WO2014075628A1 - 一种可调谐耦合装置及射频通信装置 - Google Patents

一种可调谐耦合装置及射频通信装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014075628A1
WO2014075628A1 PCT/CN2013/087246 CN2013087246W WO2014075628A1 WO 2014075628 A1 WO2014075628 A1 WO 2014075628A1 CN 2013087246 W CN2013087246 W CN 2013087246W WO 2014075628 A1 WO2014075628 A1 WO 2014075628A1
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Prior art keywords
coupling
tunable
tuner
coupling device
circuit board
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PCT/CN2013/087246
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王宏伟
徐晓亮
黄新财
吴文敬
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深圳市大富科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市大富科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大富科技股份有限公司
Priority to US14/785,443 priority Critical patent/US9819066B2/en
Priority to CN201380070701.6A priority patent/CN104919647B/zh
Publication of WO2014075628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014075628A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/085—Coaxial-line/strip-line transitions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • H01P3/081—Microstriplines

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular to a tunable coupling device and a radio frequency communication device.
  • Coupler is the coupling portion of the coupler.
  • the coupling portion may be a coupling piece—a metal main rod form, a microstrip line—a metal main rod form, and the like.
  • the coupling signal output end and the isolation end are respectively provided with tuning circuits for tuning coupling degree or isolation (adjustable Circuit).
  • the tuning circuit is mainly composed of a capacitor, an inductor, a resistor, an adjustable potentiometer and a tunable capacitor, and is used to compensate for errors caused by the processing precision of the PCB or the metal cavity, and errors caused by the mounting process.
  • This type of coupling device has the following main disadvantages:
  • the tuning devices accelerate aging, and the performance index of the coupler will also deteriorate sharply or even fail, causing device communication failure; the device used in the tuned circuit will reduce the reliability of the device, resulting in The failure rate of the device increases; the device parameters used in the tuned circuit change greatly at high and low temperature, and it is difficult to ensure that the communication device maintains a good working condition under various temperature environments; the introduction of the tuned circuit leads to the raw material cost of the device and The increase in production costs.
  • the present invention provides a tunable coupling device and a radio frequency communication device, which has a simple structure, and solves the problem that the structure, the printed circuit board processing precision and the assembly process affect the coupling device, and the tuning mode is simple. High reliability, which is conducive to mass production.
  • a tuner is disposed through the printed circuit board, a lower end of the tuner extending into the coupling cavity and the tuner being movable up and down to change a depth that extends into the coupling cavity.
  • a window is formed on the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line, and an annular boss is disposed outside the coaxial transmission line around the window edge to form the coupling cavity.
  • the annular boss is formed separately or integrally with the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line.
  • the coupling body is a microstrip line.
  • the coupling body is a metal piece.
  • the coupling body is attached to the bottom layer of the printed circuit board.
  • the top layer of the printed circuit board is further provided with a coupling output end and an isolation end electrically connected to the coupling body.
  • a fixed load is disposed between the isolation end and the coupling body, and the fixed load is disposed on a top layer of the printed circuit board.
  • a signal attenuation circuit is disposed between the isolation end and the coupling body, and the signal attenuation circuit is disposed on a top layer of the printed circuit board.
  • the tuner moves up and down to change the electric field vector and intensity in the coupling cavity such that the coupling amount and signal phase of the electric field coupled to different positions on the coupling body are different.
  • the tunable coupling device of the present invention when the tuner is in the optimal tuning position, the electric power of the plurality of signals in the coupling cavity coupled to the isolated end of the coupled body cancels each other, and the signal output of the isolated end The power is minimized.
  • the tuner is a tuning screw.
  • the tuner is fixed to the printed circuit board by a tuner fixing device.
  • the tuning fixture is a nut or metal clip that is secured to the printed circuit board.
  • the coaxial transmission line has a circular or square cross section.
  • the printed circuit board is tightly coupled to the annular boss to seal the coupling cavity.
  • the present invention accordingly provides a radio frequency communication device including a signal transmission body and the above tunable coupling device.
  • the radio frequency communication device is a cavity filter, a simplexer, a duplexer, a multiplexer, a combiner or a splitter.
  • the utility model forms a coupling cavity on the outer surface of the coaxial transmission line, the printed circuit board covers the coupling cavity, and the coupling body disposed on the printed circuit board is enclosed in the coupling cavity, and the tuner extending through the printed circuit board is inserted into the coupling cavity
  • the tuner moves up and down to change the depth of the coupling cavity to change the electromagnetic field distribution in the coupling cavity, so that the coupling amount and the signal phase at different positions on the coupling body are different.
  • the coupling cavity The power of multiple signals coupled to the isolated end of the coupled body cancels each other out, and the signal output power at the isolated end is minimized (ie, the maximum isolation is achieved), while the output power at the coupled output has minimal impact.
