WO2014058348A1

WO2014058348A1 - Pallet and method for manufacturing same (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2014058348A1
Application number: PCT/RU2013/000826
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Владимирович ВОРОНЦОВ
Original assignee: Vorontsov Sergei Vladimirovich
Priority date: 2012-10-08
Filing date: 2013-09-23
Publication date: 2014-04-17
Also published as: RU2012142868A; WO2014058348A4; RU2531733C2

Abstract

The claimed group of inventions relates to devices for stacking and storing unit loads, for moving same with a lift truck and also for conveying unit loads using various types of transport, and more particularly relates to reusable pallets and to methods for manufacturing same from wood-based material. The essence of the invention concerning a pallet and a method for manufacturing same is that the pallet comprises a deck (1) and supporting members (2, 3) attached to the deck by fasteners (3); the deck and the supporting members are made from laminated wood, wherein the deck is configured as a single piece from flat laminated wood (plywood) consisting of a plurality of layers of rotary-cut veneer with a mutually perpendicular wood grain arrangement in adjacent layers of veneer, and the supporting members are configured in a given curvilinear shape from bent laminated wood consisting of a plurality of layers of rotary-cut veneer with a lengthwise and mutually perpendicular wood grain arrangement in adjacent layers of veneer.

Description

Pallet and method of manufacturing a pallet (options)

The claimed group of inventions relates to devices designed for warehousing, storage and movement by the loader of piece goods, as well as their transportation by various means of transport, in particular to refillable pallets, and to methods for manufacturing pallets from wood material.

Known pallet for laying goods on it, containing flooring and supporting elements, made as a whole by pressing from a fibrous composition containing osprey and waste paper from corrugated cardboard [1]. The supporting elements in this pallet are made hollow conical shape. The disadvantage of this pallet is that the upper part of the pallet contains openings-cells, which reduces the possibility of using such a pallet for loading small parts. The method of manufacturing and molding a fibrous composition from osprey and waste paper from corrugated cardboard is complex, time-consuming and expensive. Such a pallet has low strength and durability.

Known plastic pallet (pallet) for multiple use, containing flooring and supporting elements made by molding into a mold as a whole, where the flooring is made integral, and the supporting elements are hollow rectangular or conical shape [2]. The disadvantage of this pallet is the laborious and costly manufacturing process of the pallet, the material of the pallet - polyethylene or polypropylene, tends to deform under prolonged exposure to static loads, pallets made of polyethylene, which are in a state of stress for a long time, can crack. Known wooden flat multi-turn pallets intended for the formation of transport packages in the implementation of mechanized loading, unloading, transport and storage operations [3], of which the closest technical solution to the claimed is a single-deck four-way pallet P4 made of wood, including a deck for cargo, made from several boards parallel to each other, and nine symmetrically arranged checkers, forming a space for gripping the pitchfork and loader, connected to the deck by means of three transverse support planks and nails. The pallet is made of edged lumber. We use wood of transport or natural humidity (humidity less than 24%), of arbitrary species (spruce, pine, aspen, alder) that meets the requirements of grades 2, 3 of GOST 8486-86 or 2, 3 grade of GOST 2695-83.

The flooring of the pallet, having a thickness of 20 mm, consists of six boards measuring 20 x 100 x 1200 mm.

Three transverse boards measuring 22 x 100 x 800 mm.

The pallet stands on nine pieces measuring 78 x 100 x 100 mm.

The size of the three lower boards is 20 x 100 x 1200 mm.

Entrance chamfers are made on all three lower boards, facilitating the entry of runners of the hydraulic trolley, as well as chamfers made at the corners of the pallet.

For assembly of the pallet, screw nails or rough (with a transverse notch) nails are used 3.5 x 70 (for fastening the lower boards and checkers, 3 pieces per checker), 3.5 x 90 (for fastening the flooring and checkers, 3 pieces each on a checker) and construction nails 2.5 x 55 (for fixing the flooring boards to the supporting boards, 2 pcs. per connection). The disadvantage of this pallet is that all elements of the pallet are made of edged sawn softwood and hardwood, which leads to an increase in the cost of the pallet; the flooring is made of separate boards with gaps of up to 65 mm, which makes it impossible to move and store small parts, and can also be warped; the thickness of the flooring boards is 20 mm, the thickness of the supporting boards is 22 mm, the checkers are made integral78 x 100 x 100 mm, which leads to an increase in the dead weight of the pallet up to 40 kg; wood moisture can reach 24%, wood defects are possible (knots, knot holes, cracks). All elements of the pallet are interconnected using nails, which increases the manufacturing time of the pallet and reduces the strength and durability of the structure. A wooden pallet requires processing wood from pests and fungi. The three lower boards (skis) make it difficult for the forklift to enter on both sides of the pallet. For transportation, a set of 9 pieces of ready-made pallets is formed.

