WO2014072621A1 - Building module with high performance insulation and dismantlable dry assembly method - Google Patents

Building module with high performance insulation and dismantlable dry assembly method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014072621A1
WO2014072621A1 PCT/FR2013/052618 FR2013052618W WO2014072621A1 WO 2014072621 A1 WO2014072621 A1 WO 2014072621A1 FR 2013052618 W FR2013052618 W FR 2013052618W WO 2014072621 A1 WO2014072621 A1 WO 2014072621A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
building
construction
panel
chaining
elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2013/052618
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernard Voisin
Original Assignee
Neolife
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neolife filed Critical Neolife
Priority to EP13803098.6A priority Critical patent/EP2917429B1/en
Publication of WO2014072621A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014072621A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/388—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of other materials, e.g. fibres, plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/026—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of plastic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building panel, a method of manufacturing the building panel, a building system and a building comprising the building panel, and a method of constructing such a building.
  • the walls of a building can be made from building blocks of the cinderblock or clay type possibly supplemented with layers of thermal and / or acoustic insulation, these blocks and layers being arranged between the frame elements of the building , that is to say between carrier poles.
  • these traditional walls have a relatively large thickness, in particular to provide sufficient thermal insulation of the building.
  • This thickness is all the more important that these building blocks are arranged between the columns of the load-bearing structure of the building, the latter can then form thermal bridges detrimental to the thermal insulation of the building.
  • This large thickness of the existing building blocks is troublesome in that it forces the technical distribution networks (eg water, ventilation, electricity) to be deported outside the supporting structure, which inevitably leads to a restriction of space available inside the building.
  • the present invention aims to overcome all or part of these disadvantages by proposing a building panel of small thickness, ensuring both an effective thermal insulation and bracing of the load-bearing structure of the building, while being a set up simple and fast, from the inside of the supporting structure, and independent of other adjacent building boards to facilitate any maintenance or post-construction work.
  • the present invention relates to a building panel, intended to form an exterior wall, floor or roof of a building, characterized in that the building panel comprises an outer face, an inner face, and four slices joining each one of the edges of the outer face to one of the edges of the inner face, forming a substantially parallelepipedic, hollow box, containing a thermally insulating material, evacuated via a filling orifice, the construction panel comprising also a first connecting member, projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face, intended to be inserted into a housing of an outer face of a substantially longitudinal structural member of a load-bearing structure of the building, including a pole or a joist, and a second connecting member, projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face, intended to be inserted in a housing of an outer face of a linkage element of the carrier structure and connected to said longitudinal structure element, the first and second connecting members being arranged relative to each other to constrain an implementation.
  • the building panel also comprising a fixing member, arranged on the side of the inner face to cooperate with fastening means attached to the element of structure or chaining, during or after insertion of the first and second connecting members in the housings of the corresponding outer faces.
  • the building panel according to the invention because of the vacuum of the thermally insulating material with which it was filled, provides a particularly effective thermal insulation, so that its thickness can be significantly reduced.
  • This small thickness combined with the fact that the building board is fixed on an outer face of the carrier structure formed by the structural elements and chaining, and not in the same volume of the carrier structure, that is to say in front of and not between the elements of structure and chaining, allows the realization of a wall mantle avoiding the appearance of thermal bridges, and allows the release of a space, inside the same structure, intended for the technical distribution of the building, so that it results in a gain in terms of space inside the building.
  • the building panel according to the invention thus offers the advantage of breaking the load-bearing structure.
  • the laying system by insertion of the first and second connecting members in corresponding housings of the structural element and the chaining element, that is to say in corresponding housing of the supporting structure , offers the advantage of speed and simplicity of execution, synonymous with saving labor time and speed of construction.
  • this system for inserting a single construction panel on two housings each formed on a separate element of the carrier structure allows an automatic framing of the building panel according to the invention with respect to the supporting structure, which contributes both to the speed of assembly and the realization of a bracing by setting the structural elements and chaining one with respect to the other by the mere fact of the establishment of the building panel according to the invention.
  • first and second connecting members extend substantially perpendicularly from the inner face contributes to imposing a laying motion corresponding to a tension of construction panel, from the inside of the supporting structure, to the structural elements and chaining in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inner and outer faces of the building panel, which leads to a mounting / dismounting of the building panel on the supporting structure, independent of that of other adjacent building boards.
  • the arrangement of a fixing member on the side of the inner face of the building panel has the advantage of allowing the fixing of the panel from inside the supporting structure, that is to say from the interior of the building under construction. This allows in particular to get rid of scaffolding system sometimes long to implement.
  • the first connecting member and / or the second connecting member each correspond to a rib extending substantially parallel, respectively with respect to a longitudinal edge or a transverse edge of the inner face.
  • the rib (s) corresponding to the first and / or second connecting member may extend over substantially all or all of the length or width of the building board.
  • one of the lateral faces of the rib or ribs forming the first connecting member and / or the second connecting member corresponds to a bearing surface intended to bear against a surface of the corresponding outer face of the structural member and / or the chaining member for constraining the squaring of the structural member and the chaining member when the building board is positioned against the structural member and the member chaining.
  • the building panel comprises an abutment surface intended to abut against a bearing surface of the corresponding outer face of the structural element and / or of the chaining element to stop the insertion of the building board into the structural member and / or the corresponding chaining member.
  • the first connecting member and the second connecting member extend relative to each other in substantially perpendicular directions.
  • the first or the first connecting members advantageously extend parallel to the longitudinal edges of the inner face.
  • the second or the second connecting members advantageously extend parallel to the transverse edges of the inner face.
  • the first connecting member and / or the second connecting member may extend respectively along an edge of the inner face of the building panel.
  • the first and / or the second connecting member may extend in the extension of one of the slices of the construction panel.
  • the building panel may comprise a plurality of first connecting members, arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane P parallel to the two longitudinal edges of the building panel, and a plurality of second connecting members, arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane P 'parallel to the two transverse slices of the building board.
  • the building board may include a peripheral seal.
  • the building panel according to the invention provides airtightness and water, in front of the load-bearing structure of the building, which substantially reduces the risk of moisture or unwanted air currents in the future building .
  • This seal is intended to seal air and water between two adjacent building panels.
  • the seal may be housed in grooves on each of the slices of the building board and arranged in continuity with each other.
  • the filling orifice is for example provided on a wafer, for example a transverse slice, of the construction panel.
  • the fixing member of the building panel may correspond to a socket intended to receive a fixing member such as a threaded rod.
  • This socket may correspond to an insert implemented during a shaping step of the building panel according to the invention.
  • the building panel may be made of a composite material having in particular properties of imputrescgga.
  • the building board can be shaped by molding or rotational molding.
  • the thermally insulating material may correspond to hydrogenated perlite.
  • the thermally insulating material may be inserted into the building panel via the filling orifice and tamped, preferably vibrated, for example in an alternating translational movement in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal sections of the building board.
  • the thermally insulating material is evacuated.
  • the building board may be a floor module for supporting a floor.
  • the building panel may correspond to a wall module, which may include a finished exterior facing, and may optionally include an opening, for example to support a double or triple glazing.
  • the building panel can correspond to an intermediate floor module, between two levels of a building, which can integrate a sound insulation.
  • the building panel can be a roof module that can be sealed to a finished exterior.
  • the invention also relates to a building comprising a building panel having the aforementioned characteristics.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a building panel having the aforementioned features, comprising the steps of:
  • the method of manufacturing the building panel may comprise, during the step of forming a composite material, a step of placing an insert corresponding to the fixing member.
  • the method of manufacturing the building board may also include an additional step of positioning a peripheral seal in one or more grooves of the building board.
  • the invention also relates to a construction system for forming the mechanical shell of a building, comprising:
  • substantially longitudinal structural elements in particular posts or joists, arranged parallel to each other, each comprising an outer receiving surface of the first connecting member of at least one of the building panels, and one face interior opposite to the outer face, spaced therefrom by a predetermined distance for the creation of a technical space for the establishment of at least one distribution network,
  • substantially longitudinal chaining elements arranged at the ends of the structural elements by connecting a plurality of structural elements, each comprising an outer receiving face of the second connecting member of at least one of the building panels,
  • outer face of the structural members and / or the outer face of the chaining elements has blocking means for blocking the insertion of the building boards into a predetermined position in which the building boards together form an insulation wall thermal deportation forward of the load-bearing structure of the building formed by the structural elements and the elements of chaining, out of the technical space delimited between the outer and inner faces of the structural elements.
  • the building panels together form a wall mantle providing thermal insulation, without thermal bridge, since the building panels are deported in a plane in front of the structural elements, and not between these structural elements.
  • this arrangement frees the space between the structural elements (this space being traditionally occupied by thermal insulation means) and allows the creation of a technical space intended to ensure the passage of distribution networks between the elements of the structure. structure.
  • the locking means may comprise a bearing surface formed on the outer face of the structural elements and / or chaining elements and against which is intended to abut a stop surface formed on the building panels.
  • the outer face of the structural elements and / or the elements of chaining may comprise a groove shaped to receive respectively at least a first connecting member or a second connecting member.
  • the groove on the outer face of the structural members may be shaped to receive two first connecting members each belonging to a separate building panel.
  • the grooves of the structural elements and the elements of chaining thus form a frame for receiving the first and second connecting members of each building panel.
  • the bearing surface may correspond to the bottom of this groove, and / or to the upper wall of one of the flanks of this groove.
  • the lateral surface of one of the flanks of this groove may correspond to a counter-bearing surface intended to receive the bearing surface of the first connecting member or the second connecting member.
  • each structural element comprises at least one hole for the passage of a distribution network between the structural elements, in the technical space delimited between the outer face and the inner face of the structural elements.
  • the inner face of the structural members may be shaped to receive one or more interior trim panels.
  • the building system comprises in particular fixing means, from the inside, of each building panel against the structural elements and / or chaining.
  • the fastening means may comprise a clamping plate intended to abut against a counter-bearing surface of the structural element, opposite to the bearing surface, and a fixing member intended to cooperate simultaneously with the plate of tightening and with one of the organs of fastening for fixing the building board against the clamping structure element.
  • the counter-support face optionally comprises a groove for receiving a return of the clamping plate.
  • the fixing member may correspond to a threaded rod rotatably mounted relative to the clamping plate and one end of which is inserted into a socket formed by the fastening member of the construction board.
  • the fixing member comprises a head shaped to receive a tool, for example a shock wrench, for transmitting a torque to the fastener.
  • a tool for example a shock wrench
  • the first connecting member and / or the second connecting member may have a lateral bearing surface intended to bear against a wall of the groove formed respectively on the receiving interface of the structural element and / or on the receiving interface of the chaining element.
  • the structural elements and / or chaining can be made of a composite material, for example by pultrusion of flax fibers and thermosetting resin.
  • the invention also relates to a method of constructing a building comprising the steps of:
  • the method also comprises, where appropriate, after step h, a step of positioning and fixing building panels with a parapet on the last group of chaining elements set up.
  • the method may further comprise at least one reiteration of steps b to f, prior to the implementation of steps g and h, for performing at least one additional level.
  • the method of construction may also include the installation of at least one distribution network in the technical space formed between the joists and / or adjacent posts.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective and front view of a building panel according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view from behind of a construction panel according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the exterior of a building comprising a building panel according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 are detailed views of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the interior of a building comprising a building panel according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of part of FIG. 9, FIGS. 10 and 11 are top and perspective views, before and after mounting of a building panel according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • FIGS. 12 to 26 are perspective views illustrating several steps of building a building with building panels according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a construction panel 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the construction panel 1 is intended to form exterior wall, floor, or roof of a building 100, an example of which is visible in FIG.
  • the construction panel 1 may correspond to a floor module 101, possibly intended to support a coating.
  • the panel 1 of construction may correspond to a wall module 102, which may comprise a finished exterior facing, and may optionally include an opening, for example to support a double or triple glazing 103.
  • the construction panel 1 may correspond to a module 104 of intermediate floor, when the building 100 comprises several levels, for example two according to the example of Figure 26, and may if necessary integrate a sound insulation.
  • the construction panel 1 may also correspond to a roof module 106 which may include a sealed exterior finish.
  • the construction panel 1 comprises an outer face 2, an inner face 4, and four slices 6, 6 '.
  • the construction panel 1 forms a substantially parallelepipedic box, hollow, containing a thermally insulating material, such as hydrogenated perlite.
  • This insulating material is evacuated during the manufacture of the construction panel 1, to increase the thermal insulation of the building panel 1.
  • the insulating material may be introduced inside the construction panel 1 and placed under vacuum via a filling orifice 8, arranged for example on one of the slices 6, 6 ', for example an upper transverse slice 6', for example this is illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • the construction panel 1 comprises a first connecting member 10, projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face 4. As can be seen, for example, in FIG.
  • the connecting member 10 is intended to be inserted into a housing 11 of an outer face of a substantially longitudinal structure element 108 of a load-bearing structure of the building. 100.
  • the element 108 of structure can in particular correspond to a pole 1 10, arranged substantially vertically, or a joists 1 12, arranged substantially horizontally.
  • the construction panel 1 also comprises a second connecting member 12, projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face 4, intended to be inserted into a housing 1 16 of an outer face of an element 1 18 chaining the supporting structure.
  • the element 1 18 of chaining is intended for the chaining of a plurality of elements 108 of structure.
  • the element 1 18 chaining comprises housing 120, each intended to receive an end of a structural element 108.
