WO2014071466A1 - Method for treating the sanitary air extracted from a building, building for implementing said method and heat pump - Google Patents

Method for treating the sanitary air extracted from a building, building for implementing said method and heat pump Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014071466A1
WO2014071466A1 PCT/BE2013/000058 BE2013000058W WO2014071466A1 WO 2014071466 A1 WO2014071466 A1 WO 2014071466A1 BE 2013000058 W BE2013000058 W BE 2013000058W WO 2014071466 A1 WO2014071466 A1 WO 2014071466A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
building
evaporator
heat pump
air
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BE2013/000058
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul COBUT
David VERSCHEURE
Original Assignee
Cobut Paul
Verscheure David
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cobut Paul, Verscheure David filed Critical Cobut Paul
Publication of WO2014071466A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014071466A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0228Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with conventional heater
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0235Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system with recuperation of waste energy
    • F24D11/0242Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system with recuperation of waste energy contained in exhausted air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0005Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperation of waste heat
    • F24D17/001Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperation of waste heat with accumulation of heated water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00Details
    • F24D19/10Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1072Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001Compression cycle type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123Compression type heat pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16Waste heat
    • F24D2200/22Ventilation air
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/18Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperated or waste heat
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the air treatment of buildings, especially buildings intended to house living beings, especially people.
  • the invention relates more particularly to ventilated buildings and relates to a method constantly ensuring the hygienic character of the air in the building.
  • Heat pumps for heating buildings or producing hot water. Heat pumps commonly used for this purpose use air as a cold source, which is taken outside the building and sent to the evaporator of the heat pump.
  • the invention aims to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the invention therefore aims to provide a method that achieves, at the lowest cost, both efficient ventilation of buildings and heat production for heating the building or the production of hot water.
  • the invention also aims at providing a method which avoids icing of the evaporator of the heat pumps.
  • the invention relates to a method for treating the hygienic extract air of a building, which is characterized in that at least a portion of the hygienic extract air is sent to the evaporator of a pump. heat.
  • hygienic extract air means air that has been
  • the circulation of air in the building has the effect of heating it.
  • the hygienic extract air is usually warmer than the air that has been taken out of the building, although this is not a necessary condition for defining the invention.
  • the method according to the invention applies to all buildings intended to house living beings, these being, by definition, plants, animals or humans.
  • the invention is preferably applied to humans.
  • people will be used to refer, in general terms, to human beings.
  • the evaporator comprises, in a manner known per se, an intake opening of the hygienic extract air and a discharge opening of the hygienic extract air.
  • the inlet opening of the hygienic extract air is in communication with the interior of the building and the evacuation opening opens out of the building.
  • An extraction device (usually a fan) draws air from outside the building, circulates it inside the building, and extracts it from the building via the evaporator of the heat pump.
  • the evaporator of the heat pump is disposed in a sheath
  • the evaporator is disposed inside the building and its evacuation ear is disposed in an extraction duct located outside the building.
  • the circulation of air in the building before it is transferred to the evaporator has the advantageous result of avoiding icing of the evaporator.
  • the optimum duration of the circulation of the air in the building before it is sent to the evaporator will depend on various parameters, among which include, in particular, the flow rate of the air, its temperature, at the entrance of the building and the temperature. prevailing in the building (list not limiting). These parameters must be determined in each particular case by those skilled in the art.
  • the temperature in the building must be above 0 ° C. It should preferably be sufficient to prevent icing of the evaporator. With this condition, the temperature in the building is not critical for the definition of the invention. It is advantageously greater than 10 ° C and less than 50 ° C, the values of 15 to 30 ° C being preferred in the case of buildings intended to house people.
  • the hygienic extract air is circulated in contact with the compressor of the heat pump, before sending it into the evaporator.
  • the heat released by the compressor is thus exploited to preheat the hygienic extract air before it is sent to the evaporator.
  • This embodiment of the process according to the invention has the dual advantage of reducing the risk of icing of the evaporator of the heat pump and of increasing the efficiency thereof.
  • the destination of the heat released to the condenser of the heat pump (the heat source of the heat pump) is not critical for the definition of the invention.
  • the heat released to the condenser of the heat pump is used to heat water that is sent into a domestic hot water tank.
  • This embodiment of the invention is especially intended for buildings designed to house people.
  • the heat released at the condenser of the pump heat is used for boiler room building.
  • This embodiment of the method according to the invention can be combined with a separate heating installation of the building, such as a boiler running on wood or with a fossil fuel (natural gas or fuel oil) (illustrative list, not exhaustive). ).
  • the flow of the hygienic extract air in particular to achieve a defined comfort in the building or to meet hygiene standards in it .
  • various parameters can be taken into consideration, such as the building volume, its occupancy rate, the type of occupants (plants, animals, people) the temperature, the hygrometric degree of the hygienic extracted air, its carbon dioxide content and volatile organic compound (VOC) content (illustrative, non-exhaustive list).
  • the flow rate of the hygienic extract air is regulated as a function of the carbon dioxide content and / or the hygrometric degree and / or the content of volatile organic compounds * s air inside the building.
  • the regulation can be carried out by means of measuring probes, which act on a regulator of the air flow, extracted.
  • the flow rate of the hygienic extracted air is regulated according to the presence or absence of living beings (especially persons) in the building. This regulation can be realized
  • the regulation can be carried out by means of motion sensors or infra-red sensors.
  • the regulation of the air flow is effected by means of a room thermostat.
  • thermostat combining a day program and a night program.
  • the process according to the invention has the
  • the method according to the invention finds application in all buildings intended to house living beings, such as greenhouses intended to house plants, premises intended to house animals (zoological gardens cages, farm buildings and fish farms). ) and premises intended to house persons.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to buildings intended to house people,
  • the method according to the invention finds a particularly interesting application in high-performance housing, whose thermal insulation is important.
  • the heat released to the condenser of the heat pump is used primarily for the production of hot water for building users, the possible heat surplus being used for heating the building.
  • the temperature at the outlet of the evaporator of the heat pump is usually much lower than the comfort temperature of the housing. It is usually below 15 ° C or even 10 ° C and rarely exceeds 5 ° C. The cold generated in this way
  • the invention therefore also relates to a building in which a method according to the invention is implemented.
  • the invention comprises, on the one hand, an installation for taking air at one outside of said building *, circulate in the building and the extract of the building and, on the other hand, a heat pump including The evaporator is supplied with the air extracted from the building.
  • the air circulation in the building aims to warm it up before sending it to the evaporator of the heat pump.
  • the evaporator of the heat pump is arranged inside the building or in a building air extraction duct and its position with respect to the outside air intake zone is set to to ensure a sufficient residence time of the air in the building so that this air can heat up before extraction and transfer to the evaporator of the heat pump. This residence time must in particular be sufficient to prevent icing of 1 evaporator.
  • the building incorporates a domestic hot water production circuit and it is coupled to the condenser of the heat pump.