  • the utility model eliminates the conventional complicated coupling circuit with high cost, high failure rate and high production difficulty, and tuned the directionality and the like of the coupling device through the tuner to the internal disturbance of the coupling cavity internal field, thereby making up for various processes. The problem of deterioration of the indicator caused by the error.
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, and solves the influence of the structure, the processing precision of the printed circuit board and the assembly process on the coupling device in the prior art, the tuning mode is simple, the reliability is high, and the utility model is compared with the prior art. More convenient for mass production.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a prior art coupling device
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of the tunable coupling device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective structural view of an embodiment of the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective structural view of a printed circuit board, a coupling body, and a tuner cooperate with each other in an embodiment of the tunable coupling device of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective structural view of a coaxial transmission line and a coupling cavity of an embodiment of the tunable coupling device of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the distribution of electric field lines in a coupling cavity in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the attenuation value of the isolated end relative to the signal input end of the coaxial transmission line when the tuner is tuned to the optimal position in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the return loss of the coupled output terminal when the tuner is not tuned in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the return loss of the coupled output terminal when the tuner is tuned to the optimum position in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a graph of the coupling degree of the coupled output when the tuner is tuned to the optimum position in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • the tunable coupling device of the present invention works by using a coupling body as a secondary line to couple a radio frequency signal transmitted from a main line, and a tuner is added to the coupling portion for tuning the phase and intensity of a plurality of signals coupled to the coupled body.
  • a fixed load is connected to the coupling body at the isolated end, and a fixed attenuation network is connected to the coupling body at the coupled output end.
  • a simple circuit schematic is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the tunable coupling device 100 of the present invention includes a coaxial transmission line 10 for transmitting signals between the two ends thereof, and a coupling body 20 for sampling the signals by coupling.
  • the coupling device 100 also includes a coupling cavity 11, a printed circuit board 30, and a tuner 40.
  • the main line is the coaxial transmission line 10.
  • the coupling cavity 11 is formed on the outer surface of the coaxial transmission line 10.
  • the coaxial transmission line 10 includes an outer conductor 12 and an inner conductor 13 for transmitting signals, a window is formed on the outer conductor 12, and an annular boss 121 is disposed around the outer edge of the coaxial transmission line 10 to form a coupling cavity 11.
  • the annular boss 121 is formed separately or integrally with the outer conductor 12 of the coaxial transmission line 10.
  • the coaxial transmission line 10 has a circular or square cross section.
  • the radius of the inner conductor 13 and the radius of the outer conductor 12 are proportioned to match a certain impedance, for example, a 50 ohm coaxial transmission line, and the inner conductor 13 and the outer conductor 12 have a size ratio of 1:2.3.
  • a coupling body 20, a coupling circuit and other circuits are fixedly disposed on the printed circuit board 30, and the printed circuit board 30 covers the coupling cavity 11 to enclose the coupling body 20 in the coupling cavity 11, and the coupling body 20 is mounted on the printed circuit board.
  • the printed circuit board 30 is tightly coupled to the annular boss 121 to seal the coupling cavity 11 so that the coupling body 20 can sample the signal of the inner conductor 13 through the coupling cavity 11.
  • the top layer of the printed circuit board 30 is further provided with a coupling output end 31 and an isolating end 32 that are electrically connected to the coupling body 20. As shown in FIG.
  • a fixed load is disposed between the isolation end 32 and the coupling body 20, and the fixed load is disposed on the top layer of the printed circuit board 30.
  • a signal attenuation circuit is disposed between the coupling output terminal 31 and the coupling body 20, and the signal attenuation circuit is disposed on the top layer of the printed circuit board 30.
  • the coupling body 20 is a microstrip line. In other embodiments, the coupling body 20 can also be a metal piece.
  • the tuner 40 is disposed through the printed circuit board 30.
  • the lower end of the tuner 40 extends into the coupling cavity 11, and the tuner 40 is movable up and down within the coupling cavity 11 to change its depth into the coupling cavity 11.
  • the tuner 40 is generally made of a metal material having a potential of zero, so that the tuner 40 is not in contact with the coupling body 20. If the tuner 40 is in contact with the coupling body 20, the coupling body 20 will not be able to reach the coupling signal.
  • the tuner 40 can be in contact with the coupling body 20, but the inventors have verified that the tuning effect of the non-metallic dielectric material tuner 40 is not good, and therefore the tuner 40 is preferably made of a metal material.
  • the tuner 40 can also be configured to be movable left or right or otherwise, as well as to tune the phase and intensity of the plurality of signals coupled to the coupler 20, but the printed circuit board 30 and the coaxial transmission line 10 The space is limited and the difficulty is realized.
