WO2014065204A1 - 標準電極電位が0vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
標準電極電位が0vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014065204A1 WO2014065204A1 PCT/JP2013/078282 JP2013078282W WO2014065204A1 WO 2014065204 A1 WO2014065204 A1 WO 2014065204A1 JP 2013078282 W JP2013078282 W JP 2013078282W WO 2014065204 A1 WO2014065204 A1 WO 2014065204A1
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
- C01B17/0253—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from non-gaseous sulfur compounds other than sulfides or materials containing such sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B19/00—Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
- C01B19/02—Elemental selenium or tellurium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/13—Iodine; Hydrogen iodide
- C01B7/14—Iodine
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/16—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0084—Treating solutions
- C22B15/0089—Treating solutions by chemical methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/125—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising aliphatic main chains, e.g. polyactylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/60—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing particles of an element from an ion of an element having a standard electrode potential higher than 0 V, which is present in a protic solvent solution, using polysilane that is hardly soluble in a protic solvent.
- polysilane In polysilane, ⁇ electrons constituting the Si—Si bond of the main chain are delocalized throughout the main chain skeleton like carbon-conjugated ⁇ electrons. From this feature, polysilane is expected as a conductive material or an optical semiconductor.
- solvent-soluble polysilanes such as poly (methylphenylsilane) have also been used as transition metal carriers.
- polysilane and a transition metal compound are dissolved or suspended in a good solvent of polysilane, mixed in the presence or absence of a reducing agent, and then a poor solvent for polysilane is gradually added to phase.
- a method for obtaining metal particles from metal ions a method for obtaining metal particles by electrolyzing a metal salt solution and a method for obtaining metal particles by adding a reducing agent to the metal salt solution are known.
- a reducing agent it is generally necessary to use an aprotic solvent. This is because the reducing agent and the protic solvent are very reactive, so that when the protic solvent is used, not only the metal cannot be reduced but also the reducing agent is decomposed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of obtaining metal particles using water which is a protic solvent.
- micelles obtained by using a block copolymer of a hydrophilic polymer and polysilane, the hydrophilic micelle having a polysilane on the inner surface and having a shell portion cross-linked as a reducing agent, are used as an aqueous medium.
- This is a method for producing metal nano monodisperse particles by reducing metal ions therein.
- the hydrophilic micelle reacts with a protic solvent and exhibits water solubility.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for very easily producing particles of an element from an ion of an element having a standard electrode potential in a protic solvent solution larger than 0 V.
- the present invention relates to the following.
- a protic solvent solution containing at least one kind of standard electrode potential of an element having an ion greater than 0 V and a protic solvent is mixed with polysilane that is hardly soluble in the protic solvent, and the standard electrode potential is mixed.
- the element is selected from the group consisting of gold, mercury, silver, rhodium, palladium, iodine, platinum, germanium, sulfur, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, rhenium, copper, tellurium, lead, arsenic, and bismuth.
- the element is at least one selected from the group consisting of gold, mercury, silver, rhodium, iodine, platinum, germanium, sulfur, ruthenium, and bismuth, and particles of the element adsorbed on the polysilane are used.
- a polysilane complex of an element having a standard electrode potential greater than 0V is selected from the group consisting of gold, mercury, silver, rhodium, palladium, iodine, platinum, germanium, sulfur, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, rhenium, copper, tellurium, lead, arsenic, and bismuth.
- the particles can be efficiently and simply produced from the ions simply by adding the above and bringing the ions into contact with the polysilane.
- the protic solvent solution contains ions of an element having a standard electrode potential of 0 V or less and ions of an element having a standard electrode potential of greater than 0 V, the element having a standard electrode potential of greater than 0 V
- the particles can be selectively produced.
- particles of an element having a standard electrode potential greater than 0V are adsorbed to polysilane which is hardly soluble in a protic solvent. ing. Therefore, by baking and removing polysilane from the composite, the particles of the element can be recovered in a state separated from the polysilane.
- the present inventor uses a polysilane that is sparingly soluble in a protic solvent as a reducing agent, so that the standard electrode potential is larger than 0 V in the protic solvent solution.
- the inventors have found that particles can be obtained directly from elemental ions, and have completed the present invention.
- the method for producing particles of an element having a standard electrode potential greater than 0 V according to the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “the method for producing particles according to the present invention”) is used as a protic solvent in a protic solvent solution.
- the method for producing particles according to the present invention is used as a protic solvent in a protic solvent solution.
- particles of the element are produced from ions of an element having at least one standard electrode potential higher than 0 V by using hardly soluble polysilane. Since the hardly soluble polysilane has a reducing function, ions of the element are reduced by the polysilane in the protic solvent solution, whereby particles of the element are produced.
- the polysilane used in the method for producing particles according to the present invention is hardly soluble in a protic solvent.
- “slightly soluble in a protic solvent” specifically means that the solubility in water at room temperature is less than 1% by weight.
- a polysilane that is sparingly soluble in a protic solvent (hereinafter referred to as “slightly soluble polysilane”) is an element (hereinafter referred to as “element A”) having a standard electrode potential greater than 0 V that is a target for ionization of ions.
