WO2014063639A1 - 采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机 - Google Patents

采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机 Download PDF

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WO2014063639A1
WO2014063639A1 PCT/CN2013/085861 CN2013085861W WO2014063639A1 WO 2014063639 A1 WO2014063639 A1 WO 2014063639A1 CN 2013085861 W CN2013085861 W CN 2013085861W WO 2014063639 A1 WO2014063639 A1 WO 2014063639A1
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Prior art keywords
regenerative heater
cooler
linear drive
stirling engine
gas
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PCT/CN2013/085861
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English (en)
French (fr)
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毛珂
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成都宇能通能源开发有限公司
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Publication of WO2014063639A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014063639A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/0435—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines the engine being of the free piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Stirling engine, and more particularly to a Stirling engine using a regenerative heater, a ring-type gap cooler and a linear drive valve.
  • the Stirling engine also known as the hot air machine, is an external combustion engine that is heated by an external heat source, so it has the adaptability to a variety of heat sources or fuels, such as traditional fuel, natural gas, biogas, alcohol and other fuels. Solar energy, industrial waste heat, solid fuel, biomass energy, etc. can also be used, and the range is very wide.
  • the Stirling engine is mainly composed of a heating system, a working fluid circulation system, a transmission system, etc. The heat generated by the heating system is transmitted to the internal working medium of the Stirling engine through the heater, and the piston is pushed through the Stirling cycle to pass the work.
  • the crankshaft or output shaft of the drive train is output externally.
  • the traditional Stirling engine generally has two pistons, namely a power piston and a gas distribution piston.
  • a connecting passage between the power piston and the gas distribution piston that is, a working gas passage, a gas distribution piston in the heater, a regenerator.
  • the cooling device continuously shuttles to play the role of gas distribution; the power piston compresses the working gas, and at the same time, when the working gas is heated and expanded, the working gas pushes the power piston to work outward.
  • the main problems and shortcomings of the Stirling engine are that the manufacturing cost is high, especially the heater and the cooler are difficult to manufacture and the process requirements are high.
  • the working fluid sealing technology is difficult, the reliability and life of the sealing member are still problematic, the power regulating control system is more complicated, and the machine is more cumbersome.
  • the future development of the Stirling engine will be more applied to new materials (such as ceramics) and new processes to reduce the cost; theoretical research on the actual cycle, improve the structure, improve performance indicators; in application, is vigorously researching automotive use Power coal-fired Stirling engines, solar Stirling engines and special purpose Stirling engines.
  • the Stirling engine does not emit exhaust gas. It does not require any air other than the air required by the combustion chamber, so it is suitable for urban environments and outer space. If a regenerative heater is used, the entire engine will be a clean engine that does not require air and is completely free of pollutants. It is suitable for indoor or environmentally demanding applications.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a regenerative heater, a ring-type gap cooler and a linear drive with a high thermal efficiency, a good cooling effect, and a precise control of the engine output.
  • the Stirling engine of the gas piston is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a regenerative heater, a ring-type gap cooler and a linear drive with a high thermal efficiency, a good cooling effect, and a precise control of the engine output.
  • a Stirling engine using a regenerative heater, a ring-type gap cooler and a linear drive valve piston which includes a ring cooler, a regenerative heater, a gas distribution piston, a linear drive system, a gas pressure transducer and a controller, a regenerative heater heats the working gas, a ring cooler cools the working gas, and a linear drive system controls the gas piston to reciprocate.
  • the air pressure transducer converts the varying working pressure difference into the required energy form, and the controller controls the linear drive system and other parts;
  • the ring cooler is composed of an engine casing and a cooling medium casing,
  • the thermal heater is disposed in the inner tank, and comprises a heating element and a heat storage body.
