WO2014065102A1 - Machine synchrone à aimant permanent, système de commande utilisant celle-ci, et compresseur - Google Patents

Machine synchrone à aimant permanent, système de commande utilisant celle-ci, et compresseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014065102A1
WO2014065102A1 PCT/JP2013/077193 JP2013077193W WO2014065102A1 WO 2014065102 A1 WO2014065102 A1 WO 2014065102A1 JP 2013077193 W JP2013077193 W JP 2013077193W WO 2014065102 A1 WO2014065102 A1 WO 2014065102A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
rotor
stator
phase
synchronous machine
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2013/077193
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
暁史 ▲高▼橋
恵理 丸山
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日立アプライアンス株式会社
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Publication of WO2014065102A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014065102A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent magnet synchronous machine, a drive system using the same, and a compressor.
  • an interior permanent magnet (hereinafter referred to as IPM) structure in which a permanent magnet is embedded in a rotor is widely adopted.
  • IPM structure since the ratio of the direct-axis inductance Ld and the horizontal-axis inductance Lq, the so-called salient pole ratio, is increased, it has been said that reluctance torque can be used in addition to magnet torque.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique capable of improving the torque by further optimally controlling the energization phase in a configuration in which the salient pole ratio is increased.
  • a permanent magnet embedded in a permanent magnet synchronous machine having an IPM structure it is desired to employ a magnet that does not contain neodymium as a main component and that can be stably procured, such as a ferrite magnet. Since the residual magnetic flux density of a ferrite magnet is about 1/3 that of a neodymium magnet, it can be said that utilization of reluctance torque is indispensable to cover the decrease in magnet torque.
  • An object of the present invention is to enable effective use of reluctance torque in a permanent magnet synchronous machine using a permanent magnet having a residual magnetic flux density of 0.6 T or less and a drive system using the same, thereby improving torque and efficiency. It is to be.
  • a rotor having a permanent magnet with a residual magnetic flux density of 0.6 T or less arranged so as to form a plurality of poles therein, and a stator arranged with a predetermined gap with respect to the rotor
  • WB flux linkage
  • Irms Arms
  • the inner rotor is targeted, but the effect of the present invention is not limited to the inner rotor, and can be applied to an outer rotor having a similar configuration. is there.
  • the winding method of the stator may be concentrated winding or distributed winding.
  • the number of rotor poles and the number of phases of the stator coils are not limited to the configuration of the embodiment.
  • an inverter-driven permanent magnet motor is targeted. However, the effect of the present invention can be applied to a self-starting permanent magnet motor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a direct-axis inductance Ld (H) and a horizontal-axis inductance Lq when a magnetic flux linkage ⁇ p (Wb) for one phase of a stator coil by a permanent magnet and a current effective value Irms (Arms) are supplied to the coil.
  • H a permanent magnet synchronous machine to which a permanent magnet having a residual magnetic flux density of 0.6 T or less is applied and a drive system using the same are configured.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a 4-pole 6-slot three-phase motor.
  • the stator 9 is composed of a stator core 10 and a stator winding 12 wound around a tooth 11, and the rotor 1 is attached to the stator 9.
  • the stator winding 12 is configured by sequentially arranging three-phase windings U, V, and W in the circumferential direction.
  • U-phase windings 12u1 and 12u2 connected in series as shown in FIG.
  • An AC current iu having a peak value I (the effective value at this time is Irms) is supplied from the inverter.
  • Irms the effective value at this time
  • the magnitudes of I and Irms can be obtained by using a device such as a wattmeter, and can also be obtained by acquiring a current waveform with an oscilloscope or the like and performing Fourier analysis.
  • the shaft 6 mechanically coupled to the rotor 1 is connected to a load, and by appropriately selecting the magnitude and phase of the current I, a rotational torque Me that balances the load is generated.
  • the interlinkage magnetic flux ⁇ p for one phase of the stator coil drives the rotor externally with the terminals Tu, Tv, Tw of U, V, W shown in FIG. 10 open, and the phase voltage peak value E0 at that time, or It can be determined by measuring the line voltage peak value E0 * ⁇ 3.
  • the angular frequency ⁇ when externally driven at the rotation speed N is obtained from the equation (2) and is obtained by substituting it into the equation (3).
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ * N / 60 * p (p: number of pole pairs) (2)
  • ⁇ p E0 / ⁇ (3)
  • the torque Me of the magnet motor is generally generated by attraction / repulsion between the rotating magnetic field generated by the energizing currents of the stator windings U, V, and W and the rotor magnetic poles.
  • the rotor magnetic pole often refers to a magnetic field formed by a magnet, but when considering reluctance torque, the magnetic field formed by magnetizing the rotor core due to the influence of the rotating magnetic field is also the magnetic pole. It is easy to understand when considered as a kind of.
  • the method of converting into a dq axis coordinate system (rotating coordinate system) and handling as a direct current amount is common.
  • the magnetic pole central axis of the rotor is the d-axis
  • the axis advanced 90 ° counterclockwise with respect to the d-axis, that is, the central axis between permanent magnets having different polarities is the q-axis.
  • FIG. 11 shows the principle of torque generation of a magnet motor.
  • the counterclockwise direction is the positive direction.
  • FIG. 11A shows the magnet torque
