WO2014072580A1 - Bioraffinerie durable - Google Patents

Bioraffinerie durable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014072580A1
WO2014072580A1 PCT/FI2013/051051 FI2013051051W WO2014072580A1 WO 2014072580 A1 WO2014072580 A1 WO 2014072580A1 FI 2013051051 W FI2013051051 W FI 2013051051W WO 2014072580 A1 WO2014072580 A1 WO 2014072580A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lactobacillus
lactic acid
biomass
biorefinery
evaporable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2013/051051
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vesa Joutsjoki
Yrjö VIRTANEN
Minna KAHALA
Original Assignee
Maa- Ja Elintarviketalouden Tutkimuskeskus
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maa- Ja Elintarviketalouden Tutkimuskeskus filed Critical Maa- Ja Elintarviketalouden Tutkimuskeskus
Publication of WO2014072580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014072580A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/065—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage with microorganisms other than yeasts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/56—Lactic acid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sustainable biorefinery concept and method for cost-efficient utilization industrial by-products and conversion into valuable end products.
  • antibiotics have been used as additives in feed to improve the health and well-being of animals and to promote the growth, especially in piglet and poultry industries.
  • the use of most antibiotics as growth-promoters has been banned in the EU. Therefore, today antibiotics are only used to prevent and treat microbial infections.
  • Antibiotics may be administered either individually as injections or as group medications mixed in feed or drink. Medicating individuals is laborious whereas group medications are easier and more efficient to perform.
  • a general problem associated with extensive use of antibiotics is the generation of resistant microbial strains.
  • Zinc oxide has also been used in the prevention of diarrhea in weanling pigs. Zinc oxide not only prevents diarrhea but also stimulates growth rate and feed intake in pigs when included in the diet at levels considerably higher than the nutritional requirement for zinc.
  • the mechanism that is involved in the action of pharmacological levels of zinc is not well understood. However, it is thought to be somewhat like the action of antibiotics in that it modifies the bacterial population in the gastrointestinal tract. Anyhow, zinc is a heavy metal and, thus, its use in food production may be questionable.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a biorefinery, wherein biomass is used as a starting material and converted by lactic acid fermentation into fermented solids and evaporable agents.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of converting biomass into fermented solids and evaporable agents by lactic acid fermentation.
  • Said method comprises the steps of a) heating the biomass to a temperature of about 55°C to about 75°C; b) inoculating said biomass with lactic acid bacteria; c) fermenting the biomass at about 27°C to about 37°C in a pH of about 3.5 to about 5; d) performing vacuum distillation at about 45°C to about 55°C under a vacuum of about 1 bar; and e) recovering fermented solids and distilled evaporable agents.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a food product obtainable through the biorefinery or conversion method set forth herein.
  • the food product an animal feed, such as a pig feed.
  • the lactic acid fermentation is initiated by an inoculumn comprising lactic acid bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus curvatus/sakei, Lactobacillus kefiri, Leuconostoc citreum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and any combination thereof.
  • lactic acid bacteria selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus curvatus/sakei, Lactobacillus kefiri, Leuconostoc citreum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and any combination thereof.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of samples taken from a malting process.
  • the present invention is based on developing and elaborating a new type of a biorefinery concept that utilizes industrial by-products, especially from food industry, as raw materials for cost-efficient production of at least two different types of end-products that may be separated from each other on the basis of their physical properties.
  • the present invention provides a biorefinery and a biorefining process for converting biomass, preferably low-value biomass, to fermented value-added biomass and evaporable material.
  • biomass preferably low-value biomass
  • evaporable material preferably low-value biomass
  • the whole concept has been designed to be sustainable, i.e. capable of being continued with minimal long-term effect on the environment, and be operable with industrial waste energy.
  • biorefinery means a sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable bio-based products and bio- energy, according to the definition suggested by International Energy Agency (IEA). To produce these bio-products, biorefineries can apply many hybrid technologies from different fields, such as bioengineering, polymer chemistry, food science, and agriculture.
  • biomass refers to a biological material obtained directly or indirectly from living organisms.
  • biomass means any carbohydrate-containing, i.e. organic, material derived from animals or plants.
  • suitable biomass sources for use in the present embodiments include byproducts of food industry, such as cull potatoes, by-products of brewing industry, such as spent grains (e.g.
  • the starting material may be, for instance, a chemically processed or otherwise demanding biomass, such as pulp or bark residue.
  • the present invention may in some embodiments utilize primary starting materials such as triticale or oat.
  • a first step of the present biorefining process comprises heating in order to destroy at least a majority of microorganisms in the starting material, which might interfere with a fermenting process or contaminate the end product.
  • a preferred temperature range for heating is between 55°C and 75°C since it is high enough for destroying or inhibiting the growth of any unwanted microorganisms but low enough to enable utilization of industrial waste energy, such as low-temperature waste heat. Duration of the heating step depends on different variables such the nature and amount of microorganisms in the starting material. A person skilled in the art can determine said duration easily.
  • low-temperature waste heat refers to surplus heat recovered e.g. from condensing power stations, nuclear power plants or various industrial processes, such as brewing. Low-temperature waste heat may also be recovered from district-heating return pipelines.
  • step of the biorefining process is balancing of the fermentation conditions.
  • This step is fully optional and depends on different variables such as the quality and quantity of the starting material.
  • this step if present, comprises adding nutrients, e.g. in the form of whey, the required amount of which may be easily calculated by a person skilled in the art.
  • the fermentation process is powered by a sugar content of 0.5% in the biomass to be fermented.
  • this value can be achieved, for instance, by adding whey having a lactose content of 5% to the biomass to be fermented in a proportion of 1 :10 (v/v).
  • the balancing step may comprise incorporating enzymes into the starting material, such as enzymes which degrade carbohydrates.
  • Typical enzymes suitable for this purpose include various cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, proteolytic, and amylolytic enzymes.
  • the optionally balanced biomass is inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for lactic acid fermentation.
  • lactic acid fermentation refers to biological process by which carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose, are converted into lactic acid.
  • LAB are a group of gram-positive, anaerobic, micro- aerophilic or aerotolerant, catalase-negative rods or cocci capable of lactic acid fermentation.
