit 25 of the power storage module 2 or the main micro-control unit of the controller 3.
- the temperature measuring unit 15 detects the temperature of each submodule SMO.
- the temperature measuring unit 15 is composed of an element that detects a temperature, such as a thermistor.
- the temperature of the submodule SMO is detected with a predetermined period regardless of whether it is being charged or discharged, for example.
- Analog temperature data indicating the temperature of each submodule SMO detected by the temperature measuring unit 15 is supplied to the temperature multiplexer 16.
- 16 analog temperature data is supplied to the temperature multiplexer 16.
- the temperature multiplexer 16 switches channels with a predetermined period, for example, and selects one analog temperature data from the 16 analog temperature data.
- One analog temperature data selected by the temperature multiplexer 16 is supplied to the ADC 14. Then, the temperature multiplexer 16 switches the channel and supplies the next analog temperature data to the ADC 14. In other words, 16 analog temperature data are supplied from the temperature multiplexer 16 to the ADC 14 in a predetermined cycle.
- the channel switching in the temperature multiplexer 16 is performed according to control by the sub-micro control unit 25 of the power storage module 2 or the main micro-control unit of the controller 3.
- the ADC 14 converts the analog voltage data supplied from the voltage multiplexer 13 into digital voltage data.
- the ADC 14 converts the analog voltage data into, for example, 14 to 18-bit digital voltage data.
- Various conversion methods such as a successive approximation method and a ⁇ (delta sigma) method can be applied to the conversion method in the ADC 14.
- the ADC 14 includes, for example, an input terminal, an output terminal, a control signal input terminal to which a control signal is input, and a clock pulse input terminal to which a clock pulse is input (the illustration of these terminals is omitted). ) Analog voltage data is input to the input terminal. The converted digital voltage data is output from the output terminal.
- a control signal (control command) supplied from the controller 3 is input to the control signal input terminal.
- the control signal is, for example, an acquisition instruction signal that instructs acquisition of analog voltage data supplied from the voltage multiplexer 13.
- the analog voltage data is acquired by the ADC 14 and the acquired analog voltage data is converted into digital voltage data.
- digital voltage data is output via the output terminal in accordance with the synchronizing clock pulse input to the clock pulse input terminal.
- the output digital voltage data is supplied to the monitoring unit 17.
- an acquisition instruction signal for instructing acquisition of analog temperature data supplied from the temperature multiplexer 16 is input to the control signal input terminal.
- the ADC 14 acquires analog temperature data.
- the acquired analog temperature data is converted into digital temperature data by the ADC 14.
- the analog temperature data is converted into, for example, 14-18 bit digital temperature data.
- the converted digital temperature data is output via the output terminal, and the output digital temperature data is supplied to the monitoring unit 17.
- the functional block of the ADC 14 may have a function of a comparator that compares a voltage or temperature with a predetermined value.
- 16 digital voltage data and 16 digital temperature data are time-division multiplexed and transmitted from the ADC 14 to the monitoring unit 17.
- An identifier for identifying the submodule SMO may be described in the header of the transmission data to indicate which submodule SMO voltage or temperature.
- the digital voltage data of each submodule SMO obtained with a predetermined period and converted into digital data by the ADC 14 corresponds to the voltage information.
- Analog voltage data may be used as voltage information, and digital voltage data subjected to correction processing or the like may be used as voltage information.
- the temperature measuring unit 18 measures the temperature of the entire power storage module 2. The temperature in the outer case of the power storage module 2 is measured by the temperature measurement unit 18. The analog temperature data measured by the temperature measurement unit 18 is supplied to the temperature multiplexer 16 and is supplied from the temperature multiplexer 16 to the ADC 14. Then, the analog temperature data is converted into digital temperature data by the ADC 14. Digital temperature data is supplied from the ADC 14 to the monitoring unit 17.
- the power storage module 2 has a current detection unit that detects the value of the current (load current) flowing through the current path of the power storage module 2.
- the current detection unit detects a current value flowing through the 16 submodules SMO. The current value varies depending on the load connected to the power storage module 2.
- the current detection unit includes, for example, a current detection resistor 19 connected between the negative electrode side of the submodule SMO 16 and the negative electrode terminal 12 and a current detection amplifier 20 connected to both ends of the current detection resistor 19.
- Analog current data is detected by the current detection resistor 19. For example, the analog current data is detected with a predetermined cycle regardless of whether it is being charged or discharged.
- Detected analog current data is supplied to the current detection amplifier 20.
- the analog current data is amplified by the current detection amplifier 20.
- the gain of the current detection amplifier 20 is set to about 50 to 100 times, for example.
- the amplified analog current data is supplied to the ADC 21.
- the ADC 21 converts the analog current data supplied from the current detection amplifier 20 into digital current data.
- the analog current data is converted into, for example, 14 to 18-bit digital current data by the ADC 21.
- Various conversion methods such as a successive approximation method and a ⁇ (delta sigma) method can be applied to the conversion method in the ADC 21.
- the ADC 21 includes, for example, an input terminal, an output terminal, a control signal input terminal to which a control signal is input, and a clock pulse input terminal to which a clock pulse is input (illustration of these terminals is omitted). .
- Analog current data is input to the input terminal.
- Digital current data is output from the output terminal.
- a control signal (control command) supplied from the controller 3 is input to the control signal input terminal of the ADC 21.
- the control signal is, for example, an acquisition instruction signal that instructs acquisition of analog current data supplied from the current detection amplifier 20.
- the acquisition instruction signal is input, the analog current data is acquired by the ADC 21, and the acquired analog current data is converted into digital current data.
- digital current data is output from the output terminal in accordance with the synchronizing clock pulse input to the clock pulse input terminal.
- the output digital current data is supplied to the monitoring unit 17.
- This digital current data is an example of current information.
- the ADC 14 and the ADC 21 may be configured as the same ADC.
- the monitoring unit 17 monitors the digital voltage data and digital temperature data supplied from the ADC 14 and monitors whether there is an abnormality in the submodule SMO. For example, if the voltage indicated by the digital voltage data is around 4.2V, which is a measure of overcharge, or around 2.0V to 2.7V, which is a measure of overdischarge, there is an abnormality or An abnormality notification signal indicating that there is a possibility of occurrence is generated. Further, the monitoring unit 17 similarly generates an abnormality notification signal when the temperature of the submodule SMO or the temperature of the entire power storage module 2 is larger than the threshold value.
