RU2741161C1 - Cargo tray - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: storage; manufacturing technology.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pallets used for transportation and storage of goods by means of flooring with a row of supports, made in the form of a space-cellular structure formed from parallel installed sheet elements with vertical slots and lugs on the upper end surface, with formation of slot gap and gate, made with vertical slots separated by ledges, extreme of which are shortened. Gates are installed vertically with vertical slots perpendicular to vertical slots of sheet elements. Flooring is equipped with row of longitudinal cuts for appropriate tabs of sheet elements of supports. Tabs are arranged above surface of flooring, at interaction of supports with flooring, through slotted clearances of sheet elements. Layout of reeds on the surface of the floor facilitates retention of loads, for example, box-boxes during transportation.EFFECT: technical result consists in possibility of fast installation and dismantling of pallet without using special means; reduced dimensions of the product after dismantling.1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for storing, storing and moving a loader of packages, boxes, containers, in particular to reusable pallets, capable of mounting, dismantling.

Known pat.RU No. 2.553.022, IPC B65D 19/00, "Cargo pallet and cargo pallet flooring", publ. 10.06.2015 Bul. No. 16.

The cargo pallet contains deck and supports. Represents a multi-layer structure of nested molded parts made by vacuum forming on mesh forms. The details are made in the form of transverse bases with hollow projections of the supports, a monolithic slab with hollow inserts that repeat the shape of the hollow projections of the supports and inserted in them support inserts made of stiffeners fixed in the hollow inserts of the monolithic flooring slab. Has stiffening ribs of a trapezoidal cross section. The stiffeners of one plate are inserted between the stiffeners of the other.

The deck plate is fixed by means of support liners made of stiffeners.

Disadvantages:

- dismantling and reassembly is impossible, the occupied volume can be changed only partially;

- the production of such pallets is associated with high labor costs. Known US Pat. RF No.2.628.926, IPC B65D 19/00, "Cargo pallet", publ. 08/22/2017 Bul. No. 24.

The pallet consists of a deck plate, four supports and connectors. The flooring sheet is provided with at least three U-shaped notches made with the possibility of forming tongues for installing and fixing them in the supports. The supports are in the form of a parallelepiped, and are equipped with seats in the form of triangles, in two corners of which there are recesses for fixing the connecting elements in them, in mutually perpendicular planes. Each connecting element is a corner, the flooring sheet can be made of plastic, plywood or cardboard.

In each support, six seats are made in the form of triangles or L-shaped holes for passing and fixing the connecting elements of the corners in each support.

The disadvantages of the design include:

- the accuracy of fixing the flooring, only due to the tongues, is not enough;

- installation of a cargo pallet with a flooring, using connecting elements in the form of corners, has a sufficient complexity of assembly, since it is necessary to accurately install the supports, with an appropriate orientation on the plane, in order to accurately align the mounting holes in the supports;

- the flooring has a smooth surface, that when installing boxes-containers and other goods on it, it is necessary to take measures to fix them;

- after the delivery of the cargo, the cargo pallet is returned to the base by freight transport without disassembly into its constituent elements, since the volume occupied by the elements after disassembly does not change. This results in low vehicle utilization.

Known US Pat. RF No. 2.531.733, IPC B65D 19/00, "Pallet and method of manufacturing a pallet", publ. 20.04.2011 Bul. No. 11, taken by the author as a prototype.

The pallet contains a flooring for stowing cargo, boxes, and, supporting elements attached to the flooring, with the formation of openings for the introduction of the load-gripping bodies of the vehicle. The flooring and supporting elements are made of laminated glued wood, and the flooring is made of solid laminated wood (plywood). The supporting elements are made of a given curvilinear shape from bent glued wood with a semicircular or rectilinear base.

Support elements attached to the deck by means of fasteners. The loader can interact with the pallet from either side, due to the same width of the winding openings.