The problem solved by the group of inventions is the expansion of technological and functional characteristics of the pallet, namely:

1. Reducing the dead weight of the pallet, while maintaining the characteristics of strength and carrying capacity;

2. The ability to manufacture pallets in large volumes at minimal cost;

3. Improving the quality and durability of the pallet;

4. The ability to transport pallets in large quantities in unassembled form. This object is achieved by the fact that in the group of inventions the declared pallet contains a floor for stacking goods and supporting elements attached to the floor with the formation of openings for the entry of the load-lifting organs of the vehicle, the floor and supporting elements are made of laminated wood, and the floor is made of solid glued wood wood (plywood), consisting of several layers of peeled veneer with a mutually perpendicular arrangement of wood fibers in adjacent layers of veneer, and the supporting elements are made curved linear shape, from bent glued wood, consisting of several layers of peeled veneer with a longitudinal and mutually perpendicular arrangement of wood fibers in adjacent veneer layers;

the support element is made stapled with a semicircular or rectilinear base, and the mathematical model of the formation of the support element is based on a geometric figure - a rhombus, truncated along the long diagonal D1 with a semicircle of radius R (Fig. 5), and the value of the angle of inclination of the walls of the support element a is selected from a range of 25 ° - 60 °, and is determined by the formulas sina / 2 = cos a / 2 = D2 / 2a and tg a / 2 = D2 / Dl

where is the side of the rhombus,

D1 and D2 - diagonals of a rhombus,

and β are the angles at the top of the rhombus.

at least two support elements have a counter-curved groove in the end part on one of the sides for overlapping with the third support element to form a thickness H at the interface with the flooring, the size of which is determined by the formula H = hi + 2h2, supporting elements can be made with flat end parts with the possibility of connecting with each other end-to-end with the formation of a thickness HI at the interface with the flooring, the size of which is determined by the formula Hl = hi + h2,

where hi is the thickness of the flooring, hi is the thickness of the supporting element;

the thickness of the flooring is selected from a range of 8-24 mm, and for a flooring with a thickness of 8 mm and 10 mm, a set of packages is made from an even number of sheets and an even number of sheets of veneer; the thickness of the support element is selected from a range of 8-18 mm; own weight of the pallet does not exceed 15 kg, with a load capacity of the pallet 1000 kg; the moisture content of the pallet is at least 8% and does not exceed 10%; the cleanliness of the surface treatment according to GOST 7016 does not exceed 200 microns; the stacking height of at least two pallets does not exceed 270 mm; peeled birch veneer GOST 99-96 with a thickness of 0.5-2 mm and a moisture content of 6 ± 2% are used as the flooring material and supporting elements; which does not require fumigation;

the pallet is collapsible, with the possibility of forming separate sets for transportation from decking and supporting elements, and the supporting elements in the set are folded into each other with their bases up or down to form stops so that the curved grooves of the end parts of the supporting elements of adjacent feet smoothly aligned with each other friend.

A method of manufacturing a pallet includes the following steps: a flat-glued material is made from several layers of peeled veneer and glue by pressing, and a blank is cut for flooring; bent glued blanks for supporting elements are made by bending with simultaneous bonding in the molds of a given profile;

connect three support elements with flat end parts end-to-end to each other, or connect three support elements overlap with each other and with the flooring so that the flat end parts of one of the support elements are curved in the grooves of the end parts of two other support elements and tightly pressed to the flooring; then attach the supporting elements to the deck parallel to the long side of the deck in 3 rows, with the formation of equally wide openings for the entry of the load-gripping organs of the vehicle from either side;

urea-formaldehyde, synthetic or natural adhesives are used as adhesives; supporting elements are attached to the floor by means of fasteners.

