WO2014075480A1 - 一种时分多址负载系统usb接口供电方法和供电设备 - Google Patents

一种时分多址负载系统usb接口供电方法和供电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014075480A1
WO2014075480A1 PCT/CN2013/082041 CN2013082041W WO2014075480A1 WO 2014075480 A1 WO2014075480 A1 WO 2014075480A1 CN 2013082041 W CN2013082041 W CN 2013082041W WO 2014075480 A1 WO2014075480 A1 WO 2014075480A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
multiple access
division multiple
time division
load system
access load
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/082041
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛建华
赖玉强
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority to US14/396,844 priority Critical patent/US9582059B2/en
Priority to JP2015511929A priority patent/JP5957759B2/ja
Priority to RU2014142391A priority patent/RU2613179C2/ru
Priority to EP13854479.6A priority patent/EP2830204B1/en
Priority to AU2013347462A priority patent/AU2013347462B2/en
Publication of WO2014075480A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014075480A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and a power supply device for powering a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface of a time division multiple access load system.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • USB data terminal products There are more and more USB data terminal products. As the data rate increases, the function increases, and the power consumption increases.
  • the terminal using the USB interface also has higher and higher power requirements for the USB interface.
  • the standard supply current of the USB interface of the computer is 500mA.
  • a limited current circuit is provided in the power supply circuit of the terminal product, so as to protect the output voltage of the USB power supply interface from being damaged. Dropped below the safe value, and there are basically two ways to limit the current. One is to limit the current at the output of the DC-DC converter. The current limiting capability of the DC-DC converter is limited.
  • the requirement is not high, that is, the DC converter with low output current capability can use this method; the other is to limit current at the input end of the DC-DC converter.
  • This current limiting method is suitable for output current capability.
  • the current output of the converter alone it can meet the current demand of the time division multiple access load system in a sudden operation, and it is necessary to keep the operating voltage of the converter input from falling or falling little.
  • the instantaneous large current requires the terminal circuit to set a large capacity of a certain capacity for energy compensation, so that the voltage of the USB interface terminal and the load terminal is not excessively large.
  • the selection of the current limiting device does not take into account the voltage value of the USB protocol specification.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a USB interface power supply method and a power supply device for a time division multiple access load system, which can reduce the cost of using a capacitor while ensuring performance.
  • the present invention provides a USB interface for a time division multiple access load system.
  • the electrical device comprises: a USB interface, a slow start circuit and a DC-DC direct current conversion circuit, wherein the three outputs are sequentially connected, and the output of the DC-DC direct current conversion circuit supplies power to the time division multiple access load system, wherein the power supply device Also includes capacitor parts:
  • the first end of the capacitive device is connected between the slow start circuit and the DC-DC direct current conversion circuit, the second end of the capacitive device is set to be grounded, and the capacitive device is used for limiting the input current of the DC-DC direct current conversion circuit.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor device is according to the voltage of the capacitor device when the time division multiple access load system is working and not working, the maximum current allowed by the USB interface, the DC-DC DC conversion circuit input voltage, and the time division multiple access load system required The voltage and current, as well as the duty cycle of the time division multiple access load system, are determined.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor device is based on the voltage of the capacitor device when the time division multiple access load system is operating and not working, the maximum current allowed by the USB interface, the DC-DC DC conversion circuit input voltage, the time division multiple access load system
  • the required voltage and current, as well as the duty cycle of the time division multiple access load system include:
  • the capacitance value is calculated by the following formula:
  • the initial voltage of the capacitor component when the time division multiple access load system is not working, and the voltage of the capacitor component when the time division multiple access load system operates [/.
  • the voltage required for the time division multiple access load system /.
  • the current required for the time division multiple access load system is the input voltage of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit; / is the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit, / allows the maximum current to be outputted for the USB interface, r is the time division multiple access Load system duty cycle.
  • the power supply device further includes a detection circuit and a baseband control circuit, wherein: the detection circuit is configured to: be located between the USB interface and the slow start circuit, and detect whether the output voltage of the USB interface is lower than a preset threshold;
  • the baseband control circuit is configured to: one end is connected to the detecting circuit, and the other end is connected to the time division multiple access load system, and when the detecting circuit detects that the output voltage of the USB interface is lower than a preset threshold, reducing the time division multiple access load The transmit power of the system.
  • the capacitor device comprises a capacitor group and a switch group, and one end of the capacitor group is used as an electric a first end of the container member, the other end of the capacitor group serves as a second end of the capacitor device, the switch group is connected to the baseband control circuit, and the switch group turns on or off the inside of the switch group according to the control of the baseband control circuit A switching device controls a capacitance value of the capacitor group.
  • the capacitor group includes two or more capacitors connected in parallel, each capacitor being connected in series with a switching device, and all switches constitute a switch group.
  • the present invention also provides a USB interface power supply method for a time division multiple access load system, including:
  • the capacitor device limits the input current of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit, and the capacitance value of the capacitor device is based on the voltage of the capacitor device when the time division multiple access load system is operating and not working, the maximum current allowed by the USB interface, DC-DC a DC conversion circuit input voltage, a voltage and current required by the time division multiple access load system, and a duty cycle of the time division multiple access load system;
  • the DC-DC DC conversion circuit performs voltage conversion to power the time division multiple access load system.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor device is based on the voltage of the capacitor device when the time division multiple access load system is operating and not working, the maximum current allowed by the USB interface, the DC-DC DC conversion circuit input voltage, the time division multiple access load system
  • the required voltage and current, as well as the duty cycle of the time division multiple access load system include:
  • the initial voltage of the capacitor component when the time division multiple access load system is not working, and the voltage of the capacitor component when the time division multiple access load system operates [/.