  • the heat storage body is provided with a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor and the heating element are respectively connected to the controller, and the gas distribution piston is located on the lower side of the inner tank, and the straight line
  • the drive system is connected, the pneumatic transducer is connected to the working gas passage, and the controller is connected to the linear drive system.
  • the ring cooler of the present invention includes a cooling medium passage, a cooling medium inlet, and a cooling medium outlet, and the cooling medium housing is disposed on one side of the inner wall or the outer wall of the engine casing.
  • the cooling medium of the present invention includes a gas or a liquid.
  • the regenerative heater of the present invention is provided with a gas valve on each of the upper and lower sides, and the gas valve is connected to the controller, and the gas valve is made of a high temperature resistant and heat insulating material.
  • the engine casing and the inner casing of the present invention are further provided with a plurality of fixing blocks, and the fixing blocks fasten the engine casing and the inner casing together.
  • the periphery of the regenerative heater according to the present invention is filled with a heat insulating material, and the heat insulating material heats the regenerative heater.
  • the Stirling engine of the present invention further includes a regenerator disposed above the regenerative heater to form a passage for the working gas to circulate between the ring cooler and the regenerative heater.
  • the linear drive system is controlled by the controller to control the movement of the valve piston and accurately control the output power of the engine.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • 1-ring cooler 2-regenerative heater, 3-linear drive system, 4-pneumatic transducer, 5-controller, 6-cooling medium passage, 7-engine housing, 8- Liner, 9-regenerator, 10-heating element, 11-regenerator, 12-temperature sensor, 13-gas valve, 14-cooling medium inlet, 15-cooling medium outlet, 16-fixed block, 17-fit Gas piston.
  • a Stirling engine using a regenerative heater, a ring type gap cooler and a linear drive valve piston includes a ring type cooler 1, a regenerative heater 2, a valve piston 17,
  • the air pressure transducer 4 converts the varying working medium pressure difference into the required energy form
  • the controller 5 controls the linear drive system 3 and other parts
  • the ring type cooler 1 is composed of the engine casing 7
  • the regenerative heater 2 is disposed in the inner tank 8, and includes a heating element 10 and a thermal storage body 11.
  • the thermal storage body 11 is provided with a temperature sensor 12, and the temperature sensor 12 and the heating element 10 respectively Connected to the controller 5, the gas distribution piston 17 is located on the lower side of the inner tank, connected to the linear drive system 3, the pneumatic transducer 4 is in communication with the working gas passage, and the controller 5 is connected to the linear drive system 3.
  • the ring type cooler 1 includes a cooling medium passage 6, a cooling medium inlet 14, and a cooling medium outlet 15, which are provided on one side of the inner wall or the outer wall of the engine casing 7.
  • the cooling medium of the present invention includes a gas or a liquid.
  • the regenerative heater 2 of the present invention is provided with a gas valve 13 on the upper and lower sides thereof, and the gas valve 13 is connected to the controller 5, and the gas valve 13 is made of a high temperature resistant and heat insulating material.
  • a plurality of fixing blocks 16 are further disposed between the engine casing 7 and the inner casing 8 of the present invention, and the fixing blocks 16 fasten the engine casing 7 and the inner casing 8 together.
  • the periphery of the regenerative heater 2 according to the present invention is filled with a heat insulating material, and the heat insulating material heats the regenerative heater 2.
  • the Stirling engine of the present invention further includes a regenerator 9 disposed above the regenerative heater 2 to circulate a working gas between the ring cooler 1 and the regenerative heater 2 Channel.
  • the heating element 10, the temperature sensor 12, the gas valve 13 and the linear drive system 3 of the present invention are respectively connected to the controller 5, and the controller 5 selects whether to turn the power of the heating element 10 on or off according to the temperature value of the temperature sensor 12.
  • the controller 5 opens the gas valve 13 to facilitate the circulation of the working gas in the entire annular gap and the working gas passage, and the controller 5 controls the rotation of the linear drive system 3, thereby controlling the valve piston 17
  • the purpose of controlling the output power of the engine is achieved; when the engine is not in the working state, the controller 5 closes the gas valve 13 to store the thermal energy in the regenerative heater 2, and the thermal storage heater 2 and the thermal insulation outside thereof
  • the layer plays a very good role in insulation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