- the monitoring unit 17 monitors the digital current data supplied from the ADC 21. When the current value indicated by the digital current data is larger than the threshold value, the monitoring unit 17 generates an abnormality notification signal. The abnormality notification signal generated by the monitoring unit 17 is transmitted to the sub-micro control unit 25 by the communication function of the monitoring unit 17.
- the monitoring unit 17 monitors the presence / absence of the abnormality described above, and transmits the digital voltage data for each of the 16 submodules SMO supplied from the ADC 14 and the digital current data supplied from the ADC 21 to the sub-micro control unit 25.
- Digital voltage data and digital current data for each sub-module SMO may be directly supplied to the sub-micro control unit 25 without going through the monitoring unit 17.
- Digital voltage data and digital current data for each submodule SMO to be transmitted are input to the sub-micro control unit 25.
- the digital temperature data supplied from the ADC 21 may be supplied from the monitoring unit 17 to the sub-micro control unit 25.
- the sub-micro control unit 25 which is an example of a control device, includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) having a communication function, and controls each part of the power storage module 2. For example, when an abnormality notification signal is supplied from the monitoring unit 17, the sub-micro control unit 25 notifies the abnormality to the main micro control unit (main micro control unit 30) of the controller 3 using the communication function. In response to this notification, the main micro control unit 30 appropriately executes processing such as stopping charging or discharging. Note that the sub and main notations in the sub-micro control unit and the main micro-control unit are for convenience of explanation and do not have any special meaning.
- bidirectional communication conforming to the serial communication standards such as I2C, SMBus (System ⁇ Management Bus), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), CAN, etc. Done. Communication may be wired or wireless.
- serial communication standards such as I2C, SMBus (System ⁇ Management Bus), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), CAN, etc. Done. Communication may be wired or wireless.
- the digital voltage data is input from the monitoring unit 17 to the sub-micro control unit 25.
- digital voltage data for each submodule SMO when the power storage module 2 is discharged is input to the sub-micro control unit 25.
- the magnitude of the load current (digital current data) when a load is connected to the power storage module 2 is input from the monitoring unit 17 to the sub-micro control unit 25.
- Digital temperature data indicating the temperature for each sub-module SMO or the temperature in the power storage module 2 may be input to the sub-micro control unit 25.
- the sub-micro control unit 25 has a determination unit 25a as a function.
- the determination unit 25a determines the presence or absence of deterioration that occurs when the submodule SMO is used in a predetermined environment.
- lithium ion secondary batteries at 0 ° C or lower is prohibited.
- a lithium ion secondary battery may be used at a low temperature of about 0 ° C. to minus ( ⁇ ) 10 ° C., and the lithium ion secondary battery may be charged.
- metallic lithium is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery, and the performance of the lithium ion secondary battery deteriorates.
- the voltage (potential) of the lithium ion secondary battery exhibits a specific behavior.
- the determination unit 25a determines the presence or absence of deterioration of the submodule SMO made of a lithium ion secondary battery, for example, by detecting the presence or absence of this behavior. Details of the determination processing by the determination unit 25a will be described later.
- the sub-micro control unit 25 performs a predetermined notification process. For example, the sub micro control unit 25 transmits an alarm signal to the main micro control unit 30 of the controller 3. The main micro control unit 30 that has received the alarm signal prohibits charging / discharging of the power storage module 2 at an appropriate timing. A process of notifying the user of the deterioration of the power storage module 2 using a display or a warning sound may be performed.
- the regulator 26 is connected to, for example, a line between the positive electrode side of the submodule SMO1 and the positive electrode terminal 11, and steps down the voltage output from the power storage block to generate a voltage for operating each part of the power storage module 2.
- the regulator 26 is constituted by, for example, a series regulator.
- the voltage generated by the regulator 26 is supplied to the monitoring unit 17 and the sub-micro control unit 25, for example.
- the voltage generated by the regulator 26 may be supplied to the ADC 14 or the ADC 21 or the like.
- the storage unit 27 includes a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like. In the storage unit 27, for example, a program executed by the sub-micro control unit 25 is stored. The storage unit 27 is further used as a work area when the sub-micro control unit 25 executes processing.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- a discharge curve corresponding to the magnitude of the discharge current is stored in the storage unit 27.
- the sub-micro control unit 25 reads a discharge curve corresponding to the digital current data supplied from the ADC 21 from the storage unit 27 and acquires a reference voltage from the discharge curve. Note that the sub-micro control unit 25 may acquire the reference voltage via a network, for example.
- the sub-micro control unit 25 may transmit a discharge current value to the controller 3, and a reference voltage corresponding to the discharge current value may be supplied from the controller 3 to the sub-micro control unit 25.
- the controller 3 manages, for example, charging and discharging of one or a plurality of power storage modules 2.
- the controller 3 has, for example, a configuration having an exterior case similar to the power storage module 2.
- the controller 3 includes a main micro control unit 30, a positive terminal 31, a negative terminal 32, a positive terminal 33, a negative terminal 34, a charge control unit 35, a discharge control unit 36, a regulator 37, and a storage unit 38.
- the positive terminal 31 is connected to the positive terminal 11 of the power storage module 2.
- the negative terminal 32 is connected to the negative terminal 12 of the power storage module 2.
- the positive terminal 33 and the negative terminal 34 are connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the load, respectively.
- the positive terminal 33 and the negative terminal 34 are connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power supply (charging) device, respectively.
- the main micro control unit 30 is constituted by a CPU having a communication function, for example, and controls each part of the controller 3.
- the main micro control unit 30 controls charging and discharging according to an abnormality notification signal transmitted from the sub micro control unit 25 of the power storage module 2.
- the main micro control unit 30 turns off at least the switching element of the charging control unit 35 and stops charging.
- the main micro control unit 30 turns off at least the switching element of the discharge control unit 36 and stops the discharge.
- the main micro control unit 30 turns off the switching elements of the charge control unit 35 and the discharge control unit 36 and uses the power storage module 2.
- Cancel For example, when the power storage module 2 is used as a power supply for backup, the use of the power storage module 2 is stopped at an appropriate timing without immediately stopping the use of the power storage module 2.
- the controller 3 can communicate with a CPU or the like included in the load. You may make it notify abnormality of the electrical storage module 2 with respect to CPU of load.
- the charge control unit 35 includes a charge control switch 35a and a diode 35b connected in parallel with the charge control switch 35a in the forward direction with respect to the discharge current.