- hardly soluble polysilane those which are hardly soluble in alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and butanol; water; and mixed solvents thereof are preferable, and methanol, ethanol, water, and mixed solvents thereof. It is more preferable that it is sparingly soluble.
- the hardly soluble polysilane used in the method for producing particles according to the present invention may be various polysilanes having a Si—Si bond, such as linear, cyclic, branched, and network.
- the hardly soluble polysilane may be a homopolymer or a copolymer.
- only one kind of poorly soluble polysilane may be used, or two or more kinds of hardly soluble polysilane may be used in combination.
- Examples of the hardly soluble polysilane used in the method for producing particles according to the present invention include a structure represented by one or more formulas selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (a) to (c) and formula (d):
- a polysilane having only a structure represented by one or more formulas selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (a) to (c) and formula (d) is preferred.
- the polysilane consisting only of the structure represented by the general formula (a) is a cyclic polysilane.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 6 are each independently an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group.
- the alkyl group may be a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group, It may be a cyclic alkyl group.
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 6 is an aryl group
- the aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the polycyclic aryl group as long as at least one ring is an aromatic ring, the remaining ring may be a saturated ring, an unsaturated ring, or an aromatic ring.
- the aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indanyl group, or a tetralinyl group, and further preferably a phenyl group.
- the hardly soluble polysilane used in the method for producing particles according to the present invention is, in particular, dimethylpolysilane, diphenylpolysilane, a polymer of diphenylsilane and monophenylsilane, a polymer of dimethylsilane and diphenylsilane, or a mixture thereof.
- the weight average molecular weight of the hardly soluble polysilane used in the method for producing particles according to the present invention is about from the viewpoint of the efficiency of atomization of the target element A, the ease of recovery of the hardly soluble polysilane adsorbing the particles, etc. 1000 to about 10,000 is preferred.
- the weight average molecular weight is obtained by standard polystyrene conversion by gel permeation chromatographic analysis or ultra-high temperature gel permeation chromatographic analysis.
- the element A to be ionized is an element having a standard electrode potential larger than 0V.
- the standard electrode potential means an electromotive force in a standard state of a battery manufactured by combining a standard hydrogen electrode and an electrode to be measured.
- metals copper (0.340V), technetium (0.400V), niobium (0.65V), nickel (0.116V), ruthenium (0.680V) Rhodium (0.758V), palladium (0.915V), silver (0.799V), rhenium (0.220V), osmium (0.687V), platinum (0.744V), iridium (0.86V), Gold (1.002V), mercury (0.796V), lead (0.249V) can be mentioned.
- Metalloids with standard electrode potentials greater than 0V include germanium (0.247V), arsenic (0.248V), antimony (0.1504V), selenium (0.739V), bismuth (0.317V), tellurium ( 0.521V) and polonium (0.368V).
- Elements other than metals and metalloids whose standard electrode potential is greater than 0V include halogens such as iodine (1.195V), bromine (1.604V), chlorine (1.630V), and sulfur (0.500V). Can be mentioned.
- an element having a standard electrode potential of 0.2 V or more is preferable among the elements A, and an element larger than 0.7 V is more preferable.
- the ion of element A in the protic solvent solution may form a salt or a complex.
- the salt or complex include copper acetate (I), copper acetate (II), copper bromide (I), copper bromide (II), copper chloride (I), copper chloride (II), copper iodide ( I), copper (II) iodide, copper (II) nitrate, bis (2,4-pentandionate) copper (II), potassium tetrachlorocopper (II), ruthenium (III) chloride, ruthenium oxide (VIII) ), Potassium perruthenate (VII), sodium perruthenate (VII), rhodium acetate (II), rhodium chloride (III), rhodium nitrate (III), bis (1,5-cyclooctadiene) - ⁇ , ⁇ '-Dichlororhodium, tris (triphenylphosphine) rh
- a protic solvent solution containing ions of element A and to which poorly soluble polysilane is added is obtained by mixing a solid or liquid sample containing a salt or complex of element A with an appropriate protic solvent, for example. It can be prepared by dissolving.
- the protic solvent only needs to be liquid in the step of forming particles of the element A with the hardly soluble polysilane.
- the type of the element A ions and impurities It is appropriately selected and used in consideration of the presence / absence, type, and the like.
- the protic solvent include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol; water; and a mixed solvent thereof.
- Element A is preferably dissolved in a protic solvent solution. Therefore, for example, when a sample containing the element A is solid or when the element A is dispersed in a liquid sample, the sample is dissolved or diluted in a protic solvent in which the element A can be dissolved. It is preferable to add hardly soluble polysilane to the solution obtained in this manner.
- a hardly soluble polysilane is added to a protic solvent solution containing ions of the element A, and the hardly soluble polysilane is dispersed in the solution.
- the hardly-soluble polysilane comes into contact with the ions of the element A and reduces them to produce the particles of the element A.
- the element A can be efficiently formed into particles. For this reason, it is preferable to stir the solution after addition of the hardly soluble polysilane.
- the solution after addition of the hardly soluble polysilane is preferably incubated for a certain period of time.