  • the voltage required for the time division multiple access load system /.
  • the current required for the time division multiple access load system is the input voltage of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit; / is the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit, / allows the maximum current to be outputted by the USB interface,
  • T is the duty cycle of the time division multiple access load system.
  • the method further comprises: detecting whether the output voltage of the USB interface is lower than a preset threshold; if lower than the preset threshold, reducing the transmit power of the time division multiple access load system.
  • the method further comprises: after determining the capacitance value of the capacitor device, by controlling The switching of the switching device in the switch group connected to the capacitive device adjusts the capacitance value of the capacitive device.
  • the capacitive device comprises more than two capacitors connected in parallel, each capacitor being connected in series with a switching device.
  • the device and method of the present application determine the minimum capacitance capacity required at the input end of the DC-DC converter by monitoring the USB interface voltage (not lower than the standard specification value), ensuring the reliability of the computer USB interface while ensuring the cost of the whole machine and The reliability of the terminal work. ⁇ Using the method and device of the present application, there is no need to pay attention to the USB interface to support the USB2.0 or USB3.0 protocol, and only need to consider the actual power supply capability of the USB interface, which has practical significance of universal application. BRIEF abstract
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a power supply device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a power supply device having a baseband control system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a power supply device including a capacitor device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an application example power supply device
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a control module
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the duty cycle of the time division multiple access system
  • Figure 8 is a flow chart of the operation of the time division multiple access system. Preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the power supply device includes: a USB interface sequentially connected, a slow start circuit, and a DC-DC DC conversion circuit, and the power supply
  • the device further includes a capacitor device for current limiting, the capacitor device One end is connected between the slow start circuit and the DC-DC direct current conversion circuit, and the second end of the capacitive device is set to ground, wherein:
  • the slow start circuit is used to implement a slow start
  • the capacitor device is used for limiting the input current of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor device is based on the voltage of the capacitor device when the time division multiple access load system is operating and not working, the maximum current allowed by the USB interface, and the DC-DC DC conversion.
  • the circuit input voltage, the voltage and current required by the time division multiple access load system, and the duty cycle of the time division multiple access load system;
  • the output of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit is used to power a time division multiple access load system.
  • a capacitor device represents a capacitor and can also represent a group of capacitors, ie, a capacitor bank.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor device is calculated by the following equation: Wherein, the initial voltage of the capacitor component when the time division multiple access load system is not working, the voltage of the capacitor component when the time division multiple access load system is working, [/. The voltage required for the time division multiple access load system, /. The current required for the time division multiple access load system is the input voltage of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit; / is the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit, / allows the maximum current to be outputted by the USB interface,
  • T is the duty cycle of the time division multiple access load system. If the DC-DC DC conversion circuit has a high conversion efficiency close to 1, the capacitance can be calculated without considering it. Various modifications of the above formula (1) are within the scope of this application. When the capacitor device is realized with only one capacitor, its capacitance value can be calculated according to equation (1).
  • the power supply device further includes a detection circuit and a baseband control circuit.
  • the detection circuit is located between the USB interface and the slow start circuit, and is configured to detect whether the output voltage of the USB interface is lower than a preset. Threshold; one end of the baseband control circuit is connected to the detecting circuit, and the other end is set to be connected to the time division multiple access load system, and the baseband control circuit is configured to detect that the output voltage of the USB interface is lower than a preset threshold in the detecting circuit When the value is reduced, reduce the transmission of the time division multiple access load system Shooting power.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor device may be pre-designed, or may be designed as a capacitor group with adjustable capacitance.
  • the capacitor device includes a capacitor group and a switch group, and the capacitor group One end is used as the first end of the capacitor device, and the other end of the capacitor group is used as the second end of the capacitor device, and the switch group is connected with the baseband control circuit, and the switch group turns on or off the switch device inside the switch group according to the control of the baseband control circuit, and controls The capacitance value of the capacitor bank.
  • the above capacitor group includes two or more capacitors connected in parallel, each capacitor being connected in series with a switching device, and all switches constitute a switch group.
  • This embodiment describes a method for supplying power to a U S B interface for powering a time division multiple access load system. As shown in FIG. 4, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 slow start
  • Step 402 the capacitor device in the current limiting circuit starts to work, and limits the input current of the DC-DC DC conversion circuit.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor device is allowed to be output according to the voltage of the capacitor device when the time division multiple access load system is working and not working, and the USB interface is allowed to output.
  • the calculation of the capacitance value of the capacitor device can be carried out by using the formula (1) in the above embodiment 1, and will not be described herein.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor device can be adjusted by adjusting the switch group connected to the capacitor device.
  • the capacitive device includes more than two capacitors in parallel, each capacitor being in series with a switching device.
  • Step 403 The DC-DC DC conversion circuit performs voltage conversion to supply power to the time division multiple access load system.
  • the method further includes: detecting whether the output voltage of the USB interface is lower than a preset threshold; if lower than the preset threshold, reducing the transmit power of the time division multiple access load system.