  • first connecting member 10 and the second connecting member 12 may each correspond to a rib.
  • the rib corresponding to the first connecting member 10 may extend over almost the entire length of the construction panel 1, while the rib corresponding to the second connecting member 12 may be extend over the entire width of the construction panel 1.
  • the ribs respectively corresponding to the first connecting member 10 and the second connecting member 12 extend here relative to each other in substantially perpendicular directions, to allow the squares 108, 18 of structure and chaining.
  • the first connecting member 10 extends parallel to a longitudinal edge, that is to say an edge corresponding to a length, of the inner face 4.
  • the second connecting member 12 extends meanwhile parallel to a transverse edge, that is to say an edge corresponding to a width, of the inner face 4.
  • One or more first connecting members 10 may extend more particularly along one of the longitudinal edges of the inner face 4, in other words in the extension of one of the slices 6 longitudinal.
  • One or more second connecting members 12 may more particularly extend along a transverse edge of the inner face 4, that is to say in the extension of one of the slices 6 'transverse.
  • the construction panel 1 may comprise a stop surface 14, such as the upper face of the ribs corresponding to the first connecting member 10 or the second connecting member 12, intended to bear against a bearing surface 122 such as the bottom of the housing 1 14 or corresponding housing 1 16, for the purpose of stopping the insertion of the construction panel 1 in the structure element 108 and / or the corresponding element 1 18 chaining.
  • a stop surface 14 such as the upper face of the ribs corresponding to the first connecting member 10 or the second connecting member 12
  • a bearing surface 122 such as the bottom of the housing 1 14 or corresponding housing 1 16 for the purpose of stopping the insertion of the construction panel 1 in the structure element 108 and / or the corresponding element 1 18 chaining.
  • a side face 16 of these ribs may correspond to a bearing surface intended to bear against a surface 124 of the housing 1 14 or the housing 1 16 corresponding, the surface 124 may correspond to a side wall of the housing 1 14 or the housing 1 16, to constrain the squaring of the structure element 108 and the element 1 18 chaining when the construction panel 1 is inserted into the structural element 108 and the element 1 18 chaining.
  • the construction panel 1 may also comprise a support surface 18 intended to rest against a corresponding support surface 126 of the chaining element 1 18, to support the weight of the construction panel 1 when it is put in place against the elements 108, 1 18 of structure and chaining.
  • This support face 18 may correspond to an end wall of the rib or ribs forming the first connection member or 10, or to a lower wall of a support member 20, projecting from the face 4 interior, and specially provided for this purpose. Note that the support surface 18 is advantageously perpendicular to the inner face 4.
  • the panel 1 of construction may comprise in particular two or four first connecting members 10, arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane parallel to the two longitudinal slices 6 of the construction panel 1, and two second connecting members 12, arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane parallel to the two 6 'transverse slices of the construction panel 1.
  • the construction panel 1 also comprises one or more fasteners 22, arranged on the inner face 4, in particular near the first connection member or members 10, to cooperate with fixing, described in more detail below, intended to be attached to the structural element 108 or possibly to the element 1 18 chaining during or after insertion of the first and second members 10, 12 of connection in the housing 1 14 , 16 correspondents.
  • the fastening means comprise, for example, a clamping plate 128 intended to abut against a counter-support surface 130 of the structural element 108, opposite the bearing surface 122, and a fastening member 136 intended to simultaneously cooperate with the clamping plate 128 and with one of the fasteners 22 for fixing the construction panel 1 against the clamping structure element 108.
  • the fastening members 22 correspond to bushings having an internal thread
  • the fastening members 136 correspond to threaded rods intended to be inserted into the sleeves forming the organs. 22 fixing.
  • the threaded rods also pass through the corresponding clamping plate 128; they may have a shaped head to cooperate with a removable tool, such as an impact wrench, for transmitting torque to the threaded rod to rotate it and perform the clamping.
  • sleeves forming the fastening members 22 may each correspond to an insert placed prior to a shaping step, for example molding or rotational molding, of the panel 1 of construction.
  • the construction panel 1 may comprise a peripheral seal 24.
  • the seal 24 is intended to seal air and water between two adjacent panels 1 of construction.
  • the seal 24 may be housed in grooves provided on each of the slices 6 of the construction panel 1 and arranged in continuity with each other.
  • a method of manufacturing the construction panel 1 is described below.
  • This manufacturing method comprises a shaping step, for example by molding or rotomolding, the panel 1 of construction.
  • the construction panel 1 may be made of a composite material that may in particular have properties of imputrescibility.
  • the manufacturing method of the construction panel 1 also comprises an insertion step in the construction panel 1, via the orifice 8 filling, a thermally insulating material, such as hydrogenated perlite.
  • a thermally insulating material such as hydrogenated perlite.
  • the building panel 1 may be partially or completely filled with the thermally insulating material.
  • the method also comprises a step of tamping or vibrotassage, in particular lateral, that is to say according to an alternating translational movement in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal slices 6 or 6 'transverse slices, depending in particular the location of the filling port 8, thermally insulating material inserted into the panel 1 of construction.
  • the manufacturing method of the construction panel 1 also comprises a step of evacuating the thermally insulating material contained in the panel 1 of construction.
  • the manufacturing method of the construction panel 1 may further comprise, prior to the step of shaping a composite material, a step of placing an insert to form the fixing member 22.
  • the method of manufacturing the building panel 1 may also include an additional step of positioning a peripheral seal 24 in one or more grooves of the building panel 1.
  • the invention also relates to a construction system, intended to form the mechanical shell of the building 100.
  • This construction system comprises a plurality of panels 1 of construction, elements 108 of substantially longitudinal structure (posts 1 10 or joists 1 12), and elements 1 18 of substantially longitudinal chain, arranged at the ends of the structural elements 108 and connecting several elements 108 of adjacent structure, for example by insertion of the ends of the structural elements 108 in the housing 120 of the elements 1 18 chaining.
  • Each structural element 108 comprises an outer face having a housing 14, for example a groove, intended to receive a or first several connecting members, for example two first connecting members 10 each belonging to a panel 1 of distinct construction so that two panels 1 of separate construction are attached to the same element 108 of structure, and an opposite inner face 134 on the outside, spaced therefrom by a predetermined distance for the creation of a technical space for the establishment of a distribution network.
  • the elements 1 18 chaining comprise an outer face with a housing 1 16, such as a groove for receiving a second member 12 connecting.
  • the outer face of the elements 108 of structure and / or the outer face of the elements 1 18 chaining may have a bearing surface 122, such as the bottom of the housing 1 14, 1 16 or an upper wall of one of the flanks housings 1 14, 1 16, to block the insertion of the panels 1 of construction in a predetermined position in which the panels 1 of construction together form a thermal insulation wall offset in front of the carrier structure formed by the structural elements 108 and the elements 1 18 chaining, out of the technical space delimited between the outer and inner faces of the structural elements 108.
  • a bearing surface 122 such as the bottom of the housing 1 14, 1 16 or an upper wall of one of the flanks housings 1 14, 1 16, to block the insertion of the panels 1 of construction in a predetermined position in which the panels 1 of construction together form a thermal insulation wall offset in front of the carrier structure formed by the structural elements 108 and the elements 1 18 chaining, out of the technical space delimited between the outer and inner faces of the structural elements 108.
  • a lateral surface of the housing 1 14, 1 16 may correspond to a counter-support surface 124 intended to receive the bearing surface 16 of one of the first connecting members 10 or one of the second connecting members 12 .
  • the structural elements 108 may comprise at least one hole 132 for the passage of a distribution network between the structural elements 108, in the technical space delimited between the outer face and the inner face. elements 108 of structure.
  • the inner face 134 of the structural members 108 may be shaped to receive one or more interior trim panels (not shown).
  • the construction system also comprises means for fastening, from the inside, the building panels 1 against the outer face of the structural elements 108, the fixing means comprising, for example, as previously described, the clamping plate 128 arranged against the counter-support face 130 of one of the elements 108 of structure, opposite the support surface 122, and a cooperating fastening member 136 simultaneously with the clamping plate 128 and a member 22 for fixing one of the panels 1 of construction for fixing the construction panel 1 on the element 108 of clamping structure.
  • the fixing means comprising, for example, as previously described, the clamping plate 128 arranged against the counter-support face 130 of one of the elements 108 of structure, opposite the support surface 122, and a cooperating fastening member 136 simultaneously with the clamping plate 128 and a member 22 for fixing one of the panels 1 of construction for fixing the construction panel 1 on the element 108 of clamping structure.
  • the counter-support face 130 optionally comprises a groove 138 intended to receive a return 140 of the clamping plate 128.
  • the fixing member 136 may correspond to a threaded rod rotatably mounted relative to the clamping plate 128 and one end of which is inserted into a socket forming the corresponding fastening member 22 of the construction panel 1.
  • the fixing member 136 may in particular comprise a head shaped to receive a removable tool, for example a shock wrench, for transmitting a torque to the fastener member 136.
  • the elements 1 18 of chaining may comprise the support surface 126 intended to receive the support face 18 provided on the panels 1 of construction, so as to support the latter once in place against the supporting structure of the building 100.
  • the structure elements 108 and / or the elements 1 18 of chaining may be made of a composite material, for example by pultrusion of flax fibers and thermosetting resin. This has the advantage of a substantially reduced mass allowing manu-portability, with high mechanical strength and no expansion or recovery of moisture.
  • the building system may further comprise accessory building modules, such as a building module 142 forming a lower skirt of the building 100, visible in FIGS. 3, 5 and 7, or a building module 144 forming a parapet, visible on the 3, 4 and 6.
  • These modules 142, 144 comprise a second connecting member 12 intended to be inserted in a housing 1 16 of an element 1 18 chaining respectively the lowest or the highest of the building 100.
  • the module 144 In order to form an acroterium, it may furthermore comprise a protruding support member 20 intended to bear on the support surface 126 of the chaining element 1 18 to which it is intended to be attached.
  • the modules 142, 144 may also comprise a seal 24.
  • the invention also relates to a method of constructing a building 100, steps of which are illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 26.
  • This construction method comprises a step (FIG. 12) of putting in place a first group of elements 1 18 of chaining.
  • the construction method comprises a step (FIG. 14) of placing and fixing panels 1 of construction on the joists 1 12, to counteract and form a thermally insulating floor, by insertion of the first and second connecting members 10, 12 in the housings 1 14, 1 16 corresponding, in an insertion movement perpendicular to the faces 2, 4 of the panels 1 of construction.
  • These construction panels 1 form modules 101 of soil.
  • the method optionally comprises a step (FIG. 15) of placing and fixing modules 142 forming a lower skirt, by inserting their second connecting member 12 into the housings 1 16 of the elements 1 18 of chaining previously put in place.
  • the method comprises a step (FIG. 16) for positioning posts 1 10, corresponding to elements 108 of structure, on the first group of elements 1 18 of chaining, by inserting one of their ends into one of the housing 120.
  • the construction method of the building 100 comprises a step (FIG. 17) of placing a second group 1 18 of chaining elements on the posts 1 10.
  • the method comprises a step (FIG. 18) for positioning and fixing construction panels 1, forming wall modules 102, on the posts 1 10, by inserting the first and second connecting members 10, 12 into the frame formed by the housings 1 14, 1 16 corresponding, in an insertion movement perpendicular to the faces 2, 4 of the panels 1 of construction, for contravening and form a thermally insulating outer wall.
  • the construction method comprises the repetition of some of the preceding steps, as many times as there are levels in addition to the first one. level (ground floor).
  • This reiteration comprises in particular a step (FIG. 19) of joisting, a step (FIG.
  • the construction method comprises a step ( Figure 24) of positioning joists 1 12 roofing on the last group of elements 1 18 chaining set up.
  • the method then comprises a step (FIG. 25) of placing and fixing structural panels 1 forming roof modules 106 on the roof joists 1 12, for contravening and forming a thermally insulating roof, by inserting the first and second connecting members 10, 12 in the frame formed by the housings 1 14, 1 16 corresponding, in an insertion movement perpendicular to the faces 2, 4 of the panels 1 of construction.
  • the method may finally comprise a step (FIG. 26) of positioning and fixing modules 144 forming a paratrooper on the last group of elements 1 18 of chaining set up.
  • the method of construction may also include placing at least one distribution network in the holes 132 of the structural elements 108, that is to say the posts 1 10 or joists 1 12.

Abstract

The building panel (1) comprises an outer face (2), an inner face (4) and four edge faces (6, 6'), forming a hollow parallelepipedal box section containing a thermally insulating material placed under vacuum, via an orifice, a first connecting member (10) and a second connecting member (12) projecting at right angles from the interior face (4) and intended to be inserted using a movement perpendicular to the faces (2, 4), one of them into a housing in an exterior face of a structural element and the other into a housing in an exterior face of a wall tie element in order to brace the structural and wall tie elements, and a fixing member (22) on the side of the face (4) to collaborate with fixing means attached to the structural or wall tie element.

Description

Module de construction avec isolant haute performance et procédé d'assemblage à sec démontable  Construction module with high performance insulation and removable dry assembly process
La présente invention concerne un panneau de construction, un procédé de fabrication de ce panneau de construction, un système de construction et un bâtiment comprenant ce panneau de construction, et un procédé de construction d'un tel bâtiment. The present invention relates to a building panel, a method of manufacturing the building panel, a building system and a building comprising the building panel, and a method of constructing such a building.