- the discharge control unit 36 includes a discharge control switch 36a and a diode 36b connected in parallel to the charge control current in parallel with the discharge control switch 36a.
- an IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- the regulator 37 generates a voltage for operating the main micro control unit 30 by using, for example, the voltage of the power storage module 2.
- the main micro control unit 30 is operated by the voltage generated by the regulator 37.
- the voltage generated by the regulator 37 may be supplied to the storage unit 38 or the like.
- the storage unit 38 includes a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- the storage unit 38 stores, for example, a program executed by the main micro control unit 30.
- the storage unit 38 is used as a work area when the main micro control unit 30 executes processing.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a cell discharge curve of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the vertical axis represents the cell voltage, and the horizontal axis represents the cell capacity.
- a discharge curve draws a different curve according to discharge current. For this reason, the reference voltage mentioned later also differs according to the discharge current.
- a solid curve C1 in FIG. 2 shows a discharge curve of a normal cell.
- the curve C1 is stored in the storage unit 27, for example.
- a dotted curve C2 indicates a discharge curve of a cell in which metal lithium is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode and deterioration occurs.
- metallic lithium is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- Curves C1 and C2 indicate, for example, cells when the storage block is charged so that the cell voltage becomes a predetermined voltage (for example, about 3.5 V), and then the load is connected to start discharging the storage block. The change in voltage is shown. Note that the voltage of the submodule SMO also changes in the same manner as the cell voltage.
- the cell voltage may be charged to a full charge voltage (for example, 4.2 V). The voltage drops due to the connection of the load, and a predetermined discharge current (load current) flows.
- the discharge current is detected by a current detection unit (current detection resistor 19 and current detection amplifier 20).
- the voltage will drop due to the load connection as in the normal case. However, the voltage does not drop to the reference voltage, but drops to a voltage higher than the reference voltage (eg, 3.1 V). After passing through a high potential portion where the voltage is 3.1V, the voltage drops to the reference voltage (2.9V). Thereafter, the voltage gradually drops through a plateau where about 2.9 V is maintained. If the cell is deteriorated, the capacity (discharge capacity) becomes small.
- the reason why the high potential portion of 3.1 V appears in the curve C2 is considered to be as follows.
- metallic lithium shows the lowest potential among the elements, it is apparent that the potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is increased, and a high potential portion is generated.
- the metal lithium on the surface of the negative electrode dissolves, so the voltage drops from 3.1 V to the reference voltage of 2.9 V.
- a high-potential portion is similarly detected in the voltage of the submodule SMO. That is, as an example, the voltage of the submodule SMO is monitored. As a result, if a high potential portion is detected at the initial stage of discharge, it can be determined that the submodule SMO is deteriorated.
- the initial stage of discharge is, for example, a period from when discharge is started until a predetermined period elapses.
- the predetermined period can be set as appropriate. For example, it is set to about 1 second.
- the initial stage of discharge may be defined by SOC (State Of Charge) of the cell or submodule SMO.
- SOC State Of Charge
- the initial stage of discharge may be defined as a period including a period in which SOC is greater than 80%. Greater than 80% may be understood as 80% or more, and may be understood as a value greater than 80%. The same applies to the description of “greater than” in other places.
- the period including the period in which the SOC is greater than 80% is preferably a period in which the SOC is between 80% and 100%.
- the minimum is not necessarily 80% and the maximum need not be 100%, as in a period between 85% and 95% SOC.
- the initial discharge may be defined by DOD (Depth Of Discharge) of the cell or submodule SMO.
- DOD Depth Of Discharge
- the initial stage of discharge may be defined as a period including a period in which DOD is less than 20%. Less than 20% may be understood as 20% or less, and may be understood as less than 20%. The same applies to the description of “smaller” in other places.
- the period including the period in which DOD is smaller than 20% is preferably a period in which DOD is between 0% and 20%.
- the minimum is not necessarily 0% and the maximum need not be 20%, as in the period between DOD 5% and 15%.
- the SOC includes the degree of charge, that is, the percentage of the capacity charged relative to the nominal capacity.
- the DOD means that the depth of discharge, that is, the ratio of the discharge capacity to the rated capacity, expressed as a percentage.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of determination processing.
- the charging process and the discharging process in the determination process are performed on, for example, the power storage block (16 submodules SMO) and controlled by the controller 3.
- step S1 it is determined whether or not the temperature T SMO of the submodule SMO is within the following range (1) or (2).
- the temperature T SMO of the submodule SMO is a temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 15, and in this example, 16 temperatures T SMO are acquired. 0 ° C ⁇ T SMO ⁇ 45 ° C (1) ⁇ 10 ° C. ⁇ T SMO ⁇ 0 ° C. (2)
- step S2 the charging process is stopped. If charging is performed when the temperature T SMO of the submodule SMO is not within the range of (1) and (2), the submodule SMO may be deteriorated, so that the charging process is stopped.
- step S3 the storage block is charged at a predetermined charging rate.
- a charging device including a DC (Direct Current) -DC converter connected to the controller 3 is used.
- 1C charging or 0.1C charging is performed on the power storage module 2.
- “1C charging” means, for example, a charging operation at a charging current (that is, 1000 mA) such that charging is completed in one hour when the capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery is 1000 mAh.
- 0.1 C means a charging operation with a charging current that completes charging in 10 hours. The charge rate is controlled by the controller 3, for example.
- each submodule SMO is acquired with a predetermined period.
- the 16 sub-module SMO voltages (16 digital voltage data) acquired at a certain timing are transmitted from the sub-micro control unit 25 to the main micro-control unit 30. Then, the process proceeds to step S4.
- step S1 if the temperature T SMO of the submodule SMO is ⁇ 10 ° C. ⁇ T SMO ⁇ 0 ° C., it is desirable to perform a charging operation with a low current of 0.1 C. By performing charging at a low temperature at a low current, it is possible to prevent metallic lithium from newly depositing on the negative electrode surface during the charging process.
- step S4 it is determined whether or not the largest voltage V SMO among the voltages V SMO of the 16 submodules SMO has reached the voltage V max .
- This determination is performed by the main micro control unit 30, for example.
- Voltage V max is set to, for example, 3.5 V.
- the voltage V max may be set to an unfavorable voltage (for example, a full charge voltage of about 4.2 V) when further charging is performed.