  • FIGS. 11B and 11C show the reluctance torque generated when the d-axis current is negative.
  • the magnet torque is torque generated by attraction and repulsion between the magnetic flux generated on the d-axis and the magnetic field formed by the q-axis current.
  • a radial repulsive force is generated between the magnet magnetic flux and the d-axis current magnetic field, but no rotational force is generated.
  • FIG. 11 shows the principle of torque generation of a magnet motor.
  • the counterclockwise direction is the positive direction.
  • FIG. 11A shows the magnet torque
  • FIGS. 11B and 11C show the reluctance torque generated when the d-axis current is negative.
  • the magnet torque is torque generated by attraction and repulsion between the magnetic flux generated on the d-axis and the magnetic field formed by the q-axis current.
  • Magnet torque is proportional to the amount of magnetic flux generated by the magnet if the q-axis current is constant. That is, in order to increase the magnet torque, it is necessary to increase the amount of magnets or use a strong magnet, resulting in an increase in cost.
  • the reluctance torque is proportional to the difference between the q-axis and q-axis inductances, the torque can be increased to a certain amount by configuring the rotor magnetic circuit so that the difference between the two is large. It has been considered possible.
  • FIG. 12 shows a vector diagram of the dq axis coordinate system. That is, using the phase of the interlinkage magnetic flux ⁇ p for one phase of the stator coil by the permanent magnet as a reference, this is regarded as the d-axis, and the induced electromotive force E0 that is a time derivative of ⁇ p is generated on the q-axis whose phase is advanced by 90 ° To do.
  • V applied to the motor and the current I applied to the motor have a phase difference of ⁇ and ⁇ with respect to E0
  • V and I are d-axis as shown in equations (4) and (5). It can be decomposed into components and q-axis components.
  • the resistance R in FIG. 12 can be measured by using a resistance measuring instrument such as a Wheatstone bridge. Further, the voltage phase difference angle ⁇ and the current phase difference angle ⁇ can be obtained by acquiring the waveforms of E0, V, and I and determining the phase relationship of each fundamental wave component. FIG. 12 shows the case where the phase voltage and phase current waveforms are used. For example, even when the line voltage is obtained instead of the phase voltage, the phase difference between the phase voltage and the line voltage should be considered. Thus, ⁇ and ⁇ can be obtained in the same manner.
  • Ld and Lq can be obtained from the voltage equation of Equation (6).
  • the generated torque Me is expressed by the following equation using the number of pole pairs p, the interlinkage magnetic flux ⁇ p for one phase of the stator coil by a permanent magnet, the direct current Id, and the horizontal current Iq.
  • Id, Iq, and ⁇ p are peak values.
  • the first term in ⁇ represents the magnet torque
  • the second term represents the reluctance torque.
  • the reluctance torque is proportional to Lq ⁇ Ld, Id, and Iq, respectively. Therefore, conventionally, the salient pole ratio Lq / Ld or Lq-Ld has been used as an index of the magnitude of the reluctance torque.
  • Equation (11) it can be seen that ⁇ p and Irms are newly introduced as an index representing the magnitude of the reluctance torque in addition to the conventional Ld and Lq.
  • ⁇ p is determined by the physical properties and shape of the permanent magnet, the stator winding specifications, and the motor cross-sectional shape, and can be obtained from a general induced electromotive force measurement test.
  • Ld and Lq are also determined by the motor configuration and energization current Irms, and can be obtained by a general motor inductance measurement method. Therefore, ⁇ p, Ld, and Lq are constants determined for each motor, and Equation (11) can be treated as a linear function of ⁇ and Irms.
  • the current phase difference angle ⁇ can be arbitrarily set by the configuration of the control software.
  • the control that generates the maximum torque is performed.
  • the operating point is 22.5 deg. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45.0 deg. Exists in the range. Therefore, the torque and the efficiency can be improved more reliably by controlling the phase so as to be the above-mentioned phase.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of one pole of the permanent magnet synchronous machine according to this embodiment.
  • the rotor 1 shown in FIG. 3 has a magnet receiving hole 4 configured to protrude radially inward, and a permanent magnet 3 (not shown) is disposed in the receiving hole 4, so that the permanent
  • the magnet 3 has two bending points in the circumferential direction per pole, and is configured to extend in the direction perpendicular to the magnetization direction and toward the end of the pole, with each bending point as a starting end.
  • a permanent magnet having a low residual magnetic flux density such as a ferrite magnet is used.
  • the permanent magnet 3 may be configured to have a plurality of bending points and straight portions at three or more locations.
  • the surface area of the magnet magnetic flux generating surface can be increased, so that it is possible to generate a larger magnet torque than that using a U-shaped magnet as shown in FIG.
  • the cross-sectional area of the iron core in the radially outer peripheral portion of the permanent magnet 3 is increased, the salient pole ratio is increased and a reluctance torque larger than that in FIG. 8 can be generated.
  • the permanent magnet 3 may be integrally formed without being divided in the circumferential direction per pole, or a plurality of permanent magnets 3 may be arranged in the circumferential direction. Further, a plurality of parts may be divided in the axial direction, or may be formed integrally without being divided.
  • the rotor core 2 may be composed of laminated steel plates stacked in the axial direction, may be composed of a dust core, or may be composed of amorphous metal.
  • a permanent magnet synchronous machine driven continuously or intermittently at an ambient temperature of 80 ° C. or higher and a drive system using the same can improve torque and improve efficiency more effectively. Can do.