  • the circuit ê "hot Au may be connected exclusively to the condenser of the heat pump, or together with said condenser and a heat source (such as a boiler fed with fossil fuel
  • the hot water production circuit may conventionally comprise water as heat transfer fluid circulating in the condenser of the heat pump.
  • the building incorporates a circuit of
  • the heating circuit can be connected exclusively to the condenser of the heat pump.
  • the building heating circuit may be connected together with the heat pump condenser and another heat source (such as a boiler). fueled with fossil fuel).
  • the building heating circuit may conventionally include a coolant circuit (usually water) which is looped to the condenser of the heat pump.
  • the building according to the invention is advantageously low energy or passive type or NZEB (nearly zero energy building).
  • the invention also relates to a heat pump of new design, usable in the building according to the invention defined above.
  • the heat pump according to the invention comprises, in a manner known per se, on the one hand, a circuit for a refrigerant combining a compressor, a condenser, a pressure reducer and a
  • the heat pump is characterized in that the compressor is located between the air inlet and the evaporator.
  • the fan is disposed downstream of the evaporator (the term "downstream" being defined with respect to the direction of air flow in the heat pump) .
  • the latter comprises a housing pierced with the intake port and the aforementioned evacuation port and the compressor, the condenser, the expander, the evaporator and the fan are housed in said housing, so that the compressor and
  • the evaporator are located between the two gills
  • the fan is conveniently located between the evaporator and the exhaust port.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a heat pump according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of a particular embodiment of the building according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of another embodiment of the building according to the invention.
  • the heat pump shown schematically in Figure 1 is of the type using a gas as a cold source (usually air). It comprises, inside a housing 8, a condenser 1, a compressor 2, an evaporator 3 and a fan 4.
  • the housing 8 is pierced with a hearing
  • the ventilator 4 is located close to the exhaust port 7 and the compressor 2 is located in the immediate vicinity of the hearing port. 6. During operation of the heat pump, fresh air is drawn from the outside into the housing 8 by the
  • the evaporator 3 is disposed downstream of the compressor 2, with respect to the direction of air flow X.
  • the compressor 2 is ventilated by fresh air which heats up on contact with it. before entering the evaporator 3.
  • the reference notation 9 designates a building as a whole, for example a class of a school.
  • the wall 10 of the building is pierced with two openings respectively connected to an air intake duct 11 and to an exhaust duct 12.
  • the reference notation 13 designates, as a whole, a heat pump of the type using air as a cold source.
  • the heat pump 13 is
  • the evaporator 3 of 'the heat pump 13 is accommodated in the sheath 12 for discharging air from the building 9 ( "air sanitary extract”).
  • Sensors (not shown) can be housed in the extraction duct 12, to measure the degree
  • Sensors may also be present to detect the presence of volatile organic compounds and, if necessary, to measure the content of these in the air. These sensors are coupled to the fan motor 4 to start it, stop it or adjust its speed according to the measured readings and the set values.
  • the installation may also include a manually operated switch to start the fan
  • the switch can be operated automatically by means of a sensor of presence of people in the building (motion detector or infra-red detector).
  • the condenser 1 of the heat pump is connected to a water circuit 14 serving as heat transfer fluid for the production of domestic hot water in a tank 15.
  • the tank 15 is connected (reference 16) to the public network of
  • the heat pump 13 is active, so that, under the action of its fan, fresh air is withdrawn from the outside, enters the building 9 by the sheath 11, circulates in the building and is extracted from it via the sheath 12 where it passes through the Evaporator 3.
  • the air heats up.
  • the hot air extracted from the building (“air extracted
  • the condenser 1 of the heat pump 13 is connected bypass to the water circuit 14 (used for the production of domestic hot water in the tank 15) and to a heating circuit 18 of the building, incorporating radiators 19.
  • a three-way valve 20 regulates the relative flow rates of hot water in the domestic water circuit 14 and in the heating circuit 18.
  • the heating circuit 18 further comprises a boiler 21, supplied with a fossil fuel (natural gas, coal or fuel oil).
  • circulator 22 and 23 isolates the boiler 21 or put it in series with the condenser 4 of the heat pump 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

A method for treating the sanitary air extracted from a building (9), which involves sending at least a portion of the extracted sanitary air into the evaporator (3) of a heat pump (13).

Description

Procédé pour le traitement de l'air extrait hygiénique d'un bâtiment, bâtiment pour la mise en œuyre dudit procédé et pompe à chaleur Domaine de l'invention  Process for the treatment of the hygienic extract air of a building, building for the implementation of said method and heat pump Field of the invention
L'invention se rapporte au traitement de l'air des bâtiments, spécialement les bâtiments destinés à abriter des êtres vivants, tout spécialement des personnes.  The invention relates to the air treatment of buildings, especially buildings intended to house living beings, especially people.
L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement aux bâtiments ventilés et concerne un procédé garantissant en permanence le caractère hygiénique de l'air dans le bâtiment .  The invention relates more particularly to ventilated buildings and relates to a method constantly ensuring the hygienic character of the air in the building.
Etat de la technique  State of the art
La réglementation en vigueur impose de ventiler les bâtiments abritant des êtres vivants, spécialement les locaux publics, les ateliers et les logements. Dans le cas d'une ventilation forcée, de l'air frais est prélevé à l'extérieur du bâtiment, est mis à circuler dans celui-ci et est ensuite rejeté à l'extérieur. La mise en œuvre de cette technique de ventilation grève le coût des bâtiments et est une source de consommation d'énergie.  The current regulations require the breakdown of buildings housing living beings, especially public buildings, workshops and housing. In the case of forced ventilation, fresh air is drawn outside the building, circulated in the building and then discharged to the outside. The implementation of this ventilation technique strikes the cost of buildings and is a source of energy consumption.
Il est également connu d'utiliser des pompes à chaleur pour le chauffage des bâtiments ou la production d'eau chaude sanitaire. Des pompes à chaleur communément utilisées à cette fin utilisent de l'air comme source froide, que l'on prélève à l'extérieur du bâtiment et que l'on envoie dans 1 ' évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur.  It is also known to use heat pumps for heating buildings or producing hot water. Heat pumps commonly used for this purpose use air as a cold source, which is taken outside the building and sent to the evaporator of the heat pump.
Cette technique de production de chaleur a toutefois ses limites, car on court le risque d'un givrage de This heat production technique, however, has its limits because there is the risk of icing
1 'évaporateur, surtout par temps froid. Résumé de l'invention 1 'evaporator, especially in cold weather. Summary of the invention
L'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients cités plus haut .  The invention aims to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above.
L'invention vise dès lors à fournir un procédé qui réalise, aux moindres frais, à la fois une ventilation efficace des bâtiments et une production de chaleur destinée au chauffage du bâtiment ou à la production d'eau chaude sanitaire.  The invention therefore aims to provide a method that achieves, at the lowest cost, both efficient ventilation of buildings and heat production for heating the building or the production of hot water.
L'invention vise également à fournir un procédé qui évite un givrage de 1 ' évap rateur des pompes à chaleur.  The invention also aims at providing a method which avoids icing of the evaporator of the heat pumps.