Traditionnellement, les murs d'un bâtiment peuvent être réalisés à partir de blocs de construction de type parpaing ou argile éventuellement complétés avec des couches d'isolation thermique et/ou acoustique, ces blocs et couches étant agencés entre les éléments d'ossature du bâtiment, c'est-à- dire entre des poteaux porteurs.  Traditionally, the walls of a building can be made from building blocks of the cinderblock or clay type possibly supplemented with layers of thermal and / or acoustic insulation, these blocks and layers being arranged between the frame elements of the building , that is to say between carrier poles.
Cependant, ces murs traditionnels présentent une épaisseur relativement importante, notamment pour assurer une isolation thermique suffisante du bâtiment. Cette épaisseur est d'autant plus importante que ces blocs de construction sont agencés entre les poteaux de la structure porteuse du bâtiment, ces derniers pouvant alors former des ponts thermiques préjudiciables à l'isolation thermique du bâtiment. Cette épaisseur importante des blocs de construction existants est gênante dans la mesure où elle contraint à déporter les réseaux de distribution technique (par exemple eau, ventilation, électricité) à l'extérieur de la structure porteuse, ce qui conduit inévitablement à une restriction de l'espace disponible à l'intérieur du bâtiment.  However, these traditional walls have a relatively large thickness, in particular to provide sufficient thermal insulation of the building. This thickness is all the more important that these building blocks are arranged between the columns of the load-bearing structure of the building, the latter can then form thermal bridges detrimental to the thermal insulation of the building. This large thickness of the existing building blocks is troublesome in that it forces the technical distribution networks (eg water, ventilation, electricity) to be deported outside the supporting structure, which inevitably leads to a restriction of space available inside the building.
Par ailleurs, les blocs de construction traditionnels n'assurent généralement pas le contreventement de la structure porteuse du bâtiment. Il est par conséquent nécessaire de prévoir un dispositif annexe, comme des croix de Saint-André, pour assurer le contreventement. Outre la difficulté éventuelle de mise en place de tels dispositifs, il en résulte nécessairement une augmentation de la durée de construction du bâtiment, donc le coût de temps de main d'œuvre.  In addition, traditional building blocks do not generally provide bracing for the load-bearing structure of the building. It is therefore necessary to provide an auxiliary device, such as crosses of St. Andrew, to ensure the bracing. In addition to the possible difficulty of setting up such devices, it necessarily results in an increase in the construction time of the building, therefore the cost of labor time.
De surcroît, la fabrication des parois d'un bâtiment à l'aide des techniques traditionnelles implique généralement un travail depuis l'extérieur de la structure porteuse, autrement dit depuis l'extérieur du bâtiment en cours de construction. Il devient donc souvent nécessaire, dès que le bâtiment comprend plusieurs niveaux, de mettre en place un système d'échafaudage, ce qui contribue à l'allongement de la durée des travaux de construction. Enfin, la détérioration, par accident ou vandalisme, d'un pan de mur ou de toiture nécessite parfois de rebâtir intégralement le mur ou la toiture détérioré. Cette opération prend évidemment du temps, ce qui engendre des coûts importants et des désagréments pour les occupants du bâtiment. In addition, the manufacture of the walls of a building using traditional techniques usually involves work from outside the supporting structure, in other words from outside the building being built. It therefore often becomes necessary, as soon as the building has several levels, to set up a scaffolding system, which contributes to the lengthening of the duration of the construction work. Finally, the deterioration, by accident or vandalism, of a wall or roof sometimes requires completely rebuilding the wall or roof deteriorated. This operation obviously takes time, which generates significant costs and inconvenience for the occupants of the building.
Aussi la présente invention vise à pallier tout ou partie de ces inconvénients en proposant un panneau de construction de faible épaisseur, assurant à la fois une isolation thermique efficace et le contreventement de la structure porteuse du bâtiment, tout en étant d'une mise en place simple et rapide, depuis l'intérieur de la structure porteuse, et indépendante de celle d'autres panneaux de construction adjacents pour faciliter toute opération de maintenance ou de travaux postérieurs à la construction du bâtiment.  Also the present invention aims to overcome all or part of these disadvantages by proposing a building panel of small thickness, ensuring both an effective thermal insulation and bracing of the load-bearing structure of the building, while being a set up simple and fast, from the inside of the supporting structure, and independent of other adjacent building boards to facilitate any maintenance or post-construction work.
A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un panneau de construction, destiné à former mur extérieur, sol ou toiture d'un bâtiment, caractérisé en ce que le panneau de construction comprend une face extérieure, une face intérieure, et quatre tranches joignant chacune l'un des bords de la face extérieure à l'un des bords de la face intérieure, formant un caisson sensiblement parallélépipédique, creux, contenant un matériau thermiquement isolant, mis sous vide, via un orifice de remplissage, le panneau de construction comprenant également un premier organe de liaison, en saillie sensiblement perpendiculaire par rapport à la face intérieure, destiné à être inséré dans un logement d'une face extérieure d'un élément de structure sensiblement longitudinal d'une structure porteuse du bâtiment, notamment un poteau ou une solive, et un deuxième organe de liaison, en saillie sensiblement perpendiculaire par rapport à la face intérieure, destiné à être inséré dans un logement d'une face extérieure d'un élément de chaînage de la structure porteuse et relié audit élément de structure longitudinal, les premier et deuxième organes de liaison étant agencés l'un par rapport à l'autre pour contraindre une mise en équerre automatique de l'élément de structure et de l'élément de chaînage du fait de l'insertion des premier et deuxième organes de liaison dans les logements des faces extérieures correspondantes, les premier et deuxième organes de liaison étant conformés pour que cette insertion ait lieu selon un mouvement d'insertion sensiblement perpendiculaire aux faces extérieure et intérieure du panneau de construction, le panneau de construction comprenant également un organe de fixation, agencé du côté de la face intérieure pour coopérer avec des moyens de fixation rattachés à l'élément de structure ou de chaînage, pendant ou après insertion des premier et deuxième organes de liaison dans les logements des faces extérieures correspondantes. To this end, the present invention relates to a building panel, intended to form an exterior wall, floor or roof of a building, characterized in that the building panel comprises an outer face, an inner face, and four slices joining each one of the edges of the outer face to one of the edges of the inner face, forming a substantially parallelepipedic, hollow box, containing a thermally insulating material, evacuated via a filling orifice, the construction panel comprising also a first connecting member, projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face, intended to be inserted into a housing of an outer face of a substantially longitudinal structural member of a load-bearing structure of the building, including a pole or a joist, and a second connecting member, projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face, intended to be inserted in a housing of an outer face of a linkage element of the carrier structure and connected to said longitudinal structure element, the first and second connecting members being arranged relative to each other to constrain an implementation. automatic bracket of the structural element and the chaining element due to the insertion of the first and second connecting members in the housings of the corresponding outer faces, the first and second connecting members being shaped so that this insertion has place in an insertion movement substantially perpendicular to the outer and inner faces of the building panel, the building panel also comprising a fixing member, arranged on the side of the inner face to cooperate with fastening means attached to the element of structure or chaining, during or after insertion of the first and second connecting members in the housings of the corresponding outer faces.
Ainsi, le panneau de construction selon l'invention, du fait de la mise sous vide du matériau thermiquement isolant avec lequel il a été rempli, offre une isolation thermique particulièrement efficace, si bien que son épaisseur peut être sensiblement réduite. Cette faible épaisseur, combinée au fait que le panneau de construction est fixé sur une face extérieure de la structure porteuse formée par les éléments de structure et de chaînage, et non dans le volume même de la structure porteuse, c'est-à-dire devant et non pas entre les éléments de structure et de chaînage, permet la réalisation d'un mur manteau évitant l'apparition de ponts thermiques, et permet la libération d'un espace, à l'intérieur même de la structure porteuse, destiné à la distribution technique du bâtiment, si bien qu'il en résulte un gain en terme de place à l'intérieur du bâtiment.  Thus, the building panel according to the invention, because of the vacuum of the thermally insulating material with which it was filled, provides a particularly effective thermal insulation, so that its thickness can be significantly reduced. This small thickness, combined with the fact that the building board is fixed on an outer face of the carrier structure formed by the structural elements and chaining, and not in the same volume of the carrier structure, that is to say in front of and not between the elements of structure and chaining, allows the realization of a wall mantle avoiding the appearance of thermal bridges, and allows the release of a space, inside the same structure, intended for the technical distribution of the building, so that it results in a gain in terms of space inside the building.
De surcroît, il résulte de la coopération du panneau de construction selon l'invention avec un élément de structure et un élément de chaînage de cet élément de structure, le contreventement de la structure porteuse. Le panneau de construction selon l'invention offre ainsi l'avantage de contreventer la structure porteuse.  In addition, it results from the cooperation of the building panel according to the invention with a structural element and a chaining element of this structural element, the bracing of the carrier structure. The building panel according to the invention thus offers the advantage of breaking the load-bearing structure.
Par ailleurs, le système de pose, par insertion des premier et deuxième organes de liaison dans des logements correspondants de l'élément de structure et de l'élément de chaînage, c'est-à-dire dans des logements correspondants de la structure porteuse, offre l'avantage de la rapidité et de la simplicité d'exécution, synonymes de gain de temps de main d'œuvre et de rapidité de construction. En particulier, ce système d'insertion d'un seul panneau de construction sur deux logements ménagés chacun sur un élément distinct de la structure porteuse (en l'occurrence un élément de structure comme un poteau ou une solive et un élément de chaînage de cet élément de structure) permet un cadrage automatique du panneau de construction selon l'invention par rapport à la structure porteuse, ce qui contribue tant à la rapidité de montage qu'à la réalisation d'un contreventement par mise en équerre des éléments de structure et de chaînage l'un par rapport à l'autre du seul fait de la mise en place du panneau de construction selon l'invention.  Furthermore, the laying system, by insertion of the first and second connecting members in corresponding housings of the structural element and the chaining element, that is to say in corresponding housing of the supporting structure , offers the advantage of speed and simplicity of execution, synonymous with saving labor time and speed of construction. In particular, this system for inserting a single construction panel on two housings each formed on a separate element of the carrier structure (in this case a structural element such as a post or a joist and a linkage element of this structure element) allows an automatic framing of the building panel according to the invention with respect to the supporting structure, which contributes both to the speed of assembly and the realization of a bracing by setting the structural elements and chaining one with respect to the other by the mere fact of the establishment of the building panel according to the invention.
De plus, le fait que les premier et deuxième organes de liaison s'étendent sensiblement perpendiculairement depuis la face intérieure contribue à imposer un mouvement de pose correspondant à une traction du panneau de construction, depuis l'intérieur de la structure porteuse, vers les éléments de structure et de chaînage selon une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire aux faces intérieure et extérieure du panneau de construction, ce qui conduit à un montage/démontage du panneau de construction sur la structure porteuse, indépendant de celui des autres panneaux de construction adjacents. En cas de détérioration de l'un des panneaux de construction, il est ainsi possible de démonter et remplacer uniquement le panneau de construction abîmé, si bien que les interventions de maintenance sont rapides et aisées. In addition, the fact that the first and second connecting members extend substantially perpendicularly from the inner face contributes to imposing a laying motion corresponding to a tension of construction panel, from the inside of the supporting structure, to the structural elements and chaining in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inner and outer faces of the building panel, which leads to a mounting / dismounting of the building panel on the supporting structure, independent of that of other adjacent building boards. In case of deterioration of one of the building panels, it is thus possible to dismantle and replace only the damaged building panel, so that maintenance interventions are quick and easy.
Enfin, l'agencement d'un organe de fixation du côté de la face intérieure du panneau de construction présente l'avantage de permettre la fixation du panneau depuis l'intérieur de la structure porteuse, c'est-à-dire depuis l'intérieur du bâtiment en construction. Cela permet notamment de s'affranchir de système d'échafaudage parfois long à mettre en place.  Finally, the arrangement of a fixing member on the side of the inner face of the building panel has the advantage of allowing the fixing of the panel from inside the supporting structure, that is to say from the interior of the building under construction. This allows in particular to get rid of scaffolding system sometimes long to implement.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le premier organe de liaison et/ou le deuxième organe de liaison correspondent chacun à une nervure s'étendant de façon sensiblement parallèle, respectivement par rapport à un bord longitudinal ou un bord transversal de la face intérieure.  According to one embodiment, the first connecting member and / or the second connecting member each correspond to a rib extending substantially parallel, respectively with respect to a longitudinal edge or a transverse edge of the inner face.
La (les) nervure(s) correspondant au premier et/ou au deuxième organe de liaison peut s'étendre sur la quasi-totalité ou la totalité de la longueur ou de la largeur du panneau de construction.  The rib (s) corresponding to the first and / or second connecting member may extend over substantially all or all of the length or width of the building board.
Cela contribue à une meilleure résistance mécanique du panneau de construction (meilleure résistance à la flexion ou à la torsion), donc à un meilleur contreventement.  This contributes to a better mechanical strength of the building board (better resistance to bending or twisting), thus to a better bracing.