- the incubation time is appropriately determined in consideration of the total amount of the solution, the amount of poorly soluble polysilane added, the expected amount of element A present in the solution, and the like. For example, by adding the hardly soluble polysilane and incubating at room temperature for 5 minutes to 3 hours, the ions of the element A can be more efficiently reduced to produce particles of the element.
- the addition amount of the hardly soluble polysilane is preferably 10 to 100% by weight, more preferably 20 to 40% by weight with respect to 1% by weight of the element A solution from the viewpoint of adsorptivity.
- the particles to be granulated in the method for producing particles according to the present invention may be one type of element A ion or two or more types of element A ions.
- the element A ions are formed into particles in the protic solvent solution by the hardly soluble polysilane, the ions of the elements having a standard electrode potential of 0 V or less are not formed into particles.
- a protic solvent solution containing ions of various elements for example, at least one ion of element A and at least one standard electrode potential of 0 V.
- Elemental A particles can be selectively produced from a protic solvent solution containing all the ions of the following elements.
- the element having the standard electrode potential of 0 V or less include potassium (-2.92 V), calcium (-2.84 V), sodium (-2.71 V), titanium ( ⁇ 1.74 V), zinc ( ⁇ 0. 76V), chromium ( ⁇ 0.73V), cobalt ( ⁇ 0.27V), nickel ( ⁇ 0.23V), tin ( ⁇ 0.14V) and the like.
- the particles of element A obtained by reduction aggregate When the element A is an element having a relatively high specific gravity, such as a transition metal or a semimetal, the particles of the element A are precipitated. For this reason, the particle
- the produced particles of the element A can be adsorbed on the hardly soluble polysilane.
- the element A is an element having a relatively low specific gravity, such as sulfur, the particles of the element A can be easily recovered by adsorbing the hardly soluble polysilane.
- the hardly soluble polysilane is dimethylpolysilane, it is preferable that palladium is not selected as the element A.
- the element A is at least one selected from the group consisting of gold, mercury, silver, rhodium, iodine, platinum, germanium, sulfur, ruthenium, and bismuth, more preferably gold, silver, rhodium, iodine, platinum, germanium.
- the particles of the element A can be more easily adsorbed to the hardly soluble polysilane.
- the polysilane on which the particles of the element A are adsorbed is also dissolved in the solution. Therefore, in order to recover the polysilane on which the particles of the element A are adsorbed, a poor solvent It is necessary to make it precipitate or insolubilize by adding, for example.
- the poorly soluble polysilane is used instead of the polysilane soluble in the protic solvent solution, the hardly soluble polysilane in which the element A particles are adsorbed (the element A particles and the hardly soluble polysilane).
- the composite is dispersed in a solution and can be easily recovered by a simple solid-liquid separation process such as a filtration process.
- the composite of the element A particles and the hardly soluble polysilane can be applied to various applications.
- the element A is a transition metal, metalloid, or halogen
- the composite of the element A particles and the hardly soluble polysilane may be used as an additive for improving electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and photoconductivity.
- element A has catalytic ability, it is conceivable to use a complex of element A particles and poorly soluble polysilane as a catalyst.
- the element A particles from which the hardly soluble polysilane is removed can be obtained by firing the complex of the element A particles and the hardly soluble polysilane and decomposing the hardly soluble polysilane in the composite.
- the hardly soluble polysilane can be decomposed by drying the composite of the element A particles and the hardly soluble polysilane collected by filtration or the like of the solution after the formation of particles, followed by combustion treatment.
- the method for producing particles according to the present invention is suitable for the recovery of element A contained in factory effluents, daily effluents, etc., because it is possible to atomize element A present as ions in a protic solvent. is there. Moreover, it is suitable also for collection
- ⁇ Measurement of recovery (adsorption) amount of element A The amount of element A in the solution (the filtrate after filtering the solid matter) after separating the hardly soluble polysilane and the element A particles after the ionization of the element A into particles is determined using the ICP emission analyzer IRIS Intrepid II XDL ( (Thermo Elemental). A value obtained by subtracting the measured value obtained from the amount of element A present in the solution before addition of the hardly soluble polysilane was calculated as the recovery (adsorption) amount of element A.
- Example 1 Polydimethylsilane (25.10 g) and a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold (1776.81 g, 1776.81 mg as gold, prepared by dissolving chloroauric acid in hydrochloric acid) were added to the flask. The flask was stirred at room temperature for 2 weeks. By the stirring, a gold precipitate was generated at the bottom of the flask. The solution was separated from the bottom in the order of gold precipitate, liquid portion, and polydimethylsilane powder. A mixture of gold precipitate and liquid portion was extracted from the lower part of the solution, and the gold precipitate and liquid portion were separated by filtration.
- the liquid part and the polydimethylsilane powder were separated by filtration from the remaining part of the solution.
- the gold precipitate and the polydimethylsilane powder were dried at 60 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a gold precipitate (1167.24 mg) and a purple powder (23.72 g).
- the recovery rate of the gold precipitate was 66%.
- the gold adsorption amount was 122 ⁇ mol / g, and the recovery rate of gold in the purple powder was 34%.
