WO2014060469A1 - Digitaler ladungsverstärker - Google Patents
Digitaler ladungsverstärker Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014060469A1 WO2014060469A1 PCT/EP2013/071614 EP2013071614W WO2014060469A1 WO 2014060469 A1 WO2014060469 A1 WO 2014060469A1 EP 2013071614 W EP2013071614 W EP 2013071614W WO 2014060469 A1 WO2014060469 A1 WO 2014060469A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- comparator
- charge amplifier
- input
- output
- feedback current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M3/00—Conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation
- H03M3/30—Delta-sigma modulation
- H03M3/39—Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators
- H03M3/412—Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators characterised by the number of quantisers and their type and resolution
- H03M3/422—Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators characterised by the number of quantisers and their type and resolution having one quantiser only
- H03M3/43—Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators characterised by the number of quantisers and their type and resolution having one quantiser only the quantiser being a single bit one
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/70—Charge amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/30—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage or other physical parameters
- H03F1/303—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage or other physical parameters using a switching device
- H03F1/304—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage or other physical parameters using a switching device and using digital means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/3002—Conversion to or from differential modulation
- H03M7/3004—Digital delta-sigma modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M3/00—Conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation
- H03M3/30—Delta-sigma modulation
- H03M3/39—Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators
- H03M3/412—Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators characterised by the number of quantisers and their type and resolution
- H03M3/422—Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators characterised by the number of quantisers and their type and resolution having one quantiser only
- H03M3/424—Structural details of delta-sigma modulators, e.g. incremental delta-sigma modulators characterised by the number of quantisers and their type and resolution having one quantiser only the quantiser being a multiple bit one
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a digital charge amplifier with an analog input to which an input voltage is applied and an input current flows and with a digital output, and a method for digitizing an analog signal which is fed to a charge amplifier at an analog input.
- Piezoelectric sensors are typically operated with charge amplifiers that convert the charge output from the piezoelectric sensor into a proportional electrical voltage.
- charge amplifiers operational amplifiers with capacitive feedback are often used which operate as integrators.
- the disadvantage of such charge amplifiers for a piezoelectric sensor is known to be that the charge delivered by the sensor can be very small, which necessitates the use of low-noise special cables, which are expensive, for connecting the sensor and charge amplifier. Due to the high input impedance of the charge amplifier, the transmission path is also sensitive to electromagnetic fields, which limits the cable lengths to a few meters.
- Another disadvantage of such charge amplifiers is the inherent drift in the output signal due to analog integration, for example due to the leakage currents at the input, which necessitates drift compensation.
- impedance converters which convert the high impedance signal of the piezoelectric sensor into a low impedance voltage signal which can then be transmitted with low loss over long lines.
- the impedance converter is often integrated in the sensor, but this limits the possible use.
- sensors with integrated electronics can not be used in environments with high pressure and / or temperature, such as a pressure transducer in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
- digital charge amplifiers have also become known which digitally output the value of the charge emitted by the sensor or of a voltage proportional thereto.
- the input stage still remains analog and only the integrated input signal is digitized and output as a digital value. The above-mentioned problems of the analog charge amplifier are retained.
- Charge amplifiers based on a Sigma-Delta analogue digital converter have also become known. Such a converter can be found, for example, in WO 2009/062494 A1, EP 1 345 330 A2 or GB 2 292 028 A.
- the digital output of the converter is fed back to the input via a digital-to-analog converter.
- the difference between the input current and the feedback current is integrated, quantized and sampled at a high sampling rate. tet.
- the bitstream at the output represents a digital representation of the input voltage.
- a digital filter may also be provided.
- an analog integration by means of a capacitance at the input is still required, which is why the associated problems can not be remedied thereby. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a digital charge amplifier and a method for digitizing an analog signal, which brings about an improvement in the above-mentioned disadvantages.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by providing a comparator which compares the input voltage with a reference potential and the output of the comparator drives a feedback current source, the feedback current source producing a positive or negative constant feedback current depending on the output of the comparator applied to the input is fed back and compensates for the input current, wherein a counter is provided, whose counting direction is determined by the output of the comparator and the output of the counter is provided as a digital output of the digital charge amplifier.
- the feedback of a feedback current controlled by the comparator generates a virtual short circuit, namely that the input current is compensated by the feedback current.