De manière avantageuse, l'une des faces latérales de la ou des nervures formant le premier organe de liaison et/ou le deuxième organe de liaison correspond à une surface d'appui destinée à venir en appui contre une surface de la face extérieure correspondante de l'élément de structure et/ou de l'élément de chaînage pour contraindre la mise en équerre de l'élément de structure et de l'élément de chaînage lorsque le panneau de construction est positionné contre l'élément de structure et l'élément de chaînage.  Advantageously, one of the lateral faces of the rib or ribs forming the first connecting member and / or the second connecting member corresponds to a bearing surface intended to bear against a surface of the corresponding outer face of the structural member and / or the chaining member for constraining the squaring of the structural member and the chaining member when the building board is positioned against the structural member and the member chaining.
Selon une forme d'exécution, le panneau de construction comprend une surface de butée destinée à venir en appui contre une surface d'appui de la face extérieure correspondante de l'élément de structure et/ou de l'élément de chaînage pour stopper l'insertion du panneau de construction dans l'élément de structure et/ou l'élément de chaînage correspondant. Selon une possibilité, le premier organe de liaison et le deuxième organe de liaison s'étendent l'un par rapport l'autre dans des directions sensiblement perpendiculaires. According to one embodiment, the building panel comprises an abutment surface intended to abut against a bearing surface of the corresponding outer face of the structural element and / or of the chaining element to stop the insertion of the building board into the structural member and / or the corresponding chaining member. According to one possibility, the first connecting member and the second connecting member extend relative to each other in substantially perpendicular directions.
Cela contribue à la mise en équerre automatique de la structure porteuse lorsque le panneau de construction est emboîté sur celle-ci.  This contributes to the automatic squaring of the support structure when the construction panel is fitted on it.
Le ou les premiers organes de liaison s'étendent avantageusement parallèlement aux bords longitudinaux de la face intérieure.  The first or the first connecting members advantageously extend parallel to the longitudinal edges of the inner face.
Le ou les deuxièmes organes de liaison s'étendent avantageusement parallèlement aux bords transversaux de la face intérieure.  The second or the second connecting members advantageously extend parallel to the transverse edges of the inner face.
Le premier organe de liaison et/ou le deuxième organe de liaison peuvent s'étendre respectivement le long d'un bord de la face intérieure du panneau de construction. Autrement dit, le premier et/ou le deuxième organe de liaison peuvent s'étendre dans le prolongement de l'une des tranches du panneau de construction.  The first connecting member and / or the second connecting member may extend respectively along an edge of the inner face of the building panel. In other words, the first and / or the second connecting member may extend in the extension of one of the slices of the construction panel.
Le panneau de construction peut comprendre plusieurs premiers organes de liaison, agencés symétriquement par rapport à un plan P médian parallèle aux deux tranches longitudinales du panneau de construction, et plusieurs deuxièmes organes de liaison, agencés symétriquement par rapport à un plan P' médian parallèle aux deux tranches transversales du panneau de construction.  The building panel may comprise a plurality of first connecting members, arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane P parallel to the two longitudinal edges of the building panel, and a plurality of second connecting members, arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane P 'parallel to the two transverse slices of the building board.
Le panneau de construction peut comprendre un joint d'étanchéité périphérique.  The building board may include a peripheral seal.
Ainsi, le panneau de construction selon l'invention offre une étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau, devant la structure porteuse du bâtiment, ce qui réduit sensiblement les risques d'humidité ou de courants d'air indésirables dans le futur bâtiment.  Thus, the building panel according to the invention provides airtightness and water, in front of the load-bearing structure of the building, which substantially reduces the risk of moisture or unwanted air currents in the future building .
Ce joint d'étanchéité est destiné à réaliser l'étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau entre deux panneaux de construction adjacents.  This seal is intended to seal air and water between two adjacent building panels.
Le joint d'étanchéité peut être logé dans des rainures ménagées sur chacune des tranches du panneau de construction et agencées dans la continuité les unes des autres.  The seal may be housed in grooves on each of the slices of the building board and arranged in continuity with each other.
L'orifice de remplissage est par exemple ménagé sur une tranche, par exemple une tranche transversale, du panneau de construction.  The filling orifice is for example provided on a wafer, for example a transverse slice, of the construction panel.
L'organe de fixation du panneau de construction peut correspondre à une douille destinée à recevoir un organe de fixation comme une tige filetée. Cette douille peut correspondre à un insert mis en place lors d'une étape de mise en forme du panneau de construction selon l'invention. The fixing member of the building panel may correspond to a socket intended to receive a fixing member such as a threaded rod. This socket may correspond to an insert implemented during a shaping step of the building panel according to the invention.
Le panneau de construction peut être réalisé dans un matériau composite présentant notamment des propriétés d'imputrescibilité.  The building panel may be made of a composite material having in particular properties of imputrescibilité.
Le panneau de construction peut être mis en forme par moulage ou rotomoulage.  The building board can be shaped by molding or rotational molding.
Le matériau thermiquement isolant peut correspondre à de la perlite hydrogénée.  The thermally insulating material may correspond to hydrogenated perlite.
Le matériau thermiquement isolant peut être inséré dans le panneau de construction via l'orifice de remplissage et tassé, de préférence vibrotassé, par exemple selon un mouvement de translation alternée dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire aux tranches longitudinales du panneau de construction.  The thermally insulating material may be inserted into the building panel via the filling orifice and tamped, preferably vibrated, for example in an alternating translational movement in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal sections of the building board.
Le matériau thermiquement isolant est mis sous vide.  The thermally insulating material is evacuated.
Le panneau de construction peut correspondre à un module de sol destiné à supporter un revêtement.  The building board may be a floor module for supporting a floor.
Le panneau de construction peut correspondre à un module de mur, pouvant comprendre un parement extérieur fini, et pouvant éventuellement comprendre une ouverture, par exemple pour supporter un double ou un triple vitrage.  The building panel may correspond to a wall module, which may include a finished exterior facing, and may optionally include an opening, for example to support a double or triple glazing.
Le panneau de construction peut correspondre à un module de sol intermédiaire, entre deux niveaux d'un bâtiment, pouvant intégrer une isolation phonique.  The building panel can correspond to an intermediate floor module, between two levels of a building, which can integrate a sound insulation.
Le panneau de construction peut correspondre à un module de toiture pouvant un parement extérieur fini étanche.  The building panel can be a roof module that can be sealed to a finished exterior.
L'invention concerne également un bâtiment comprenant un panneau de construction ayant les caractéristiques précitées.  The invention also relates to a building comprising a building panel having the aforementioned characteristics.
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de fabrication d'un panneau de construction ayant les caractéristiques précitées, comprenant les étapes :  The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a building panel having the aforementioned features, comprising the steps of:
- de mise en forme d'une matière composite,  - shaping a composite material,
- d'insertion dans le panneau de construction formé à l'étape précédente d'un matériau thermiquement isolant, inserting in the building panel formed in the preceding step of a thermally insulating material,
- de tassage ou vibrotassage du matériau thermiquement isolant inséré dans le panneau de construction, - Packing or vibrotassage of the thermally insulating material inserted in the construction panel,
- de mise sous vide du matériau thermiquement isolant contenu dans le panneau de construction. Le procédé de fabrication du panneau de construction peut comprendre, au cours de l'étape de mise en forme d'une matière composite, une étape de mise en place d'un insert correspondant à l'organe de fixation. - Vacuuming the thermally insulating material contained in the building panel. The method of manufacturing the building panel may comprise, during the step of forming a composite material, a step of placing an insert corresponding to the fixing member.
Le procédé de fabrication du panneau de construction peut également comprendre une étape additionnelle de positionnement d'un joint d'étanchéité périphérique dans une ou plusieurs rainures du panneau de construction.  The method of manufacturing the building board may also include an additional step of positioning a peripheral seal in one or more grooves of the building board.
L'invention concerne également un système de construction, destiné à former la coque mécanique d'un bâtiment, comprenant :  The invention also relates to a construction system for forming the mechanical shell of a building, comprising:
- des panneaux de construction ayant les caractéristiques précitées,  - building panels having the above characteristics,
- des éléments de structure sensiblement longitudinaux, notamment des poteaux ou des solives, agencés parallèlement les uns par rapport aux autres, comprenant chacun une face extérieure de réception du premier organe de liaison de l'un au moins des panneaux de construction, et une face intérieure opposée à la face extérieure, espacée de celle-ci d'une distance prédéterminée destinée à la création d'un espace technique pour la mise en place d'au moins un réseau de distribution, substantially longitudinal structural elements, in particular posts or joists, arranged parallel to each other, each comprising an outer receiving surface of the first connecting member of at least one of the building panels, and one face interior opposite to the outer face, spaced therefrom by a predetermined distance for the creation of a technical space for the establishment of at least one distribution network,
- des éléments de chaînage sensiblement longitudinaux, agencés aux extrémités des éléments de structure en reliant plusieurs éléments de structure, comprenant chacun une face extérieure de réception du deuxième organe de liaison d'au moins l'un des panneaux de construction, - substantially longitudinal chaining elements arranged at the ends of the structural elements by connecting a plurality of structural elements, each comprising an outer receiving face of the second connecting member of at least one of the building panels,
dans lequel la face extérieure des éléments de structure et/ou la face extérieure des éléments de chaînage présente des moyens de blocage pour bloquer l'insertion des panneaux de construction dans une position prédéterminée dans laquelle les panneaux de construction forment ensemble une paroi d'isolation thermique déportée en avant de la structure porteuse du bâtiment formée par les éléments de structure et les éléments de chaînage, hors de l'espace technique délimité entre les faces extérieure et intérieure des éléments de structure.  wherein the outer face of the structural members and / or the outer face of the chaining elements has blocking means for blocking the insertion of the building boards into a predetermined position in which the building boards together form an insulation wall thermal deportation forward of the load-bearing structure of the building formed by the structural elements and the elements of chaining, out of the technical space delimited between the outer and inner faces of the structural elements.
Ainsi, les panneaux de construction forment ensemble un mur manteau assurant l'isolation thermique, sans pont thermique, puisque les panneaux de construction sont déportés dans un plan en avant des éléments de structure, et non entre ces éléments de structure. De plus, cet agencement libère l'espace entre les éléments de structure (cet espace étant traditionnellement occupé par des moyens d'isolation thermique) et permet la création d'un espace technique destiné à assurer le passage de réseaux de distribution entre les éléments de structure. Thus, the building panels together form a wall mantle providing thermal insulation, without thermal bridge, since the building panels are deported in a plane in front of the structural elements, and not between these structural elements. In addition, this arrangement frees the space between the structural elements (this space being traditionally occupied by thermal insulation means) and allows the creation of a technical space intended to ensure the passage of distribution networks between the elements of the structure. structure.
Les moyens de blocage peuvent comprendre une surface d'appui, ménagée sur la face extérieure des éléments de structure et/ou des éléments de chaînage et contre laquelle est destinée à venir en appui une surface de butée ménagée sur les panneaux de construction.  The locking means may comprise a bearing surface formed on the outer face of the structural elements and / or chaining elements and against which is intended to abut a stop surface formed on the building panels.
La face extérieure des éléments de structure et/ou des éléments de chaînage peut comprendre une rainure conformée pour recevoir respectivement au moins un premier organe de liaison ou un deuxième organe de liaison.  The outer face of the structural elements and / or the elements of chaining may comprise a groove shaped to receive respectively at least a first connecting member or a second connecting member.
La rainure ménagée sur la face extérieure des éléments de structure peut être conformée pour recevoir deux premiers organes de liaison appartenant chacun à un panneau de construction distinct.  The groove on the outer face of the structural members may be shaped to receive two first connecting members each belonging to a separate building panel.
Les rainures des éléments de structure et des éléments de chaînage forment ainsi un cadre de réception des premier et deuxième organes de liaison de chaque panneau de construction.  The grooves of the structural elements and the elements of chaining thus form a frame for receiving the first and second connecting members of each building panel.
La surface d'appui peut correspondre au fond de cette rainure, et/ou à la paroi supérieure de l'un des flancs de cette rainure.  The bearing surface may correspond to the bottom of this groove, and / or to the upper wall of one of the flanks of this groove.
La surface latérale de l'un des flancs de cette rainure peut correspondre à une surface de contre-appui destinée à recevoir la surface d'appui du premier organe de liaison ou du deuxième organe de liaison.  The lateral surface of one of the flanks of this groove may correspond to a counter-bearing surface intended to receive the bearing surface of the first connecting member or the second connecting member.
Selon une possibilité, chaque élément de structure comprend au moins un trou pour le passage d'un réseau de distribution entre les éléments de structure, dans l'espace technique délimité entre la face extérieure et la face intérieure des éléments de structure.  According to one possibility, each structural element comprises at least one hole for the passage of a distribution network between the structural elements, in the technical space delimited between the outer face and the inner face of the structural elements.
La face intérieure des éléments de structure peut être conformée pour recevoir un ou plusieurs panneaux d'habillage intérieur.  The inner face of the structural members may be shaped to receive one or more interior trim panels.
Le système de construction comprend notamment des moyens de fixation, par l'intérieur, de chaque panneau de construction contre les éléments de structure et/ou de chaînage.  The building system comprises in particular fixing means, from the inside, of each building panel against the structural elements and / or chaining.
Les moyens de fixation peuvent comprendre une platine de serrage destinée à venir en appui contre une face de contre-appui de l'élément de structure, opposée à la surface d'appui, et un organe de fixation destiné à coopérer simultanément avec la platine de serrage et avec l'un des organes de fixation pour fixer le panneau de construction contre l'élément de structure par serrage. The fastening means may comprise a clamping plate intended to abut against a counter-bearing surface of the structural element, opposite to the bearing surface, and a fixing member intended to cooperate simultaneously with the plate of tightening and with one of the organs of fastening for fixing the building board against the clamping structure element.