  • the tuner 40 is a tuning screw that is fixed to the printed circuit board 30 by a tuner fixing device 41, which is a nut that is fixed to the printed circuit board 30.
  • a tuner fixing device 41 which is a nut that is fixed to the printed circuit board 30.
  • the tuner 40 can also be other structures, such as metal strips; the tuner fixture 41 can also be a metal card holder or the like.
  • the electromagnetic field generated by the coaxial transmission line 10 enters the coupling cavity 11, and the coupling body 20 samples the electromagnetic signal in the coupling cavity 11, and the tuner 40 is added to change the electromagnetic field distribution in the coupling cavity 11.
  • the coupled signal in which the coupling body 20 is mainly affected is an electric field. That is, the tuner 40 moves up and down to change the electric field vector and intensity in the coupling cavity 11, so that the coupling amount and the signal phase of the electric field coupled to different positions on the coupling body 20 are different.
  • the tuning of the tuner 40 in the optimal tuning position, when the electromagnetic field in the coupling cavity 11 is coupled to the plurality of signals of the coupling body 20 to the isolated end, the power cancels each other, and the output power of the isolated terminal is minimized, that is, the isolation is maximum.
  • the coupling body 20 itself can form a certain isolation from the signal input end of the coaxial transmission line 10 to the isolation end 32.
  • the tuner 40 interferes with the electromagnetic field in the coupling cavity 11, its influence on the isolation. It is much larger than the influence on the coupling degree.
  • the coupled output terminal 31 can also select a fixed attenuation circuit according to actual needs. To change the strength of the coupled signal.
  • the utility model eliminates the complicated coupling circuit with high cost, high failure rate and high production difficulty, and the directionality of the coupling device 100 is tuned by the perturbation of the internal field of the coupling cavity 11 by the tuner 40. Indicators, thus making up for the deterioration of indicators caused by various process errors.
  • tuning only the depth of the tuner 40 extending into the coupling cavity 11 needs to be changed, and the tuning mode and the coupling device 100 are simpler in structure.
  • the coupling body 20 of the present invention is fixed to the printed circuit board 30.
  • the tuner 40 is tuned, the position of the coupling body 20 does not change, compared with the existing method of changing the distance and relative angle between the coupling body and the signal transmission line.
  • the coupling relationship between the coupling body 20 and other circuits on the printed circuit board 30 is stable and the reliability is good.
  • the tuning method of each coupling device in the prior art is complicated, and is not convenient for mass production, and the utility model solves this problem.
  • Figure 8 is a graph of the attenuation value of the isolated end relative to the signal input end of the coaxial transmission line when the tuner is not tuned in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • the isolation of the isolated terminal 32 is -65.772db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.865G In HZ, the isolation of the isolated terminal 32 is -65.539db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.8215G
  • the isolated end 32 has an isolation of -65.290 db.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph of the attenuation value of the isolated end relative to the signal input end of the coaxial transmission line 10 when the tuner is tuned to the optimum position in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • the isolation of the isolated terminal 32 is -77.774db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.865G In HZ, the isolation of the isolated terminal 32 is -80.662db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.8215G
  • the isolated end 32 has an isolation of -75.977db. From the above data, it can be analyzed that when the tuner is tuned to the optimum position, the isolation of the isolated terminal 32 is increased by at least 10 db with respect to the untuned.
  • Figure 10 is a graph showing the return loss of the coupled output when the tuner is not tuned in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • the return loss value of the coupled output terminal 31 is -16.586db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.865G In HZ, the return loss value of the coupled output terminal 31 is -16.303db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.8215G In the case of HZ, the return loss value of the coupled output terminal 31 is -17.450 db.
  • Figure 11 is a graph of return loss at the coupled output when the tuner is tuned to the optimum position in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • the return loss value of the coupled output terminal 31 is -16.487db
  • the return loss value of the coupled output terminal 31 is -16.249db
  • the return loss value of the coupled output terminal 31 is -17.486 db. From the above data, it can be analyzed that when the tuner is tuned to the optimum position, the return loss of the coupled output terminal 31 changes very little with respect to the untuned.
  • Figure 12 is a graph showing the degree of coupling of the coupled output terminals when the tuner is not tuned in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • the coupling degree of the coupled output terminal 31 is -36.886 db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.865G In HZ, the coupling degree of the coupling output terminal 31 is -36.799db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.8215G In the case of HZ, the coupling degree of the coupling output terminal 31 is -36.831 db.
  • Figure 13 is a graph of the coupling degree of the coupled output when the tuner is tuned to the optimum position in the tunable coupling device of the present invention.
  • the coupling degree of the coupled output terminal 31 is -37.121db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.865G In HZ, the coupling degree of the coupled output terminal 31 is -37.069db; when the frequency of the input signal of the coaxial transmission line 10 is 1.8215G In the case of HZ, the coupling degree of the coupling output terminal 31 is -37.093db.