  • the reason for this will be described below.
  • the residual magnetic flux density (Br) of a ferrite magnet at room temperature (20 ° C.) is known to be 1/3 that of a neodymium magnet, but the temperature coefficient of Br of a ferrite magnet is more than twice that of a neodymium magnet. As the temperature increases, the decrease in Br becomes more significant.
  • the temperature coefficient of neodymium magnets is about -0.11% / K, while that of ferrite magnets is about -0.26% / K. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the Br ratio with respect to the neodymium magnet decreases as the ambient temperature increases. In particular, when the ambient temperature is 80 ° C. or higher, the tendency of Br to decrease becomes significant. Therefore, although the magnet torque is significantly reduced, the reluctance torque can be effectively utilized by applying the present invention, so that the torque and efficiency can be improved.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration of FIG. 5 is different from FIG. 1 in that the relationship between ⁇ p, Irms, Ld, and Lq is Since other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 1, the description thereof is omitted.
  • Replacement is not a replacement for a power source, but means that torque characteristics and efficiency characteristics can be maintained at the same level as before.
  • replacement is not a replacement for a power source, but means that torque characteristics and efficiency characteristics can be maintained at the same level as before.
  • the reason why performance degradation is not allowed is to prevent global warming in addition to intense competition among industry companies. For example, the existence of CO2 reduction target values for the future, a review of the global energy supply system triggered by the nuclear accident in Japan, and an increase in energy consumption control needs).
  • Equation (14) As described above, by configuring a permanent magnet synchronous machine using a ferrite magnet and a drive system using the same so as to satisfy Equation (14), the reluctance torque can be effectively used regardless of the application, output, and motor size. Thus, torque and efficiency can be improved, and at the same time, a permanent magnet synchronous machine using a neodymium magnet can be replaced.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 6 differs from FIG. 1 in that the relationship between ⁇ p, Irms, Ld, and Lq is And a permanent magnet synchronous machine to which a magnet mainly composed of SmFeN (hereinafter referred to as SmFeN magnet) is applied and a drive system using the same are configured.
  • SmFeN magnet a permanent magnet synchronous machine to which a magnet mainly composed of SmFeN (hereinafter referred to as SmFeN magnet) is applied and a drive system using the same are configured.
  • Other configurations are the same as those in FIG.
  • the SmFeN magnet has a residual magnetic flux density as small as 1/2 that of a neodymium magnet, but is larger than a ferrite magnet, and thus is useful as an alternative to a neodymium magnet.
  • a neodymium synchronous machine having a reluctance torque ratio ⁇ of 0.293 is replaced with an SmFeN magnet, the magnet torque is reduced to 1 ⁇ 2, and the decrease is covered by the reluctance torque.
  • the reluctance torque ratio ⁇ is set to It is necessary to do more.
  • the permanent magnet synchronous machine using the SmFeN magnet and the drive system using the same are configured so as to satisfy the expression (11), so that the reluctance torque can be effectively used regardless of the application, output, and motor size.
  • torque and efficiency can be improved, and at the same time, a permanent magnet synchronous machine using a neodymium magnet can be replaced.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional structural view of the compressor according to the present embodiment.
  • the compression mechanism unit meshes a spiral wrap 15 standing upright on the end plate 14 of the fixed scroll member 13 and a spiral wrap 18 standing upright on the end plate 17 of the turning scroll member 16. Is formed.
  • the revolving scroll member 16 is revolved by the crankshaft 6 to perform a compression operation.
  • the compression chambers 19 (19A, 19B,%) Formed by the fixed scroll member 13 and the swivel scroll member 16, the compression chamber 19 located on the outermost diameter side is accompanied by a swirl motion.
  • the scroll members 13 and 16 move toward the center, and the volume gradually decreases.
  • the compressed gas in the compression chambers 19 is discharged from the discharge port 20 communicating with the compression chamber 19.
  • the discharged compressed gas passes through a gas passage (not shown) provided in the fixed scroll member 13 and the frame 21 and reaches the pressure vessel 22 below the frame 21, and the side wall of the pressure vessel 22. Is discharged from the discharge pipe 23 provided outside the compressor.
  • a permanent magnet motor 103 composed of the stator 9 and the rotor 1 is enclosed in the pressure vessel 22, and the compression operation is performed by the rotation of the rotor 1.
  • An oil sump 25 is provided below the permanent magnet motor 103.
  • the oil in the oil sump 25 passes through an oil hole 26 provided in the crankshaft 6 due to a pressure difference caused by a rotational motion, and a sliding portion between the turning scroll member 16 and the crankshaft 6 and a sliding bearing 27. It is used for lubrication.
  • a terminal box 30 for pulling out the stator coil 12 to the outside of the pressure vessel 22 is provided on the side wall of the pressure vessel 22. For example, in the case of a three-phase permanent magnet motor, terminals of U, V and W windings are provided. There are a total of three.
  • R410A refrigerant is sealed in the compressor 22 and the ambient temperature of the permanent magnet motor 103 is often 80 ° C. or higher.
  • the compressor configuration may be a scroll compressor shown in FIG. 7, a rotary compressor, or a configuration having other compression mechanisms. According to the present invention, as described above, a small and high output motor can be realized.