La face de contre-appui comprend éventuellement une rainure destinée à recevoir un retour de la platine de serrage.  The counter-support face optionally comprises a groove for receiving a return of the clamping plate.
L'organe de fixation peut correspondre à une tige filetée montée rotative par rapport à la platine de serrage et dont une extrémité est insérée dans une douille formée par l'organe de fixation du panneau de construction.  The fixing member may correspond to a threaded rod rotatably mounted relative to the clamping plate and one end of which is inserted into a socket formed by the fastening member of the construction board.
L'organe de fixation comprend une tête conformée pour recevoir un outil, par exemple une clé à choc, destiné à transmettre un couple à l'organe de fixation.  The fixing member comprises a head shaped to receive a tool, for example a shock wrench, for transmitting a torque to the fastener.
Le premier organe de liaison et/ou le deuxième organe de liaison peuvent présenter une surface d'appui latérale destinée à venir en appui contre une paroi de la rainure ménagée respectivement sur l'interface de réception de l'élément de structure et/ou sur l'interface de réception de l'élément de chaînage.  The first connecting member and / or the second connecting member may have a lateral bearing surface intended to bear against a wall of the groove formed respectively on the receiving interface of the structural element and / or on the receiving interface of the chaining element.
Les éléments de structure et/ou de chaînage peuvent être réalisés dans un matériau composite, par exemple par pultrusion de fibres de lin et de résine thermodurcissable.  The structural elements and / or chaining can be made of a composite material, for example by pultrusion of flax fibers and thermosetting resin.
Cela présente l'avantage d'une masse sensiblement réduite autorisant une manu-portabilité, avec une grande résistance mécanique et une absence de dilatation ou de reprise d'humidité.  This has the advantage of a substantially reduced mass allowing manu-portability, with high mechanical strength and no expansion or recovery of moisture.
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de construction d'un bâtiment comprenant les étapes :  The invention also relates to a method of constructing a building comprising the steps of:
a) de mise en place d'un premier groupe d'éléments de chaînage, b) de positionnement de solives sur le premier groupe d'éléments de chaînage,  a) setting up a first group of chaining elements, b) positioning joists on the first group of chaining elements,
c) de mise en place et de fixation de panneaux de construction ayant les caractéristiques précitées sur les solives, pour contreventer et former un plancher thermiquement isolant, d) de positionnement de poteaux sur le premier groupe d'éléments de chaînage,  c) placing and fixing construction panels having the aforementioned characteristics on the joists, for contravening and forming a thermally insulating floor, d) positioning poles on the first group of chaining elements,
e) de mise en place d'un deuxième groupe d'éléments de chaînage sur les poteaux,  e) setting up a second group of chaining elements on the columns,
f) de positionnement et de fixation de panneaux de construction ayant les caractéristiques précitées sur les poteaux, pour contreventer et former un ou plusieurs murs thermiquement isolants, f) positioning and fixing construction panels having the aforementioned characteristics on the posts, for counteract and form one or more thermally insulating walls,
g) de positionnement de solives de toiture sur le dernier groupe d'éléments de chaînage mis en place,  g) the positioning of roof joists on the last group of elements of chaining put in place,
h) de mise en place et de fixation de panneaux de construction ayant les caractéristiques précitées sur les solives de toiture, pour contreventer et former une toiture thermiquement isolante. h) placing and fixing construction panels having the above-mentioned characteristics on the roof joists, for contravening and forming a thermally insulating roof.
Le procédé comprend aussi, le cas échéant, après l'étape h, une étape de positionnement et de fixation de panneaux de construction avec un acrotère sur le dernier groupe d'éléments de chaînage mis en place. The method also comprises, where appropriate, after step h, a step of positioning and fixing building panels with a parapet on the last group of chaining elements set up.
Le procédé peut comprendre en outre comprendre au moins une réitération des étapes b à f , préalablement à la mise en œuvre des étapes g et h, pour la réalisation d'au moins un niveau supplémentaire.  The method may further comprise at least one reiteration of steps b to f, prior to the implementation of steps g and h, for performing at least one additional level.
Le procédé de construction peut aussi comprendre la mise en place d'au moins un réseau de distribution dans l'espace technique formé entre les solives et/ou les poteaux adjacents.  The method of construction may also include the installation of at least one distribution network in the technical space formed between the joists and / or adjacent posts.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront clairement de la description ci-après d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels : Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge clearly from the following description of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective et de devant d'un panneau de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,  FIG. 1 is a perspective and front view of a building panel according to one embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective et de derrière d'un panneau de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,  FIG. 2 is a perspective view from behind of a construction panel according to one embodiment of the invention,
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective de l'extérieur d'un bâtiment comprenant un panneau de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the exterior of a building comprising a building panel according to one embodiment of the invention,
- les figures 4 à 7 sont des vues de détails de la figure 4,  FIGS. 4 to 7 are detailed views of FIG. 4,
la figure 8 est une vue en perspective de l'intérieur d'un bâtiment comprenant un panneau de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,  FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the interior of a building comprising a building panel according to one embodiment of the invention,
- La figure 9 est une vue agrandie d'une partie de la figure 9, - les figures 10 et 1 1 sont des vues de haut et en perspective, avant et après montage d'un panneau de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of part of FIG. 9, FIGS. 10 and 11 are top and perspective views, before and after mounting of a building panel according to one embodiment of the invention,
- les figures 12 à 26 sont des vues en perspective illustrant plusieurs étapes de construction d'un bâtiment avec des panneaux de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.  - Figures 12 to 26 are perspective views illustrating several steps of building a building with building panels according to one embodiment of the invention.
Les figures 1 et 2 montrent un panneau 1 de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Figures 1 and 2 show a construction panel 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
Le panneau 1 de construction est destiné à former mur extérieur, sol, ou toiture d'un bâtiment 100, dont un exemple est visible sur la figure 26.  The construction panel 1 is intended to form exterior wall, floor, or roof of a building 100, an example of which is visible in FIG.
Le panneau 1 de construction peut correspondre à un module 101 de sol, éventuellement destiné à supporter un revêtement. Le panneau 1 de construction peut correspondre à un module 102 de mur, pouvant comprendre un parement extérieur fini, et pouvant éventuellement comprendre une ouverture, par exemple pour supporter un double ou un triple vitrage 103. Le panneau 1 de construction peut correspondre à un module 104 de sol intermédiaire, lorsque le bâtiment 100 comprend plusieurs niveaux, par exemple deux selon l'exemple de la figure 26, et peut le cas échéant intégrer une isolation phonique. Le panneau 1 de construction peut aussi correspondre à un module 106 de toiture pouvant comprendre un parement extérieur fini étanche.  The construction panel 1 may correspond to a floor module 101, possibly intended to support a coating. The panel 1 of construction may correspond to a wall module 102, which may comprise a finished exterior facing, and may optionally include an opening, for example to support a double or triple glazing 103. The construction panel 1 may correspond to a module 104 of intermediate floor, when the building 100 comprises several levels, for example two according to the example of Figure 26, and may if necessary integrate a sound insulation. The construction panel 1 may also correspond to a roof module 106 which may include a sealed exterior finish.
Comme cela est plus particulièrement visible sur les figures 1 et 2 le panneau 1 de construction comprend une face 2 extérieure, une face 4 intérieure, et quatre tranches 6, 6'.  As is more particularly visible in Figures 1 and 2 the construction panel 1 comprises an outer face 2, an inner face 4, and four slices 6, 6 '.
Le panneau 1 de construction forme un caisson sensiblement parallélépipédique, creux, contenant un matériau thermiquement isolant, comme de la perlite hydrogénée. Ce matériau isolant est mis sous vide au cours de la fabrication du panneau 1 de construction, pour augmenter l'isolation thermique du panneau 1 de construction. Le matériau isolant peut être introduit à l'intérieur du panneau 1 de construction et mis sous vide via un orifice 8 de remplissage, aménagé par exemple sur l'une des tranches 6, 6', par exemple une tranche 6' transversale supérieure, comme cela est illustré aux figures 10 et 1 1 . Le panneau 1 de construction comprend un premier organe 10 de liaison, en saillie sensiblement perpendiculaire par rapport à la face 4 intérieure. Comme cela est par exemple visible sur la figure 10, l'organe 10 de liaison est destiné à être inséré dans un logement 1 14 d'une face extérieure d'un élément 108 de structure, sensiblement longitudinal, d'une structure porteuse du bâtiment 100. L'élément 108 de structure peut notamment correspondre à un poteau 1 10, agencé sensiblement verticalement, ou une solive 1 12, agencée sensiblement horizontalement. The construction panel 1 forms a substantially parallelepipedic box, hollow, containing a thermally insulating material, such as hydrogenated perlite. This insulating material is evacuated during the manufacture of the construction panel 1, to increase the thermal insulation of the building panel 1. The insulating material may be introduced inside the construction panel 1 and placed under vacuum via a filling orifice 8, arranged for example on one of the slices 6, 6 ', for example an upper transverse slice 6', for example this is illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. The construction panel 1 comprises a first connecting member 10, projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face 4. As can be seen, for example, in FIG. 10, the connecting member 10 is intended to be inserted into a housing 11 of an outer face of a substantially longitudinal structure element 108 of a load-bearing structure of the building. 100. The element 108 of structure can in particular correspond to a pole 1 10, arranged substantially vertically, or a joists 1 12, arranged substantially horizontally.
Le panneau 1 de construction comprend aussi un deuxième organe 12 de liaison, en saillie sensiblement perpendiculaire par rapport à la face 4 intérieure, destiné à être inséré dans un logement 1 16 d'une face extérieure d'un élément 1 18 de chaînage de la structure porteuse.  The construction panel 1 also comprises a second connecting member 12, projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face 4, intended to be inserted into a housing 1 16 of an outer face of an element 1 18 chaining the supporting structure.
L'élément 1 18 de chaînage est destiné au chaînage d'une pluralité d'éléments 108 de structure. A cet effet, l'élément 1 18 de chaînage comprend des logements 120, destinés chacun à recevoir une extrémité d'un élément 108 de structure.  The element 1 18 of chaining is intended for the chaining of a plurality of elements 108 of structure. For this purpose, the element 1 18 chaining comprises housing 120, each intended to receive an end of a structural element 108.
Comme cela est représenté sur les différentes figures, le premier organe 10 de liaison et le deuxième organe 12 de liaison peuvent correspondre chacun à une nervure.  As shown in the various figures, the first connecting member 10 and the second connecting member 12 may each correspond to a rib.
Selon l'exemple de la figure 2, la nervure correspondant au premier organe 10 de liaison peut s'étendre sur la quasi-totalité de la longueur du panneau 1 de construction, tandis que la nervure correspondant au deuxième organe 12 de liaison peut s'étendre sur la totalité de la largeur du panneau 1 de construction. Les nervures correspondant respectivement au premier organe 10 de liaison et au deuxième 12 organe de liaison s'étendent ici l'une par rapport l'autre dans des directions sensiblement perpendiculaires, pour permettre la mise en équerre des éléments 108, 1 18 de structure et de chaînage.  According to the example of FIG. 2, the rib corresponding to the first connecting member 10 may extend over almost the entire length of the construction panel 1, while the rib corresponding to the second connecting member 12 may be extend over the entire width of the construction panel 1. The ribs respectively corresponding to the first connecting member 10 and the second connecting member 12 extend here relative to each other in substantially perpendicular directions, to allow the squares 108, 18 of structure and chaining.
Selon l'exemple présenté à la figure 2, le premier organe 10 de liaison s'étend parallèlement à un bord longitudinal, c'est-à-dire un bord correspondant à une longueur, de la face 4 intérieure. Le deuxième organe 12 de liaison s'étend quant à lui parallèlement à un bord transversal, c'est-à-dire un bord correspondant à une largeur, de la face 4 intérieure.  According to the example shown in Figure 2, the first connecting member 10 extends parallel to a longitudinal edge, that is to say an edge corresponding to a length, of the inner face 4. The second connecting member 12 extends meanwhile parallel to a transverse edge, that is to say an edge corresponding to a width, of the inner face 4.
Un ou plusieurs premiers organes 10 de liaison peuvent s'étendre plus particulièrement le long de l'un des bords longitudinaux de la face 4 intérieure, autrement dit dans le prolongement de l'une des tranches 6 longitudinales. Un ou plusieurs deuxièmes organes 12 de liaison peuvent plus particulièrement s'étendre le long d'un bord transversal de la face 4 intérieure, c'est-à-dire dans le prolongement de l'une des tranches 6' transversales. One or more first connecting members 10 may extend more particularly along one of the longitudinal edges of the inner face 4, in other words in the extension of one of the slices 6 longitudinal. One or more second connecting members 12 may more particularly extend along a transverse edge of the inner face 4, that is to say in the extension of one of the slices 6 'transverse.
Le panneau 1 de construction peut comprendre une surface 14 de butée, comme la face supérieure des nervures correspondant au premier organe 10 de liaison ou au deuxième organe 12 de liaison, destinée à venir en appui contre une surface 122 d'appui comme le fond du logement 1 14 ou du logement 1 16 correspondant, dans le but de stopper l'insertion du panneau 1 de construction dans l'élément 108 de structure et/ou l'élément 1 18 de chaînage correspondant.  The construction panel 1 may comprise a stop surface 14, such as the upper face of the ribs corresponding to the first connecting member 10 or the second connecting member 12, intended to bear against a bearing surface 122 such as the bottom of the housing 1 14 or corresponding housing 1 16, for the purpose of stopping the insertion of the construction panel 1 in the structure element 108 and / or the corresponding element 1 18 chaining.