Thus, the above set of essential features of the claimed group of alleged inventions allows to achieve the following technical results due to the material used for the manufacture of the pallet - laminated wood:

5. Decrease in own weight of the pallet with preservation of strength and load-lifting characteristics;

6. Providing strength and lifting characteristics due to the bent profile of the supporting elements, due to the mutual arrangement of the veneer layers in the flooring and supporting elements, due to the use of fasteners;

7. Reducing the cost of manufacturing a pallet, due to the savings in natural wood and the possibility of obtaining for a short the time of a large volume of flat and bent glued blanks from peeled veneer - as furniture waste;

8. Reducing the moisture parameter to 8-10%, which allows you to store and transport dry materials;

9. Improving the quality of the surface of the flooring, by making it even and smooth (roughness not more than 200 microns, no wood defects), which eliminates the possibility of warping and damage to cargo during storage and transportation;

10. Providing the ability to move and store small parts due to the implementation of the whole flooring;

1 1. Improving the convenience of approaching the forklift forks when loading from either side of the pallet due to the same width of the entry openings;

12. Reducing the cost and time for the transportation of sets of pallets by increasing the number of shipping lots of pallets in individual packages: flooring - supporting elements, with the possibility of their subsequent assembly;

13. The increase in the service life of the pallet due to the lack of requirements for fumigation;

The alleged group of inventions is represented by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of a pallet (options), in Fig. 2 is a view of the supporting elements, in Fig. 3 is a section B-B (B1-B1); figure 4 - stages of assembly of the pallet (options), figure 5 - the geometry of the support element, figure 6 is a diagram of the transportation sets of the pallet.

The pallet contains a deck 1, supporting elements 2 and 3, which are attached to the deck using fasteners 4 (figure 1). The supporting element 2 is made with a curved groove 8 in one of the end parts, and the supporting element 3 with flat end parts (Fig. 2.) Fig. 3 shows the options for connecting the supporting elements to the flooring: either three supporting elements 3 are connected end to end with flat end parts to each other, or three two supporting elements 2 and one supporting element 3 are overlapped with each other and with the deck 1 so that the flat end parts of the support element 3 are in the curved grooves 8 of the end parts of the support elements 2 and are tightly pressed to the deck 1; at the same time, the supporting elements are attached to the deck parallel to the long side of the deck in 3 rows using fasteners 4 with the formation of openings 6 and 7 of the same width S. for the fork forks to enter (Fig. 4).

Flooring 1 is made whole and flat by gluing several layers of peeled veneer using urea-formaldehyde, synthetic or natural glue. The supporting elements 2, 3 are made of peeled veneer by bending with simultaneous gluing in the molds of a given profile, which can be staple with both a semicircular base and a flat base (Fig. 2); The mathematical model of the shaping process is based on a rhombus, truncated along the long diagonal D1 with a semicircle of radius R, with calculated values of the angle of inclination of the walls of the supporting element a and β (Fig. 5).

The pallet is packaged for transportation in unassembled form in separate sets: a set of decks 5, a set of supporting elements 9, (Fig.6). It is assembled on site rather quickly without special devices, in the sequence indicated in FIG. 4 When assembled, the pallet can be transported in packs of 10 to 9 pieces per pack, and unassembled in sets of packages with similar dimensions: flooring - 41 pcs., Supporting elements - by 51 pcs, (Fig.6)., And the supporting elements 2 are folded into each other in the feet 9 bases up or down so that the curved grooves of the end parts of the supporting elements of adjacent feet mated with each other.

The main advantages of a pallet of glued blanks:

1. Own mass of the pallet - not more than 15 kg. (Wooden pallet - not more than 40 kg);

2. The flooring of the pallet has a smooth smooth surface, which eliminates the possibility of warping, damage to the cargo;

3. The flooring of the pallet has a continuous flat surface, which makes it possible to store small parts, etc .;

4. The pallet is convenient for storage, ie when storing two pallets into each other, the height will be no more than 270 mm;

5. The pallet is connected by self-tapping screws, which gives it, in contrast to the connection with nails, strength;

6. The pallet has no defects of wood (knots, openings from knots, cracks, wormholes);

7. The cleanliness of the surface treatment according to GOST 7016 is not more than 200 μm, (wooden pallet - 500 μm);

8. The moisture content of the pallet is 8-10%, which makes it possible to store dry material on it;

9. Does not require fumigation;

10. The disassembled pallet is convenient for transportation of goods.

[1] (Certificate for PM JY_>5790); [2] www.tara.ru Product catalog. Plastic pallet art. MV Euro 01 -OA., Art PE 865 V;

[3] (GOST 9078-84 (ST SEV 317-76)).