  • the degree of coupling of the coupled output terminal 31 changes extremely little with respect to the untuned.
  • the tuning device 40 of the present invention has a large optimization of the isolation of the isolation end 32 (the isolation degree is greatly increased compared with the prior art)
  • the tuning device 40 has no influence on the return loss value and the coupling degree of the coupled output terminal 31. Therefore, only a fixed load can be added to the isolated terminal 32; the coupling input 31 can be directly coupled and output, or can be based on actual conditions. Add a signal attenuation circuit without tuning function.
  • the utility model adopts a simple device with low cost, high reliability and convenient mass production, and replaces the conventional complex coupling circuit with high cost, high failure rate and high production difficulty, and is coupled by the tuner 40.
  • the perturbation of the field inside the cavity 11 is used to tune the directionality of the coupling device 100, thereby compensating for the problem of deterioration of the index caused by various process errors.
  • tuning only the depth of the tuner 40 extending into the coupling cavity 11 needs to be changed, and the tuning mode and the coupling device 100 are simpler in structure.
  • the present invention also provides a radio frequency communication device including a signal transmission body and the above tunable coupling device 100.
  • the RF communication device is a cavity filter, a simplexer, a duplexer, a multiplexer, a combiner or a splitter.
  • the specific structure of the tunable coupling device 100 has been described in detail above, and therefore will not be described herein.
  • the present invention forms a coupling cavity on the outer surface of the coaxial transmission line
  • the printed circuit board covers the coupling cavity
  • the coupling body disposed on the printed circuit board is enclosed in the coupling cavity
  • the tuning is performed through the printed circuit board.
  • the tuner moves up and down to change the depth of the coupling cavity to change the electromagnetic field distribution in the coupling cavity, so that the coupling amount and signal phase at different positions on the coupling body are different, when tuning to the best In position, the power of multiple signals coupled to the isolated end of the coupled body in the coupled cavity cancels each other out, the signal output power at the isolated end is minimized (ie, the maximum isolation is achieved), and the output power at the coupled output has minimal impact.
  • the utility model eliminates the conventional complicated coupling circuit with high cost, high failure rate and high production difficulty, and tuned the directionality and the like of the coupling device through the tuner to the internal disturbance of the coupling cavity internal field, thereby making up for various processes. The problem of deterioration of the indicator caused by the error.