- the feedback charge quantity which corresponds to the amount of charge emitted by the piezoelectric sensor is not set by the current intensity as in conventional analog and digital charge amplifiers, but by the time during which a negative or positive reference current is fed back. The time duration is determined by the output of the comparator. In this way, it is achieved that the feedback quantity of charge is proportional to a period of time which can be measured in a simple manner with the aid of a counter. The output of the counter is thus dependent on the input current and proportional to the charge delivered by the piezoelectric sensor.
- the counting thus corresponds to the temporal integration of the input current.
- the sought measurement result is therefore digitally available as a count value without having to carry out an analog integration.
- the comparator controls a control logic, which in turn drives the feedback power source. It is particularly easy when the control logic generates counts for the counter.
- the reference potential of the input in particular ground, is provided as reference potential for the comparator. If a reference potential generating unit is provided in which a controller is implemented which eliminates the time average of the feedback current or a proportional feedback voltage and generates the reference potential for the comparator as a manipulated variable, the detrimental effect of the offset voltage and the bias current can easily be eliminated eliminate the input stage and one receives so on a virtually drift-free charge amplifier.
- the idle state that is to say the state in which the sensor emits no charge
- a sensitivity input via which the sensitivity of the feedback current source can be set, and / or a preset input, which can be set via a defined starting point of the counter, can be provided on the charge amplifier.
- the digital uncertainty and possible cross sensitivities between the analog and the digital circuit part can be reduced if the feedback current is modulated in time with a reference frequency source.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the charge amplifier according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a detailed block diagram of the charge amplifier according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a simple implementation of the charge amplifier according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows an implementation of the charge comparator with window comparator according to the invention
- FIG 5 shows an implementation of the charge amplifier with modulated feedback current according to the invention.
- a digital charge amplifier 2 according to the invention is connected to a piezoelectric sensor 1 via an analog input 2.
- a digital signal which is proportional to the charge emitted by the piezoelectric sensor 1 is output at a digital output 3 of the charge amplifier 2. This is in the charge amplifier 2 a
- Comparator 5 is provided which compares the input voltage u e with a reference voltage u 0 .
- the ground potential of the piezoelectric sensor 1 is provided here as the reference voltage u 0 .
- the output of the comparator 5 controls, on the one hand, a feedback current source 6 and also a counter 7.
- the feedback power source 6 generates a Feedback current i f , which compensates the input current i e and thus generates a virtual short circuit at the input.
- the time period during which a positive or negative feedback current (depending on the output of the comparator 5) is fed back, is detected by the counter 7.
- the counting direction of the counter 7 is determined by the sign of the feedback current i f .
- the count of the counter 7 is thus dependent on the feedback current i f and thus also of the input current i e and thus proportional to the output from the piezoelectric sensor 1 charge.
- the basic idea is therefore that the required integration of the input current i e is not carried out analogously by means of a capacitance, as hitherto, but rather digitally and therefore drift-free by means of a counter 7.
- the input stage of the charge amplifier 1 is formed by a comparator 5, which compares the input voltage u e with a reference potential u 0 and its result - characterized for example by the states larger, greater-equal, smaller, smaller-equal - to a control logic 10th outputs.
- the virtual short circuit at the input which is aimed at the current or charge measurement, is here eg
- a constant feedback current i f is generated, as will be described in more detail below.
- a sensitivity input 13 for presetting or for setting a sensitivity E can also be provided on the charge amplifier 1.
- the control logic 10 controls the feedback current source 6 so that the input current i e is being compensated.
- the feedback feedback current i f (or the feedback charge amount) is not set by the instantaneous value of the current, but by the period during which a negative or positive feedback current i f constant and defined current is switched on.
- the current intensity of the feedback current i f is given by the reference voltage u R and the set sensitivity E.
- the time period during which a feedback current i f is generated is determined by the control signals derived from the result of the comparator 5.
- the amount of charge coupled back is proportional to a period of time which can be measured in a simple manner by means of a reference frequency f R which is generated in a reference frequency source 14 and a counter 7.
- 5 counting pulses are generated from the clock signal of the reference frequency source 14 and from the result signals of the comparator, which are counted by the counter 7.
- the counter 7 is advantageously able to count both upwards and downwards.
- This counting corresponds to the time integration of the input current i e and the instantaneous counting result is thus proportional to the amount of charge which is emitted by the piezoelectric sensor 1. That stands the sought reading in digital form and can be output as a digital value at the digital output 4 of the charge amplifier 1.
- a preset input 15 can be provided at the charge amplifier 1, via which the counter 7 can be reset and / or set to a specific counter reading.
- This can also be seen as a definition of an integration constant and used, for example, for adjusting the digital output signal to a measurement value of the piezoelectric sensor known at certain times.
