RU2531733C2 - Pallet and method of its fabrication - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to devices intended for warehousing, storage handing or cargoes and goods, particularly, to pallets and to method of their production. Proposed pallet consists of deck 1, bearing elements 2, 3 secured to said deck by fasteners 3. Said deck and said elements are made of sandwiched glued wood. Note here that said deck is made solid of flatly glued wood (plywood) composed of several plies of peeled veneer with mutually perpendicular wood fibres in adjacent plies. Bearing elements feature preset curvilinear shape and are made of bent wood. The latter consists of several layer of peeled veneer with mutually perpendicular wood fibres in adjacent plies.

EFFECT: perfected design.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The claimed group of inventions relates to devices designed for warehousing, storage and movement by the loader of piece goods, as well as their transportation by various means of transport, in particular to refillable pallets, and to methods for manufacturing pallets from wood material.

Known pallet for laying goods on it, containing flooring and supporting elements, made as a whole by pressing from a fibrous composition containing osprey and waste paper from corrugated cardboard [1]. The supporting elements in this pallet are made hollow conical shape. The disadvantage of this pallet is that the upper part of the pallet contains openings-cells, which reduces the possibility of using such a pallet for loading small parts. The method of manufacturing and molding a fibrous composition from osprey and waste paper from corrugated cardboard is complex, time-consuming and expensive. Such a pallet has low strength and durability.

Known plastic pallet (pallet) for multiple use, containing flooring and supporting elements made by molding in a mold as a whole, where the flooring is made integral, and the supporting elements are hollow, rectangular or conical shape [2]. The disadvantage of such a pallet is the laborious and costly manufacturing process of the pallet, the material of the pallet - polyethylene or polypropylene, tends to deform under prolonged exposure to static loads, pallets made of polyethylene that are in a state of stress for a long time can crack.

Known wooden flat multi-turn pallets intended for the formation of transport packages during the implementation of mechanized loading, unloading, transport and storage operations [3], of which the closest technical solution to the declared one is a single-deck four-way pallet P4 made of wood, including flooring for cargo, made of several boards parallel to each other, and nine symmetrically arranged checkers, forming a space for gripping the fork pallet mi loader connected to the deck using three transverse support boards and nails. The pallet is made of edged lumber. We use wood of transport or natural humidity (humidity less than 24%), arbitrary species (spruce, pine, aspen, alder), which meets the requirements of grades 2, 3 of GOST 8486-86 or 2, 3 grade of GOST 2695-83.

The flooring of the pallet, having a thickness of 20 mm, consists of six boards with a size of 20 × 100 × 1200 mm.

Three transverse planks measuring 22 × 100 × 800 mm. The pallet stands on nine pieces with a size of 78 × 100 × 100 mm. The size of the three lower boards is 20 × 100 × 1200 mm.

Entrance chamfers are made on all three lower boards, facilitating the entry of runners of the hydraulic trolley, as well as chamfers made at the corners of the pallet. For the assembly of the pallet, screw or rugged (with a transverse notch) nails are used 3.5 × 70 (for fastening the lower boards and checkers, 3 pieces per checker), 3.5 × 90 (for fastening the flooring and checkers, 3 pieces each). on a checker) and construction nails 2.5 × 55 (for attaching floorboards to bearing boards, 2 pcs. per connection).

The disadvantage of this pallet is that all elements of the pallet are made of edged sawn softwood and hardwood, which leads to an increase in the cost of the pallet; the flooring is made of separate boards with gaps of up to 65 mm, which makes it impossible to move and store small parts, and can also be warped; the thickness of the flooring boards is 20 mm, the thickness of the supporting boards is 22 mm, the checkers are made solid 78 × 100 × 100 mm, which leads to an increase in the dead weight of the pallet up to 40 kg; wood moisture can reach 24%, wood defects are possible (knots, knot holes, cracks). All elements of the pallet are interconnected using nails, which increases the manufacturing time of the pallet and reduces the strength and durability of the structure. A wooden pallet requires processing wood from pests and fungi. The three lower boards (skis) make it difficult for the forklift to enter on both sides of the pallet. For transportation, a set of 9 pieces of ready-made pallets is formed.