En conséquence, l'invention concerne un procédé pour le traitement de l'air extrait hygiénique d'un bâtiment, qui se caractérise en ce qu'on envoie une partie au moins de l'air extrait hygiénique dans 1 ' évaporateur d'une pompe à chaleur.  Accordingly, the invention relates to a method for treating the hygienic extract air of a building, which is characterized in that at least a portion of the hygienic extract air is sent to the evaporator of a pump. heat.
Description détaillée de l'invention  Detailed description of the invention
Dans le présent mémoire, on entend par l'expression « air extrait hygiénique », de l'air qui a été  As used herein, the term "hygienic extract air" means air that has been
successivement prélevé à l'extérieur du bâtiment, mis en circulation forcée dans le bâtiment, puis extrait de celui-ci. En général, la circulation de l'air dans le bâtiment a pour effet de le chauffer. Il en résulte que l'air extrait hygiénique est habituellement plus chaud que l'air qui a été prélevé hors du bâtiment, bien que ce ne soit pas une condition -impérative pour la définition de l'invention. successively taken outside the building, put into forced circulation in the building, then extracted from it. In general, the circulation of air in the building has the effect of heating it. As a result, the hygienic extract air is usually warmer than the air that has been taken out of the building, although this is not a necessary condition for defining the invention.
Le procédé selon l'invention s'applique à tous bâtiments destinés à abriter des êtres vivants, ceux-ci étant, par définition, des plantes, des animaux ou des humains. L'invention s'applique de préférence aux êtres humains. Dans la suite du prése'nt mémoire, le vocable « personnes » sera utilisé pour désigner, de manière générale, des êtres humains. The method according to the invention applies to all buildings intended to house living beings, these being, by definition, plants, animals or humans. The invention is preferably applied to humans. In the remainder of this memorial, the word "People" will be used to refer, in general terms, to human beings.
Dans le procédé selon l'invention, une partie au moins, de préférence la totalité, de l'air extrait hygiénique est envoyée dans 1 'éyaporateur d'une pompe à chaleur. L ' évaporateur comprend, de manière connue en soi, une ouïe d'admission de l'air extrait hygiénique et une ouïe d'évacuation de l'air extrait hygiénique.  In the process according to the invention, at least a portion, preferably all, of the hygienic extract air is fed into the evaporator of a heat pump. The evaporator comprises, in a manner known per se, an intake opening of the hygienic extract air and a discharge opening of the hygienic extract air.
Conformément à l'invention, l'ouïe d'admission de l'air extrait hygiénique se trouve en communication avec l'intérieur du bâtiment et-l-iouïe d'évacuation débouche à l'extérieur du bâtiment. Un dispositif d'extraction (généralement un ventilateur) prélève de l'air à l'extérieur du bâtiment, le soumet à une circulation à l'intérieur du bâtiment, puis l'extrait du bâtiment via l' évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de 1 ' irventïon, l' évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur est disposé dans une gaine According to the invention, the inlet opening of the hygienic extract air is in communication with the interior of the building and the evacuation opening opens out of the building. An extraction device (usually a fan) draws air from outside the building, circulates it inside the building, and extracts it from the building via the evaporator of the heat pump. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the evaporator of the heat pump is disposed in a sheath
d'extraction, située en périphérie du bâtiment. Dans un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, 1 ' évaporateur est disposé à l'intérieur du bâtiment et son ouïe d'évacuation est disposée dans une gaine d'extraction située à l'extérieur du bâtiment. extraction, located on the outskirts of the building. In another embodiment of the invention, the evaporator is disposed inside the building and its evacuation ear is disposed in an extraction duct located outside the building.
Pendant la circulation de l'air dans le bâtiment, un échange de chaleur se fait entre cet air et l'ambiance du bâtiment. Par temps froid, la circulation de l'air dans le bâtiment avant son transfert dans 1 'évaporateur a pour résultat avantageux d'éviter un givrage de 1 ' évaporateu . La durée optimum de la circulation de l'air dans le bâtiment, avant son envoi dans 1 'évaporateur va dépendre de divers paramètres, parmi lesquels figurent notamment le débit de l'air, sa température, à l'entrée du bâtiment et la température régnant dans le bâtiment (liste non limitative) . Ces paramètres doivent être déterminés dans chaque cas particulier par l'homme du métier. During the circulation of the air in the building, a heat exchange is made between this air and the atmosphere of the building. In cold weather, the circulation of air in the building before it is transferred to the evaporator has the advantageous result of avoiding icing of the evaporator. The optimum duration of the circulation of the air in the building before it is sent to the evaporator will depend on various parameters, among which include, in particular, the flow rate of the air, its temperature, at the entrance of the building and the temperature. prevailing in the building (list not limiting). These parameters must be determined in each particular case by those skilled in the art.
La température dans le bâtiment doit être supérieure à 0°C. Elle doit de préférence être suffisante pour éviter un givrage de 1 ' évaporateur . Moyennant cette condition, la température dans le bâtiment n'est pas critique pour la définition de l'invention. Elle est avantageusement supérieure à 10°C et inférieure à 50°C, les valeurs de 15 à 30°C étant préférées dans le cas de bâtiments destinés à abriter des personnes.  The temperature in the building must be above 0 ° C. It should preferably be sufficient to prevent icing of the evaporator. With this condition, the temperature in the building is not critical for the definition of the invention. It is advantageously greater than 10 ° C and less than 50 ° C, the values of 15 to 30 ° C being preferred in the case of buildings intended to house people.
Dans une forme de réalisation particulière du procédé selon l'invention, on fait circuler l'air extrait hygiénique au contact du compresseur de la pompe à chaleur, avant de l'envoyer dans 1 ' évaporateur . La chaleur libérée par le compresseur est ainsi exploitée pour préchauffer l'air extrait hygiénique avant son envoi dans 1 'évaporateur . Cette forme de réalisation du procédé selon l'invention présente le double avantage de réduire le risque de givrage de 1 ' évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur et d'augmenter le rendement de celle-ci.  In a particular embodiment of the process according to the invention, the hygienic extract air is circulated in contact with the compressor of the heat pump, before sending it into the evaporator. The heat released by the compressor is thus exploited to preheat the hygienic extract air before it is sent to the evaporator. This embodiment of the process according to the invention has the dual advantage of reducing the risk of icing of the evaporator of the heat pump and of increasing the efficiency thereof.
Dans le procédé selon l'invention, la destination de la chaleur libérée au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur (la source chaude de la pompe à chaleur) n'est pas critique pour la définition de l'invention.  In the process according to the invention, the destination of the heat released to the condenser of the heat pump (the heat source of the heat pump) is not critical for the definition of the invention.
Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, la chaleur libérée au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur est utilisée pour chauffer de l'eau que l'on envoie dans un accumulateur d'eau chaude sanitaire. Cette forme de réalisation de l'invention est spécialement destinée aux bâtiments conçus pour abriter des personnes.  In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat released to the condenser of the heat pump is used to heat water that is sent into a domestic hot water tank. This embodiment of the invention is especially intended for buildings designed to house people.