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, and solves the influence of the structure, the processing precision of the printed circuit board and the assembly process on the coupling device in the prior art, the tuning mode is simple, the reliability is high, and the utility model is compared with the prior art. More convenient for mass production.

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Abstract

本实用新型涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种可调谐耦合装置及射频通信装置，可调谐耦合装置，包括用以传输其两个端部之间的信号的同轴传输线以及通过耦合对信号进行采样的耦合体，耦合装置还包括：形成于同轴传输线外表面的耦合腔；固设有耦合体的印刷电路板，印刷电路板封盖耦合腔以使该耦合体封闭于耦合腔内；调谐器，贯穿设置于印刷电路板，该调谐器的下端伸入耦合腔且调谐器可上下移动改变伸入耦合腔的深度以改变耦合腔内的电磁场分布。借此，本实用新型结构简单，解决了因为结构、印制电路板加工精度和装配工艺对耦合装置影响，调谐方式简单，可靠性高。

Description

一种可调谐耦合装置及射频通信装置
【技术领域】
本实用新型涉及通信技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种可调谐耦合装置及射频通信装置。
【背景技术】
在基站、RRU（射频拉远模块）、驻波检测系统以及馈电系统中，常常需要采用耦合装置检查信号功率。现有的耦合装置的电路原理如图1所示，J2、J1为主信号输入、输出端，J3为耦合信号输出端，J4为隔离端，Coupler为耦合器的耦合部分。其中，耦合部分可以是耦合片—金属主杆形式、微带线—金属主杆形式等。耦合信号输出端和隔离端分别设置有用于调谐耦合度或隔离度的调谐电路（adjustable circuit）。该调谐电路主要由电容、电感、电阻、可调电位器以及可调电容等组成，用来弥补因PCB或者金属腔体的加工精度引起的误差，以及安装工艺带来的误差等。这类耦合装置主要有以下缺点：
1、为达到要求的隔离度指标和耦合度指标，需要通过耦合端调谐电路和隔离端调谐电路，然而在实际调试过程中，调谐隔离端调谐电路时会对耦合度形成较大影响，调谐耦合端调谐电路时也会影响到隔离度，因此调谐难度较大。
2、随着设备工作寿命的加长，部分调谐器件加速老化，耦合器的性能指标也会急剧变差，甚至失效，造成设备通信故障；运用于调谐电路中的器件会降低设备的可靠性，导致设备的失效率增加；运用于调谐电路中的器件在高低温下的器件参数变化较大，难以确保通信设备在各种温度环境下都保持良好的工作状态；调谐电路的引入导致设备原材料成本和生产成本的上升。
现有另外一种耦合装置，其能通过调节机构调节耦合片与金属主杆之间的距离和相对角度，从而实现对耦合片的耦合量以及信号相位进行调节。但是由于印刷电路板上的与耦合电路板连接的电路为固定设置，在耦合片转动时，耦合片和其他电路之间的连接不稳定，同时实现较为复杂，耦合装置可靠性很差。
【实用新型内容】
针对现有技术的上述缺陷，本实用新型提供一种可调谐耦合装置及射频通信装置，其结构简单，解决了因为结构、印制电路板加工精度和装配工艺对耦合装置影响，调谐方式简单，可靠性高，有利于大规模生产。
本实用新型解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是，提供一种可调谐耦合装置，包括用以传输其两个端部之间的信号的同轴传输线以及通过耦合对所述信号进行采样的耦合体，所述耦合装置还包括：
形成于所述同轴传输线外表面的耦合腔；
固定设置有所述耦合体的印刷电路板，所述印刷电路板封盖所述耦合腔以使该耦合体封闭于所述耦合腔内；
调谐器，贯穿设置于所述印刷电路板，该调谐器的下端伸入所述耦合腔且所述调谐器可上下移动以改变伸入所述耦合腔的深度。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述同轴传输线的外导体上开设有一窗口，且所述同轴传输线外部环绕所述窗口边沿设置环形凸台以形成所述耦合腔。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述环形凸台与所述同轴传输线的外导体分体成型或一体成型。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述耦合体为微带线。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述耦合体为金属片。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述耦合体贴装于所述印刷电路板的底层。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述印刷电路板的顶层还设有与所述耦合体电连接的耦合输出端以及隔离端。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述隔离端与所述耦合体之间设置有固定负载，该固定负载设置于所述印刷电路板顶层。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述隔离端与所述耦合体之间设置有信号衰减电路，该信号衰减电路设置于所述印刷电路板顶层。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述调谐器上下移动以改变所述耦合腔内的电场矢量和强度，使所述电场耦合到所述耦合体上不同位置的耦合量和信号相位不同。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述调谐器位于最佳调谐位置时，所述耦合腔内的电场耦合到所述耦合体隔离端的多个信号的功率相互抵消，所述隔离端的信号输出功率达到最小。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述调谐器为调谐螺钉。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述调谐器通过调谐器固定装置固定于所述印刷电路板。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述调谐固定装置为固定于所述印刷电路板的螺母或金属卡座。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述同轴传输线的截面为圆形或方形。