- Example 2 Polydimethylsilane (5.13 g) and a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold (20.10 g, 20.10 mg as gold, prepared by dissolving chloroauric acid in hydrochloric acid) were added to the flask. Methanol (50 mL) was added dropwise to the flask with stirring under ice cooling under a nitrogen stream. The solution in the flask was returned to room temperature and then stirred for 90 minutes. The solution was then filtered and the collected powder was washed 3 times with methanol (5 mL). This powder was dried at 60 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a purple powder (5.10 g).
- the amount of gold in the filtrate after powder recovery was measured, and the decrease from the amount before addition of polydimethylsilane (the amount adsorbed on polydimethylsilane) was calculated.
- Table 1 shows the gold adsorption amount of the obtained powder and the gold recovery rate.
- the obtained powder was subjected to wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by the measurement is shown in FIG. 1, and the result of the crystallite volume distribution representing the ratio of the volume to the crystallite diameter at the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 38.17 ° and the plane index (111) is shown.
- FIG. From the X-ray diffraction pattern shown in FIG.
- the measured powder was a composite containing gold particles. Further, from the result of the crystallite volume distribution in the plane index (111) shown in FIG. 2, it was confirmed that the recurrent value of the gold particle diameter was 9 nm, the average value was 54 nm, and the median value was 30 nm.
- Example 3 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.09 g, and instead of the 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of platinum (20.12 g, 20.12 mg as platinum, prepared by dissolving chloroplatinic acid in hydrochloric acid), 66 A gray powder (5.02 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that stirring was performed for a period of time. Table 1 shows the platinum adsorption amount of the obtained powder and the platinum recovery rate.
- Example 4 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.18 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of silver (20.09 g, 20.09 mg as silver, prepared by dissolving silver nitrate in nitric acid) was used and stirred for 24 hours. A yellow powder (5.12 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that. Table 1 shows the silver adsorption amount and silver recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 5 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.09 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of mercury (20.22 g, 20.22 mg as mercury, prepared by dissolving mercury chloride in nitric acid) was used. A white powder (5.05 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Table 1 shows the mercury adsorption amount and mercury recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 6 The amount of polydimethylsilane used is 5.05 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of rhodium (20.06 g, 20.06 mg as rhodium, prepared by dissolving rhodium chloride in hydrochloric acid) is used for 24 hours.
- a gray powder (5.05 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring. Table 1 shows the rhodium adsorption amount and rhodium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 7 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.21 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1269 ppm aqueous solution of iodine (20.21 g, 25.65 mg of iodine, prepared by dissolving potassium iodide in water) was used. In the same manner as in Example 2, a pale yellow powder (5.17 g) was obtained. Table 1 shows the iodine adsorption amount and iodine recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 8 The amount of polydimethylsilane used is 5.09 g, and a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of bismuth (20.21 g, 20.12 mg as bismuth, prepared by dissolving bismuth nitrate in nitric acid) is used for 24 hours.
- a white powder (5.10 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring.
- Table 1 shows the bismuth adsorption amount and the bismuth recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 9 The amount of polydimethylsilane used is 5.07 g, and a 1010 ppm aqueous solution of germanium (20.17 g, 20.37 mg as germanium, prepared by dissolving germanium oxide in hydrochloric acid) is used for 24 hours instead of the 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold.
- a white powder (5.02 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring. Table 1 shows the germanium adsorption amount of the obtained powder and the recovery rate of germanium.
- Example 10 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.02 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of sulfur (20.05 g, 20.05 mg of sulfur, prepared by dissolving sodium sulfate in water) was used for 24 hours. A white powder (5.02 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring. Table 1 shows the sulfur adsorption amount and sulfur recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 11 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.02 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of ruthenium (20.06 g, 20.06 mg as ruthenium, prepared by dissolving ruthenium oxide in hydrochloric acid) was used for 24 hours. A gray powder (5.03 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring. Table 1 shows the ruthenium adsorption amount and ruthenium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 12 The amount of polydimethylsilane used is 5.07 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of osmium (20.47 g, 20.47 mg as osmium, prepared by dissolving osmium oxide in water) is used for 24 hours.
- a gray powder (5.03 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring. Table 1 shows the osmium adsorption amount and osmium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 13 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.17 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1100 ppm aqueous solution of iridium (20.14 g, 22.15 mg as iridium, prepared by dissolving iridium chloride in water) for 24 hours A white powder (5.13 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring. Table 1 shows the iridium adsorption amount and the iridium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 14 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.08 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1280 ppm aqueous solution of rhenium (20.31 g, 26.00 mg of rhenium, prepared by dissolving potassium perrhenate in hydrochloric acid), A white powder (5.13 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring for 24 hours. Table 1 shows the rhenium adsorption amount and rhenium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 15 The amount of polydimethylsilane used is 5.11 g, and a 1010 ppm aqueous solution of copper (20.07 g, 20.27 mg as copper, prepared by dissolving copper acetate in acetic acid) is used instead of the 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold for 24 hours.
- a white powder (5.13 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring. Table 1 shows the copper adsorption amount of the obtained powder and the copper recovery rate.