The disadvantages of the pallet design include:

- the need to fasten the supporting elements to the flooring requires additional work on drilling a number of holes in the body of the supporting elements and the flooring, followed by rigid fastening with screws or pins;

- during the initial assembly, component parts can be transported in the form of packages of supporting elements and flooring, but after assembling the pallet, it is problematic to bring it to its original position, therefore it is possible to reduce the dimensions in height only when stacking only two pallets, which slightly reduces production costs when transporting to place of application;

- the presence of a smooth pallet limits its use, when stacking boxes-containers on it, fastening and fixing of which requires the use of additional means.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the proposed invention:

- the use of the same type of material for the manufacture of structural parts of the cargo pallet reduces labor costs for manufacturing and installation;

- the ability to quickly mount and dismantle the pallet without the use of special tools;

- reducing the weight of the pallet, while maintaining a high bearing capacity;

- reducing the dimensions of the product after disassembly, allows you to save on the freight of the pallet to the place of reloading;

- ensuring the fixation of boxes-containers on the floor, when interacting with the tongues, does not require the use of special technical means for their fastening;

- the fixing of the supports on the flooring occurs due to the elastic interaction of the tongues of the sheet elements with the flooring sheet.

The technical result is achieved in that the cargo pallet consists of a flooring in the form of a whole fiberboard, supports associated with the flooring and spaced across the area, with the formation of technological openings for placing hooks of lifting equipment. The supports are made in the form of a cellular structure of parallel installed sheet elements provided with vertical slots and tongues on the upper end surface, with the formation of a slotted gap and, a shutter with vertical slots separated by protrusions, the outermost of which are shortened. Valves with vertical slots are installed perpendicular to the vertical slots of the sheet elements. The width of the vertical slots of the shutter is equal to twice the thickness of the flooring sheet provided with a number of longitudinal notches for the corresponding tongues of the sheet elements of the supports. The length of the longitudinal cuts is equal to the distance between the vertical cuts of the sheet elements. The tabs of the sheet elements are located above the surface of the deck, when the supports interact with the deck through the slotted gaps of the sheet elements.

For the manufacture of component parts, laser cutting of material with CNC (numerical control) is used.

The design of the pallet is illustrated by drawings where:

- in Fig. 1 general view of the cargo pallet assembly of the flooring with supports;

- in Fig. 2 General view of the cargo pallet assembly with the supports rotated 180 °;

- in Fig. 3 is a general view of the assembled support from individual elements;

- in Fig. 4 sheet support element;

- in Fig. 5 is a general view of the shutter for ensuring the assembly and fixation of the support sheet members;

- in Fig. 6 is a general view of the flooring with longitudinal grooves for assembly with supports;

- in Fig. 7 end view of the deck assembled with supports;

- in Fig. 8 placement on the surface of the flooring boxes-containers side view;

- in Fig. 9 mutual position of boxes-containers on the platform, view from the end;

- in Fig. 10 shows a general view of a stack of boxes-containers placed on a cargo pallet.

The cargo pallet consists of a flooring 1 installed on supports 2, spaced apart over the area, with the formation of technological openings 3, along and from the end of the flooring 1, to ensure the entry of hooks of lifting equipment.

Support 2 is shown assembled in FIG. 3 and consists of 4 packs of sheet elements, grouped two in a pack.

The number of sheet element packages 4 for assembling one support 2 is taken at least three. The sheet metal member 4 is shown separately in FIG. 4 and is a rectangle in the upper part of which the tabs 5 are made formed by creating a slotted gap 6.

In the body of the sheet element 4, vertical slots 7 are made, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the sheet from which the flooring 1 is made. To form the cellular structure of the support 2, the gates 8 shown in FIG. 5. The shutter 8 has the shape of a rectangle, in which vertical grooves 9 are made, the width of which is equal to twice the thickness of the sheet from which the flooring 1 is made, with the orientation of the vertical grooves 9 downward. The depth of the vertical grooves 9 is equal to half the height of the body of the shutter 8. The vertical grooves 9 are separated from each other by projections 10, the outermost of which are shortened. The width of the projections 10 determines the distance between the packages of sheet metal elements 4 when assembling the support 2.

The support 2 is formed of three sheet elements 4 and three closures 8 included in the vertical slots 7 of the sheet elements 4 with the possibility of contact of the projections 10 with the side surfaces of the sheet elements 4.

FIG. 6 shows a flooring 1 provided with a number of longitudinal cuts 11 located over its area. The width of the slits 11 is equal to twice the thickness of the sheet from which the flooring 1 is made. The length of the notches 11 is equal to half the length of the sheet element 4, and their number and distribution on the flooring 1 is adequate to the number and position of the tongues 5 on the support 2.