根据本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置，所述印刷电路板与所述环形凸台之间紧密连接以使所述耦合腔密封。
本实用新型相应提供一种射频通信装置，所述射频通信装置包括信号传输体和上述可调谐耦合装置。
根据本实用新型的射频通信装置，所述射频通信装置为腔体滤波器、单工器、双工器、多工器、合路器或分路器。
本实用新型通过在同轴传输线外表面形成耦合腔，印刷电路板封盖耦合腔，且设置于印刷电路板的耦合体封闭于耦合腔内，并且采用贯穿印刷电路板的调谐器伸入耦合腔，通过该调谐器上下移动改变伸入所述耦合腔的深度以改变耦合腔内的电磁场分布，进而使耦合体上不同位置的耦合量和信号相位不同，当调谐到最佳位置时，耦合腔内的电场耦合到耦合体隔离端的多个信号的功率相互抵消，隔离端的信号输出功率达到最小（即达到最大隔离度），而耦合输出端的输出功率影响极小。在耦合装置的隔离端仅需要再采用一个固定负载（固定负载的目的是吸收剩余的信号功率，并起到阻抗匹配的效果）即可达到隔离度要求，而耦合输出端由于功率影响极小从而不需要耦合调谐电路。本实用新型取消了高成本、高失效率、生产难度大的常规的复杂耦合电路，通过调谐器对耦合腔内部场的微扰，来调谐耦合装置的方向性等指标，从而弥补了各种工艺误差带来的指标恶化问题。
在调谐时，仅需要改变调谐器伸入耦合腔的深度即可，耦合体的位置固定不变，耦合体和印刷电路板上其他电路的连接关系稳定，进一步提高了可靠性，调谐方式及耦合装置结构也更为简单。借此，本实用新型结构简单，解决了现有技术中因为结构、印制电路板加工精度和装配工艺对耦合装置影响，调谐方式简单，可靠性高，同时相对于现有技术，本实用新型更加便于大规模生产。
【附图说明】
下面将结合附图及实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明
图1是现有技术的耦合装置的电路原理图；
图2是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置的电路原理图；
图3是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置一种实施例的立体结构图；
图4是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置一种实施例的剖视图；
图5是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置一种实施例的印刷电路板、耦合体以及调谐器相互配合的立体结构图；
图6是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置一种实施例的同轴传输线以及耦合腔的立体结构图；
图7是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中耦合腔内的电场线分布示意图；
图8是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器未进行调谐时，隔离端相对于同轴传输线信号输入端的衰减值的曲线图；
图9是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器调谐到最佳位置时，隔离端相对于同轴传输线信号输入端的衰减值的曲线图；
图10是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器未进行调谐时，耦合输出端的回波损耗的曲线图；
图11是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器调谐到最佳位置时，耦合输出端的回波损耗的曲线图；
图12是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器未进行调谐时，耦合输出端的耦合度的曲线图；
图13是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器调谐到最佳位置时，耦合输出端的耦合度的曲线图。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图，对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本实用新型的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本实用新型保护的范围。
本实用新型的可调谐耦合装置工作原理：采用耦合体作为副线耦合从主线上传输的射频信号，在耦合部分加入了一个调谐器用以调谐耦合到耦合体上的多个信号的相位及强度，在隔离端采用固定负载与耦合体连接，在耦合输出端采用固定衰减网络与耦合体连接，简单的电路原理图如图2所示。
如图3～图6所示，本实用新型一种可调谐耦合装置100，包括用以传输其两个端部之间的信号的同轴传输线10以及通过耦合对信号进行采样的耦合体20，耦合装置100还包括耦合腔11、印刷电路板30以及调谐器40。在本实施例中，主线为同轴传输线10。
耦合腔11形成于同轴传输线10外表面。具体的，同轴传输线10包括外导体12和用于传输信号的内导体13，外导体12上开设有一窗口，且同轴传输线10外部环绕窗口边沿设置环形凸台121以形成耦合腔11。环形凸台121与同轴传输线10的外导体12分体成型或一体成型。优选的，同轴传输线10的截面为圆形或方形。一般内导体13半径和外导体12半径形成一定比例，以匹配到一定阻抗，例如50欧姆同轴传输线，内导体13与外导体12尺寸比例为1：2.3。
印刷电路板30上固定设置有耦合体20、耦合电路以及其他电路，同时印刷电路板30封盖耦合腔11以使该耦合体20封闭于耦合腔11内，耦合体20贴装于印刷电路板30的底层。印刷电路板30与环形凸台121之间紧密连接以使耦合腔11密封，从而该耦合体20可以通过耦合腔11对内导体13的信号进行采样。印刷电路板30的顶层还设有与耦合体20电连接的耦合输出端31以及隔离端32。如图3所示，隔离端32与耦合体20之间设置有固定负载，该固定负载设置于印刷电路板30顶层。耦合输出端31与耦合体20之间设置有信号衰减电路，该信号衰减电路设置于印刷电路板30顶层。耦合体20为微带线，在其他实施例中，耦合体20也可为金属片。
调谐器40贯穿设置于印刷电路板30，该调谐器40的下端伸入耦合腔11，且调谐器40可在耦合腔11内上下移动以改变其伸入耦合腔11的深度。调谐器40一般采用金属材料，其电势为零，因此调谐器40与耦合体20不接触，若调谐器40与耦合体20接触，将会导致耦合体20无法到耦合信号。若调谐器40采用非金属介质材料，调谐器40可以与耦合体20接触，但经发明人验证，非金属介质材料调谐器40的调谐效果不佳，因此调谐器40优选采用金属材料。在其他实施例中，调谐器40也可设置为可左右移动或按其他方式移动，同样能调谐耦合到耦合体20上的多个信号的相位及强度，但是印刷电路板30以及同轴传输线10的空间有限，实现困难。