- step S4 is performed on the voltage V SMO submodules SMO acquired at the next timing. If the largest voltage V SMO has reached the predetermined voltage V max , the process proceeds to step S5.
- step S5 the main micro control unit 30 instructs the charging device to stop the charging operation.
- a charging history is additionally held.
- the charging history is obtained, for example, by integrating the charging time when the temperature T SMO of the submodule SMO is ⁇ 10 ° C. ⁇ T SMO ⁇ 0 ° C.
- the number of times of charging when the temperature T SMO of the submodule SMO is ⁇ 10 ° C. ⁇ T SMO ⁇ 0 ° C. may be held as a charging history.
- step S6 the charging time is accumulated.
- step S7 the accumulated time is held as a history. Note that the processing in step S6 and step S7 is performed by the controller 3, for example, and the charge history is stored in the storage unit 38. You may make it the process by step S6 and step S7 perform by the electrical storage module 2 side.
- step S8 a load is connected to the controller 3, and the power storage block is discharged.
- the discharge current is measured by the current detection resistor 19.
- the measured discharge current is supplied to the sub-micro control unit 25 through the current detection amplifier 20, the ADC 21 and the like.
- the sub-micro control unit 25 reads the discharge curve corresponding to the discharge current from the storage unit 27, and acquires the reference voltage V mem from the read discharge curve.
- the voltage V SMO (16 digital voltage data) of 16 submodules SMO is input to the sub micro control unit 25 as voltage information, for example, with a cycle of 250 ms. Then, the process proceeds to step S9.
- step S9 it is determined whether or not it is the initial stage of discharge. Since the initial setting example of the discharge has already been described, a duplicate description is omitted. If it is the initial stage of discharge, the process proceeds to step S10. If it is not the initial stage of discharge, the process proceeds to step S11. If it is not the initial stage of the discharge, it is not necessary to perform the processes of Step S10, Step S13, Step S14 and Step S15, and therefore the discharge may be stopped.
- step S10 the sub-micro control unit 25 compares the highest voltage V SMO among the input voltages V SMO of the sub-module SMO with the reference voltage V mem .
- step S11 the smallest voltage V SMO among the voltages V SMO of the 16 submodules SMO is compared with the voltage V min .
- the voltage V min is set to an unfavorable voltage (for example, 2.0 V) when further discharging is performed.
- the voltage V min may be set to a predetermined voltage (for example, about 2.5 V).
- step S11 When the voltage V SMO is equal to or lower than the voltage V min in the determination process of step S11, the process proceeds to step S12, and the discharge is stopped. If the voltage V SMO is greater than the voltage V min in the determination process of step S11, the process returns to step S8 and the discharge is continued.
- step S13 a process of obtaining a time (high potential time) T1 in which the voltage V SMO of the submodule SMO is greater than the reference voltage V mem is performed.
- the high potential time T1 can be acquired by, for example, the number of positives in the determination process in step S10 and the period (sampling period) in which the voltage V SMO of the submodule SMO is measured.
- the process proceeds to step S14.
- step S14 the sub-micro control unit 25 determines whether or not the high potential time T1 is larger than the threshold value Thigh .
- the threshold value T high is appropriately set to a value that can accurately determine the deterioration of the submodule SMO. If the high potential time T1 is smaller than the threshold value T high , the process proceeds to step S11.
- step S15 processing for notifying the deterioration of the submodule SMO is performed.
- the sub micro control unit 25 transmits an alarm signal to the main micro control unit 30.
- the main micro control unit 30 that has received the alarm signal performs a process of notifying the user of an abnormality (deterioration) of the power storage module 2 by sound or display, and prompts the user to check or replace the power storage module 2.
- the determination process of FIG. 4 is performed at a predetermined cycle, for example, when the power supply system 1 is activated or when the power supply system 1 is in operation. Whether or not to perform the determination process may be determined with reference to the history (log) obtained by the processes in steps S6 and S7. That is, referring to the history, the determination process may be performed when at least one of the number of times of charging and the charging time at a low temperature (for example, ⁇ 10 ° C. ⁇ T SMO ⁇ 0 ° C.) is larger than the threshold value.
- a low temperature for example, ⁇ 10 ° C. ⁇ T SMO ⁇ 0 ° C.
- Modification 1 of Embodiment> Next, the modification 1 of one Embodiment is demonstrated.
- the deterioration of the submodule is detected by detecting a high potential period in the initial stage of discharge.
- the degree (degree of progress) of the submodule is further determined.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a cell discharge curve.
- the discharge curve when the cell is normal draws a curve indicated by the curve C1.
- the discharge curve of the deteriorated cell draws, for example, a curve indicated by a dotted curve C10.
- the discharge curve of the cell in which the deterioration has progressed draws a curve indicated by a dashed line curve C11. As indicated by the curve C11, the high potential time increases as the cell deterioration progresses.
- the phenomenon that the high potential time becomes large is considered to be based on the following reasons.
- the amount of metallic lithium that accumulates on the surface of the negative electrode increases, so it takes time for the metallic lithium to dissolve when the power storage module 2 is discharged. Since it takes time for the metallic lithium to dissolve, it is considered that the high potential time is increased.
- the degree of cell degradation can be determined according to the magnitude of the high potential time T1.
- the high potential time T1 of the submodule SMO when the cell deteriorates also increases.
- a second threshold (however, the second threshold is larger than the threshold high ) is set in addition to the threshold high for determining whether or not the submodule SMO has deteriorated.
- the high potential time T1 exceeds the second threshold, it is determined that the degree of deterioration is large, and a notification to that effect is given.
- a plurality of second threshold values may be set, and the degree of deterioration may be determined more finely.
- the process of determining the degree of deterioration is performed by the sub-micro control unit 25, for example. As described above, when the submodule SMO is deteriorated, a process for determining the degree of the deterioration may be further performed.
- the presence or absence of deterioration of the submodule SMO is determined according to the magnitude of the high potential time T1.
- the ratio of the voltage change ( ⁇ V) to the capacity change ( ⁇ Q) (referred to as ⁇ Q / ⁇ V as appropriate) is used to determine whether or not the submodule SMO has deteriorated.
- the change in capacity ( ⁇ Q) is acquired with a predetermined period (for example, 250 ms), for example.
- the change in capacity ( ⁇ Q) can be obtained from the product of the discharge current and the elapsed time.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of changes in ⁇ Q / ⁇ V of a cell in which deterioration has occurred.