Abstract

L'objet de la présente invention est, dans une machine synchrone à aimant permanent utilisant un aimant permanent qui est doté d'une induction magnétique résiduelle inférieure ou égale à 0,6 T, et dans un système de commande utilisant la machine synchrone à aimant permanent, de permettre au couple de réluctance d'être utilisé de façon efficace, ce qui permet de la sorte d'améliorer le couple et l'efficacité. Pour ce faire, dans une machine synchrone à aimant permanent selon la présente invention comprenant un rotor qui est doté d'un aimant permanent pourvu d'une induction magnétique résiduelle inférieure ou égale à 0,6 T conçu de manière à constituer une pluralité de pôles dans le rotor et un stator qui est agencé avec un écartement prescrit par rapport au rotor, le flux de liaison Ψp (WB) pour une phase d'une bobine de stator qui est généré par l'aimant permanent et l'inductance longitudinale Ld (H) ainsi que l'inductance transversale Lq (H) lors de l'alimentation de la bobine au moyen d'une valeur efficace de courant Irms (Arms), satisfont la relation suivante :
PCT/JP2013/077193 2012-10-23 2013-10-07 Machine synchrone à aimant permanent, système de commande utilisant celle-ci, et compresseur WO2014065102A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP2012233384A JP2014087142A (ja) 2012-10-23 2012-10-23 永久磁石同期機及びこれを用いた駆動システム、圧縮機
JP2012-233384 2012-10-23

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3413440A1 (fr) * 2017-06-06 2018-12-12 GE Renewable Technologies Wind B.V. Module à aimant et machine électrique
WO2019069573A1 (fr) * 2017-10-02 2019-04-11 株式会社日立製作所 Machine synchrone à aimants permanents et moteur électrique équipé de celle-ci

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6507502B2 (ja) * 2014-07-03 2019-05-08 日本精工株式会社 ダイレクトドライブモータ、搬送装置、検査装置、工作機械、及び半導体製造装置
WO2023148981A1 (fr) * 2022-02-07 2023-08-10 株式会社Ihi Machine tournante

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US10840753B2 (en) 2017-06-06 2020-11-17 Ge Renewable Technologies Wind B.V. Magnet module and electrical machine
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JP2019068632A (ja) * 2017-10-02 2019-04-25 株式会社日立製作所 永久磁石同期機及びこれを備えた電動機車両
JP7442954B2 (ja) 2017-10-02 2024-03-05 株式会社日立インダストリアルプロダクツ 永久磁石同期機及びこれを備えた電動機車両
JP7473619B2 (ja) 2017-10-02 2024-04-23 株式会社日立インダストリアルプロダクツ 永久磁石同期機及びこれを備えた電動機車両

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