Une face 16 latérale de ces nervures peut correspondre à une surface d'appui destinée à venir en appui contre une surface 124 du logement 1 14 ou du logement 1 16 correspondant, la surface 124 pouvant correspondre à une paroi latérale du logement 1 14 ou du logement 1 16, pour contraindre la mise en équerre de l'élément 108 de structure et de l'élément 1 18 de chaînage lorsque le panneau 1 de construction est inséré dans l'élément 108 de structure et l'élément 1 18 de chaînage.  A side face 16 of these ribs may correspond to a bearing surface intended to bear against a surface 124 of the housing 1 14 or the housing 1 16 corresponding, the surface 124 may correspond to a side wall of the housing 1 14 or the housing 1 16, to constrain the squaring of the structure element 108 and the element 1 18 chaining when the construction panel 1 is inserted into the structural element 108 and the element 1 18 chaining.
Le panneau 1 de construction peut aussi comprendre une surface 18 de support destinée à reposer contre une surface 126 de support correspondante de l'élément 1 18 de chaînage, pour supporter le poids du panneau 1 de construction lorsque celui-ci est mis en place contre les éléments 108, 1 18 de structure et de chaînage. Cette face 18 de support peut correspondre à une paroi d'extrémité de la ou des nervures formant le ou les premiers organes 10 de liaison, ou bien à une paroi inférieure d'un organe 20 de support, en saillie par rapport à la face 4 intérieure, et spécialement prévu à cet effet. On notera que la surface 18 de support est avantageusement perpendiculaire à la face 4 intérieure.  The construction panel 1 may also comprise a support surface 18 intended to rest against a corresponding support surface 126 of the chaining element 1 18, to support the weight of the construction panel 1 when it is put in place against the elements 108, 1 18 of structure and chaining. This support face 18 may correspond to an end wall of the rib or ribs forming the first connection member or 10, or to a lower wall of a support member 20, projecting from the face 4 interior, and specially provided for this purpose. Note that the support surface 18 is advantageously perpendicular to the inner face 4.
Le panneau 1 de construction peut comprendre notamment deux ou quatre premiers organes 10 de liaison, agencés symétriquement par rapport à un plan médian parallèle aux deux tranches 6 longitudinales du panneau 1 de construction, et deux deuxièmes organes 12 de liaison, agencés symétriquement par rapport à un plan médian parallèle aux deux tranches 6' transversales du panneau 1 de construction.  The panel 1 of construction may comprise in particular two or four first connecting members 10, arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane parallel to the two longitudinal slices 6 of the construction panel 1, and two second connecting members 12, arranged symmetrically with respect to a median plane parallel to the two 6 'transverse slices of the construction panel 1.
Le panneau 1 de construction comprend également un ou plusieurs organes 22 de fixation, agencés sur la face 4 intérieure, notamment à proximité du ou des premiers organes 10 de liaison, pour coopérer avec des moyens de fixation, décrits plus en détails ci-après, destinés à être rattachés à l'élément 108 de structure ou éventuellement à l'élément 1 18 de chaînage pendant ou après insertion des premier et deuxième organes 10, 12 de liaison dans les logements 1 14, 1 16 correspondants. The construction panel 1 also comprises one or more fasteners 22, arranged on the inner face 4, in particular near the first connection member or members 10, to cooperate with fixing, described in more detail below, intended to be attached to the structural element 108 or possibly to the element 1 18 chaining during or after insertion of the first and second members 10, 12 of connection in the housing 1 14 , 16 correspondents.
Les moyens de fixation comprennent par exemple une platine 128 de serrage destinée à venir en appui contre une face 130 de contre-appui de l'élément 108 de structure, opposée à la surface 122 d'appui, et un organe 136 de fixation destiné à coopérer simultanément avec la platine 128 de serrage et avec l'un des organes 22 de fixation pour fixer le panneau 1 de construction contre l'élément 108 de structure par serrage.  The fastening means comprise, for example, a clamping plate 128 intended to abut against a counter-support surface 130 of the structural element 108, opposite the bearing surface 122, and a fastening member 136 intended to simultaneously cooperate with the clamping plate 128 and with one of the fasteners 22 for fixing the construction panel 1 against the clamping structure element 108.
Selon l'exemple de réalisation des figures 2, 10 et 1 1 , les organes 22 de fixation correspondent à des douilles présentant un filetage intérieur, et les organes 136 de fixation correspondent à des tiges filetées destinées à être insérées dans les douilles formant les organes 22 de fixation. Les tiges filetées traversent également la platine 128 de serrage correspondante ; elles peuvent présenter une tête conformée pour coopérer avec un outil amovible, comme une clé à choc, destiné à transmettre un couple à la tige filetée pour la faire pivoter et réaliser le serrage.  According to the embodiment of Figures 2, 10 and 1 1, the fastening members 22 correspond to bushings having an internal thread, and the fastening members 136 correspond to threaded rods intended to be inserted into the sleeves forming the organs. 22 fixing. The threaded rods also pass through the corresponding clamping plate 128; they may have a shaped head to cooperate with a removable tool, such as an impact wrench, for transmitting torque to the threaded rod to rotate it and perform the clamping.
On notera que les douilles formant les organes 22 de fixation peuvent correspondre chacune à un insert mis en place préalablement à une étape de mise en forme, par exemple moulage ou rotomoulage, du panneau 1 de construction.  Note that the sleeves forming the fastening members 22 may each correspond to an insert placed prior to a shaping step, for example molding or rotational molding, of the panel 1 of construction.
Comme cela est visible sur les figures 10 et 1 1 , le panneau 1 de construction peut comprendre un joint d'étanchéité 24 périphérique. Le joint d'étanchéité 24 est destiné à réaliser l'étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau entre deux panneaux 1 de construction adjacents. Le joint d'étanchéité 24 peut être logé dans des rainures ménagées sur chacune des tranches 6 du panneau 1 de construction et agencées dans la continuité les unes des autres.  As can be seen in FIGS. 10 and 11, the construction panel 1 may comprise a peripheral seal 24. The seal 24 is intended to seal air and water between two adjacent panels 1 of construction. The seal 24 may be housed in grooves provided on each of the slices 6 of the construction panel 1 and arranged in continuity with each other.
Un procédé de fabrication du panneau 1 de construction est décrit ci-après.  A method of manufacturing the construction panel 1 is described below.
Ce procédé de fabrication comprend une étape de mise en forme, par exemple par moulage ou rotomoulage, du panneau 1 de construction. On notera que le panneau 1 de construction peut être réalisé dans une matière composite pouvant notamment présenter des propriétés d'imputrescibilité.  This manufacturing method comprises a shaping step, for example by molding or rotomolding, the panel 1 of construction. It will be noted that the construction panel 1 may be made of a composite material that may in particular have properties of imputrescibility.
Le procédé de fabrication du panneau 1 de construction comprend également une étape d'insertion dans le panneau 1 de construction, via l'orifice 8 de remplissage, d'un matériau thermiquement isolant, comme de la perlite hydrogénée. Le panneau 1 de construction peut être rempli partiellement ou en totalité avec le matériau thermiquement isolant. The manufacturing method of the construction panel 1 also comprises an insertion step in the construction panel 1, via the orifice 8 filling, a thermally insulating material, such as hydrogenated perlite. The building panel 1 may be partially or completely filled with the thermally insulating material.
Le procédé comprend aussi une étape de tassage ou vibrotassage, notamment latéral, c'est-à-dire selon un mouvement de translation alternée dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire aux tranches 6 longitudinales ou aux tranches 6' transversales, selon notamment l'emplacement de l'orifice 8 de remplissage, du matériau thermiquement isolant inséré dans le panneau 1 de construction.  The method also comprises a step of tamping or vibrotassage, in particular lateral, that is to say according to an alternating translational movement in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal slices 6 or 6 'transverse slices, depending in particular the location of the filling port 8, thermally insulating material inserted into the panel 1 of construction.
Le procédé de fabrication du panneau 1 de construction comprend également une étape de mise sous vide du matériau thermiquement isolant contenu dans le panneau 1 de construction.  The manufacturing method of the construction panel 1 also comprises a step of evacuating the thermally insulating material contained in the panel 1 of construction.
Le procédé de fabrication du panneau 1 de construction peut en outre comprendre, préalablement à l'étape de mise en forme d'une matière composite, une étape de mise en place d'un insert pour former l'organe 22 de fixation.  The manufacturing method of the construction panel 1 may further comprise, prior to the step of shaping a composite material, a step of placing an insert to form the fixing member 22.
Le procédé de fabrication du panneau 1 de construction peut également comprendre une étape additionnelle de positionnement d'un joint d'étanchéité 24 périphérique dans une ou plusieurs rainures du panneau 1 de construction.  The method of manufacturing the building panel 1 may also include an additional step of positioning a peripheral seal 24 in one or more grooves of the building panel 1.
L'invention concerne également un système de construction, destiné à former la coque mécanique du bâtiment 100. Ce système de construction comprend une pluralité de panneaux 1 de construction, des éléments 108 de structure sensiblement longitudinaux (poteaux 1 10 ou solives 1 12), et des éléments 1 18 de chaînage sensiblement longitudinaux, agencés aux extrémités des éléments 108 de structure et reliant plusieurs éléments 108 de structure adjacents, par exemple par insertion des extrémités des éléments 108 de structure dans les logements 120 des éléments 1 18 de chaînage.  The invention also relates to a construction system, intended to form the mechanical shell of the building 100. This construction system comprises a plurality of panels 1 of construction, elements 108 of substantially longitudinal structure (posts 1 10 or joists 1 12), and elements 1 18 of substantially longitudinal chain, arranged at the ends of the structural elements 108 and connecting several elements 108 of adjacent structure, for example by insertion of the ends of the structural elements 108 in the housing 120 of the elements 1 18 chaining.
Les éléments 108 de structure sont agencés parallèlement les uns par rapport aux autres, comme cela est visible sur les figures 13 ou 17. Chaque élément 108 de structure comprend une face extérieure présentant un logement 1 14, par exemple une rainure, destiné à recevoir un ou plusieurs premiers organes 10 de liaison, par exemple deux premiers organes 10 de liaison appartenant chacun à un panneau 1 de construction distinct de sorte que deux panneaux 1 de construction distincts sont fixés à un même élément 108 de structure, et une face 134 intérieure opposée à la face extérieure, espacée de celle-ci d'une distance prédéterminée destinée à la création d'un espace technique pour la mise en place d'un réseau de distribution. The elements 108 of structure are arranged parallel to each other, as can be seen in FIGS. 13 or 17. Each structural element 108 comprises an outer face having a housing 14, for example a groove, intended to receive a or first several connecting members, for example two first connecting members 10 each belonging to a panel 1 of distinct construction so that two panels 1 of separate construction are attached to the same element 108 of structure, and an opposite inner face 134 on the outside, spaced therefrom by a predetermined distance for the creation of a technical space for the establishment of a distribution network.
Les éléments 1 18 de chaînage comprennent une face extérieure avec un logement 1 16, comme une rainure, destiné à recevoir un deuxième organe 12 de liaison.  The elements 1 18 chaining comprise an outer face with a housing 1 16, such as a groove for receiving a second member 12 connecting.
La face extérieure des éléments 108 de structure et/ou la face extérieure des éléments 1 18 de chaînage peut présenter une surface 122 d'appui, comme le fond des logements 1 14, 1 16 ou une paroi supérieure de l'un des flancs des logements 1 14, 1 16, pour bloquer l'insertion des panneaux 1 de construction dans une position prédéterminée dans laquelle les panneaux 1 de construction forment ensemble une paroi d'isolation thermique déportée en avant de la structure porteuse formée par les éléments 108 de structure et les éléments 1 18 de chaînage, hors de l'espace technique délimité entre les faces extérieure et intérieure des éléments 108 de structure.  The outer face of the elements 108 of structure and / or the outer face of the elements 1 18 chaining may have a bearing surface 122, such as the bottom of the housing 1 14, 1 16 or an upper wall of one of the flanks housings 1 14, 1 16, to block the insertion of the panels 1 of construction in a predetermined position in which the panels 1 of construction together form a thermal insulation wall offset in front of the carrier structure formed by the structural elements 108 and the elements 1 18 chaining, out of the technical space delimited between the outer and inner faces of the structural elements 108.
Une fois les éléments 108 de structure et les éléments 1 18 de chaînage assemblés entre eux, leurs logements respectifs 1 14, 1 16 forment un cadre de réception des premier et deuxième organes 10, 12 de liaison de chaque panneau 1 de construction.  Once the elements 108 of structure and the elements 1 18 of chaining assembled together, their respective housing 1 14, 1 16 form a receiving frame of the first and second members 10, 12 connecting each panel 1 construction.
Une surface latérale des logements 1 14, 1 16 peut correspondre à une surface 124 de contre-appui destinée à recevoir la surface 16 d'appui de l'un des premiers organes 10 de liaison ou de l'un des deuxièmes organes 12 de liaison.  A lateral surface of the housing 1 14, 1 16 may correspond to a counter-support surface 124 intended to receive the bearing surface 16 of one of the first connecting members 10 or one of the second connecting members 12 .