- a maximum value 1 and a maximum value 2 exceeding a threshold value appear at the initial stage of discharge.
- the maximum value 1 corresponds to a drop in the cell voltage when the power storage module 2 is connected to a load.
- the maximum value 2 corresponds to the fact that the metallic lithium deposited on the surface of the negative electrode dissolves and the cell voltage drops from a high potential to a reference voltage.
- the maximum value 2 does not appear in the change of ⁇ Q / ⁇ V. That is, the presence or absence of the maximum value 2 is determined, and when the maximum value 2 is detected, it can be determined that the cell is deteriorated. When the cell is deteriorated, the maximum value 2 is similarly detected in the change of ⁇ Q / ⁇ V of the submodule SMO.
- the degree of deterioration can be further determined.
- the high potential time increases.
- the timing at which the voltage of the submodule SMO shifts from the high potential to the reference voltage is shifted later in time.
- the degradation of the submodule SMO proceeds, the timing at which the maximum value 2 is detected shifts later in time.
- the maximum value when the degree of deterioration of the submodule SMO is large is shown as the maximum value 2e. That is, the degree of deterioration of the submodule SMO can be determined according to the timing at which the maximum value 2 is detected.
- the storage module determines whether or not the submodule SMO has deteriorated.
- the controller determines whether or not the submodule SMO has deteriorated.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the configuration of the power supply system 10 in the third modification.
- symbol is attached
- the power supply system 10 includes a power storage module 4 and a controller 5.
- the controller 5 determines whether or not the submodule SMO has deteriorated. That is, the main micro control unit 30 of the controller 5 has the function of the determination unit 25 a of the sub micro control unit 25.
- the main micro control unit 30 has a determination unit 30a as a function.
- the storage unit 38 stores a discharge curve of a normal submodule SMO corresponding to the discharge current.
- the main micro control unit 30 acquires the reference voltage using the discharge curve stored in the storage unit 38.
- the voltage information of the sub module SMO acquired in the power storage module 4 is supplied from the sub micro control unit 25 to the main micro control unit 30.
- the main micro control unit 30 determines whether or not the submodule SMO has deteriorated using the input voltage information.
- the method demonstrated in one Embodiment and the modification can be applied to the method of determining degradation of the submodule SMO.
- the degree of deterioration of the submodule SMO may be determined.
- the controller side in the power supply system may determine whether or not the submodule SMO has deteriorated. That is, the configuration corresponding to the control device in the claims may be the sub micro control unit 25 or the main micro control unit 30.
- the voltage detection unit, the voltage multiplexer 13, the ADC 14, and the monitoring unit 17 constitute an output unit in the claims.
- the configuration corresponding to the input unit and the determination unit in the claims may be the sub-micro control unit 25 or the main micro-control unit 30.
- a cobalt-based or nickel-based material may be used as a positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery. Even when a lithium ion secondary battery using a cobalt-based or nickel-based material is deteriorated, a high potential (eg, 4.15 V to 4.2 V) is detected at the initial stage of discharge as shown in FIGS. Is done.
- the present disclosure can be applied to any secondary battery that exhibits a high potential in the early stage of discharge as performance deteriorates, regardless of the material and structure.
- the power storage unit is not limited to a submodule composed of a plurality of lithium ion secondary battery cells.
- a cell of a lithium ion secondary battery constituting the submodule may be a power storage unit, and one or a plurality of power storage blocks may be a power storage unit.
- the configuration of the power storage unit can be set as appropriate.
- the degradation determination target can be changed as appropriate.
- the voltage of the submodule is monitored and the presence / absence of deterioration is determined in units of submodules.
- the presence / absence of deterioration may be determined in units of cells or power storage blocks.
- the temperature may be measured in cell units, and the average of the temperatures of the eight cells may be used as the temperature of the submodule.
- the process for determining the deterioration of submodules may be performed sequentially for each submodule. Further, the presence or absence of deterioration may be reported for each submodule.
- the voltage difference between the voltage indicated by the discharge curve stored in the storage unit and the voltage of the submodule is integrated, and when the integrated value exceeds the threshold, It may be determined that there is deterioration.
- the present disclosure can also be applied, for example, when detecting deterioration of a power storage unit in a system (for example, a power supply system for a hybrid vehicle) used in an SOC range of 100% to 40%.
- a power storage unit for example, a power supply system for a hybrid vehicle
- the internal resistance of the submodule may be measured, and information on the measured internal resistance may be used together to determine whether the submodule has deteriorated. For example, when the high potential time continues for the threshold value or more and the internal resistance is the threshold value or more, it may be determined that the submodule is deteriorated. By using the internal resistance information together, it is possible to improve the accuracy of determining whether or not the sub-module has deteriorated.
- This disclosure can also be applied to a so-called cloud system in which the exemplified processing is distributed and processed by a plurality of devices.
- the present disclosure can be realized as a system in which the processes exemplified in the embodiment and the modification are executed, and an apparatus in which at least a part of the exemplified processes is executed.
- the present disclosure is not limited to an apparatus, and can be realized as, for example, a method, a program, and a recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- This indication can also take the following composition.
- a control device comprising: a determination unit that determines whether or not the power storage unit has deteriorated using the voltage information at an early stage of the discharge.
- the initial stage of the discharge is a period including a period in which the SOC (State Of Charge) of the power storage unit is greater than 80% or a period including a period in which the DOD (Depth Of Discharge) of the power storage unit is less than 20%.
- SOC State Of Charge
- DOD Depth Of Discharge
- the determination unit Comparing the voltage indicated by the voltage information with a reference voltage; The control device according to (1) or (2), wherein it is determined that the power storage unit has deteriorated according to a time when the voltage is greater than the reference voltage.
- Current information regarding load current when a load is connected to the power storage unit is input to the input unit, The control device according to (3), further including an acquisition unit that acquires the reference voltage corresponding to the current information.
- the control unit according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the determination unit performs the determination when at least one of a number of times of charging and a charging time at a temperature lower than 0 ° C. is larger than a threshold value.
- the control device according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein a predetermined notification process is performed when it is determined that the power storage unit is deteriorated.
- a plurality of voltage information related to the potential of the power storage unit at the time of discharging is input, The control method in a control apparatus which determines the presence or absence of deterioration of the said electrical storage part using the said voltage information in the initial stage of the said discharge.
- a power supply system comprising: a determination unit that determines whether or not the power storage unit has deteriorated using the voltage information at an early stage of the discharge.