Dans une autre forme de réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, la chaleur libérée au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur est utilisée pour chaufferie bâtiment. Cette forme de réalisation du procédé selon l'invention peut être combinée à une installation séparée de chauffage du bâtiment, telle qu'une chaudière fonctionnant au bois ou au moyen d'un combustible fossile (gaz naturel ou mazout) (liste exemplative, non exhaustive). In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat released at the condenser of the pump heat is used for boiler room building. This embodiment of the method according to the invention can be combined with a separate heating installation of the building, such as a boiler running on wood or with a fossil fuel (natural gas or fuel oil) (illustrative list, not exhaustive). ).
En variante, les deux* formes de réalisation  Alternatively, the two * embodiments
avantageuses qui viennent d'être décrites peuvent être combinées. Dans ce cas, une fraction de la chaleur libérée au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur est exploitée pour produire de l'eau chaude sanitaire et le solde est utilisé pour chauffer le bâtiment. The advantages which have just been described can be combined. In this case, a fraction of the heat released to the condenser of the heat pump is used to produce hot water and the balance is used to heat the building.
Dans la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, il peut s'avérer souhaitable de réguler le débit de l'air extrait hygiénique, notamment pour réaliser un confort défini dans le bâtiment ou pour respecter des normes d'hygiène dans celui-ci. A cet effet, divers paramètres peuvent être pris en considération, tels que le volume du bâtiment, son taux d'occupation, le type d'occupants (plantes, animaux, personnes) la température, le degré hygrométrique de l'air extrait hygiénique, sa teneur en dioxyde de carbone et sa teneur en composés organiques volatiles (COV) (liste exemplative, non exhaustive) .  In the implementation of the method according to the invention, it may be desirable to regulate the flow of the hygienic extract air, in particular to achieve a defined comfort in the building or to meet hygiene standards in it . For this purpose, various parameters can be taken into consideration, such as the building volume, its occupancy rate, the type of occupants (plants, animals, people) the temperature, the hygrometric degree of the hygienic extracted air, its carbon dioxide content and volatile organic compound (VOC) content (illustrative, non-exhaustive list).
Dans une forme de réalisation particulière du procédé selon l'invention, on régule le débit de l'air extrait hygiénique en fonction de la teneur en dioxyde de carbone et/ou du degré hygrométrique et/ou de la teneur en composés organiques volatile*s de l'air à l'intérieur du bâtiment. La régulation peut être réalisée au moyen de sondes de mesure, qui agissent sur un régulateur du débit de l'air, extrait. Dans une autre forme de réalisation du procédé selon l'invention, on régule le débit de l'air extrait hygiénique en fonction de la présence ou de l'absence d'êtres vivants (spécialement des personnes) dans le bâtiment. Cette régulation peut être réalisée In a particular embodiment of the process according to the invention, the flow rate of the hygienic extract air is regulated as a function of the carbon dioxide content and / or the hygrometric degree and / or the content of volatile organic compounds * s air inside the building. The regulation can be carried out by means of measuring probes, which act on a regulator of the air flow, extracted. In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the flow rate of the hygienic extracted air is regulated according to the presence or absence of living beings (especially persons) in the building. This regulation can be realized
manuellement, par tout ou rien (on déclenché le manually, by all or nothing (we triggered the
ventilateur d'extraction d'air quand le bâtiment est occupé ou susceptible d'accueillir à court terme des occupants et on l'interrompt dans le cas inverse). En variante, la régulation peut être réalisée au moyen de capteurs de mouvement ou de capteurs infra-rouge. exhaust fan when the building is occupied or likely to accommodate occupants in the short term and is interrupted in the opposite case). Alternatively, the regulation can be carried out by means of motion sensors or infra-red sensors.
Dans une forme de réalisation supplémentaire de l'invention, la régulation du débit d'air est opérée au moyen d'un thermostat d'ambiance. On utilise  In a further embodiment of the invention, the regulation of the air flow is effected by means of a room thermostat. We use
avantageusement un thermostat associant un programme de jour et un programme de nuit. advantageously a thermostat combining a day program and a night program.
Le procédé selon l'invention présente la  The process according to the invention has the
particularité avantageuse de permettre une récupération du froid généré à 1 'évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur pour réfrigérer le bâtiment lorsque celui-ci est soumis a une surchauffe, notamment en période estivale. an advantageous feature of allowing a cold recovery generated at the evaporator of the heat pump to refrigerate the building when it is subjected to overheating, especially in summer.
Le procédé selon l'inveRtion trouve une application dans tous les bâtiments destinés à abriter des êtres vivants, tels que des serres destinées à abriter des plantes, des locaux destinés à abriter des animaux (cages de jardins zoologiques, bâtiments d'exploitations agricoles et piscicoles) et des locaux destinés à abriter des personnes. L'invention s'applique tout spécialement aux bâtiments destinés à abriter des personnes,  The method according to the invention finds application in all buildings intended to house living beings, such as greenhouses intended to house plants, premises intended to house animals (zoological gardens cages, farm buildings and fish farms). ) and premises intended to house persons. The invention is particularly applicable to buildings intended to house people,
spécialement des bâtiments publics, des salles de spectacles, des salles de sport, des écoles, des piscines publiques ou privées, des locaux administratifs, des ateliers, des logements (maisons, hôtels, complexes d'appartements) (liste exemplative, non exhaustive) . specially public buildings, theaters, sports halls, schools, public or private pools, administrative workshops, dwellings (houses, hotels, apartment complexes) (illustrative list, not exhaustive).
Le procédé selon l'invention trouve une application spécialement intéressante dans les logements performants, dont l'isolation thermique est importante.  The method according to the invention finds a particularly interesting application in high-performance housing, whose thermal insulation is important.
Dans cette application de l'invention, la chaleur libérée au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur est utilisée en priorité pour la production de l'eau chaude sanitaire destinée aux utilisateurs du bâtiment, le surplus éventuel de chaleur étant utilisé pour le chauffage du bâtiment. La température à la sortie de 1 ' évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur est habituellement fort inférieure à la température de confort des logements. Elle est habituellement inférieure à 15 °C, voire 10 °C et excède rarement 5 °C. Le froid généré de la sorte à  In this application of the invention, the heat released to the condenser of the heat pump is used primarily for the production of hot water for building users, the possible heat surplus being used for heating the building. The temperature at the outlet of the evaporator of the heat pump is usually much lower than the comfort temperature of the housing. It is usually below 15 ° C or even 10 ° C and rarely exceeds 5 ° C. The cold generated in this way
1 'évaporateur est avantageusement récupéré pour The evaporator is advantageously recovered for
rafraîchir le bâtiment lorsqu'il est soumis à une surchauffe, notamment en période estivale ou en présence d'une source de chaleur externe momentanée (par exemple une affluence anormale de personnes ou apports solaires ou la présence d ' appareils^générateurs de chaleurs tels que des ordinateurs ou un éclairage intensif). cool the building when it is subject to overheating, especially in the summer period or in the presence of a source of momentary external heat (e.g., an abnormal influx of people or solar gain or the presence Apparatus ^ heat generators such as computers or intensive lighting).