- Example 16 The amount of polydimethylsilane used is 5.25 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1230 ppm aqueous solution of tellurium (20.29 g, 24.96 mg of tellurium, prepared by dissolving tellurium oxide in hydrochloric acid) is used for 24 hours. A gray powder (5.21 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring. Table 1 shows the tellurium adsorption amount of the obtained powder and the tellurium recovery rate.
- Example 17 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.41 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of lead (20.76 g, 20.76 mg of lead, prepared by dissolving lead nitrate in nitric acid) was used. A white powder (5.40 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Table 1 shows the lead adsorption amount and lead recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 18 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.05 g, and instead of the 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, an arsenic 1060 ppm aqueous solution (20.40 g, 21.62 mg as arsenic, prepared by dissolving sodium metaarsenite in water) was used. A white powder (5.03 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except for stirring for 24 hours. Table 1 shows the arsenic adsorption amount and the arsenic recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 19 Except that the amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.14 g and a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of palladium (20.31 g, 20.31 mg as palladium, prepared by dissolving palladium chloride in hydrochloric acid) instead of the 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, A gray powder (5.11 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. Table 1 shows the palladium adsorption amount and palladium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 20 The amount of polydimethylsilane used was 5.18 g, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold, an aqueous solution containing gold and sodium (standard electrode potential: -2.714 V) (20.18 g, 9.89 mg as gold and 10.8 mg as sodium).
- a purple powder (5.16 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 29 mg, prepared by dissolving chloroauric acid and sodium chloride in hydrochloric acid, and stirring for 24 hours was used.
- Table 1 shows the amount of gold and sodium adsorbed on the powder and the recovery rate of gold and sodium.
- Example 21 Use polydiphenylsilane (15.55 g) instead of polydimethylsilane, and replace 1000 ppm of gold with 1000 ppm of palladium (20.35 g, 20.35 mg as palladium, prepared by dissolving palladium chloride in hydrochloric acid).
- a gray powder (15.13 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that it was used.
- Table 1 shows the palladium adsorption amount and palladium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- polysilane (e) represented by the following formula (e) (50:50 mol% polymer of diphenylsilane and monophenylsilane) (5.07 g) is used and replaced with a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold.
- a 100 ppm aqueous solution of palladium (20.16 g, 2.02 mg as palladium, prepared by dissolving palladium chloride in hydrochloric acid) and stirring for 24 hours a gray powder (5.02 g ) Table 1 shows the palladium adsorption amount and palladium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- polysilane (f) represented by the following formula (f) (a 50:50 mol% polymer of dimethylsilane and diphenylsilane) (5.03 g) was used, and instead of a 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold.
- a gray powder (5.02 g) as in Example 2 except that a 100 ppm aqueous solution of palladium (20.20 g, 2.02 mg as palladium, prepared by dissolving palladium chloride in hydrochloric acid) was used and stirred for 24 hours.
- Table 1 shows the palladium adsorption amount and palladium recovery rate of the obtained powder.
- Example 24 Prepared by using polydiphenylsilane (5.00 g) instead of polydimethylsilane, 90 ppm aqueous gold (20.43 g, 1.84 mg as gold, and chloroauric acid dissolved in hydrochloric acid instead of 1000 ppm aqueous gold ) And a purple powder (4.98 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the mixture was stirred for 24 hours.
- Table 1 shows the gold adsorption amount of the obtained powder and the gold recovery rate.
- Example 25 The polysilane (e) (5.03 g) was used in place of polydimethylsilane, a 90 ppm aqueous solution of gold (20.27 g, 1.82 mg as gold, and chloroauric acid was dissolved in hydrochloric acid instead of the 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold. And a purple powder (4.93 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the mixture was stirred for 24 hours. Table 1 shows the gold adsorption amount of the obtained powder and the gold recovery rate.
- Example 26 The polysilane (f) (5.01 g) was used in place of polydimethylsilane, a 90 ppm aqueous solution of gold (20.47 g, 1.84 mg as gold, chloroauric acid was dissolved in hydrochloric acid instead of the 1000 ppm aqueous solution of gold. And a purple powder (5.01 g) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the mixture was stirred for 24 hours. Table 1 shows the gold adsorption amount of the obtained powder and the gold recovery rate.
- these elements having a standard electrode potential of 0.2 V or more are reduced with polydimethylsilane in a protic solvent solution such as water or methanol, and the resulting particles are polycrystallized. It could be adsorbed on dimethylsilane.
- the gold particles could be recovered as a precipitate independent of polydimethylsilane.
- gold, platinum, silver, rhodium, iodine, germanium, ruthenium, osmium, and palladium had a very high recovery rate.
- Example 20 when the protic solvent solution contains ions of elements whose standard electrode potential is 0 V or less and ions of elements whose standard electrode potential is greater than 0 V, the standard electrode potential is It has been found that particles of elements larger than 0V can be selectively produced. Furthermore, when Examples 19, 21, 22, and 23 were compared, polydimethylsilane, a polymer of diphenylsilane and monophenylsilane, and a polymer of dimethylsilane and diphenylsilane had a higher palladium recovery rate than polydiphenylsilane. It was clearly high, and it was also found that the recovery rate differs depending on the kind of poorly soluble polysilane.