- An electric vehicle comprising the control device according to (1).
- the power storage device 103 can also be installed outdoors depending on the case. In low-temperature areas such as Hokkaido, the outdoor temperature in winter may drop to about -20 ° C. Even when the power storage device 103 is continuously used in such an environment, the present technology can correctly determine the state of the power storage device 103.
- the house 101 is provided with a household power generation device 104, a power consuming device 105, a power storage device 103, a control device 110 that controls each device, a smart meter 107, and a sensor 111 that acquires various types of information.
- Each device is connected by a power network 109 and an information network 112.
- a solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like is used, and the generated power is supplied to the power consumption device 105 and / or the power storage device 103.
- the power consuming device 105 is a refrigerator 105a, an air conditioner 105b, a television receiver 105c, a bath 105d, and the like.
- the electric power consumption device 105 includes an electric vehicle 106.
- the electric vehicle 106 is an electric vehicle 106a, a hybrid car 106b, and an electric motorcycle 106c.
- the power storage device 103 is composed of a secondary battery or a capacitor. For example, it is composed of a lithium ion secondary battery. As the power storage device 103, the power storage module 2 or the power storage module 4 described above can be used.
- the lithium ion secondary battery may be a stationary type or used in the electric vehicle 106.
- the smart meter 107 has a function of measuring the usage amount of commercial power and transmitting the measured usage amount to an electric power company.
- the power network 109 may be any one or a combination of DC power supply, AC power supply, and non-contact power supply.
- the various sensors 111 are, for example, human sensors, illuminance sensors, object detection sensors, power consumption sensors, vibration sensors, contact sensors, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, and the like. Information acquired by the various sensors 111 is transmitted to the control device 110. Based on the information from the sensor 111, the weather condition, the human condition, etc. can be grasped, and the power consumption device 105 can be automatically controlled to minimize the energy consumption. Furthermore, the control device 110 can transmit information regarding the house 101 to an external power company or the like via the Internet.
- the power hub 108 performs processing such as branching of power lines and DC / AC conversion.
- the communication method of the information network 112 connected to the control device 110 includes a method using a communication interface such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee (registered trademark). And a sensor network based on a wireless communication standard such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark).
- the Bluetooth method is applied to multimedia communication and can perform one-to-many connection communication.
- ZigBee uses the physical layer of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Electronics) (802.15.4). IEEE 802.15.4 is the name of a short-range wireless network standard called PAN (Personal Area Network) or W (Wireless) PAN.
- the control device 110 is connected to an external server 113.
- the server 113 may be managed by any one of the house 101, the power company, and the service provider.
- the information transmitted and received by the server 113 is, for example, information related to power consumption information, life pattern information, power charges, weather information, natural disaster information, and power transactions. These pieces of information may be transmitted / received from a power consuming device (for example, a television receiver) in the home, or may be transmitted / received from a device outside the home (for example, a mobile phone). Such information may be displayed on a device having a display function, for example, a television receiver, a mobile phone, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) or the like.
- the control device 110 that controls each unit includes a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like, and is stored in the power storage device 103 in this example.
- the function of the control device 110 for example, the function of each part of the power storage module 2 such as the sub micro control unit 25 can be applied.
- the control device 110 is connected to the power storage device 103, the home power generation device 104, the power consumption device 105, the various sensors 111, the server 113 and the information network 112, and adjusts, for example, the amount of commercial power used and the amount of power generation. have. In addition, you may provide the function etc. which carry out an electric power transaction in an electric power market.
- electric power is generated not only from the centralized power system 102 such as the thermal power generation 102a, the nuclear power generation 102b, and the hydroelectric power generation 102c but also from the home power generation device 104 (solar power generation, wind power generation) to the power storage device 103.
- the home power generation device 104 solar power generation, wind power generation
- the electric power obtained by solar power generation is stored in the power storage device 103, and midnight power with a low charge is stored in the power storage device 103 at night, and the power stored by the power storage device 103 is discharged during a high daytime charge. You can also use it.
- control device 110 is stored in the power storage device 103 .
- control device 110 may be stored in the smart meter 107 or may be configured independently.
- the power storage device 100 may be used for a plurality of homes in an apartment house, or may be used for a plurality of detached houses.
- FIG. 12 schematically illustrates an example of a configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present disclosure is applied.
- the series hybrid system is a vehicle that runs on a power driving force conversion device using electric power generated by a generator driven by an engine or electric power once stored in a battery.
- the hybrid vehicle 200 includes an engine 201, a generator 202, a power driving force conversion device 203, driving wheels 204a, driving wheels 204b, wheels 205a, wheels 205b, a battery 208, a vehicle control device 209, various sensors 210, and a charging port 211. Is installed. As the battery 208, the power storage module 2 or the power storage module 4 can be applied.
- the hybrid vehicle 200 is often stored outdoors. In winter, the outdoor temperature may drop to around -20 ° C. Even when the battery 208 is continuously used in such an environment, the present technology can correctly determine the state of the battery 208.
- Hybrid vehicle 200 travels using electric power / driving force conversion device 203 as a power source.
- An example of the power driving force conversion device 203 is a motor.
- the electric power / driving force converter 203 is operated by the electric power of the battery 208, and the rotational force of the electric power / driving force converter 203 is transmitted to the driving wheels 204a and 204b.
- DC-AC DC-AC
- AC-DC conversion AC-DC conversion
- the power driving force converter 203 can be applied to either an AC motor or a DC motor.
- the various sensors 210 control the engine speed via the vehicle control device 209, and control the opening (throttle opening) of a throttle valve (not shown).
- the various sensors 210 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an engine speed sensor, and the like.
- the rotational force of the engine 201 is transmitted to the generator 202, and the electric power generated by the generator 202 by the rotational force can be stored in the battery 208.
- the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied as a rotational force to the power driving force conversion device 203, and the regenerative power generated by the power driving force conversion device 203 by this rotational force is applied to the battery 208. Accumulated.
- the battery 208 is connected to a power source outside the hybrid vehicle, so that it can receive power from the external power source using the charging port 211 as an input port and store the received power.
- an information processing apparatus that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the secondary battery may be provided.
- an information processing apparatus for example, there is an information processing apparatus that displays a remaining battery capacity based on information on the remaining battery capacity.
- the function of the vehicle control device 209 for example, the function of each part of the power storage module 2 such as the sub-micro control unit 25 can be applied.