L'invention concerne dès lors aussi un bâtiment dans lequel on met en œuvre un procédé conforme à l'invention.  The invention therefore also relates to a building in which a method according to the invention is implemented.
De manière plus concrète, le bâtiment selon  More concretely, the building according to
l'invention comprend, d'une part, une installation pour prélever de l'air à 1 ' extérieur* dudit bâtiment , le faire circuler dans le bâtiment et l'extraire du bâtiment et, d'autre part, une pompe à chaleur dont 1 ' évaporateur est alimenté avec l'air extrait du bâtiment. the invention comprises, on the one hand, an installation for taking air at one outside of said building *, circulate in the building and the extract of the building and, on the other hand, a heat pump including The evaporator is supplied with the air extracted from the building.
Dans le bâtiment selon l'invention, la circulation de l'air dans le bâtiment a pour objectif de l'échauffer avant de l'envoyer dans 1 'évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur. L ' évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur est disposé à l'intérieur du bâtiment ou dans une gaine d'extraction de l'air du bâtiment et sa position, par rapport à la zone d'admission de l'air extérieur, est réglée pour assurer un temps de séjour suffisant de l'air dans le bâtiment pour que cet air puisse s'échauffer avant son extraction et son transfert dans 1 ' évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur. Ce temps de séjour doit notamment être suffisant pour éviter un givrage de 1 ' évaporateur . In the building according to the invention, the air circulation in the building aims to warm it up before sending it to the evaporator of the heat pump. The evaporator of the heat pump is arranged inside the building or in a building air extraction duct and its position with respect to the outside air intake zone is set to to ensure a sufficient residence time of the air in the building so that this air can heat up before extraction and transfer to the evaporator of the heat pump. This residence time must in particular be sufficient to prevent icing of 1 evaporator.
Dans une forme de réalisation avantageuse de l'invention, le bâtiment incorpore un circuit de production d'eau chaude sanitaire et celui-ci est couplé au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur. Dans cette forme de réalisation, le circuit d'ê"aû chaude sanitaire peut être relié exclusivement au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur, ou conjointement à ce condenseur et à une autre source de chaleur (telle qu'une chaudière alimentée avec un combustible fossile) . Dans cette forme de réalisation de l'invention, le circuit de production d'eau chaude peut comprendre, de manière conventibnnelle, de l'eau comme fluide caloporteur circulant dans le condenseur de la pompe à chaleur. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the building incorporates a domestic hot water production circuit and it is coupled to the condenser of the heat pump. In this embodiment, the circuit ê "hot Au may be connected exclusively to the condenser of the heat pump, or together with said condenser and a heat source (such as a boiler fed with fossil fuel In this embodiment of the invention, the hot water production circuit may conventionally comprise water as heat transfer fluid circulating in the condenser of the heat pump.
Dans une autre forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention, le bâtiment incorpore un circuit de  In another particular embodiment of the invention, the building incorporates a circuit of
chauffage dudit bâtiment et celui-ci est couplé au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur. Dans cette forme de réalisation, le circuit de chauffage peut être relié exclusivement au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur. En variante, le circuit de cha-uf-fage du bâtiment peut être relié conjointement au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur et à une autre source de chaleur (telle qu'une chaudière alimentée avec un combustible fossile) . Dans cette forme de réalisation de l'invention, le circuit de chauffage du bâtiment peut comprendre, de manière conventionnelle, un circuit d'un fluide caloporteur (habituellement de l'eau) qui est relié en boucle au condenseur de la pompe à chaleur . heating said building and it is coupled to the condenser of the heat pump. In this embodiment, the heating circuit can be connected exclusively to the condenser of the heat pump. Alternatively, the building heating circuit may be connected together with the heat pump condenser and another heat source (such as a boiler). fueled with fossil fuel). In this embodiment of the invention, the building heating circuit may conventionally include a coolant circuit (usually water) which is looped to the condenser of the heat pump.
Le bâtiment selon l'invention est avantageusement du type basse énergie ou passif ou NZEB (nearly zéro energy building) .  The building according to the invention is advantageously low energy or passive type or NZEB (nearly zero energy building).
L'invention concerne également une pompe a chaleur de conception nouvelle, utilisable dans le bâtiment selon l'invention défini plus haut. La pompe à chaleur selon l'invention comprend, de manière connue en soi, d'une part, un circuit pour un fluide frigorigène associant un compresseur, un condenseur, un détendeur et un  The invention also relates to a heat pump of new design, usable in the building according to the invention defined above. The heat pump according to the invention comprises, in a manner known per se, on the one hand, a circuit for a refrigerant combining a compressor, a condenser, a pressure reducer and a
évaporateur et, d'autre part, un dispositif pour la circulation d'air au contact de 1 ' évaporateur, le dit dispositif comprenant une ouïe d'admission d'air en amont de 1 'évaporateur, une ouïe d'évacuation d'air en aval de 1 'évaporateur et un ventilateur ; selon l'invention, la pompe à chaleur se caractérise par le fait que le compresseur est situé entre l'ouïe d'admission d'air et 1 ' évaporateur . evaporator and, on the other hand, a device for the circulation of air in contact with one evaporator, said device comprising an air inlet opening upstream of the evaporator, an air exhaust opening downstream of the evaporator and a fan; according to the invention, the heat pump is characterized in that the compressor is located between the air inlet and the evaporator.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de la pompe à chaleur selon l'invention, le ventilateur est disposé en aval de 1 ' évaporateur (le vocable « aval » étant défini par rapport au sens de circulation de l'air dans là pompe à chaleur) .  In a preferred embodiment of the heat pump according to the invention, the fan is disposed downstream of the evaporator (the term "downstream" being defined with respect to the direction of air flow in the heat pump) .
Dans une autre forme de réalisation de la pompe à chaleur selon l'invention, celle-ci comprend un boîtier percé de l'ouïe d'admission et de l'ouïe d'évacuations précitées et le compresseur, le condenseur, le détendeur, l' évaporateur et le ventilateur sont logés dans ledit boîtier, de telle manière que le compresseur et In another embodiment of the heat pump according to the invention, the latter comprises a housing pierced with the intake port and the aforementioned evacuation port and the compressor, the condenser, the expander, the evaporator and the fan are housed in said housing, so that the compressor and
l' évaporateur soient situés entre les deux ouïes  the evaporator are located between the two gills
susdites. Dans cette forme de réalisation, le ventilateur est idéalement situé entre l' évaporateur et l'ouïe d' évacuation .  aforesaid. In this embodiment, the fan is conveniently located between the evaporator and the exhaust port.