在图3～图5所示的实施例中，调谐器40为调谐螺钉，其通过调谐器固定装置41固定于印刷电路板30，该调谐器固定装置41为固定于印刷电路板30的螺母。进行调谐时，仅需转动螺钉即可改变螺钉深入耦合腔11内的深度，达到调谐目的，调谐方式极为简单。当然调谐器40也可以为其他结构，如金属条；调谐器固定装置41也可以为金属卡座等等。
如图7所示，同轴传输线10所产生的电磁场进入耦合腔11，耦合体20通过对该耦合腔11内的电磁信号进行采样，调谐器40加入后改变了耦合腔11内的电磁场分布，实际上，其中主要影响耦合体20的耦合信号为电场。也即调谐器40上下移动以改变耦合腔11内的电场矢量和强度，使电场耦合到耦合体20上不同位置的耦合量和信号相位不同。通过调谐器40的调谐，在最佳调谐位置时，耦合腔11内电磁场耦合到耦合体20的多个信号到隔离端时候功率互相抵消，隔离端输出信号功率达到最小，即隔离度最大。
在该耦合装置100中，耦合体20本身可以相对同轴传输线10的信号输入端到隔离端32形成一定的隔离度，调谐器40对耦合腔11内电磁场形成干扰时，其对隔离度影响的远大于对耦合度的影响，具体可参见图8～图13。因此，在本实用新型中，仅需要在隔离端32再加入固定负载即可取得较好的隔离度，在耦合装置100的隔离端32仅需要再采用一个固定负载（固定负载的目的是吸收剩余的信号功率，并起到阻抗匹配的效果）即可达到隔离度要求，而耦合输出端31由于功率影响极小从而不需要耦合调谐电路，当然耦合输出端31也可根据实际需要选用固定衰减电路，以改变耦合信号的强度。
相对于现有耦合装置，本实用新型取消了高成本、高失效率、生产难度大的复杂耦合电路，通过调谐器40对耦合腔11内部场的微扰，来调谐耦合装置100的方向性等指标，从而弥补了各种工艺误差带来的指标恶化问题。在调谐时，仅需要改变调谐器40伸入耦合腔11的深度即可，调谐方式及耦合装置100结构更为简单。同时，本实用新型的耦合体20固定于印刷电路板30，在调谐器40进行调谐时，耦合体20的位置不发生改变，相对于现有改变耦合体与信号传输线的距离和相对角度的方式，耦合体20和印刷电路板30上其他电路的连接关系稳定，可靠性较好。并且，现有技术中每个耦合装置的调谐方式较为复杂，不便于大规模生产，而本实用新型则解决了这一问题。
图8是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器未进行调谐时，隔离端相对于同轴传输线信号输入端的衰减值的曲线图。其中，当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.805G HZ时，隔离端32的隔离度为-65.772db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.865G HZ时，隔离端32的隔离度为-65.539db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.8215G HZ时，隔离端32的隔离度为-65.290db。图9是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器调谐到最佳位置时，隔离端相对于同轴传输线10信号输入端的衰减值的曲线图。当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.805G HZ时，隔离端32的隔离度为-77.774db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.865G HZ时，隔离端32的隔离度为-80.662db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.8215G HZ时，隔离端32的隔离度为-75.977db。从以上数据可以分析得到，当调谐器调谐至最佳位置时，相对于未进行调谐时隔离端32的隔离度至少增大了10db。
图10是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器未进行调谐时，耦合输出端的回波损耗的曲线图。其中，当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.805G HZ时，耦合输出端31的回波损耗值为-16.586db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.865G HZ时，耦合输出端31的回波损耗值为-16.303db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.8215G HZ时，耦合输出端31的回波损耗值为-17.450db。图11是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器调谐到最佳位置时，耦合输出端的回波损耗的曲线图。其中，当同轴传输线100输入信号的频率为1.805G HZ时，耦合输出端31的回波损耗值为-16.487db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.865G HZ时，耦合输出端31的回波损耗值为-16.249db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.8215G HZ时，耦合输出端31的回波损耗值为-17.486db。从以上数据可以分析得到，当调谐器调谐至最佳位置时，相对于未进行调谐时，耦合输出端31的回波损耗变化极小。
图12是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器未进行调谐时，耦合输出端的耦合度的曲线图。其中，当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.805G HZ时，耦合输出端31的耦合度为-36.886db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.865G HZ时，耦合输出端31的耦合度为-36.799db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.8215G HZ时，耦合输出端31的耦合度为-36.831db。图13是本实用新型可调谐耦合装置中调谐器调谐到最佳位置时，耦合输出端的耦合度的曲线图。当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.805G HZ时，耦合输出端31的耦合度为-37.121db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.865G HZ时，耦合输出端31的耦合度为-37.069db；当同轴传输线10输入信号的频率为1.8215G HZ时，耦合输出端31的耦合度为-37.093db。从以上数据可以分析得到，当调谐器40调谐至最佳位置时，相对于未进行调谐时，耦合输出端31的耦合度变化极小。