- the series hybrid vehicle that runs on the motor using the electric power generated by the generator driven by the engine or the electric power stored once in the battery has been described as an example.
- the present disclosure is also effective for a parallel hybrid vehicle that uses both engine and motor outputs as drive sources, and switches between the three modes of running with the engine alone, running with the motor alone, and engine and motor running as appropriate. Applicable.
- the present disclosure can be effectively applied to a so-called electric vehicle that travels only by a drive motor without using an engine.
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Abstract
Description
放電時の蓄電部の電圧に関する電圧情報が複数、入力される入力部と、
放電の初期における電圧情報を使用して、蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する判定部と
を備える制御装置である。
本開示は、例えば、この制御装置を備える電動車両として構成することもできる。
放電時の蓄電部の電位に関する電圧情報が複数、入力され、
放電の初期における電圧情報を使用して、蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する
制御装置における制御方法である。
1または複数の蓄電部と、
放電時の蓄電部の電圧を取得し、取得した電圧に関する電圧情報を出力する出力部と、
電圧情報が複数、入力される入力部と、
放電の初期における電圧情報を使用して、蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する判定部と
を備える電源システムである。
<1.一実施形態>
<2.一実施形態の変形例1>
<3.一実施形態の変形例2>
<4.一実施形態の変形例3>
<5.その他の変形例>
<6.応用例>
なお、以下に説明する実施形態等は本開示の好適な具体例であり、本開示の内容がこれらの実施形態等に限定されるものではない。
「リチウムイオン2次電池の例」
本開示において、使用される電池の一例は、正極活物質と、黒鉛等の炭素材料を負極活物質として含むリチウムイオン2次電池である。正極材料として特に限定はないが、好ましくは、オリビン構造を有する正極活物質を含有するものである。
ンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム(Li(C2F5SO2)2N)、過塩素酸リチウム(LiClO4)、六フッ化ヒ酸リチウム(LiAsF6)、四フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4)、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸リチウム(LiSO3CF3)、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドリチウム(Li(CF3SO2)2N)、トリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)メチルリチウム(LiC(SO2CF3)3である。
図1は、電源システムの構成の一例を示す。電源システム1は、例えば、蓄電モジュール2と、コントローラ3とを含む構成を有する。蓄電モジュール2とコントローラ3との間で電力の伝送および通信がなされる。図1では1の蓄電モジュールのみが図示されているが、複数の蓄電モジュールが接続され、各蓄電モジュールがコントローラに接続されてもよい。このような構成の場合には、例えば、最下位の蓄電モジュールの正極端子および負極端子がコントローラ3に接続される。電力や制御コマンドは、上位の蓄電モジュールから下位の蓄電モジュールを介して、もしくは反対に、下位の蓄電モジュールから上位の蓄電モジュールを介して伝送される。
蓄電モジュール2の構成の一例について説明する。蓄電モジュール2を構成する各部は、例えば、所定の形状の外装ケースに収納される。外装ケースは、高い伝導率および輻射率を有する材料を用いることが望ましい。高い伝導率および輻射率を有する材料を用いることにより、外装ケースにおける優れた放熱性を得ることができる。優れた放熱性を得ることで、外装ケース内の温度上昇を抑制できる。さらに、外装ケースの開口部を最小限または、廃止することができ、高い防塵防滴性を実現できる。外装ケースは、例えば、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金、銅、銅合金等の材料が使用される。
次に、コントローラ3の構成の一例について説明する。上述したように、コントローラ3は、1または複数の蓄電モジュール2に対して、例えば、充電や放電の管理を行うものである。コントローラ3は、例えば、蓄電モジュール2と同様に外装ケースを有する構成とされる。
図2は、リチウムイオン2次電池のセルの放電曲線の一例を示す。縦軸はセルの電圧を示し、横軸はセルの容量を示す。なお、放電曲線は、放電電流に応じて異なるカーブを描く。このため、後述する基準電圧も放電電流に応じて異なる。
図4は、判定処理の流れの一例を示すフローチャートである。判定処理における充電処理および放電処理は、例えば、蓄電ブロック(16のサブモジュールSMO)に対して行われ、コントローラ3により制御される。
0℃<TSMO<45℃ ・・・(1)
-10℃<TSMO≦0℃ ・・・(2)
次に、一実施形態の変形例1について説明する。一実施形態では、放電の初期における高電位の期間を検出することにより、サブモジュールの劣化を検出するようにした。変形例1では、サブモジュールの劣化が有る場合に、さらに、サブモジュールの劣化の度合い(進行度)を判断する。
次に、一実施形態の変形例2について説明する。一実施形態では、高電位時間T1の大きさに応じて、サブモジュールSMOの劣化の有無を判定した。変形例2では、容量の変化(ΔQ)に対する電圧の変化(ΔV)の割合(適宜、ΔQ/ΔVと称する)を使用してサブモジュールSMOの劣化の有無を判定する。容量の変化(ΔQ)は、例えば、所定の周期(例えば、250ms)でもって取得される。容量の変化(ΔQ)は、放電電流と経過時間との積により取得することができる。
次に、一実施形態の変形例3について説明する。一実施形態では、サブモジュールSMOの劣化の有無を蓄電モジュールにより判定するようにした。変形例3では、サブモジュールSMOの劣化の有無をコントローラにより判定する。
以上、本開示の実施形態について具体的に説明したが、上述の各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本開示の技術的思想に基づく各種の変形が可能である。
(1)
放電時の蓄電部の電圧に関する電圧情報が複数、入力される入力部と、
前記放電の初期における前記電圧情報を使用して、前記蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する判定部と
を備える制御装置。
(2)
前記放電の初期は、前記蓄電部のSOC(State Of Charge)が80%より大きい期間を含む期間または前記蓄電部のDOD(Depth Of Discharge)が20%より小さい期間を含む期間である
(2)に記載の制御装置。
(3)
前記判定部は、
前記電圧情報により示される電圧と基準電圧とを比較し、
前記電圧が前記基準電圧より大きい時間に応じて、前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定する
(1)または(2)に記載の制御装置。
(4)