  • the device is mainly composed of the following parts: Computer USB interface, control module, DC-DC DC converter, time division multiple access load system and baseband control system.
  • the computer USB interface provides power for the terminal and communicates with the terminal.
  • the power supply capability of the current computer USB interface is very strong. After the actual measurement, the output current can exceed 500mA under the condition that the USB port voltage is not lower than 4.75V.
  • the USB interface power supply capability of the desktop computer is greater than the power supply capability of the USB interface of the notebook computer;
  • the control module is composed of a detection circuit and a slow start circuit.
  • the input end of some DC-DC converters itself carries all or some of the functions of the control module, so the control module can select whether to add according to the situation;
  • the detection circuit in the control module has the function of setting the threshold voltage and detecting. During normal operation, the detection circuit can detect the voltage when the USB port is powered. When the multi-access load system is operating in the burst mode, the USB port causes the USB interface and the DC-DC converter input voltage due to the provision of instantaneous high current. When the detection circuit detects that the voltage drop of the USB interface reaches the set threshold (which can be set slightly higher than 4.75V, such as 4.8V), it immediately outputs a signal to the baseband control system to indicate the alarm.
  • the function of the slow-start circuit is to extend the voltage ramp-up time when the terminal is powered up, limiting the flow through the large and DC converters.
  • the function of the DC-DC converter is to convert the voltage of the USB interface into the working voltage required by the time division multiple access load system. Together with the large capacitance connected to its input, it supplies current to the time division multiple access load system. Stabilizing the voltage at the input of the DC converter plays an important role.
  • the time division multiple access load system is an RF power amplifier load system operating on a terminal for a certain period of time. It has a load with burst mode operation characteristics, and its duty cycle characteristics are as shown in FIG. 7. It is characterized by a period of time and a period of time. , closed for a while.
  • the amplifier load is capable of receiving power control from a baseband control system.
  • a capacitor group with a variable capacitance value can be used instead of the capacitor in FIG. 5, and a switch group is required to cooperate with it.
  • the switch block is connected to the baseband control system, Controlled by the baseband control system, the switch is turned on or off to control the capacitance of the capacitor bank.
  • the baseband control system adjusts the capacitance value simultaneously with the fluctuation of the USB interface voltage. When the voltage of the USB interface drops to the threshold, the switch is turned on and the capacitance value increases.
  • the power supply capability of the USB interface of different computers has been analyzed differently.
  • the switch When the terminal is plugged into the USB interface of a certain type of notebook computer, when the USB voltage drops to the threshold, the switch opens to increase the capacitance of the power supply to the power amplifier load. There will be more capacitors being charged in the charging section to meet the current needs of the amplifier load. When the voltage of the USB interface is much higher than the threshold, some switches can be turned off by the baseband control system to reduce the excess capacitance. As long as a few capacitors can meet the current requirements of the amplifier load.
  • the baseband control system mainly accepts the alarm signal transmitted from the detection circuit in the control module.
  • the power of the power amplifier load of the time division multiple access load system is controlled to reduce the power of the power amplifier load of the time division multiple access load system, thereby reducing the current demand of the power amplifier load, and controlling the switching of the switching devices in the switch group. Preventing the DC converter input and the USB interface voltage from dropping too low affects the stability of the terminal operation and the stability of the USB power supply interface.
  • Figure 8 depicts how the system works
  • the slow start circuit reduces the surge current of the power-on instant.
  • Step 802 to ensure that the terminal safely completes the power-on process.
  • the configuration terminal works at the maximum transmission power, and the power amplifier load in the instant load sharing system can work at the maximum transmission power (step 803).
  • the control module detects the voltage drop of the USB interface (step 804), if the voltage drop reaches the set threshold (to ensure safety, the threshold is generally higher than the threshold of 4.75V, such as 4.80V, etc.), the control module gives The baseband control system signals a warning, and the baseband control signal reduces the transmit power of the power amplifier of the time division multiple access load system (step 805) to reduce the power supply to the USB interface. This process is repeated until the interface power reaches or Slightly higher than the set voltage threshold, it indicates that the power amplifier power level of the time-division load system can ensure that the terminal is in a safe working state, and the USB interface is also in a safe state.
  • the control module work when the typical value of the resistor is R, the input voltage of the DC converter, the current is Ui, It, and the output voltage is U 0 , /.
  • the DC converter efficiency is ⁇
  • the current supplied by the capacitor is / c
  • the voltage of the USB interface is VBUS
  • the typical normal value is 5V
  • the lower limit value when falling occurs is 4.75V
  • USB The maximum allowable output current of the interface is I.
  • the power amplifier is not working, the voltage on the storage capacitor is UC1.
  • the impedance of the control module is extremely low, ignoring the voltage difference at this time, that is, UC1 is close to USB.
  • the interface has a normal normal value of 5V.
  • the average voltage across the storage capacitor is approximately UC2:
  • I c Ii-I Equation ( 5 )
  • the current required by the load is instantaneously divided by the current required by the multiple-access load system.
  • the required output voltage of the load is divided into the required voltage Uo of the multi-access load system, the DC conversion efficiency ⁇ , and the input voltage operating range of the DC converter, which can be easily calculated by checking the data sheet, so by equation (2) - (5) It can be derived from the relationship between the current provided by the large capacitor and the power supply capability of the USB interface:
  • C formula (10) UC1 is the initial voltage of the capacitor device when the time division multiple access load system is not working, and can be approximately equal to the typical voltage of the USB interface, which is the voltage of the capacitor device when the time division multiple access load system operates.