Le procédé et le bâtiment selon l'invention  The method and the building according to the invention
apportent de multiples avantages innovants, parmi  bring many innovative advantages, among
lesquels figurent notamment :  which include:
- la récupération d'énergie en évitant la nécessité d'un cycle de dégivrage ce ui optimise la performance de la pompe à chaleur ; - Energy recovery by avoiding the need for a defrost cycle which optimizes the performance of the heat pump;
- la récupération de la chaleur latente de l'air extrait du bâtiment (« air extrait hygiénique ») ;  - the recovery of the latent heat of the air extracted from the building ("hygienic extract air");
- une récupération d'énergie de manière constante toute l'année, quelle que soit la température extérieure et quelle que soit la demande thermique de chauffage ; - Constant energy recovery throughout the year, regardless of the outdoor temperature and whatever the thermal demand for heating;
- le contrôle du degré hygrométrique et de la teneur en C02 de l'atmosphère du bâtiment assurant de la sorte le confort et l'hygiène dans le bâtiment ; - control of the hygrometric degree and the C0 2 content of the building atmosphere thus ensuring comfort and hygiene in the building;
- une modulation du débit d'air de ventilation dans le bâtiment, à la demande et en fonction de l'occupation. - a modulation of the ventilation air flow in the building, on demand and according to occupancy.
- La recirculation dans le, logement de l'air froid généré à la sortie de l' évaporateur lors de surchauffes. - Recirculation in the cold air chamber generated at the outlet of the evaporator during overheating.
Des particularités et détails de l'invention vont apparaître au cours de la description suivante des figures annexées, qui sont des schémas de quelques formes de réalisation particulières de ,1' invention.  Features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying figures, which are diagrams of some particular embodiments of the invention.
Brève description des figures : La figure 1 est un schéma d'une pompe à chaleur conforme à l'invention ; La figure 2 est un schéma d'une forme de réalisation particulière du bâtiment selon l'invention ; et BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 is a diagram of a heat pump according to the invention; Figure 2 is a diagram of a particular embodiment of the building according to the invention; and
La figure 3 est un schéma d'une autre forme de réalisation du bâtiment selon l'invention. Figure 3 is a diagram of another embodiment of the building according to the invention.
Dans ces figures les mêmes numéros de référence désignent les mêmes éléments.  In these figures, the same reference numerals designate the same elements.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation particuliers Detailed description of particular embodiments
La pompe à chaleur schématisée à la figure 1 est du type utilisant un gaz comme source froide (généralement de l'air). Elle comprend, à l'intérieur d'un boîtier 8, un condenseur 1, un compresseur 2, un évaporateur 3 et un ventilateur 4. Le boîtier 8 est percé d'une ouïe The heat pump shown schematically in Figure 1 is of the type using a gas as a cold source (usually air). It comprises, inside a housing 8, a condenser 1, a compressor 2, an evaporator 3 and a fan 4. The housing 8 is pierced with a hearing
d'admission d'air 6 et d'une ouïe d'évacuation d'air 7. Le ventilateur 4 est situé à prôximité immédiate de l'ouïe d'évacuation 7 et le compresseur 2 est situé à proximité immédiate de l'ouïe d'admission 6. Pendant le fonctionnement de la pompe à chaleur, de l'air frais est aspiré depuis l'extérieur dans le boîtier 8 par le The ventilator 4 is located close to the exhaust port 7 and the compressor 2 is located in the immediate vicinity of the hearing port. 6. During operation of the heat pump, fresh air is drawn from the outside into the housing 8 by the
ventilateur 4. L'air aspiré pénètre dans le boîtier 8 par l'ouïe d'admission 6, traverse le boîtier dans le sens de la flèche X et quitte le boîtier par l'ouïe d'évacuation 7. 4. The sucked air enters the housing 8 through the intake port 6, passes through the housing in the direction of the arrow X and leaves the housing through the exhaust port 7.
Conformément à l'invention, 1 ' évaporateur 3 est disposé en aval du compresseur 2, par rapport au sens de circulation de l'air X. Ainsi, le compresseur 2 est ventilé par de l'air frais qui s'échauffe à son contact, avant de pénétrer dans l' évaporateur 3. Toutes autres choses étant égales par ailleurs, ces dispositions  According to the invention, the evaporator 3 is disposed downstream of the compressor 2, with respect to the direction of air flow X. Thus, the compressor 2 is ventilated by fresh air which heats up on contact with it. before entering the evaporator 3. All other things being equal, these provisions
respectives du compresseur 2 et de l' évaporateur 3 respective of the compressor 2 and the evaporator 3
augmentent le rendement énergétique de la pompe à increase the energy efficiency of the pump to
chaleur. Aux figures 2 et 3, la notation de référence 9 désigne un bâtiment dans son ensemble, par exemple une classe d'une école. La paroi 10 du bâtiment est percée de deux ouvertures raccordées respectivement à une gaine d'admission d'air 11 et à une gaine d'évacuation d'air 12. heat. In Figures 2 and 3, the reference notation 9 designates a building as a whole, for example a class of a school. The wall 10 of the building is pierced with two openings respectively connected to an air intake duct 11 and to an exhaust duct 12.
La notation de référence 13 désigne, dans son ensemble, une pompe à chaleur du type utilisant de l'air comme source froide. La pompe à chaleur 13 est  The reference notation 13 designates, as a whole, a heat pump of the type using air as a cold source. The heat pump 13 is
avantageusement analogue à celle décrite plus haut, en référence à la figure 1. L' évaporateur 3 de' la pompe à chaleur 13 est logé dans la gaine 12 servant à évacuer l'air du bâtiment 9 (« air extrait hygiénique ») . Des capteurs (non représentés) peuvent être logés dans la gaine d'extraction 12, pour mesurer le degré preferably similar to that described above with reference to Figure 1. The evaporator 3 of 'the heat pump 13 is accommodated in the sheath 12 for discharging air from the building 9 ( "air sanitary extract"). Sensors (not shown) can be housed in the extraction duct 12, to measure the degree
hygrométrique de l'air extr-ai-t du bâtiment, sa teneur en dioxyde de carbone et sa température et comparer les mesures relevées à des valeurs de consigne. Des capteurs peuvent également être présents pour détecter la présence de composés organiques volatiles et, le cas échéant, pour mesurer la teneur de ceux-ci dans l'air. Ces capteurs sont couplés au moteur du ventilateur 4 pour démarrer celui-ci, l'arrêter ou régler sa vitesse en fonction des mesures relevées et des valeurs de consigne. humidity of the air outside the building, its content of carbon dioxide and its temperature and compare the measured measurements to set values. Sensors may also be present to detect the presence of volatile organic compounds and, if necessary, to measure the content of these in the air. These sensors are coupled to the fan motor 4 to start it, stop it or adjust its speed according to the measured readings and the set values.