一种采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，包括环型冷却器（1）、蓄热式加热器（2）、配气活塞（17）、直线驱动系统（3）、气压换能器（4）和控制器（5）；蓄热式加热器（2）对工质气体进行加热；环型冷却器（1）对工质气体进行冷却；直线驱动系统（3）控制配气活塞（17）做往复运动；气压换能器（4）将变化的工质压力差转化为所需要的能量形式；控制器（5）对直线驱动系统（3）及其他部分进行控制；蓄热式加热器（2）包括加热元件（10）和蓄热体（11）；蓄热体（11）内设置有温度传感器（12）。该斯特林发动机热效率高、冷却效果好、能实现精确控制发动机输出功率。

Description

采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种斯特林发动机，特别是一种采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机。
 背景技术
随着全球能源与环保的形势日趋严峻，斯特林发动机由于其具有多种能源的广泛适应性和优良的环境特性已越来越受到重视，所以，在水下动力、太阳能动力、空间站动力、热泵空调动力、车用混合推进动力等方面得到了广泛的研究与重视，并且已得到了一些成功的应用。
斯特林发动机又称热气机，它是一种采用外部热源加热的外燃式发动机，因此具有对多种热源或燃料的适应性，如可采用传统的燃油、天然气、沼气、酒精等燃料，也可以采用太阳能、工业余热、固体燃料、生物质能等，范围十分广泛。斯特林发动机主要由加热系统、工质循环系统、传动系统等组成，加热系统产生的热量通过加热器传递给斯特林发动机的内部工质，通过斯特林循环，推动活塞做功，并通过传动系统的曲轴或输出轴对外输出。传统的斯特林发动机一般有两个活塞，即动力活塞和配气活塞，动力活塞和配气活塞之间有一个连接通道，即工质气体通道，配气活塞在加热器、回热器、冷却器内不断穿梭运动，起到配气的作用；动力活塞对工质气体进行压缩，同时在工质气体受热膨胀时，工质气体又推动动力活塞向外做功。
斯特林发动机尚存在的主要问题和缺点是制造成本较高，尤其是加热器、冷却器制造较为困难，工艺要求高。工质密封技术较难，密封件的可靠性和寿命还存在问题，功率调节控制系统较复杂，机器较为笨重。斯特林发动机的未来发展将更多的应用新材料(如陶瓷)和新工艺，以降低造价；对实际循环进行理论研究，完善结构，提高性能指标；在应用方面，正大力研究汽车用大功率燃煤斯特林发动机、太阳能斯特林发动机和特种用途斯特林发动机等。
斯特林发动机不排废气，除燃烧室需要的空气外，不需要其他空气，所以适用于都市环境和外层空间。如果采用蓄热式加热器，整个发动机将成为一个不需要空气，也完全没有污染物排放的清洁发动机，适合在室内或者环境要求较高的场合使用。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种具有较高热效率、冷却效果好、能实现精确控制发动机输出功率的一种采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，它包括环型冷却器、蓄热式加热器、配气活塞、直线驱动系统、气压换能器和控制器，蓄热式加热器对工质气体进行加热，环型冷却器对工质气体进行冷却，直线驱动系统控制配气活塞做往复运动，气压换能器将变化的工质压力差转化为所需要的能量形式，控制器对直线驱动系统及其他部分进行控制；所述的环型冷却器由发动机壳体及冷却介质壳体构成，蓄热式加热器设置于内胆内，它包括加热元件和蓄热体，蓄热体内设置有温度传感器，温度传感器和加热元件分别与控制器相连，配气活塞位于内胆的下侧，与直线驱动系统相连，气压换能器与工质气体通道相连通，控制器与直线驱动系统相连。
本发明所述的环型冷却器包括冷却介质通道、冷却介质入口和冷却介质出口，冷却介质壳体设置于发动机壳体的内壁或者外壁的一侧。
本发明所述的冷却介质包括气体或液体。
本发明所述的蓄热式加热器的上下侧各设置有一个气体阀门，气体阀门与控制器相连，所述的气体阀门由耐高温、绝热材料制成。
本发明所述的发动机壳体与内胆之间还设有多个固定块，固定块将发动机壳体与内胆紧固在一起。
本发明所述的蓄热式加热器的外围填充满绝热材料，绝热材料对蓄热式加热器起保温作用。
本发明所述的斯特林发动机还包括回热器，回热器设置于蓄热式加热器的上方，构成工质气体在环型冷却器和蓄热式加热器间循环的通道。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是：
（1）采用新型的冷却结构，制造工艺简单，冷却速度快、效果好；
（2）采用蓄热式加热器，加热速度快、保温效果好，从而提高了发动机的热效率，并且不产生污染物；
（3）由控制器控制直线驱动系统，从而达到控制配气活塞的运动，能精确的控制发动机的输出功率。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图中，1-环型冷却器，2-蓄热式加热器，3-直线驱动系统，4-气压换能器，5-控制器，6-冷却介质通道，7-发动机壳体，8-内胆，9-回热器，10-加热元件，11-蓄热体，12-温度传感器，13-气体阀门，14-冷却介质入口，15-冷却介质出口，16-固定块，17-配气活塞。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
如图1所示，采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，它包括环型冷却器1、蓄热式加热器2、配气活塞17、直线驱动系统3、气压换能器4和控制器5，蓄热式加热器2对工质气体进行加热，环型冷却器1对工质气体进行冷却，直线驱动系统3控制配气活塞17做往复运动，气压换能器4将变化的工质压力差转化为所需要的能量形式，控制器5对直线驱动系统3及其他部分进行控制；所述的环型冷却器1由发动机壳体7及冷却介质壳体构成，蓄热式加热器2设置于内胆8内，它包括加热元件10和蓄热体11，蓄热体11内设置有温度传感器12，温度传感器12和加热元件10分别与控制器5相连，配气活塞17位于内胆的下侧，与直线驱动系统3相连，气压换能器4与工质气体通道相连通，控制器5与直线驱动系统3相连。
本发明所述的环型冷却器1包括冷却介质通道6、冷却介质入口14和冷却介质出口15，冷却介质壳体设置于发动机壳体7的内壁或者外壁的一侧。
本发明所述的冷却介质包括气体或液体。
本发明所述的蓄热式加热器2的上下侧各设置有一个气体阀门13，气体阀门13与控制器5相连，所述的气体阀门13由耐高温、绝热材料制成。
本发明所述的发动机壳体7与内胆8之间还设有多个固定块16，固定块16将发动机壳体7与内胆8紧固在一起。
本发明所述的蓄热式加热器2的外围填充满绝热材料，绝热材料对蓄热式加热器2起保温作用。
本发明所述的斯特林发动机还包括回热器9，回热器9设置于蓄热式加热器2的上方，构成工质气体在环型冷却器1和蓄热式加热器2间循环的通道。
本发明的加热元件10、温度传感器12、气体阀门13和直线驱动系统3分别与控制器5相连，控制器5根据温度传感器12的温度值选择开启还是关闭加热元件10的电源。当发动机处于工作状态时，控制器5将气体阀门13打开，便于工质气体在整个环形间隙和工质气体通道内流通，同时控制器5控制直线驱动系统3的转动，从而控制配气活塞17，实现控制发动机输出功率的目的；当发动机不处于工作状态时，控制器5将气体阀门13关闭，便于将热能储存在蓄热式加热器2内，蓄热式加热器2及其外的绝热层起到很好的保温作用。