  • the above calculation process is calculated according to the ideal state, and the capacitance value in the actual selection is preferably larger than the theoretical calculation value.
  • the conversion efficiency ⁇ of the device is 90%, and the bq24165 supplies power to the GSM900MHz load.
  • the capacitance calculated according to this formula is definitely greater than the capacitance when considering the voltage drop on the control module. Therefore, the capacitance value certainly satisfies the demand for large capacitance of the time division multiple access load system.
  • the required mass capacitance can be 2.34mF.
  • the output current of a MAC notebook with poor measured load capacity is also 700 mA, and the calculation can obtain the required mass capacitance of 1.88 mF.
  • the power supply capability of the USB interface is 900 mA, and the required mass capacitance can be calculated to be at least 1.42 mF.
  • the number of capacitors can also be controlled according to the power supply capability of USB2.0 and USB3.0, so that it is not necessary to redesign the design terminal, and the power supply can be solved by using the adjustable capacitor group. problem. From this example, it can be seen that the stronger the power supply capability of the USB interface, the smaller the value of the mass capacitance that needs to be added.
  • the time-division multiple-access load system power supply device and method of the present application overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art to calculate the mass capacitance, and combines the actual situation of the USB interface power supply, not only considering the reliability of the USB interface and the DC converter during normal operation, It also considers the reliability problem of power-on instant after adding a large amount of capacitors, and expands the calculation method. While satisfying the terminal load power supply, taking into account the cost considerations, the terminal side needs to fully utilize the power supply capability of the computer USB interface. The massive capacitance will be reduced, reducing the design cost of the terminal. And this application is not only applicable to the USB interface supporting the USB2.0 protocol, but also to the USB interface supporting the USB3.0 protocol.
  • the device and method of the present application determine the minimum capacitance capacity required at the input end of the DC-DC converter by monitoring the USB interface voltage (not lower than the standard specification value), ensuring the reliability of the computer USB interface while ensuring the cost of the whole machine and The reliability of the terminal work. ⁇ Using the method and device of the present application, there is no need to pay attention to the USB interface to support the USB2.0 or USB3.0 protocol, and only need to consider the actual power supply capability of the USB interface, which has practical significance of universal application.

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Abstract