- the method for producing particles according to the present invention and an element having a standard electrode potential greater than 0V
- the composite of particles and polysilane can be used in fields such as recovery of useful elements from waste water and water collected from nature, purification treatment, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年10月24日に日本に出願された特願2012-234989号及び2013年1月28日に日本に出願された特願2013-013232号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(1)少なくとも1種の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素のイオン及びプロトン性溶媒を含むプロトン性溶媒溶液と、前記プロトン性溶媒に対して難溶性のポリシランとを混合し、前記標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素のイオンから、当該元素の粒子を製造することを特徴とする、標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
(2)前記元素の標準電極電位が0.2V以上である、前記(1)に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
(3)前記元素が、金、水銀、銀、ロジウム、パラジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、硫黄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、レニウム、銅、テルル、鉛、ひ素、及びビスマスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、前記(2)に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
(4)前記元素が、金、水銀、銀、ロジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、硫黄、ルテニウム、及びビスマスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、前記ポリシランに吸着した前記元素の粒子を回収する工程を更に含む、前記(3)に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
(5)前記ポリシランに吸着した前記元素の粒子を燃焼処理し、前記ポリシランが除去された粒子を得る工程を更に含む、前記(4)に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
(6)前記プロトン性溶媒溶液が、少なくとも1種の標準電極電位が0V以下の元素のイオンを更に含む、前記(1)~(5)のいずれか一項に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
(7)プロトン性溶媒に対して難溶性のポリシランに、少なくとも1種の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素(ただし、前記ポリシランがジメチルポリシランの場合には、前記元素にパラジウムは含まれない。)の粒子が吸着されていることを特徴とする、標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子とポリシランの複合体。
(8)前記元素が、金、水銀、銀、ロジウム、パラジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、硫黄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、レニウム、銅、テルル、鉛、ひ素、及びビスマスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、前記(7)に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子とポリシランの複合体。
さらに、本発明に係る標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子とポリシランの複合体は、プロトン性溶媒に対して難溶性のポリシランに、標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子が吸着されている。そこで、当該複合体からポリシランを焼成除去することにより、ポリシランから分離した状態で前記元素の粒子を回収することができる。
標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素のうち、金属としては、銅(0.340V)、テクネチウム(0.400V)、ニオブ(0.65V)、ニッケル(0.116V)、ルテニウム(0.680V)、ロジウム(0.758V)、パラジウム(0.915V)、銀(0.799V)、レニウム(0.220V)、オスミウム(0.687V)、白金(0.744V)、イリジウム(0.86V)、金(1.002V)、水銀(0.796V)、鉛(0.249V)が挙げられる。標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい半金属としては、ゲルマニウム(0.247V)、ひ素(0.248V)、アンチモン(0.1504V)、セレン(0.739V)、ビスマス(0.317V)、テルル(0.521V)、ポロニウム(0.368V)が挙げられる。金属及び半金属以外の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素としては、ヨウ素(1.195V)、臭素(1.604V)、塩素(1.630V)等のハロゲンや、硫黄(0.500V)が挙げられる。本発明に係る粒子の製造方法の粒子化対象としては、元素Aのうち、標準電極電位が0.2V以上である元素が好ましく、0.7Vよりも大きい元素がより好ましい。具体的には、金、水銀、銀、ロジウム、パラジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、硫黄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、レニウム、銅、テルル、鉛、ひ素、及びビスマスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、金、白金、銀、ロジウム、ヨウ素、ゲルマニウム、ルテニウム、オスミウム、及びパラジウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることがより好ましく、金、白金、銀、ロジウム、ヨウ素、ゲルマニウム、及びパラジウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることがより更に好ましい。
前記難溶性ポリシランの添加量は、吸着性の観点から、1重量%の元素A溶液に対して、10~100重量%であることが好ましく、20~40重量%であることがより好ましい。
前記標準電極電位が0V以下の元素として、例えば、カリウム(-2.92V)、カルシウム(-2.84V)、ナトリウム(-2.71V)、チタン(-1.74V)、亜鉛(-0.76V)、クロム(-0.73V)、コバルト(-0.27V)、ニッケル(-0.23V)、錫(-0.14V)等が挙げられる。
元素Aとして、金、水銀、銀、ロジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、硫黄、ルテニウム、及びビスマスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種、より好ましくは、金、銀、ロジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、及びルテニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を使用した場合に、より容易に元素Aの粒子を難溶性ポリシランに吸着させることができる。
元素Aのイオンを粒子化後に、難溶性ポリシランと元素Aの粒子とを濾別した後の溶液(固形物を濾過後の濾液)の元素Aの量を、ICP発光分析装置IRIS Intrepid II XDL(Thermo Elemental社製)により測定した。難溶性ポリシラン添加前に溶液中に存在していた元素Aの量から得られた測定値を差し引いた値を、元素Aの回収(吸着)量として算出した。
ポリジメチルシラン(25.10g)と金の1000ppm水溶液(1776.81g、金として1776.81mg、塩化金酸を塩酸に溶解して調製)をフラスコに加えた。当該フラスコを、室温で2週間撹拌した。当該撹拌により、フラスコ下部に金の沈殿が発生した。当該溶液は下部から、金の沈殿、液体部分、ポリジメチルシラン粉末の順に分離していた。溶液下部から金の沈殿と液体部分の混在物を抜き出し、濾過により金の沈殿と液体部分を濾別した。次いで、溶液の残存部から、濾過により液体部分とポリジメチルシラン粉末を濾別した。この金の沈殿とポリジメチルシラン粉末を減圧下60℃で乾燥して、金の沈殿(1167.24mg)と紫色粉末(23.72g)を得た。この結果、金の沈殿の回収率は66%であった。また、金の沈殿及びポリジメチルシラン粉末回収後の濾液中の金の量を測定し、ポリジメチルシラン添加前の量からの減少分(沈殿した量)を算出したところ、得られた紫色粉末の金吸着量は122μmol/gで、当該紫色粉末中の金の回収率は34%であった。