Comme cela est illustré sur les figures, les éléments 108 de structure peuvent comprendre au moins un trou 132 pour le passage d'un réseau de distribution entre les éléments 108 de structure, dans l'espace technique délimité entre la face extérieure et la face intérieure des éléments 108 de structure.  As illustrated in the figures, the structural elements 108 may comprise at least one hole 132 for the passage of a distribution network between the structural elements 108, in the technical space delimited between the outer face and the inner face. elements 108 of structure.
On notera que la face 134 intérieure des éléments 108 de structure peut être conformée pour recevoir un ou plusieurs panneaux d'habillage intérieur (non représentés).  It will be appreciated that the inner face 134 of the structural members 108 may be shaped to receive one or more interior trim panels (not shown).
Le système de construction comprend également des moyens de fixation, par l'intérieur, des panneaux 1 de construction contre la face extérieure des éléments 108 de structure, les moyens de fixation comprenant par exemple, comme précédemment décrit, la platine 128 de serrage agencée contre la face 130 de contre-appui de l'un des éléments 108 de structure, opposée à la surface 122 d'appui, et un organe 136 de fixation coopérant simultanément avec la platine 128 de serrage et un organe 22 de fixation de l'un des panneaux 1 de construction pour fixer ce panneau 1 de construction sur l'élément 108 de structure par serrage. The construction system also comprises means for fastening, from the inside, the building panels 1 against the outer face of the structural elements 108, the fixing means comprising, for example, as previously described, the clamping plate 128 arranged against the counter-support face 130 of one of the elements 108 of structure, opposite the support surface 122, and a cooperating fastening member 136 simultaneously with the clamping plate 128 and a member 22 for fixing one of the panels 1 of construction for fixing the construction panel 1 on the element 108 of clamping structure.
On notera que la face 130 de contre-appui comprend éventuellement une rainure 138 destinée à recevoir un retour 140 de la platine 128 de serrage.  It will be noted that the counter-support face 130 optionally comprises a groove 138 intended to receive a return 140 of the clamping plate 128.
Comme précédemment décrit, l'organe 136 de fixation peut correspondre à une tige filetée montée rotative par rapport à la platine 128 de serrage et dont une extrémité est insérée dans une douille formant l'organe 22 de fixation correspondant du panneau 1 de construction. L'organe 136 de fixation peut notamment comprendre une tête conformée pour recevoir un outil amovible, par exemple une clé à choc, destiné à transmettre un couple à l'organe 136 de fixation.  As previously described, the fixing member 136 may correspond to a threaded rod rotatably mounted relative to the clamping plate 128 and one end of which is inserted into a socket forming the corresponding fastening member 22 of the construction panel 1. The fixing member 136 may in particular comprise a head shaped to receive a removable tool, for example a shock wrench, for transmitting a torque to the fastener member 136.
Les éléments 1 18 de chaînage peuvent comprendre la surface 126 de support destinée à recevoir la face 18 de support ménagée sur les panneaux 1 de construction, de manière à supporter ces derniers une fois mis en place contre la structure porteuse du bâtiment 100.  The elements 1 18 of chaining may comprise the support surface 126 intended to receive the support face 18 provided on the panels 1 of construction, so as to support the latter once in place against the supporting structure of the building 100.
Les éléments 108 de structure et/ou les éléments 1 18 de chaînage peuvent être réalisés dans un matériau composite, par exemple par pultrusion de fibres de lin et de résine thermodurcissable. Cela présente l'avantage d'une masse sensiblement réduite autorisant une manu-portabilité, avec une grande résistance mécanique et une absence de dilatation ou de reprise d'humidité.  The structure elements 108 and / or the elements 1 18 of chaining may be made of a composite material, for example by pultrusion of flax fibers and thermosetting resin. This has the advantage of a substantially reduced mass allowing manu-portability, with high mechanical strength and no expansion or recovery of moisture.
Le système de construction peut en outre comprendre des modules de construction accessoires, comme un module 142 de construction formant jupe inférieure du bâtiment 100, visible sur les figures 3, 5 et 7, ou un module 144 de construction formant un acrotère, visible sur les 3, 4 et 6. Ces modules 142, 144 comprennent un deuxième organe 12 de liaison destiné à être inséré dans un logement 1 16 d'un élément 1 18 de chaînage respectivement le plus bas ou le plus haut du bâtiment 100. Le module 144 destiné à former acrotère peut de plus comprendre un organe 20 de support en saillie, destiné à prendre appui sur la surface 126 de support de l'élément 1 18 de chaînage auquel il est destiné à être rattaché. Les modules 142, 144 peuvent aussi comprendre un joint d'étanchéité 24.  The building system may further comprise accessory building modules, such as a building module 142 forming a lower skirt of the building 100, visible in FIGS. 3, 5 and 7, or a building module 144 forming a parapet, visible on the 3, 4 and 6. These modules 142, 144 comprise a second connecting member 12 intended to be inserted in a housing 1 16 of an element 1 18 chaining respectively the lowest or the highest of the building 100. The module 144 In order to form an acroterium, it may furthermore comprise a protruding support member 20 intended to bear on the support surface 126 of the chaining element 1 18 to which it is intended to be attached. The modules 142, 144 may also comprise a seal 24.
L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de construction d'un bâtiment 100, dont des étapes sont illustrées sur les figures 12 à 26. Ce procédé de construction comprend une étape (figure 12) de mise en place d'un premier groupe d'éléments 1 18 de chaînage. The invention also relates to a method of constructing a building 100, steps of which are illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 26. This construction method comprises a step (FIG. 12) of putting in place a first group of elements 1 18 of chaining.
Il comprend une étape (figure 13) de solivage, correspondant au positionnement de solives 1 12 sur le premier groupe d'éléments 1 18 de chaînage, les solives 1 12 correspondant à des éléments 108 de structure.  It comprises a step (Figure 13) of the joist, corresponding to the positioning of joists January 12 on the first group of elements 1 18 chaining, the joists 1 12 corresponding to elements 108 of structure.
Le procédé de construction comprend une étape (figure 14) de mise en place et de fixation de panneaux 1 de construction sur les solives 1 12, pour contreventer et former un plancher thermiquement isolant, par insertion des premiers et deuxièmes organes 10, 12 de liaison dans les logements 1 14, 1 16 correspondants, selon un mouvement d'insertion perpendiculaire aux faces 2, 4 des panneaux 1 de construction. Ces panneaux 1 de construction forment des modules 101 de sol.  The construction method comprises a step (FIG. 14) of placing and fixing panels 1 of construction on the joists 1 12, to counteract and form a thermally insulating floor, by insertion of the first and second connecting members 10, 12 in the housings 1 14, 1 16 corresponding, in an insertion movement perpendicular to the faces 2, 4 of the panels 1 of construction. These construction panels 1 form modules 101 of soil.
Le procédé comprend éventuellement une étape (figure 15) de mise en place et de fixation de modules 142 formant jupe inférieure, par insertion de leur deuxième organe 12 de liaison dans les logements 1 16 des éléments 1 18 de chaînage préalablement mis en place.  The method optionally comprises a step (FIG. 15) of placing and fixing modules 142 forming a lower skirt, by inserting their second connecting member 12 into the housings 1 16 of the elements 1 18 of chaining previously put in place.
Le procédé comprend une étape (figure 16) de positionnement de poteaux 1 10, correspondant à des éléments 108 de structure, sur le premier groupe d'éléments 1 18 de chaînage, par insertion de l'une de leurs extrémités dans l'un des logements 120.  The method comprises a step (FIG. 16) for positioning posts 1 10, corresponding to elements 108 of structure, on the first group of elements 1 18 of chaining, by inserting one of their ends into one of the housing 120.
Le procédé de construction du bâtiment 100 comprend une étape (figure 17) de mise en place d'un deuxième groupe 1 18 d'éléments de chaînage sur les poteaux 1 10.  The construction method of the building 100 comprises a step (FIG. 17) of placing a second group 1 18 of chaining elements on the posts 1 10.
Le procédé comprend une étape (figure 18) de positionnement et de fixation de panneaux 1 de construction, formant des modules 102 de mur, sur les poteaux 1 10, par insertion des premiers et deuxièmes organes 10, 12 de liaison dans le cadre formé par les logements 1 14, 1 16 correspondants, selon un mouvement d'insertion perpendiculaire aux faces 2, 4 des panneaux 1 de construction, pour contreventer et former un mur extérieur thermiquement isolant.  The method comprises a step (FIG. 18) for positioning and fixing construction panels 1, forming wall modules 102, on the posts 1 10, by inserting the first and second connecting members 10, 12 into the frame formed by the housings 1 14, 1 16 corresponding, in an insertion movement perpendicular to the faces 2, 4 of the panels 1 of construction, for contravening and form a thermally insulating outer wall.
Si le bâtiment 100 comprend plusieurs niveaux, par exemple deux niveaux selon l'exemple illustré aux figures 12 à 26, le procédé de construction comprend la réitération de certaines des étapes précédentes, autant de fois qu'il y a de niveaux en sus du premier niveau (rez-de-chaussée). Cette réitération comprend notamment une étape (figure 19) de solivage, une étape (figure 20) de mise en place et de fixation de panneaux 1 de construction formant non plus des modules 101 de sol mais des modules 104 de sol intermédiaire, sur les solives 1 12, une étape (figure 21 ) de positionnement de poteaux 1 10, correspondant à des éléments 108 de structure, sur le groupe d'éléments 1 18 de chaînage dernièrement mis en place, par insertion de l'une de leurs extrémités dans l'un des logements 120, une étape (figure 22) de mise en place d'un groupe 1 18 d'éléments de chaînage supplémentaire sur les poteaux 1 10 dernièrement mis en place, et une étape (figure 23) de positionnement et de fixation de panneaux 1 de construction, formant des modules 102 de mur, sur les poteaux 1 10, par insertion des premiers et deuxièmes organes 10, 12 de liaison dans le cadre formé par les logements 1 14, 1 16 correspondants, selon un mouvement d'insertion perpendiculaire aux faces 2, 4 des panneaux 1 de construction, pour contreventer et former un mur extérieur thermiquement isolant. If the building 100 comprises several levels, for example two levels according to the example illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 26, the construction method comprises the repetition of some of the preceding steps, as many times as there are levels in addition to the first one. level (ground floor). This reiteration comprises in particular a step (FIG. 19) of joisting, a step (FIG. 20) of placing and fixing construction panels 1 forming either modules 101 of soil but modules 104 of intermediate soil, on joists 1 12, a step (Figure 21) of positioning of columns 1 10, corresponding to elements 108 of structure, on the group of elements 1 18 chaining recently introduced, by inserting one of their ends in one of the housing 120, a step (Figure 22) of establishment of a group 1 18 of additional chaining elements on the poles 1 10 recently implemented, and a step (Figure 23) of positioning and fixing panels 1 of construction, forming modules 102 of wall, on the posts 1 10, by insertion of the first and second members 10, 12 of connection in the frame formed by the housings 1 14, 1 16 corresponding, in an insertion movement perpendicular to the faces 2, 4 of the panels 1 of construction, for contravening and form a thermally insulating outer wall.
Une fois le dernier niveau du bâtiment 100 complété, le procédé de construction comprend une étape (figure 24) de positionnement de solives 1 12 de toiture sur le dernier groupe d'éléments 1 18 de chaînage mis en place.  Once the last level of the building 100 completed, the construction method comprises a step (Figure 24) of positioning joists 1 12 roofing on the last group of elements 1 18 chaining set up.
Le procédé comprend ensuite une étape (figure 25) de mise en place et de fixation de panneaux 1 de construction formant modules 106 de toiture sur les solives 1 12 de toiture, pour contreventer et former une toiture thermiquement isolante, par insertion des premiers et deuxièmes organes 10, 12 de liaison dans le cadre formé par les logements 1 14, 1 16 correspondants, selon un mouvement d'insertion perpendiculaire aux faces 2, 4 des panneaux 1 de construction.  The method then comprises a step (FIG. 25) of placing and fixing structural panels 1 forming roof modules 106 on the roof joists 1 12, for contravening and forming a thermally insulating roof, by inserting the first and second connecting members 10, 12 in the frame formed by the housings 1 14, 1 16 corresponding, in an insertion movement perpendicular to the faces 2, 4 of the panels 1 of construction.
Le procédé peut enfin comprendre une étape (figure 26) de positionnement et de fixation de modules 144 formant acrotère sur le dernier groupe d'éléments 1 18 de chaînage mis en place.  The method may finally comprise a step (FIG. 26) of positioning and fixing modules 144 forming a paratrooper on the last group of elements 1 18 of chaining set up.