  • LAB can be divided into two groups based on the end-products of carbohydrate fermentation. Homo-fermentative LAB produce only lactic acid, while hetero-fermentative LAB produce a mix of lactate, ethanol, CO2 and/or acetate.
  • hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria grow in plant-associated environments and ferment hexoses (glucose, fructose, man- nose, and lactose) and pentoses (xylose and ribose) present in plant material.
  • Hetero-fermentative LAB can use several unusual fermentation reactions in addition to classical hetero-fermentation. They can also ferment organic acids, which are commonly present in plant material, and arginine.
  • probiotic LAB Live lactic acid bacteria remain in the end product. Therefore, it is advantageous to use probiotic LAB in the fermentation process.
  • probiotic refers to a live organism which, when administered in adequate numbers, confer a health benefit on the host. It is generally accepted that probiotics affect the host at least by improving its intestinal microbial balance, thus inhibiting pathogens and toxin producing bacteria.
  • Typical examples of probiotic LAB belong to the genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, or Bifidobacterium.
  • Cereal crop material is not an ideal growth environment for all LAB. Therefore, in connection with the present invention, cereal crops to be used for or collected from a malting process were screened for possible naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria. On the other hand, not all LAB adhere well to pigs' digestive tract. Therefore, pig intestines were isolated and screened for naturally occurring LAB. Generally, bacteria that adhere well to pig intestine grow poorly in a cereal crop based material. Thus, bacterial strains identified from pig intestines were further tested for their ability to grow in mash.
  • the fermentation process is to be initiated by one of the following alternative combinations of LAB species:
  • Characteristic to these and other suitable non-limiting combinations is that at least one species has been identified from cereal crop material while at least one other species has been identified from pig intestine. In further specific embodiments, it may be beneficial to include Pediococcus pentosaceus in the initiation of the fermentation process.
  • one or more pre-cultivations may be required to produce a suitable inoculum with sufficient cell concentration for the main fermentation process.
  • the inoculum for the first pre- cultivation may be prepared in a laboratory.
  • a typical inoculation rate ranges from 1 % to 7.5%, and viable count ranges typically from 10 6 to 10 9 cfu/ml.
  • fermentation is maintained at about 27°C to about 37°C, preferably at about 32°C to about 34°C, more preferably at about 30°C. These temperature ranges allow utilization of industrial or other waste heat for the process.
  • pH is maintained below 5, preferably from 3.5 to 5 in order to prevent the growth of any, such as soil bacteria, that have survived the preheating step.
  • Means and methods for monitoring and adjusting pH are readily known to a skilled person.
  • the fermentation is operated as a batch process, the main fermentation being planned to run for about 48 hours.
  • the estimated time required for the fermentation and cleaning, sterilization, and loading of the main bioreactors during the production of one batch takes about 60 hours.
  • Pre-cultivations and mixing and sterilization of the fermentation medium for the next batch may operate in parallel with the main fermentation process.
  • the facility may operate 320 days per year and therefore 128 batches can be processed annually.
  • the fermentation process produces evaporable agents, such as water and organic compounds, as by-products.
  • evaporable organic compounds include ethanol, acetic acid, propionic acid, butanol, and propanol. These compounds are recovered from the fermented biomass by distillation and may be utilized e.g. as energy or industrial chemicals.
  • evaporable agents are to be separated by vacuum distillation.
  • vacuum distillation is performed at about 45°C to about 55°C under a vacuum of about 1 bar.
  • Ethanol is one of the valuable by-products of the present bio- refining process and its yield depends on many variables, such as the starting material, LAB to be employed, and the duration of the fermentation process. In some embodiments, ethanol production capacity of LAB can be affected though metabolic engineering.
  • Ethanol produced in the present biorefinery concept may be delivered to a bioethanol produce for further upgrading.
  • the present biorefinery provides a sustainable alternative for the production of bioethanol, as it is formed as a co-product in the process that already uses secondary raw materials.
  • bioethanol may be used for example to replace fossil fuels in the transport sector.
  • the fermented biomass may be finalized. This is an optional step and may include different processes, such as drying, removing any odors, and adjusting pH.
  • Fermented biomass, or fermented solids, obtainable by the present biorefining process may be used for different purposes.
  • a fermented food product such as an animal feed
  • organic acids like lactic acid and acetic acid
  • the lactic acid fermentation not only converts biomass into a different foodstuff but it also provides improved microbiological stability and safety of the foodstuff. This is particularly important when waste fractions or cereal-crop- based biomasses, which often contain toxin-producing molds, are used as a starting material.
  • One preferred animal feed obtainable by the present biorefining process is a livestock feed, such as a pig feed.
  • fermented solids are also non-limiting applications for the fermented solids in order to improve soil's physical properties, such as water retention, permeability, water infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure.
  • soil's physical properties such as water retention, permeability, water infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure.
  • One particularly important purpose is to provide nutrition for plants.
  • the present biorefinery is located such that industrial waste heat may be utilized by the biorefinery.
  • the samples were homogenized by Stomacher (1 :3 suspension in Ringer- ⁇ solution; 10 g of sample and 20 ml of Ringer) and plated onto MRS plates (Difco) (100 ⁇ of dilutions 10°, 10 "1 , and 10 "2 ) in triplicate. Each plate thereof was then incubated either at 25°C, 30°C, or 35 to 37°C, respectively, in an anaerobic cultivator until bacterial colonies appeared.
  • Pig intestines were obtained from pig industry experimental station (MTT Agrifood Research Finland). The intestines were homogenized and plated on MRS as described in Example 1 .
  • Colonies selected from different samples and different cultivation conditions of Examples 1 and 2 were streaked as lines on fresh MRS- plates, and incubated at +30°C until the lines grew.
  • the potential CO2 production of the chosen isolates was determined with the Durham-tube test (Laborexin) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To this end, the chosen isolates were cultivated over night at +30°C in test tubes with 15 ml of MRS and the Durham-tube. The presence of absence of gas generated into the Durham-tube was determined. The pres- ence of gas indicates formation of CO 2 and, consequently, heterofermentative type of carbohydrate utilization.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un concept de bioraffinerie durable, et un procédé rentable d'exploitation de sous-produits industriels et de conversion de ces derniers en produits finaux de valeur, tels qu'éthanol et produits alimentaires, de préférence des aliments pour animaux, et plus particulièrement des aliments pour porc.
PCT/FI2013/051051 2012-11-07 2013-11-07 Bioraffinerie durable WO2014072580A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20126164 2012-11-07
FI20126164 2012-11-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014072580A1 true WO2014072580A1 (fr) 2014-05-15