结合图8~图13可以看出，采用了本实用新型的调谐装置40后，调谐装置40对隔离端32的隔离度有较大的优化（相对于现有技术，隔离度增大了很多），该调谐装置40对耦合输出端31的回波损耗值和耦合度基本无影响，因此在隔离端32仅加入固定负载即可；在耦合输入端31直接耦合输出即可，也可以根据实际情况加入无调谐功能的信号衰减电路即可。
相对于现有技术，本实用新型采用低成本、高可靠性、方便大规模生产的简易装置，替代了高成本、高失效率、生产难度大的常规的复杂耦合电路，通过调谐器40对耦合腔11内部场的微扰，来调谐耦合装置100的方向性等指标，从而弥补了各种工艺误差带来的指标恶化问题。在调谐时，仅需要改变调谐器40伸入耦合腔11的深度即可，调谐方式及耦合装置100结构更为简单。
本实用新型还提供一种射频通信装置，该射频通信装置包括信号传输体和上述的可调谐耦合装置100。射频通信装置为腔体滤波器、单工器、双工器、多工器、合路器或分路器。可调谐耦合装置100的具体结构已在前文做详细描述，故在此不再赘述。
综上所述，本实用新型通过在同轴传输线外表面形成耦合腔，印刷电路板封盖耦合腔，且设置于印刷电路板的耦合体封闭于耦合腔内，并且采用贯穿印刷电路板的调谐器伸入耦合腔，通过该调谐器上下移动改变伸入所述耦合腔的深度以改变耦合腔内的电磁场分布，进而使耦合体上不同位置的耦合量和信号相位不同，当调谐到最佳位置时，耦合腔内的电场耦合到耦合体隔离端的多个信号的功率相互抵消，隔离端的信号输出功率达到最小（即达到最大隔离度），而耦合输出端的输出功率影响极小。在耦合装置的隔离端仅需要再采用一个固定负载（固定负载的目的是吸收剩余的信号功率，并起到阻抗匹配的效果）即可达到隔离度要求，而耦合输出端由于功率影响极小从而不需要耦合调谐电路。本实用新型取消了高成本、高失效率、生产难度大的常规的复杂耦合电路，通过调谐器对耦合腔内部场的微扰，来调谐耦合装置的方向性等指标，从而弥补了各种工艺误差带来的指标恶化问题。
在调谐时，仅需要改变调谐器伸入耦合腔的深度即可，耦合体的位置固定不变，耦合体和印刷电路板上其他电路的连接关系稳定，进一步提高了可靠性，调谐方式及耦合装置结构也更为简单。借此，本实用新型结构简单，解决了现有技术中因为结构、印制电路板加工精度和装配工艺对耦合装置影响，调谐方式简单，可靠性高，同时相对于现有技术，本实用新型更加便于大规模生产。
以上实施例只为说明本实用新型的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本实用新型的内容并据此实施，并不能限制本实用新型的保护范围。凡跟本实用新型权利要求范围所做的均等变化与修饰，均应属于本实用新型权利要求的涵盖范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种可调谐耦合装置，包括用以传输其两个端部之间的信号的同轴传输线以及通过耦合对所述信号进行采样的耦合体，其特征在于，所述耦合装置还包括：
    形成于所述同轴传输线外表面的耦合腔；
    固定设置有所述耦合体的印刷电路板，所述印刷电路板封盖所述耦合腔以使该耦合体封闭于所述耦合腔内；
    调谐器，贯穿设置于所述印刷电路板，该调谐器的下端伸入所述耦合腔且所述调谐器可上下移动改变伸入所述耦合腔的深度以改变所述耦合腔内的电磁场分布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述同轴传输线的外导体上开设有一窗口，且所述同轴传输线外部环绕所述窗口边沿设置环形凸台以形成所述耦合腔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述环形凸台与所述同轴传输线的外导体分体成型或一体成型。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述耦合体为微带线。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述耦合体为金属片。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述耦合体贴装于所述印刷电路板的底层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述印刷电路板的顶层还设有与所述耦合体电连接的耦合输出端以及隔离端。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述隔离端与所述耦合体之间设置有固定负载，该固定负载设置于所述印刷电路板顶层。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述隔离端与所述耦合体之间设置有信号衰减电路，该信号衰减电路设置于所述印刷电路板顶层。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述调谐器上下移动以改变所述耦合腔内的电场矢量和强度，使所述电场耦合到所述耦合体上不同位置的耦合量和信号相位不同。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述调谐器位于最佳调谐位置时，所述耦合腔内的电场耦合到所述耦合体隔离端的多个信号的功率相互抵消，所述隔离端的信号输出功率达到最小。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述调谐器为调谐螺钉。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述调谐器通过调谐器固定装置固定于所述印刷电路板。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述调谐器固定装置为固定于所述印刷电路板的螺母或金属卡座。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述同轴传输线的截面为圆形或方形。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的可调谐耦合装置，其特征在于，所述印刷电路板与所述环形凸台之间紧密连接以使所述耦合腔密封。
  17. 一种射频通信装置，其特征在于，所述射频通信装置包括信号传输体和根据权利要求1至16 中任意一项所述的可调谐耦合装置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的射频通信装置，其特征在于，所述射频通信装置为腔体滤波器、单工器、双工器、多工器、合路器或分路器。
PCT/CN2013/087246 2012-11-16 2013-11-15 一种可调谐耦合装置及射频通信装置 WO2014075628A1 (zh)

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