L' installation peut également comprendre un commutateur à fonctionnement manuel pour démarrer le ventilateur The installation may also include a manually operated switch to start the fan
41orsque le bâtiment 9 est occupé ou l'arrêter lorsqu'il est vide. En variante, le commutateur peut être actionné automatiquement au moyen d'un détecteur de présence de personnes dans le bâtiment (détecteur de mouvement ou détecteur à infra-rouge) . Dans l'installation de la figure 2, le condenseur 1 de la pompe à chaleur est raccordé à un circuit d'eau 14 servant de fluide caloporteur pour la production d'eau chaude sanitaire dans un réservoir 15. Le réservoir 15 est raccordé (référence 16) au réseau public de 41when building 9 is occupied or stop it when it is empty. Alternatively, the switch can be operated automatically by means of a sensor of presence of people in the building (motion detector or infra-red detector). In the installation of FIG. 2, the condenser 1 of the heat pump is connected to a water circuit 14 serving as heat transfer fluid for the production of domestic hot water in a tank 15. The tank 15 is connected (reference 16) to the public network of
fourniture d'eau et au circuit 17 d'eau sanitaire du bâtiment 9. Pendant l'occupation du bâtiment 9 par un groupe de personnes (par exemple une classe d'enfants), la pompe à chaleur 13 est active, de sorte que, sous l'action de son ventilateur, de l'air frais est soutiré de l'extérieur, pénètre dans le bâtiment 9 par la gaine 11, circule dans le bâtiment et est extrait de celui-ci via la gaine 12 où il traverse l' évaporateur 3. Pendant sa circulation dans le bâtiment 9, depuis la gaine 11 jusqu'à la gaine 12, l'air s'échauffe. Dans la gaine 12, l'air chaud extrait du bâtiment (« air extrait  supply of water and circuit 17 of sanitary water of the building 9. During the occupation of the building 9 by a group of people (for example a class of children), the heat pump 13 is active, so that, under the action of its fan, fresh air is withdrawn from the outside, enters the building 9 by the sheath 11, circulates in the building and is extracted from it via the sheath 12 where it passes through the Evaporator 3. During its circulation in building 9, from the sheath 11 to the sheath 12, the air heats up. In the sheath 12, the hot air extracted from the building ("air extracted
hygiénique ») traverse 1 ' évaporateur 3 où il cède sa chaleur sensible et latente. hygienic ") passes through the evaporator 3 where it gives up its sensible and latent heat.
Dans l'installation schématisée à la figure 3, le condenseur 1 de la pompe à chaleur 13 est raccordé en dérivation au circuit d'eau 14 (servant à la production d'eau chaude sanitaire dans le réservoir 15) et à un circuit de chauffage 18 du bâtiment, incorporant des radiateurs 19. Une vanne à trois voies 20 permet de régler les débits relatifs d'eau chaude dans le circuit d'eau sanitaire 14 et dans le circuit de chauffage 18. Le circuit de chauffage 18 comporte en outre une chaudière 21, alimentée avec un combustible fossile (gaz naturel, charbon ou mazout) . En fonction des besoins en chauffage ou en chaude sanitaire, un ensemble de vannes et  In the installation shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, the condenser 1 of the heat pump 13 is connected bypass to the water circuit 14 (used for the production of domestic hot water in the tank 15) and to a heating circuit 18 of the building, incorporating radiators 19. A three-way valve 20 regulates the relative flow rates of hot water in the domestic water circuit 14 and in the heating circuit 18. The heating circuit 18 further comprises a boiler 21, supplied with a fossil fuel (natural gas, coal or fuel oil). Depending on the heating or sanitary requirements, a set of valves and
circulateur 22 et 23 permet d'isoler la chaudière 21 ou de la mettre en série avec le condenseur 4 de la pompe à chaleur 3. circulator 22 and 23 isolates the boiler 21 or put it in series with the condenser 4 of the heat pump 3.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS ''
Procédé pour le traitement de l'air extrait hygiénique d'un bâtiment ( 9 ), caractérisé en ce qu'on envoie une partie au moins de l'air extrait hygiénique dans  Process for the treatment of the hygienic extract air of a building (9), characterized in that at least a portion of the hygienic extract air is
1 ' évaporateur (3) d'une pompe à chaleur (13). 1 'evaporator (3) of a heat pump (13).
Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on envoie la totalité de l'air extrait hygiénique dans 1 'évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur.  Process according to claim 1, characterized in that all the hygienic extract air is sent to the evaporator of the heat pump.
Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la température dans le bâtiment (9) peut être del5 à 30°C.  Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature in the building (9) can be del5 at 30 ° C.
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à Process according to any one of claims 1 to
3, caractérisé en ce qu'avant d'envoyer l'air extrait hygiéniquedans 1 ' évaporateur ( 3 ) de la pompe à chaleur (13), on le fait circuler au,contact du compresseur (2) de cette pompe à chaleur. 3, characterized in that before sending the hygienic extract air into the evaporator (3) of the heat pump (13), it is circulated to the contact of the compressor (2) of this heat pump.
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à , caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise la chaleur libérée au condenseur (1) de la pompe a chaleur (3) pour chauffer de l'eau que l'on envoie dans un accumulateur d'eau chaude sanitaire (15) .  Process according to any one of claims 1 to, characterized in that the heat released to the condenser (1) of the heat pump (3) is used to heat water which is fed into a storage tank. domestic hot water (15).
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à Process according to any one of claims 1 to
5, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise la chaleur libérée au condenseur (1) pour oha-uffer le bâtiment (9). 5, characterized in that the heat released to the condenser (1) is used to oha-uffer the building (9).
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à Process according to any one of claims 1 to
6, caractérisé en ce qu'on régule le débit de l'air extrait hygiénique en fonction de la présence ou de l'absence d'êtres vivants dans le bâtiment (9) et/ou en fonction de l'heure et/ou pour bénéficier d'un tarif jour et/ou tarif nuit. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à6, characterized in that the flow rate of the hygienic extract air is regulated according to the presence or absence of living beings in the building (9) and / or according to the time and / or enjoy a day rate and / or night rate. Process according to any one of claims 1 to
7, caractérisé en ce qu'on régule le débit de l'air extrait hygiénique en fonction de sa teneur en dioxyde de carbone et/ou de son degré hygrométrique et/ou de sa teneur en composés organiques volatiles. 7, characterized in that regulates the flow of the hygienic extract air as a function of its carbon dioxide content and / or its hygrometric degree and / or its content of volatile organic compounds.
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des ' revendications 1 à Process according to any one of claims 1 to
8, dans lequel le froid généré à la sortie de 8, in which the cold generated at the exit of
1 'évaporateur de la pompe à chaleur est récupéré et mis à circuler dans le bâtiment pour rafraîchir celui-ci lors de surchauffes estiyaj.es.  1 evaporator of the heat pump is recovered and circulated in the building to cool it during overheating estiyaj.es.
. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à . Process according to any one of claims 1 to
9, caractérisé en ce qu'il est mis en œuvre à 9, characterized in that it is implemented in
l'intérieur d'un bâtiment (9) destiné à héberger des personnes, ledit bâtiment étant ventilé hygiéniquement au moyen d'un système d'extraction mécanique, l'air extrait hygiénique passant au travers de 1 ' évaporateur (3) de la pompe à chaleur (13). the interior of a building (9) for accommodating persons, said building being ventilated hygienically by means of a mechanical extraction system, the hygienic extract air passing through the evaporator (3) of the pump heat (13).