ポリジメチルシラン(5.13g)と金の1000ppm水溶液(20.10g、金として20.10mg、塩化金酸を塩酸に溶解して調製)をフラスコに加えた。当該フラスコに、窒素気流下、氷冷で攪拌しながらメタノール(50mL)を滴下した。当該フラスコ内の溶液を室温に戻した後、90分間撹拌した。次いで、当該溶液を濾過し、回収した粉末をメタノール(5mL)で3回洗浄した。この粉末を減圧下60℃で乾燥して、紫色粉末(5.10g)を得た。粉末回収後の濾液中の金の量を測定し、ポリジメチルシラン添加前の量からの減少分(ポリジメチルシランに吸着した量)を算出した。得られた粉末の金吸着量と金の回収率を表1に示す。
当該測定により得られたX線回析パターンを図1に示し、回析角2θが38.17°、面指数(111)における結晶子の直径に対する体積の比率を表す結晶子体積分布の結果を図2に示す。
図1に示されるX線回析パターンより、測定された粉末は金粒子を含む複合体であることが確認された。また、図2に示される面指数(111)における結晶子体積分布の結果より、金粒子直径の再頻値が9nm、平均値が54nm、中央値が30nmであることが確認された。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.09gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて白金の1000ppm水溶液(20.12g、白金として20.12mg、塩化白金酸を塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、66時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(5.02g)を得た。得られた粉末の白金吸着量と白金の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.18gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて銀の1000ppm水溶液(20.09g、銀として20.09mg、硝酸銀を硝酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして黄色粉末(5.12g)を得た。得られた粉末の銀吸着量と銀の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.09gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて水銀の1000ppm水溶液(20.22g、水銀として20.22mg、塩化水銀を硝酸に溶解して調製)を使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.05g)を得た。得られた粉末の水銀吸着量と水銀の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.05gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてロジウムの1000ppm水溶液(20.06g、ロジウムとして20.06mg、塩化ロジウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(5.05g)を得た。得られた粉末のロジウム吸着量とロジウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.21gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてヨウ素の1269ppm水溶液(20.21g、ヨウ素として25.65mg、ヨウ化カリウムを水に溶解して調製)を使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして淡黄色粉末(5.17g)を得た。得られた粉末のヨウ素吸着量とヨウ素の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.09gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてビスマスの1000ppm水溶液(20.21g、ビスマスとして20.12mg、硝酸ビスマスを硝酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.10g)を得た。得られた粉末のビスマス吸着量とビスマスの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.07gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてゲルマニウムの1010ppm水溶液(20.17g、ゲルマニウムとして20.37mg、酸化ゲルマニウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.02g)を得た。得られた粉末のゲルマニウム吸着量とゲルマニウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.02gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて硫黄の1000ppm水溶液(20.05g、硫黄として20.05mg、硫酸ナトリウムを水に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.02g)を得た。得られた粉末の硫黄吸着量と硫黄の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.02gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてルテニウムの1000ppm水溶液(20.06g、ルテニウムとして20.06mg、酸化ルテニウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(5.03g)を得た。得られた粉末のルテニウム吸着量とルテニウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.07gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてオスミウムの1000ppm水溶液(20.47g、オスミウムとして20.47mg、酸化オスミウムを水に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(5.03g)を得た。得られた粉末のオスミウム吸着量とオスミウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.17gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてイリジウムの1100ppm水溶液(20.14g、イリジウムとして22.15mg、塩化イリジウムを水に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.13g)を得た。得られた粉末のイリジウム吸着量とイリジウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.08gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてレニウムの1280ppm水溶液(20.31g、レニウムとして26.00mg、過レニウム酸カリウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.13g)を得た。得られた粉末のレニウム吸着量とレニウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.11gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて銅の1010ppm水溶液(20.07g、銅として20.27mg、酢酸銅を酢酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.13g)を得た。得られた粉末の銅吸着量と銅の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.25gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてテルルの1230ppm水溶液(20.29g、テルルとして24.96mg、酸化テルルを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(5.21g)を得た。得られた粉末のテルル吸着量とテルルの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.41gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて鉛の1000ppm水溶液(20.76g、鉛として20.76mg、硝酸鉛を硝酸に溶解して調製)を使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.40g)を得た。得られた粉末の鉛吸着量と鉛の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.05gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてひ素の1060ppm水溶液(20.40g、ひ素として21.62mg、メタ亜ひ素酸ナトリウムを水に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして白色粉末(5.03g)を得た。