一种时分多址负载系统USB接口供电方法和供电设备，在确保性能的同时降低使用电容的成本。该USB接口供电设备，包括：依次相连的USB接口、缓启动电路和DC-DC直流转换电路，DC-DC直流转换电路的输出为时分多址负载系统供电，供电设备还包括电容器件：电容器件的第一端连接在缓启动电路和DC-DC直流转换电路之间，电容器件的第二端设置为接地，该电容器件用于限制DC-DC直流转换电路输入电流；电容器件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时电容器件的电压、USB接口允许输出的最大电流、DC-DC直流转换电路输入电压、时分多址负载系统所需电压和电流，以及时分多址负载系统工作周期决定。

Description

一种时分多址负载系统 USB接口供电方法和供电设备
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域， 具体涉及一种时分多址负载系统 USB ( Universal Serial Bus , 通用串行总线）接口供电的方法和供电设备。
背景技术
USB数据终端类产品越来越多， 随着数据速率的提升， 功能的增加， 功 耗的增大， 使用 USB接口的终端对 USB接口的供电要求也越来越高。 按照 USB2.0通讯协议的要求， 计算机的 USB接口的标准供电电流为 500mA, 为 了保证接口供电的安全， 终端产品的供电电路中都设置有限流电路， 目的是 保护 USB供电接口的输出电压不至于跌落到安全值以下，而限流的方式基本 上有两种， 一种是在 DC-DC 转换器的输出端进行限流， 这种限流方式对 DC-DC转换器的输出电流能力的大小要求不高，即输出电流能力小的直流转 换器就可以釆用这种方式； 而另外一种是在 DC-DC转换器的输入端进行限 流， 这种限流方式适合输出电流能力 大以至于该转换器单独输出的电流就 可以满足时分多址负载系统突发工作时对电流的需要， 需要保持转换器输入 端工作电压不跌落或跌落很少。 时分多址负载系统工作于突发模式时， 瞬间的大电流要求终端电路必须 设置一定容量的大电容来进行能量补偿，使得 USB接口端和负载端的电压不 至于跌落幅度过大。
传统 DC-DC转换器的输入端限流方式中， 限流器件的选择未考虑 USB 协议规范的电压值。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种时分多址负载系统 USB接口供电 方法和供电设备， 在确保性能的同时降低使用电容的成本。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种时分多址负载系统 USB接口供 电设备， 包括： USB接口、 緩启动电路和 DC-DC直流转换电路， 三者依次 相连， 所述 DC-DC直流转换电路的输出为时分多址负载系统供电， 其特征 在于， 所述供电设备还包括电容器件：
所述电容器件的第一端连接在緩启动电路和 DC-DC直流转换电路之间， 所述电容器件的第二端设置为接地， 所述电容器件用于限制 DC-DC直流转 换电路输入电流； 所述电容器件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工 作时电容器件的电压、 USB接口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC 直流转换电 路输入电压、 所述时分多址负载系统所需电压和电流， 以及所述时分多址负 载系统工作周期决定。
优选地， 所述电容器件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时 电容器件的电压、 USB接口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC 直流转换电路输 入电压、 所述时分多址负载系统所需电压和电流， 以及所述时分多址负载系 统工作周期决定， 包括：
所述电容值釆用下式计算获得：
ΤΤ T
(^^-/)χΓ
c = U、x"
― UCI -UC2
其中， 为时分多址负载系统未工作时电容器件初始电压， 为时 分多址负载系统工作时电容器件的电压， [/。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电 压， /。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电流， 为 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电 压，；/为 DC-DC直流转换电路转换效率， /为 USB接口允许输出最大电流， r为所述时分多址负载系统工作周期。
优选地， 所述供电设备还包括检测电路和基带控制电路， 其中： 检测电路设置为： 位于 USB接口与緩启动电路之间， 检测 USB接口的 输出电压是否低于预设门限值；
基带控制电路设置为： 一端与检测电路相连， 另一端与所述时分多址负 载系统相连，在检测电路检测到 USB接口的输出电压低于预设门限值时， 降 低所述时分多址负载系统的发射功率。
优选地， 所述电容器件包括电容组和开关组， 所述电容组的一端作为电 容器件的第一端， 所述电容组另一端作为电容器件的第二端， 所述开关组与 基带控制电路相连， 所述开关组根据基带控制电路的控制， 打开或关断开关 组的内部开关器件， 控制所述电容组的电容值。
优选地， 所述电容组包括两个以上并联的电容， 每个电容与一开关器件 串联， 所有开关组成开关组。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明还提供了一种时分多址负载系统 USB接口 供电方法， 包括：
緩启动后， 电容器件限制 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电流， 所述电容器 件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时电容器件的电压、 USB接 口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电压、 所述时分多址负载 系统所需电压和电流， 以及所述时分多址负载系统工作周期决定；
DC-DC直流转换电路进行电压转换， 为时分多址负载系统供电。
优选地， 所述电容器件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时 电容器件的电压、 USB接口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC 直流转换电路输 入电压、 所述时分多址负载系统所需电压和电流， 以及所述时分多址负载系 统工作周期决定， 包括：
所述电容值釆用下式计算获得： =_υι χη
― UCI -UC2
其中， 为时分多址负载系统未工作时电容器件初始电压， 为时 分多址负载系统工作时电容器件的电压， [/。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电 压， /。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电流， 为 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电 压，；/为 DC-DC直流转换电路转换效率， /为 USB接口允许输出最大电流，