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PCT/FI2013/051051 WO2014072580A1 (fr) 2012-11-07 2013-11-07 Bioraffinerie durable

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106260517A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2017-01-04 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 一种约氏乳杆菌发酵饲料的方法及饲料

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003061695A (ja) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-04 Kuraudo:Kk 生ゴミ等から有用物質を生産する方法
JP2006305540A (ja) * 2005-05-02 2006-11-09 Toru Ueda 稲藁等からの高効率乳酸・コハク酸生産方法及び土壌改良材生産方法
WO2008006382A1 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-17 Legarth, Lone Produits homofermentés
WO2010056304A1 (fr) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-20 University Of Maryland, College Park Procédé de production d'alcools alkyliques inférieurs à partir de biomasse cellulosique au moyen de micro-organismes
WO2011149956A2 (fr) * 2010-05-24 2011-12-01 Qteros, Inc. Procédés de production de produits chimiques à partir de sous-produits de fermentation
US20120183643A1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2012-07-19 Golden Corn Technologies, Llc Livestock feed from corn ethanol byproduct

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003061695A (ja) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-04 Kuraudo:Kk 生ゴミ等から有用物質を生産する方法
JP2006305540A (ja) * 2005-05-02 2006-11-09 Toru Ueda 稲藁等からの高効率乳酸・コハク酸生産方法及び土壌改良材生産方法
WO2008006382A1 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-17 Legarth, Lone Produits homofermentés
WO2010056304A1 (fr) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-20 University Of Maryland, College Park Procédé de production d'alcools alkyliques inférieurs à partir de biomasse cellulosique au moyen de micro-organismes
US20120183643A1 (en) * 2009-03-06 2012-07-19 Golden Corn Technologies, Llc Livestock feed from corn ethanol byproduct
WO2011149956A2 (fr) * 2010-05-24 2011-12-01 Qteros, Inc. Procédés de production de produits chimiques à partir de sous-produits de fermentation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106260517A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2017-01-04 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 一种约氏乳杆菌发酵饲料的方法及饲料

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