- the reference potential u 0 for the comparator 5 can be generated in a reference potential generation unit 16.
- the reference potential u 0 at the input of the comparator 5 can in the simplest case be the reference potential of the input line or of the piezoelectric sensor 1, that is to say ground.
- an integral controller may expediently be used, which may also have proportional components. The controller has the task of the time average of the feedback current i f , or a proportional thereto feedback voltage u f , disappear.
- the comparator compares the actual value of the feedback voltage u f with a desired value, which is given for example by the reference potential of the input line or the piezoelectric sensor 1. From the detected deviation, it generates the reference potential u 0 for the comparator according to its control characteristic as a manipulated variable.
- the comparator 5 provides only two states, namely greater than or less than equal, which sets the counting direction of the counter 7.
- the control logic 10 is a simple switch whose position causes a positive or negative feedback current i f via a simple differential amplifier.
- the idle state is not detected by the comparator 5, which is why in the idle state constantly between positive and negative feedback current i f back and forth.
- the reference potential u 0 is set here as a function of the feedback voltage u f via an IP controller, in the form of an integrator with a proportional component.
- the idle state can be detected in which no feedback current i f is generated and in which no counting pulses are generated for the counter 7.
- the counter 7 counts up or down or not at all.
- the negative and positive feedback current i f is modulated at the rate of the reference frequency f R , here pulse width modulated (PWM).
- PWM pulse width modulated
- the reference voltage UR and thus also the feedback current i f are symmetrical, ie are zero in the time average.
- Individual or all components of the digital charge amplifier according to the invention, for example the counter or the drift control, which are described in FIGS. 1 to 5 on the basis of hardware can of course also be realized as software, for example on a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP) or a digital signal processor programmable component.
- DSP digital signal processor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Analogue/Digital Conversion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112013005030.7T DE112013005030A5 (de) | 2012-10-17 | 2013-10-16 | Digitaler Ladungsverstärker |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA50458/2012 | 2012-10-17 | ||
| ATA50458/2012A AT511664B1 (de) | 2012-10-17 | 2012-10-17 | Digitaler Ladungsverstärker |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014060469A1 true WO2014060469A1 (de) | 2014-04-24 |
Family
ID=47667363
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/071614 Ceased WO2014060469A1 (de) | 2012-10-17 | 2013-10-16 | Digitaler ladungsverstärker |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT511664B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112013005030A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014060469A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT520762A1 (de) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-07-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Ladungsverstärker und Messsystem zur Driftkompensation und ein Verfahren hierzu |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013014810B4 (de) * | 2013-09-05 | 2019-03-14 | Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben passiver Infrarotsensoren |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2266203A (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1993-10-20 | Crystal Semiconductor Corp | Delta-sigma modulator with low thermal noise performance |
| US6795359B1 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-09-21 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for measuring current as in sensing a memory cell |
| US20080165134A1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2008-07-10 | Apple Computer, Inc. | Digital Controller for a True Multi-point Touch Surface Useable in a Computer System |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3334603A1 (de) * | 1983-09-24 | 1985-04-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Verstaerkeranordnung fuer einen beschleunigungsaufnehmer |
| ATE72913T1 (de) * | 1986-07-18 | 1992-03-15 | Kistler Instrumente Ag | Ladungsverstaerkerschaltung. |
| CH702300A1 (de) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-31 | Kistler Holding Ag | Digitaler Ladungsverstärker. |
-
2012
- 2012-10-17 AT ATA50458/2012A patent/AT511664B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-10-16 DE DE112013005030.7T patent/DE112013005030A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-10-16 WO PCT/EP2013/071614 patent/WO2014060469A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2266203A (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1993-10-20 | Crystal Semiconductor Corp | Delta-sigma modulator with low thermal noise performance |
| US6795359B1 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-09-21 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for measuring current as in sensing a memory cell |
| US20080165134A1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2008-07-10 | Apple Computer, Inc. | Digital Controller for a True Multi-point Touch Surface Useable in a Computer System |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT520762A1 (de) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-07-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Ladungsverstärker und Messsystem zur Driftkompensation und ein Verfahren hierzu |
| AT520762B1 (de) * | 2017-11-06 | 2020-04-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Ladungsverstärker und Messsystem zur Driftkompensation und ein Verfahren hierzu |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT511664B1 (de) | 2016-01-15 |
| DE112013005030A5 (de) | 2015-07-02 |
| AT511664A3 (de) | 2013-11-15 |
| AT511664A2 (de) | 2013-01-15 |
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