. Bâtiment pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un condenseur (1) de la pompe à chaleur (13) est relié à un circuit (14) de production d'eau chaude sanitaire  . Building for the implementation of the method of claim 10, characterized in that a condenser (1) of the heat pump (13) is connected to a circuit (14) for producing domestic hot water
indépendamment ou de manière conjointe avec un système existant. independently or in conjunction with an existing system.
. Bâtiment selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'un condenseur (1) de la" pompe à chaleur (13) est relié à un circuit de chauffage (18) des locaux du bâtiment (9), indépendamment ou de manière conjointe avec un chauffage existant ou d'appoint (21), le montage, qui est du type série/parallèle et/ou série et/ou parallèle, conférant la priorité à la pompe à chaleur ( 13 ) . . Building according to claim 11, characterized in that a condenser (1) of the "heat pump (13) is connected to a heating circuit (18) of the premises of the building (9), independently or jointly with a existing or auxiliary heating (21), the assembly, which is of the series / parallel and / or series and / or parallel type, giving priority to the heat pump (13).
13. Bâtiment selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de chauffage (18) du bâtiment (9) comprend un circuit d'un fluide caloporteur (18) relié en boucle à un générateur de chaleur (21) qui est relié au condenseur (1) de la pompe à chaleur (13). 13. Building according to claim 12, characterized in that the heating circuit (18) of the building (9) comprises a circuit of a coolant (18) connected in a loop to a heat generator (21) which is connected to the condenser (1) of the heat pump (13).
14. Bâtiment selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les circuits de chauffage et/ou de production d'eau chaude comprennent de l'eau comme fluide caloporteur.  14. Building according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the heating circuits and / or hot water production comprise water as heat transfer fluid.
15. Bâtiment selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il est du type à enveloppe performante.  15. Building according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it is of the high-performance envelope type.
16. Pompe à chaleur comprenant, d'une part, un circuit pour un fluide frigorigène associant un compresseur 16. A heat pump comprising, on the one hand, a circuit for a refrigerant combining a compressor
(2) , un condenseur (1), un détendeur et un évaporateur(2), a condenser (1), an expansion valve and an evaporator
(3) et, d'autre part, un dispositif· pour la circulation d'air au contact de 1 ' évaporateur, ledit dispositif comprenant une ouïe d'admission d'air (6) située en amont de 1 ' évaporateur, une ouïe d'évacuation d'air (7) située en aval de 1 'évaporateur et un ventilateur (4), caractérisée en ce que le compresseur (2) est situé entre l'ouïe d'admission d'air (6) et 1 'évaporateur(3) and, on the other hand, a device for the circulation of air in contact with the evaporator, said device comprising an air intake opening (6) located upstream of the evaporator, a hearing air outlet (7) located downstream of the evaporator and a fan (4), characterized in that the compressor (2) is located between the air inlet (6) and 1 ' evaporator
(3) . (3).
17. Pompe à chaleur selon la revendication 16,  17. Heat pump according to claim 16,
caractérisée en ce que le ventilateur (4) est disposé en aval de 1 ' évaporateur (3).  characterized in that the fan (4) is arranged downstream of the evaporator (3).
18. Pompe à chaleur selon la revendication 16 ou 17,  Heat pump according to claim 16 or 17,
caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un boîtier percé de l'ouïe d'admission et de l'ouïe d'évacuation précitées et en ce que le compresseur, le condenseur, le  characterized in that it comprises a casing pierced with the aforementioned intake and evacuation hearing and that the compressor, the condenser, the
détendeur, 1 ' évaporateur et le ventilateur sont logés dans ledit boîtier, de t«lie manière que le compresseur et 1 ' évaporateur soient situés entre les deux ouïes susdites . the regulator, the evaporator and the fan are housed in said housing, so that the compressor and the evaporator are located between the two ears above.
Pompe à chaleur selon la revendication 16,  Heat pump according to claim 16,
caractérisée en ce que le ventilateur est situé entre 1 ' évaporateur et l'ouïe d'évacuation. characterized in that the fan is located between the evaporator and the exhaust port.
PCT/BE2013/000058 2012-11-07 2013-10-30 Method for treating the sanitary air extracted from a building, building for implementing said method and heat pump WO2014071466A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2012/0751 2012-11-07
BE201200751A BE1020904A5 (en) 2012-11-07 2012-11-07 METHOD FOR RENEWING THE AIR OF A BUILDING FOR HYGIENIC PRESERVATION, BUILDING FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD AND HEAT PUMP.

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19836891C1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2000-05-04 Al Ko Therm Maschf Combined room heater and ventilator for e.g. low-energy houses has ventilator unit with heat exchanger for intake air and outlet air flows, air/water heat pump, and mixer chamber
DE20218363U1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2004-01-15 Meltem Wärmerückgewinnung GmbH & Co. KG Air exchange system for the ventilation of at least one room of a building
FR2851641A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-08-27 Astato Ventilator regulating method for building, involves determining frequency corresponding to output value and driving ventilator to velocity function of frequency such that intensity of ventilation is adapted to input parameters
DE102005002282A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-07-27 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat exchanger for heat pump circuit has at least one fluid channel in each section, comprising metal sheet of U-, V- or W-shaped cross section
DE102007025102A1 (en) * 2007-04-18 2008-10-30 Viebrockhaus Ag Heat utilizing device for building, has exhaust air heat pump utilizing exhaust air that comes from ventilated area below roof covering of building, and heating load provided for heating building
FR2941521A1 (en) * 2009-01-28 2010-07-30 Atlantic Climatisation Ventila Combined ventilation and water-heater installation for room e.g. garage, of dwelling, has air extraction system for modifying flow of extraction air for heating water based on operating state of water-heater

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19836891C1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2000-05-04 Al Ko Therm Maschf Combined room heater and ventilator for e.g. low-energy houses has ventilator unit with heat exchanger for intake air and outlet air flows, air/water heat pump, and mixer chamber
DE20218363U1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2004-01-15 Meltem Wärmerückgewinnung GmbH & Co. KG Air exchange system for the ventilation of at least one room of a building
FR2851641A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-08-27 Astato Ventilator regulating method for building, involves determining frequency corresponding to output value and driving ventilator to velocity function of frequency such that intensity of ventilation is adapted to input parameters
DE102005002282A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-07-27 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat exchanger for heat pump circuit has at least one fluid channel in each section, comprising metal sheet of U-, V- or W-shaped cross section
DE102007025102A1 (en) * 2007-04-18 2008-10-30 Viebrockhaus Ag Heat utilizing device for building, has exhaust air heat pump utilizing exhaust air that comes from ventilated area below roof covering of building, and heating load provided for heating building
FR2941521A1 (en) * 2009-01-28 2010-07-30 Atlantic Climatisation Ventila Combined ventilation and water-heater installation for room e.g. garage, of dwelling, has air extraction system for modifying flow of extraction air for heating water based on operating state of water-heater

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