Claims

Claim

1. The pallet, including the floor for stacking goods and supporting elements attached to the floor with the formation of openings for the entry of the load-gripping organs of the vehicle, characterized in that the floor and supporting elements are made of laminated wood, and the floor is made of solid glued wood, consisting of several layers of peeled veneer with a mutually perpendicular arrangement of wood fibers in adjacent layers of veneer, and the supporting elements are made of a given curved shape, from bent glued wood, with oyaschey of several layers of veneer sheets with longitudinal and mutually perpendicular arrangement of the wood fibers in the adjacent layers of veneer.

2. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the support element is made stapled with a semicircular or rectilinear base, and the mathematical model of the process of forming the support element is based on a geometric figure - a rhombus, truncated along the long diagonal D1 with a semicircle of radius R (Fig. 5) and the value of the angle of inclination of the walls of the support element a is selected from a range of 25 ° - 60 °, and is determined by the formulas

sina / 2 = cos a / 2 = D2 / 2a and tg / 2 = D2 / Dl

where is the side of the rhombus,

D1 and D2 - diagonals of a rhombus,

and β are the angles at the top of the rhombus.

3. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two support elements have a curved groove in the end part from one of the sides for connection with the third support element overlap with the formation at the interface with the flooring of thickness H, the size of which is determined by the formula H = hi + 2h2,

where hi is the thickness of the flooring, hi is the thickness of the supporting element.

4. A pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the flooring thickness is selected from a range of 8-24 mm, and for a flooring of 8 mm and 10 mm thickness, a set of packages is made from an even number of sheets and an even number of veneer sheets.

5. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the supporting element is selected from a range of 8-18 mm.

6. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the unladen weight of the pallet does not exceed 15 kg, with a load capacity of 1000 pallets.

7. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture content of the pallet is at least 8% and does not exceed 10%.

8. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleanliness of the surface treatment of the flooring in accordance with GOST 7016 does not exceed 200 μm.

9. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the stacking height of at least two pallets does not exceed 270 mm

10. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the shelled birch veneer GOST 99-96 with a thickness of 0.5-2 mm and a moisture content of 6 ± 2% is used as the flooring material and supporting elements.

1 1. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the flooring and supporting elements does not require fumigation.

12. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that it is collapsible, with the possibility of forming separate sets for transportation from decking and supporting elements, the supporting elements being folded into each other with their bases up or down to form stop so that the curved grooves of the end parts of the supporting elements of adjacent feet smoothly aligned with each other.

13. A pallet, including items 1, 2, items 4 to 12, characterized in that the end parts of the support elements are made flat, with the possibility of connecting with each other end-to-end with the formation at the interface with the flooring thickness HI, the size of which is determined by the formula Hl = hi + h2,

14. A method of manufacturing a pallet according to claims 1 to 13, including the manufacture of flooring and supporting elements from laminated glued wood and their connection with each other, characterized in that

make a flat-glued blank for flooring from several layers of peeled veneer and glue by pressing;

bent glued blanks for supporting elements are made by bending with simultaneous bonding in the molds of a given profile;

they connect the supporting elements to the floor in a certain order: three supporting elements with flat end parts butt to each other are attached to the floor parallel to the long side of the floor in 3 rows with the formation of equally wide openings for the entrance of the load-carrying organs of the vehicle from either side.

15. A method of manufacturing a pallet according to claim 13, characterized in that urea-formaldehyde, synthetic or natural adhesives are used as the adhesive.

16. A method of manufacturing a pallet according to claim 13, characterized in that the supporting elements are attached to the floor by means of fasteners.

17. A method of manufacturing a pallet according to claims 1 to 12, including the manufacture of flooring and supporting elements and their connection with each other, characterized in that

connect three supporting elements with an overlap with each other and with the flooring so that the flat end parts of one of the supporting elements are in the curved grooves of the end parts of the other two supporting elements and are tightly pressed to the flooring; then they are attached parallel to the long side of the flooring in 3 rows with the formation of equally wide openings for the entry of the load-gripping organs of the vehicle from either side.

18. A method of manufacturing a pallet according to claim 17, characterized in that urea-formaldehyde, synthetic or natural adhesives are used as the adhesive.

19. A method of manufacturing a pallet according to claim 17, characterized in that the supporting elements are attached to the floor by means of fasteners.