T为所述时分多址负载系统工作周期。
优选地，所述方法还包括：检测 USB接口的输出电压是否低于预设门限 值； 如果低于预设门限值， 则降低所述时分多址负载系统的发射功率。
优选地， 所述方法还包括， 在确定所述电容器件的电容值后， 通过控制 与电容器件连接的开关组中开关器件的通断， 调节所述电容器件的电容值。 优选地， 所述电容器件包括两个以上并联的电容， 每个电容与一开关器 件串联。
本申请设备和方法通过监控 USB接口电压（不低于标准规范值 )来确定 DC-DC转换器输入端需要的最小电容容量， 在兼顾整机成本的同时， 确保计 算机 USB接口工作的可靠性及终端工作的可靠性。 釆用本申请方法和设备， 无须关注 USB接口是支持 USB2.0或 USB3.0协议，而只需要考虑 USB接口 实际的供电能力， 具有普遍应用的实际意义。 附图概述
图 1是本发明实施例 1一种供电设备结构示意图；
图 2是本发明实施例 1具有基带控制系统的供电设备结构示意图； 图 3是本发明实施例 1包含电容器件的供电设备结构示意图；
图 4是本发明实施例 2流程图；
图 5为应用示例供电设备结构示意图；
图 6为控制模块结构示意图；
图 7为时分多址系统工作周期示意图；
图 8为时分多址系统工作的流程图。 本发明的较佳实施方式
下文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。 需要说明的是， 在 不冲突的情况下， 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
实施例 1
本实施例介绍用于为时分多址负载系统供电的 USB接口供电设备，如图 1所示， 该供电设备包括： 依次连接的 USB接口、 緩启动电路和 DC-DC直 流转换电路， 此外该供电设备还包括用于限流的电容器件， 该电容器件的第 一端连接在緩启动电路和 DC-DC直流转换电路之间， 电容器件的第二端设 置为接地， 其中：
该緩启动电路， 用于实现緩启动；
该电容器件用于限制 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电流， 该电容器件的电 容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时电容器件的电压、 USB接口允许 输出的最大电流、 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电压、 时分多址负载系统所需电 压和电流， 以及时分多址负载系统工作周期决定；
该 DC-DC直流转换电路的输出用于为时分多址负载系统供电。
因为不同负载对电流的吸取不同， 不同品牌电脑的供电接口提供电流的 能力也不同。 这就导致需要的电容也是不同的， 需要 2个或 2个以上电容并 联构成的电容系列即电容组。 电容器件表示一个电容， 也可以表示一组电容 即电容组。
一个优选实施例中， 该电容器件的电容值釆用下式计算获得：
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中， 为时分多址负载系统未工作时电容器件初始电压， 为时 分多址负载系统工作时电容器件的电压， [/。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电 压， /。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电流， 为 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电 压，；/为 DC-DC直流转换电路转换效率， /为 USB接口允许输出最大电流，
T为所述时分多址负载系统工作周期。如果该 DC-DC直流转换电路转换效率 较高接近 1 , 则计算电容时也可不考虑。 上述公式（ 1 )的各种变形均在本申 请保护范围之内。 当电容器件仅用一个电容实现时， 其电容值可根据式（1 ) 计算获得。
在一个优选实施例中， 该供电设备还包括检测电路和基带控制电路， 如 图 2所示， 检测电路位于 USB接口与緩启动电路之间， 用于检测 USB接口 的输出电压是否低于预设门限值； 基带控制电路的一端与检测电路相连， 另 一端设置为与所述时分多址负载系统相连， 该基带控制电路用于在检测电路 检测到 USB接口的输出电压低于预设门限值时，降低时分多址负载系统的发 射功率。
上述电容器件的电容值可以预先设计好， 也可以设计为电容值可调的电 容组， 在另一个优选实施例中， 如图 3所示， 该电容器件包括电容组和开关 组， 电容组的一端作为电容器件的第一端， 电容组另一端作为电容器件的第 二端， 开关组与基带控制电路相连， 开关组根据基带控制电路的控制， 打开 或关断开关组内部的开关器件， 控制电容组的电容值。
上述电容组包括两个以上并联的电容， 每个电容与一开关器件串联， 所 有开关组成开关组。
实施例 2
本实施例介绍用于为时分多址负载系统供电的 U S B接口供电方法，如图 4所示， 包括以下步骤：
步骤 401 , 緩启动；
步骤 402, 限流电路中的电容器件开始工作， 限制 DC-DC直流转换电路 输入电流， 该电容器件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时电容 器件的电压、 USB接口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC 直流转换电路输入电 压、 时分多址负载系统所需电压和电流， 以及时分多址负载系统工作周期决 定；
电容器件的电容值的计算可使用上述实施例 1中式（ 1 )，此处不再赘述。 在确定电容器件的电容值后， 可通过调节与电容器件连接的开关组调节 该电容器件的电容值。 具体地， 该电容器件包括两个以上并联的电容， 每个 电容与一开关器件串联。 步骤 403 , DC-DC直流转换电路进行电压转换， 为时分多址负载系统供 电。
在一个优选实施例中，上述方法还包括：检测 USB接口的输出电压是否 低于预设门限值； 如果低于预设门限值， 则降低该时分多址负载系统的发射 功率。 下面通过应用示例对上述实施例进行具体说明。
如图 5所示， 该装置主要由以下几个部分构成： 计算机 USB接口， 控制 模块， DC-DC直流转换器， 时分多址负载系统和基带控制系统。 其中： 计算机 USB接口为终端提供电源，并与终端进行数据通讯， 目前的计算 机 USB接口的供电能力都很强， 经过实测， 在 USB端口电压不低于 4.75V 的条件下输出电流都可以超过 500mA以上， 而且台式电脑的 USB接口供电 能力要大于笔记本电脑的 USB接口供电能力；
控制模块， 如图 6 所示， 由检测电路和緩启动电路构成， 有的 DC-DC 转换器的输入端本身就携带控制模块全部功能或其中一部分功能 , 因此控制 模块可以根据情况来选择是否添加；
控制模块中的检测电路具有设置门限电压并检测的功能。 在正常工作期 间，检测电路可以对 USB口供电时的电压进行检测， 当时分多址负载系统在 突发模式工作时， USB口由于提供瞬时大电流而导致 USB接口和 DC-DC转 换器输入电压下降，当检测电路检测到 USB接口的电压跌落达到设定的阔值 (可以设置的比 4.75V略高一些比如 4.8V ),立刻输出信号给基带控制系统， 以示告警。 緩启动电路的作用是， 在终端上电时， 延长电压爬升时间， 限制流过大 和直流转换器。