Claims (7)

  1. 采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，其特征在于：它包括环型冷却器（1）、蓄热式加热器（2）、配气活塞（17）、直线驱动系统（3）、气压换能器（4）和控制器（5），蓄热式加热器（2）对工质气体进行加热，环型冷却器（1）对工质气体进行冷却，直线驱动系统（3）控制配气活塞（17）做往复运动，气压换能器（4）将变化的工质压力差转化为所需要的能量形式，控制器（5）对直线驱动系统（3）及其他部分进行控制；所述的环型冷却器（1）由发动机壳体（7）及冷却介质壳体构成，蓄热式加热器（2）设置于内胆（8）内，它包括加热元件（10）和蓄热体（11），蓄热体（11）内设置有温度传感器（12），温度传感器（12）和加热元件（10）分别与控制器（5）相连，配气活塞（17）位于内胆的下侧，与直线驱动系统（3）相连，气压换能器（4）与工质气体通道相连通，控制器（5）与直线驱动系统（3）相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，其特征在于：所述的环型冷却器（1）包括冷却介质通道（6）、冷却介质入口（14）和冷却介质出口（15），冷却介质壳体设置于发动机壳体（7）的内壁或者外壁的一侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，其特征在于：所述的冷却介质包括气体或液体。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，其特征在于：所述的蓄热式加热器（2）的上下侧各设置有一个气体阀门（13），气体阀门（13）与控制器（5）相连，所述的气体阀门（13）由耐高温、绝热材料制成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，其特征在于：所述的发动机壳体（7）与内胆（8）之间还设有多个固定块（16），固定块（16）将发动机壳体（7）与内胆（8）紧固在一起。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，其特征在于：所述的蓄热式加热器（2）的外围填充满绝热材料，绝热材料对蓄热式加热器（2）起保温作用。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机，其特征在于：所述的斯特林发动机还包括回热器（9），回热器（9）设置于蓄热式加热器（2）的上方，构成工质气体在环型冷却器（1）和蓄热式加热器（2）间循环的通道。
PCT/CN2013/085861 2012-10-26 2013-10-24 采用蓄热式加热器、环型间隙冷却器和直线驱动配气活塞的斯特林发动机 WO2014063639A1 (zh)

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