Le procédé de construction peut aussi comprendre la mise en place d'au moins un réseau de distribution dans les trous 132 des éléments 108 de structure, c'est-à-dire des poteaux 1 10 ou des solives 1 12.  The method of construction may also include placing at least one distribution network in the holes 132 of the structural elements 108, that is to say the posts 1 10 or joists 1 12.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée au mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, ce mode de réalisation n'ayant été donné qu'à titre d'exemple. Des modifications sont possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par la substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.  Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, this embodiment having been given as an example. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by the substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Panneau (1 ) de construction, destiné à former mur extérieur, sol ou toiture d'un bâtiment (100), caractérisé en ce que le panneau (1 ) de construction comprend une face (2) extérieure, une face (4) intérieure, et quatre tranches (6, 6') joignant chacune l'un des bords de la face (2) extérieure à l'un des bords de la face (4) intérieure, formant un caisson sensiblement parallélépipédique, creux, contenant un matériau thermiquement isolant, mis sous vide, via un orifice (8) de remplissage, le panneau (1 ) de construction comprenant également un premier organe (10) de liaison, en saillie sensiblement perpendiculaire par rapport à la face (4) intérieure, destiné à être inséré dans un logement (1 14) d'une face extérieure d'un élément (108) de structure sensiblement longitudinal d'une structure porteuse du bâtiment (100), notamment un poteau ou une solive, et un deuxième organe (12) de liaison, en saillie sensiblement perpendiculaire par rapport à la face (4) intérieure, destiné à être inséré dans un logement (1 16) d'une face extérieure d'un élément (1 18) de chaînage de la structure porteuse et relié audit élément (108) de structure longitudinal, les premier et deuxième organes (10, 12) de liaison étant agencés l'un par rapport à l'autre pour contraindre une mise en équerre automatique de l'élément (108) de structure et de l'élément (1 18) de chaînage du fait de l'insertion des premier et deuxième organes (10, 12) de liaison dans les logements (1 14, 1 16) des faces extérieures correspondantes, les premier et deuxième organes (10, 12) de liaison étant conformés pour que cette insertion ait lieu selon un mouvement d'insertion sensiblement perpendiculaire aux faces (2, 4) extérieure et intérieure du panneau (1 ) de construction, le panneau (1 ) de construction comprenant également un organe (22) de fixation, agencé du côté de la face (4) intérieure pour coopérer avec des moyens de fixation rattachés à l'élément (108, 1 18) de structure ou de chaînage, pendant ou après insertion des premier et deuxième organes (10, 12) de liaison dans les logements (1 14, 1 16) des faces extérieures correspondantes. 1. Panel (1) for building, intended to form exterior wall, floor or roof of a building (100), characterized in that the panel (1) of construction comprises an outer face (2), an inner face (4), and four slices (6, 6 ') each joining one of the edges of the outer face (2) to one of the edges of the inner face (4), forming a substantially parallelepipedic, hollow box containing a thermally insulating material , evacuated via a filling orifice (8), the construction panel (1) also comprising a first connecting member (10), projecting substantially perpendicular to the inner face (4), intended to be inserted in a housing (1 14) of an outer face of an element (108) of substantially longitudinal structure of a supporting structure of the building (100), in particular a post or a joist, and a second connecting member (12) protruding substantially perpendicular to the face (4) i lower, intended to be inserted into a housing (1 16) of an outer face of a member (1 18) chaining the carrier structure and connected to said element (108) of longitudinal structure, the first and second members (10); , 12) being arranged relative to one another to constrain an automatic setting of the structural element (108) and the chaining element (1 18) by virtue of the insertion of the first and second connecting members (10, 12) in the housings (1 14, 1 16) of the corresponding outer faces, the first and second connecting members (10, 12) being shaped so that this insertion takes place in a movement of insertion substantially perpendicular to the outer and inner faces (2, 4) of the construction panel (1), the building panel (1) also comprising a fixing member (22) arranged on the side of the inner face (4) for cooperate with fastening means attached to the element (108, 1 18) of structure or chaining, during or after insertion of the first and second members (10, 12) of connection in the housings (1 14, 1 16) of the corresponding outer faces.
2. Panneau (1 ) de construction selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le premier organe (10) de liaison et/ou le deuxième organe (12) de liaison correspondent chacun à une nervure s'étendant de façon sensiblement parallèle, respectivement par rapport à un bord longitudinal ou un bord transversal de la face (4) intérieure. 2. Construction panel (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first connecting member (10) and / or the second connecting member (12) each correspond to a rib extending substantially parallel, respectively with respect to a longitudinal edge or a transverse edge of the inner face (4).
3. Panneau (1 ) de construction selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'une des faces (16) latérales de la ou des nervures formant le premier organe (10) de liaison et/ou le deuxième organe (12) de liaison correspond à une surface d'appui destinée à venir en appui contre une surface (124) de la face extérieure correspondante de l'élément (108) de structure et/ou de l'élément (1 18) de chaînage pour contraindre la mise en équerre de l'élément (108) de structure et de l'élément (1 18) de chaînage lorsque le panneau (1 ) de construction est positionné contre l'élément (108) de structure et l'élément (1 18) de chaînage. 3. Panel (1) of construction according to claim 2, characterized in that one of the faces (16) of the side or ribs forming the first member (10) of connection and / or the second member (12) of connection corresponds to a bearing surface intended to abut against a surface (124) of the corresponding outer face of the element (108) of structure and / or the element (1 18) of chaining to constrain the setting at right angles to the structural element (108) and the chaining element (1 18) when the construction panel (1) is positioned against the structural element (108) and the element (1 18) of chaining.
4. Panneau (1 ) de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à4. Panel (1) of construction according to one of claims 1 to
3, caractérisé en ce que le panneau (1 ) de construction comprend une surface (14) de butée destinée à venir en appui contre une surface (122) d'appui de la face extérieure correspondante de l'élément (108) de structure et/ou de l'élément (1 18) de chaînage pour stopper l'insertion du panneau de construction dans l'élément (108) de structure et/ou l'élément (1 18) de chaînage correspondant. 3, characterized in that the panel (1) of construction comprises an abutment surface (14) intended to abut against a bearing surface (122) of the corresponding outer face of the element (108) of structure and or the chaining element (1 18) for stopping the insertion of the building board into the structural element (108) and / or the corresponding chaining element (1 18).
5. Panneau (1 ) de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à5. Panel (1) of construction according to one of claims 1 to
4, caractérisé en ce que le premier organe (10) de liaison et le deuxième organe (12) de liaison s'étendent l'un par rapport l'autre dans des directions sensiblement perpendiculaires. 4, characterized in that the first connecting member (10) and the second connecting member (12) extend relative to each other in substantially perpendicular directions.
6. Bâtiment (100) comprenant un panneau (1 ) de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5. 6. Building (100) comprising a panel (1) of construction according to one of claims 1 to 5.
7. Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau (1 ) de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant les étapes : 7. A method of manufacturing a panel (1) of construction according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps:
- de mise en forme d'une matière composite,  - shaping a composite material,
- d'insertion dans le panneau (1 ) de construction formé à l'étape précédente d'un matériau thermiquement isolant, inserting in the panel (1) of construction formed in the preceding step of a thermally insulating material,
- de tassage ou vibrotassage du matériau thermiquement isolant inséré dans le panneau (1 ) de construction, - de mise sous vide du matériau thermiquement isolant contenu dans le panneau (1 ) de construction. - Packing or vibrating the thermally insulating material inserted in the panel (1) of construction, - Vacuuming the thermally insulating material contained in the panel (1) of construction.
8. Système de construction, destiné à former la coque mécanique d'un bâtiment (100), comprenant : 8. A building system for forming the mechanical shell of a building (100), comprising:
- des panneaux (1 ) de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,  panels (1) of construction according to one of claims 1 to 5,
- des éléments (108) de structure sensiblement longitudinaux, notamment des poteaux (1 10) ou des solives (1 12), agencés parallèlement les uns par rapport aux autres, comprenant chacun une face extérieure de réception du premier organe (10) de liaison de l'un au moins des panneaux (1 ) de construction, et une face intérieure opposée à la face extérieure, espacée de celle-ci d'une distance prédéterminée destinée à la création d'un espace technique pour la mise en place d'au moins un réseau de distribution,  elements (108) of substantially longitudinal structure, in particular posts (1 10) or joists (1 12), arranged parallel to each other, each comprising an outer receiving surface of the first connecting member (10) at least one of the panels (1) of construction, and an inner face opposite to the outer face, spaced therefrom by a predetermined distance for the creation of a technical space for the establishment of at least one distribution network,
- des éléments (1 18) de chaînage sensiblement longitudinaux, agencés aux extrémités des éléments (108) de structure en reliant plusieurs éléments (108) de structure, comprenant chacun une face extérieure de réception du deuxième organe (12) de liaison d'au moins l'un des panneaux (1 ) de construction,  - elements (1 18) of substantially longitudinal chain, arranged at the ends of the elements (108) of structure by connecting a plurality of elements (108) of structure, each comprising an outer receiving face of the second member (12) connecting the least one of the building panels (1),
dans lequel la face extérieure des éléments (108) de structure et/ou la face extérieure des éléments (1 18) de chaînage présente des moyens de blocage pour bloquer l'insertion des panneaux (1 ) de construction dans une position prédéterminée dans laquelle les panneaux (1 ) de construction forment ensemble une paroi d'isolation thermique déportée en avant de la structure porteuse du bâtiment (100) formée par les éléments (108) de structure et les éléments (1 18) de chaînage, hors de l'espace technique délimité entre les faces extérieure et intérieure des éléments (108) de structure.  wherein the outer face of the structural members (108) and / or the outer face of the chaining elements (1 18) has locking means for blocking the insertion of the building panels (1) into a predetermined position in which the panels (1) of construction together form a heat insulating wall offset in front of the load-bearing structure of the building (100) formed by the structural elements (108) and the chaining elements (1 18), out of the space defined between the outer and inner faces of the structural elements (108).
9. Système de construction selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément (108) de structure comprend au moins un trou (132) pour le passage d'un réseau de distribution entre les éléments (108) de structure, dans l'espace technique délimité entre la face extérieure et la face intérieure des éléments (108) de structure. 9. Construction system according to claim 8, characterized in that each element (108) of structure comprises at least one hole (132) for the passage of a distribution network between the elements (108) of structure, in the defined technical space between the outer face and the inner face of the structural elements (108).
10. Procédé de construction d'un bâtiment (100) comprenant les étapes : 10. A method of constructing a building (100) comprising the steps of:
a) de mise en place d'un premier groupe d'éléments (1 18) de chaînage, a) setting up a first group of chaining elements (1 18),
b) de positionnement de solives (1 12) sur le premier groupe d'éléments (1 18) de chaînage, b) positioning joists (1 12) on the first group of chaining elements (1 18),
c) de mise en place et de fixation de panneaux (1 ) de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 sur les solives (1 12), pour contreventer et former un plancher thermiquement isolant, d) de positionnement de poteaux (1 10) sur le premier groupe d'éléments (1 18) de chaînage, c) placing and fixing panels (1) of construction according to one of claims 1 to 5 on the joists (1 12), for contravening and forming a thermally insulating floor, d) positioning poles (1). 10) on the first group of chaining elements (1 18),
e) de mise en place d'un deuxième groupe d'éléments (1 18) de chaînage sur les poteaux (1 10), e) setting up a second group of elements (1 18) for chaining on the poles (1 10),
f) de positionnement et de fixation de panneaux (1 ) de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 sur les poteaux (1 10), pour contreventer et former un ou plusieurs murs thermiquement isolants, f) positioning and fastening panels (1) of construction according to one of claims 1 to 5 on the poles (1 10), for contravening and forming one or more thermally insulating walls,
g) de positionnement de solives (1 12) de toiture sur le dernier groupe d'éléments (1 18) de chaînage mis en place, g) positioning joists (1 12) roofing on the last group of elements (1 18) chaining set up,
h) de mise en place et de fixation de panneaux (1 ) de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 sur les solives (1 12) de toiture, pour contreventer et former une toiture thermiquement isolante. h) installation and fixing panels (1) of construction according to one of claims 1 to 5 on the roof joists (1 12), to counteract and form a thermally insulating roof.
PCT/FR2013/052618 2012-11-06 2013-10-31 Building module with high performance insulation and dismantlable dry assembly method WO2014072621A1 (en)

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EP13803098.6A EP2917429B1 (en) 2012-11-06 2013-10-31 Building module with high performance insulation and dismantlable dry assembly method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR12/60540 2012-11-06
FR1260540A FR2997711B1 (en) 2012-11-06 2012-11-06 CONSTRUCTION PANEL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM COMPRISING THE BUILDING PANEL, AND METHOD OF BUILDING THE BUILDING

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WO2014072621A1 true WO2014072621A1 (en) 2014-05-15

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3108132B1 (en) 2020-03-12 2022-02-11 Neoco MODULE FOR CLADDING WALL, CASSETTE FOR THIS MODULE, CLADDING WALL AND ITS ASSEMBLY METHOD

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1268353B (en) * 1960-09-16 1968-05-16 Liskey Aluminum Main and secondary beams for raised floors
GB2234991A (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-02-20 Stephenson Airey Trevor Demountable flooring, platforms and staging
US20030089049A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-05-15 Maxcess Technologies, Inc. Resilient pedestal head for a raised access floor system
DE102010051003A1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-10 Arsratio Holding Gmbh Double floor construction

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1268353B (en) * 1960-09-16 1968-05-16 Liskey Aluminum Main and secondary beams for raised floors
GB2234991A (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-02-20 Stephenson Airey Trevor Demountable flooring, platforms and staging
US20030089049A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-05-15 Maxcess Technologies, Inc. Resilient pedestal head for a raised access floor system
DE102010051003A1 (en) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-10 Arsratio Holding Gmbh Double floor construction

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FR2997711B1 (en) 2015-03-06
EP2917429B1 (en) 2016-08-31
FR2997711A1 (en) 2014-05-09
EP2917429A1 (en) 2015-09-16

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