前記蓄電部に負荷を接続した際の負荷電流に関する電流情報が前記入力部に入力され、
前記電流情報に対応する前記基準電圧を取得する取得部を備える
(3)に記載の制御装置。
(5)
負荷電流に対応する基準電圧を記憶する記憶部を備え、
前記取得部は、前記電流情報に対応する基準電圧を前記記憶部より読みだす
(4)に記載の制御装置。
(6)
前記判定部は、前記電圧が前記基準電圧より大きい時間に応じて、前記蓄電部の劣化の度合いを判定する
(1)乃至(5)のいずれかに記載の制御装置。
(7)
前記判定部は、
前記蓄電部の容量の変化量に対する前記電位の変化量の割合を算出し、
前記割合が所定値より大きい極大値が、前記放電の初期において複数、検出される場合に、前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定する
(1)または(2)に記載の制御装置。
(8)
前記極大値が検出されるタイミングに応じて、前記蓄電部の劣化の度合いを判定する
(7)に記載の制御装置。
(9)
前記判定部は、0℃より小さい温度における、充電回数および充電時間の少なくとも一方が閾値より大きい場合に、前記判定を行う
(1)乃至(8)のいずれかに記載の制御装置。
(10)
前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定される場合に、所定の報知処理を行う
(1)乃至(9)のいずれかに記載の制御装置。
(11)
前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定される場合に、前記蓄電部の充放電を禁止する
(1)乃至(10)のいずれかに記載の制御装置。
(12)
リチウムを吸蔵および放出可能な活物質を正極および負極に備える非水系電池が、1または複数個接続されることにより前記蓄電部が構成される
(1)乃至(11)のいずれかに記載の制御装置。
(13)
前記判定部は、前記電圧情報により示される電圧が、前記負極の表面上に前記リチウムが析出したことに起因して生じる電圧か否かを判定し、前記負極に前記リチウムが析出したことに起因して生じる電圧である場合に前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定する
(12)に記載の制御装置。
(14)
放電時の蓄電部の電位に関する電圧情報が複数、入力され、
前記放電の初期における前記電圧情報を使用して、前記蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する
制御装置における制御方法。
(15)
1または複数の蓄電部と、
放電時の前記蓄電部の電圧を取得し、取得した電圧に関する電圧情報を出力する出力部と、
前記電圧情報が複数、入力される入力部と、
前記放電の初期における前記電圧情報を使用して、前記蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する判定部と
を備える電源システム。
(16)
(1)に記載の制御装置を備える電動車両。
「応用例としての住宅における電力貯蔵装置」
本開示を住宅用の電力貯蔵装置に適用した例について、図11を参照して説明する。例えば住宅101用の電力貯蔵装置100においては、火力発電102a、原子力発電102b、水力発電102c等の集中型電力系統102から電力網109、情報網112、スマートメータ107、パワーハブ108等を介し、電力が蓄電装置103に供給される。これと共に、家庭内発電装置104等の独立電源から電力が蓄電装置103に供給される。蓄電装置103に供給された電力が蓄電される。蓄電装置103を使用して、住宅101で使用する電力が給電される。住宅101に限らずビルに関しても同様の電力貯蔵装置を使用できる。
本開示を車両用の電力貯蔵装置に適用した例について、図12を参照して説明する。図12に、本開示が適用されるシリーズハイブリッドシステムを採用するハイブリッド車両の構成の一例を概略的に示す。シリーズハイブリッドシステムはエンジンで動かす発電機で発電された電力、あるいはそれを電池に一旦貯めておいた電力を用いて、電力駆動力変換装置で走行する車である。
2,4・・・蓄電モジュール
3,5・・・コントローラ
13・・・電圧マルチプレクサ
14,21・・・ADC
17・・・監視部
19・・・電流検出抵抗
20・・・電流検出アンプ
25・・・サブマイクロコントロールユニット
25a・・・判定部
27・・・記憶部
30・・・メインマイクロコントロールユニット
38・・・記憶部
Claims (16)
- 放電時の蓄電部の電圧に関する電圧情報が複数、入力される入力部と、
前記放電の初期における前記電圧情報を使用して、前記蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する判定部と
を備える制御装置。 - 前記放電の初期は、前記蓄電部のSOC(State Of Charge)が80%より大きい期間を含む期間または前記蓄電部のDOD(Depth Of Discharge)が20%より小さい期間を含む期間である
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記判定部は、
前記電圧情報により示される電圧と基準電圧とを比較し、
前記電圧が前記基準電圧より大きい時間に応じて、前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定する
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記蓄電部に負荷を接続した際の負荷電流に関する電流情報が前記入力部に入力され、
前記電流情報に対応する前記基準電圧を取得する取得部を備える
請求項3に記載の制御装置。 - 負荷電流に対応する基準電圧を記憶する記憶部を備え、
前記取得部は、前記電流情報に対応する基準電圧を前記記憶部より読みだす
請求項4に記載の制御装置。 - 前記判定部は、前記電圧が前記基準電圧より大きい時間に応じて、前記蓄電部の劣化の度合いを判定する
請求項3に記載の制御装置。 - 前記判定部は、
前記蓄電部の容量の変化量に対する前記電位の変化量の割合を算出し、
前記割合が所定値より大きい極大値が、前記放電の初期において複数、検出される場合に、前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定する
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記極大値が検出されるタイミングに応じて、前記蓄電部の劣化の度合いを判定する
請求項7に記載の制御装置。 - 前記判定部は、0℃より小さい温度における、充電回数および充電時間の少なくとも一方が閾値より大きい場合に、前記判定を行う
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定される場合に、所定の報知処理を行う
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定される場合に、前記蓄電部の充放電を禁止する
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - リチウムを吸蔵および放出可能な活物質を正極および負極に備える非水系電池が、1または複数個接続されることにより前記蓄電部が構成される
請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記判定部は、前記電圧情報により示される電圧が、前記負極の表面上に前記リチウムが析出したことに起因して生じる電圧か否かを判定し、前記負極に前記リチウムが析出したことに起因して生じる電圧である場合に前記蓄電部の劣化が有ると判定する
請求項12に記載の制御装置。 - 放電時の蓄電部の電位に関する電圧情報が複数、入力され、
前記放電の初期における前記電圧情報を使用して、前記蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する
制御装置における制御方法。 - 1または複数の蓄電部と、
放電時の前記蓄電部の電圧を取得し、取得した電圧に関する電圧情報を出力する出力部と、
前記電圧情報が複数、入力される入力部と、
前記放電の初期における前記電圧情報を使用して、前記蓄電部の劣化の有無を判定する判定部と
を備える電源システム。 - 請求項1に記載の制御装置を備える電動車両。
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