DC-DC直流转换器的作用是将 USB接口的电压转换为时分多址负载系 统需要的工作电压， 它和连接在其输入端的大电容一起给时分多址负载系统 工作时提供电流， 大电容对于稳定直流转换器输入端的电压具有重要作用。
时分多址负载系统， 是终端上按照一定时间周期工作的射频功放负载系 统， 它具有突发模式工作特性的负载， 其工作周期特性参照图 7, 它的特点 是一个周期时间内， 一段时间工作， 一段时间关闭。 该功放负载能够接受基 带控制系统对其进行功率控制。
为了保证终端系统工作的灵活性， 可以用一可调电容值的电容组代替图 5 中的电容， 此外还需要一开关组与之配合。 开关组和基带控制系统相连， 受基带控制系统的控制，决定开关接通还是关断，从而控制电容组的电容值。 基带控制系统随着 USB接口电压的波动同时调整电容值， 当 USB接口的电 压跌落到门限值时， 开关打开， 电容值增加。 前面分析过不同电脑的 USB接 口的供电能力相差较大，当终端插在某种型号的笔记本电脑的 USB接口上工 作时， USB电压跌落到门限值时， 开关打开给功放负载供电的电容增加， 充 电环节会有更多的电容被充电，从而满足功放负载对电流的需要。 当 USB接 口的电压远高于门限值， 此时可以通过基带控制系统关闭一些开关， 减少多 余的电容， 只要少数电容就可以满足功放负载对电流的需要。
基带控制系统， 主要是接受控制模块中检测电路传来的告警信号。 并对 时分多址负载系统的功放负载进行功率控制， 降低时分多址负载系统的功放 负载的发射功率， 从而降低功放负载对电流的需求， 并且能够控制开关组中 开关器件的通断。防止直流转换器输入端及 USB接口电压跌落过低影响终端 工作的稳定性及 USB供电接口的稳定性。
图 8描述了该系统的工作原理：
终端上电 （步骤 801 )后， 经緩启动电路降低上电瞬间的浪涌冲击电流
(步骤 802 ) , 确保终端安全完成上电过程。 上电完成后， 配置终端工作在 最大发射功率下， 即时分负载系统中的功放负载可以工作在最大发射功率下 (步骤 803 ) 。 控制模块检测 USB接口的电压跌落情况（步骤 804 ) , 如果 电压跌落达到设定的阔值（为了确保安全， 这个阔值一般会比 4.75V的门限 高一点， 比如 4.80V等） ， 控制模块给基带控制系统一个信号以示告警， 基 带控制信号会降低时分多址负载系统的功放的发射功率 （步骤 805 ) , 以减 小对 USB接口供电的索取，这个过程会重复进行，直到接口电源达到或略高 于设定的电压阔值， 此时表明时分负载系统的功放功率等级可以确保终端处 于安全的工作状态， USB接口也处于安全状态。
下面以图 5所示电路为例对直流转换器的输入端大电容的计算进行详细 描述：
设控制模块工作时电阻的典型值为 R, 直流转换器的输入电压、 电流为 Ui, It, 输出电压为 U0, /。， 直流转换器效率为 η, 电容供电的电流为 /c, USB 接口的电压为 VBUS , 典型正常值为 5V, 发生跌落时下限值为 4.75V, USB 接口允许输出的最大电流为 I,则功放不工作时，储能电容上的电压为 UC1, 考虑到此时工作电流很小而控制模块的阻抗极低忽略此时的压差， 即 UC1 接近 USB接口典型正常值 5V; 功放工作时， 储能电容上的电压均值近似为 UC2:
UC1=5 式（2)
UC2=4.75-IR 式（3 ) 根据直流电源转换器的转换效率公式有如下等式成立：
υίχΙίχη = υοχΙα 式（4) 大电容提供的电流为 /e, 则有下面的等式成立
Ic=Ii-I 式（ 5 ) 对于一个固定的终端系统， 负载需要的电流即时分多址负载系统所需电 流 /。， 负载需要的输出电压即时分多址负载系统所需电压 Uo, 直流转换效率 η, 直流转换器的输入电压工作范围， 都可以通过查数据手册简单计算得知， 因此由等式（2) - (5)可以推算出大电容提供的电流 与 USB接口供电能 力的关系式：
I -I 式（6)
Ul χη 由于大电容在 Ton (时分多址系统该值是固定的， GSM—般为 577us ) 时间内输出电荷为 Ζΐβ, 则有下式成立
AQ=IcxTon 式（7 ) 在 Ton工作时间内电容上的电压跌落 l U近似认为：
AU=UC1-UC2 式（8) 大电容的容量设置为 C, 则有下面的等式成立
C = - 式（9) AU
- (8)可以求出所需的大电容容量 C:
C 式（10)
Figure imgf000011_0001
UC1为时分多址负载系统未工作时电容器件的初始电压， 可以近似等于 USB接口的典型电压， 为时分多址负载系统工作时电容器件的电压。 上 述计算过程是按照理想状态计算的， 实际选型中电容值优选大于该理论计算 值。
以德州仪器公司的一款直流转换器 bq24165为例， 该器件的转换效率 η 为 90%, bq24165给 GSM900MHz负载供电， 该负载在 33dBm下 3.6V供电 时需要的电流 1.8A , 由此可知： /。=3.6V , /。=1.8Α , η=90% , [/尸 4.75V , 7b«=0.577ms , UC1=5Y, 为计算方便， 忽略控制模块上的压降， 此时 UC2= ·=4.75ν。 由式（10 ) 可以计算出所需要的大电容为： = (1.516 - /)x2.308xlO-3 F
Figure imgf000012_0001
根据此公式计算的电容， 肯定大于考虑控制模块上有压降时的电容， 因 此该电容值肯定满足时分多址负载系统对大电容的需求。
按照一般 USB2.0协议规定的 USB接口输出的标准最大电流 500mA计 算，可以得到所需要的海量电容为 2.34mF。考虑到目前的计算机接口的 USB 接口的供电能力都比较强， 实测带载能力差的一款 MAC笔记本的输出电流 也有 700mA, 计算可以得到所需要的海量电容为 1.88mF , 同理对于支持 USB3.0接口的电脑来说， USB接口的供电能力为 900mA, 可以计算出需要 的海量电容至少为 1.42mF。 功放负载系统的电容带有可调电容组时， 也可以 根据 USB2.0和 USB3.0供电能力的不同， 来控制电容数量， 这样无须重新改 版设计终端， 釆用可调电容组即能解决供电问题。 从这个实例可以看出 USB 接口供电能力越强， 所需要添加的海量电容的值越小。
本申请的时分多址负载系统供电设备和方法，克服了现有技术计算海量 电容的不足， 结合 USB接口供电的实际情况， 不但考虑到 USB接口和直流 转换器在正常工作时的可靠性， 同时也考虑了增加海量电容后上电瞬间的可 靠性问题， 将计算方法进行了扩展， 在满足终端负载供电的同时， 兼顾成本 的考虑， 因充分发挥了电脑 USB接口的供电能力，终端侧需要的海量电容就 会减少， 降低了终端的设计成本。 并且本申请不仅适用于支持 USB2.0协议 的 USB接口， 也适用于支持 USB3.0协议的 USB接口。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序 来指令相关硬件完成， 所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中， 如只读 存储器、 磁盘或光盘等。 可选地， 上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用 一个或多个集成电路来实现。 相应地， 上述实施例中的各模块 /单元可以釆用 硬件的形式实现， 也可以釆用软件功能模块的形式实现。 本发明不限制于任 何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