得られた粉末のひ素吸着量とひ素の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.14gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてパラジウムの1000ppm水溶液(20.31g、パラジウムとして20.31mg、塩化パラジウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(5.11g)を得た。得られた粉末のパラジウム吸着量とパラジウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランの使用量を5.18gとし、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて金とナトリウム(標準電極電位:-2.714V)の含有水溶液(20.18g、金として9.89mgとナトリウムとして10.29mg含有、塩化金酸と塩化ナトリウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして紫色粉末(5.16g)を得た。得られた粉末の金及びナトリウム吸着量と金及びナトリウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランに代えてポリジフェニルシラン(15.55g)使用し、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてパラジウムの1000ppm水溶液(20.35g、パラジウムとして20.35mg、塩化パラジウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(15.13g)を得た。得られた粉末のパラジウム吸着量とパラジウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランに代えて下記式(e)で表されるポリシラン(e)(ジフェニルシランとモノフェニルシランの50:50モル%のポリマー)(5.07g)を使用し、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてパラジウムの100ppm水溶液(20.16g、パラジウムとして2.02mg、塩化パラジウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(5.02g)を得た。得られた粉末のパラジウム吸着量とパラジウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランに代えて下記式(f)で表されるポリシラン(f)(ジメチルシランとジフェニルシランの50:50モル%のポリマー)(5.03g)を使用し、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えてパラジウムの100ppm水溶液(20.20g、パラジウムとして2.02mg、塩化パラジウムを塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして灰色粉末(5.02g)を得た。得られた粉末のパラジウム吸着量とパラジウムの回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランに代えてポリジフェニルシラン(5.00g)を使用し、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて金の90ppm水溶液(20.43g、金として1.84mg、塩化金酸を塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして紫色粉末(4.98g)を得た。得られた粉末の金吸着量と金の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランに代えて前記ポリシラン(e)(5.03g)を使用し、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて金の90ppm水溶液(20.27g、金として1.82mg、塩化金酸を塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして紫色粉末(4.93g)を得た。得られた粉末の金吸着量と金の回収率を表1に示す。
ポリジメチルシランに代えて前記ポリシラン(f)(5.01g)を使用し、金の1000ppm水溶液に代えて金の90ppm水溶液(20.47g、金として1.84mg、塩化金酸を塩酸に溶解して調製)を使用し、24時間撹拌した以外は、実施例2と同様にして紫色粉末(5.01g)を得た。得られた粉末の金吸着量と金の回収率を表1に示す。
Claims (8)
- 少なくとも1種の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素のイオン及びプロトン性溶媒を含むプロトン性溶媒溶液と、前記プロトン性溶媒に対して難溶性のポリシランとを混合し、前記標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素のイオンから、当該元素の粒子を製造することを特徴とする、標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
- 前記元素の標準電極電位が0.2V以上である、請求項1に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
- 前記元素が、金、水銀、銀、ロジウム、パラジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、硫黄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、レニウム、銅、テルル、鉛、ひ素、及びビスマスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項2に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
- 前記元素が、金、水銀、銀、ロジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、硫黄、ルテニウム、及びビスマスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、前記ポリシランに吸着した前記元素の粒子を回収する工程を更に含む、請求項3に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
- 前記ポリシランに吸着した前記元素の粒子を燃焼処理し、前記ポリシランが除去された粒子を得る工程を更に含む、請求項4に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
- 前記プロトン性溶媒溶液が、少なくとも1種の標準電極電位が0V以下の元素のイオンを更に含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法。
- プロトン性溶媒に対して難溶性のポリシランに、少なくとも1種の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素(ただし、前記ポリシランがジメチルポリシランの場合には、前記元素にパラジウムは含まれない。)の粒子が吸着されていることを特徴とする、標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子とポリシランの複合体。
- 前記元素が、金、水銀、銀、ロジウム、パラジウム、ヨウ素、白金、ゲルマニウム、硫黄、ルテニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、レニウム、銅、テルル、鉛、ひ素、及びビスマスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項7に記載の標準電極電位が0Vよりも大きい元素の粒子とポリシランの複合体。
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EP13848254.2A EP2913127B1 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-18 | Production method for particles of element having standard electrode potential greater than 0v |
CN201380054506.4A CN104736275A (zh) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-18 | 标准电极电位大于0v的元素的粒子的制造方法 |
JP2014543266A JP5876936B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-18 | 標準電極電位が0vよりも大きい元素の粒子の製造方法 |
US14/435,044 US9928945B2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-18 | Production method for particles of element having standard electrode potential greater than 0V |
KR1020157010204A KR101696565B1 (ko) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-18 | 표준 전극 전위가 0 v 보다 큰 원소의 입자의 제조 방법 |
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