In the middle part of the flooring 1, two supports 2 are installed close to each other, with the formation of technological openings 3.

The assembly of the pallet takes place in the following sequence:

- the supports 2 are assembled using a horizontal surface, on which three grooves are made with a width equal to the double thickness of the sheet from which the flooring is made 1. The distance between the grooves is equal in value to the transverse size of the protrusions 10 on the shutter 8. Sheet elements 4 are installed in the grooves, with the tongues 5 upwards ... The shutters 8 are inserted into the vertical slots 7 of the sheet elements 4 up to the stop, with the outer side of the sheet elements 4 being covered with external shortened protrusions 10, with the placement of the inner protrusions 10 between the sheet elements 4.

Thus, all supports 2 of the cargo pallet are assembled.

Installation of a cargo pallet.

Decking 1 is installed and fixed in a vertical position. Sequentially from bottom to top of the first of the supports 2, tabs 5 are inserted into the grooves 11 and the support 2 is pushed onto the flooring 1 with the location of the tabs 5 above the surface of the flooring 1 and the support 2 is fixed by pushing the support 2 and inserting the flooring body 1 into the slotted gaps 6 on the sheet elements 4 ...

The thrust of the tongues 5 of the supports 2 on the deck 1 occurs in the direction from the technological openings 3.

The location of the tabs 5 above the surface of the flooring 1 allows fixing the position of the boxes-containers as shown in FIG. 8, 9. In this way, all the supports are installed 2.

The pallet is returned to the horizontal position after assembly.

After delivery of the cargo, for example boxes-containers to the consumer, to save money and more complete loading of freight transport, the cargo pallet can be easily disassembled into its components: flooring 1; supports 2 on sheet elements 4 and closures 8, with their stacking.

Analysis of technical solutions showed that there are known wooden pallets that have multiple use, when carrying out handling operations with them through the use of lifting equipment (see GOST 9078 (ST SEV 317-76). The pallet allows you to work with it from all The flooring for placing loads is made of boards parallel to each other and nine symmetrically located checkers, which form technological openings for gripping the pallet with the fork of a forklift. The checkers are connected to the flooring by nails.

It is known that the supports are hollow in the manufacture of the pallet by casting, the flooring is made intact. The flooring is manufactured by injection molding. Supports are made of rectangular or conical shape (see "Product catalog. Plastic pallet. Art. MV Euro 01 0A").

The pallet is not collapsible. The technological process is costly. The material from which the pallet is made is capable of flowing under high axial load when the pallets are stacked. Those. there is a limitation in application, with a high stack of cargo.

Known pallet for fastening and transporting goods (see US Pat. RF No. 2.396.194, IPC B65D 19/00, publ. 08/10/2010, bull. No. 22).

The surface of the platform is rough or contains many centering ribs or projections arranged in a circle or square, applied to the surface.

Vertical cuts 7 of sheet elements 4, vertical grooves 9 of gates 8 and longitudinal cuts 11 of deck 1 are made using laser cutting of material with CNC (numerical control), which allows you to obtain cuts 7, grooves 9, cuts 11 with high precision production without additional calibration , fitting or machining of pallet components.

The declared cargo pallet is made of dry fiber board produced by HDF TU 600012256014-2018. Certificate according to DC / 05/2019 TRS-39. The overall dimensions of the plate are 2440 × 1220 × 3.0 mm. Plates are produced by JSC Borisovdrev for the production of furniture and other consumer goods.

Claims (1)

A cargo pallet consisting of a flooring, in the form of a whole fiberboard, supports associated with the flooring and spaced across the flooring area, with the formation of technological openings, for placing hooks of lifting equipment, characterized in that the supports are made in the form of a cellular structure of parallel installed sheet elements equipped with vertical slots and tongues on the upper end surface with the formation of a slotted gap, a gate with vertical slots separated by protrusions, the outermost of which are shortened and installed perpendicular to the vertical slots of the sheet elements, and the width of the vertical slots of the gate is equal to twice the thickness of the flooring sheet provided with a row longitudinal cuts, for the corresponding tabs of the sheet elements of the supports, the length of the longitudinal cuts is equal to the distance between the vertical slots of the sheet elements, and the tongues are placed above the surface of the flooring, when the supports interact with the flooring, through the slotted gaps of the sheet electric elements.

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