当然， 本发明还可有其他多种实施例， 在不背离本发明精神及其实质的 但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
工业实用性
本申请设备和方法通过监控 USB接口电压（不低于标准规范值 )来确定 DC-DC转换器输入端需要的最小电容容量， 在兼顾整机成本的同时， 确保计 算机 USB接口工作的可靠性及终端工作的可靠性。 釆用本申请方法和设备， 无须关注 USB接口是支持 USB2.0或 USB3.0协议，而只需要考虑 USB接口 实际的供电能力， 具有普遍应用的实际意义。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种时分多址负载系统 USB接口供电设备， 包括： USB接口、 緩启 动电路和 DC-DC直流转换电路， 三者依次相连， 所述 DC-DC直流转换电路 的输出为时分多址负载系统供电， 其中， 所述供电设备还包括电容器件： 所述电容器件的第一端连接在緩启动电路和 DC-DC直流转换电路之间， 所述电容器件的第二端设置为接地， 所述电容器件用于限制 DC-DC直流转 换电路输入电流； 所述电容器件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工 作时电容器件的电压、 USB接口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC 直流转换电 路输入电压、 所述时分多址负载系统所需电压和电流， 以及所述时分多址负 载系统工作周期决定。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的设备， 其中，
所述电容器件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时电容器件 的电压、 USB接口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC 直流转换电路输入电压、 所述时分多址负载系统所需电压和电流， 以及所述时分多址负载系统工作周 期决定， 包括：
所述电容值釆用下式计算获得： = _υι χη
― UCI - UC2
其中， 为时分多址负载系统未工作时电容器件初始电压， 为时 分多址负载系统工作时电容器件的电压， 。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电 压， /。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电流， 为 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电 压， ；/为 DC-DC直流转换电路转换效率， /为 USB接口允许输出最大电流，
T为所述时分多址负载系统工作周期。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的设备， 其中，
所述供电设备还包括检测电路和基带控制电路， 其中：
检测电路设置为： 位于 USB接口与緩启动电路之间， 检测 USB接口的 输出电压是否低于预设门限值；
基带控制电路设置为： 一端与检测电路相连， 另一端与所述时分多址负 载系统相连，在检测电路检测到 USB接口的输出电压低于预设门限值时， 降 低所述时分多址负载系统的发射功率。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的设备， 其中，
所述电容器件包括电容组和开关组， 所述电容组的一端作为电容器件的 第一端， 所述电容组另一端作为电容器件的第二端， 所述开关组与基带控制 电路相连， 所述开关组根据基带控制电路的控制， 打开或关断开关组的内部 开关器件， 控制所述电容组的电容值。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的设备， 其中，
所述电容组包括两个以上并联的电容， 每个电容与一开关器件串联， 所 有开关组成开关组。
6、 一种时分多址负载系统 USB接口供电方法， 包括：
緩启动后， 电容器件限制 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电流， 所述电容器 件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时电容器件的电压、 USB接 口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电压、 所述时分多址负载 系统所需电压和电流， 以及所述时分多址负载系统工作周期决定；
DC-DC直流转换电路进行电压转换， 为时分多址负载系统供电。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的方法， 其中，
所述电容器件的电容值根据时分多址负载系统工作及未工作时电容器件 的电压、 USB接口允许输出的最大电流、 DC-DC 直流转换电路输入电压、 所述时分多址负载系统所需电压和电流， 以及所述时分多址负载系统工作周 期决定， 包括：
式计算获得：
Figure imgf000015_0001
其中， 为时分多址负载系统未工作时电容器件初始电压， 为时 分多址负载系统工作时电容器件的电压， 。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电 压， /。为所述时分多址负载系统所需电流， 为 DC-DC直流转换电路输入电 压， ；/为 DC-DC直流转换电路转换效率， /为 USB接口允许输出最大电流， T为所述时分多址负载系统工作周期。
8、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的方法， 其中，
所述方法还包括：检测 USB接口的输出电压是否低于预设门限值； 如果 低于预设门限值， 则降低所述时分多址负载系统的发射功率。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的方法， 其中，
所述方法还包括， 在确定所述电容器件的电容值后， 通过控制与电容器 件连接的开关组中开关器件的通断， 调节所述电容器件的电容值。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的方法， 其中，
所述电容器件包括两个以上并联的电容， 每个电容与一开关器件串联。
PCT/CN2013/082041 2012-11-19 2013-08-22 一种时分多址负载系统usb接口供电方法和供电设备 WO2014075480A1 (zh)

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