The problem solved by the group of inventions is the expansion of technological and functional characteristics of the pallet, namely:

1. Reducing the dead weight of the pallet, while maintaining the characteristics of strength and load capacity,

2. The ability to manufacture pallets in large volumes at minimal cost;

3. Improving the quality and durability of the pallet;

4. The ability to transport pallets in large quantities in unassembled form.

This object is achieved by the fact that in the group of inventions the claimed pallet contains a floor for stacking goods and supporting elements attached to the floor with the formation of openings for entry of the load-gripping organs of the vehicle, the floor and supporting elements are made of laminated glued wood, and the floor is made of solid wood (plywood), consisting of several layers of peeled veneer with a mutually perpendicular arrangement of wood fibers in adjacent layers of veneer, and the supporting elements hydrochloric curved shape of curved timber, consisting of several layers of veneer sheets with longitudinal and mutually perpendicular arrangement of the wood fibers in the adjacent layers of veneer; the support element is made stapled with a semicircular or rectilinear base, and the mathematical model of the formation of the support element is based on a geometric figure - a rhombus, truncated along the long diagonal D1 with a semicircle of radius R (figure 5), and the value of the angle of inclination of the walls of the support element a is selected from a range of 25 ° -60 °, and is determined by the formulas

sinα / 2 = cosα / 2 = D2 / 2a and tgα / 2 = D2 / D1

where is the side of the rhombus,

D1 and D2 - diagonals of a rhombus,

α and β are the angles at the rhombus apex, at least two support elements have a curved groove in the end part on one of the sides for overlapping with the third support element to form a thickness H at the interface with the flooring, the size of which is determined by the formula H = h ₁ + 2h ₂ , the supporting elements can be made with flat end parts with the possibility of connecting with each other end-to-end with the formation of a thickness H1 at the interface with the flooring, the size of which is determined by the formula H1 = h ₁ + h ₂ ,

where h ₁ is the thickness of the flooring, h ₂ is the thickness of the supporting element; the thickness of the flooring is selected from the range of 8-24 mm, and for the flooring with a thickness of 8 mm and 10 mm, a set of packages is made from an even number of sheets and an even number of sheets of veneer; the thickness of the support element is selected from a range of 8-18 mm; own weight of the pallet does not exceed 15 kg, with a load capacity of the pallet 1000 kg; the moisture content of the pallet is at least 8% and does not exceed 10%; the cleanliness of the surface treatment according to GOST 7016 does not exceed 200 microns; the stacking height of at least two pallets does not exceed 270 mm; peeled veneer of arbitrary species according to GOST 99-96 with a thickness of 0.5-2 mm, humidity 6 ± 2% is used as the material of the flooring and supporting elements; which does not require fumigation.

    The pallet is made collapsible, with the possibility of forming separate sets for transportation from decking and supporting elements, moreover, the supporting elements in the set are folded into each other with their bases up or down to form stops so that the curved grooves of the end parts of the supporting elements of adjacent feet smoothly mate each other with a friend.

A method of manufacturing a pallet includes the following steps: make a flat-glued material from several layers of peeled veneer and glue by pressing, and cut the blank for flooring; bent glued blanks for supporting elements are made by bending with simultaneous gluing in the molds of a given profile; connect three support elements with flat end parts end-to-end to each other, or connect three support elements overlap with each other and with the flooring so that the flat end parts of one of the support elements are curved in the grooves of the end parts of two other support elements and tightly pressed to the flooring; then attach the supporting elements to the deck parallel to the long side of the deck in 3 rows, with the formation of equally wide openings for the entry of the load-gripping organs of the vehicle from either side; synthetic or natural adhesives are used as glue; supporting elements are attached to the floor by means of fasteners.

Thus, the above set of essential features of the claimed group of inventions allows to achieve the following technical results due to the material used for the manufacture of the pallet - laminated glued wood.

5. Decrease in own weight of the pallet with preservation of strength and load-lifting characteristics;

6. Providing strength and lifting characteristics due to the bent profile of the supporting elements, due to the mutual arrangement of the veneer layers in the flooring and supporting elements, due to the use of fasteners;

7. Reducing the cost of manufacturing a pallet, due to the savings in natural wood and the possibility of obtaining in a short time a large amount of flat and bent glued blanks from peeled veneer - as furniture waste;

8. Reducing the moisture parameter to 8-10%, which allows you to store and transport dry materials;

9. Improving the quality of the surface of the flooring, by making it even and smooth (roughness not more than 200 microns, no wood defects), which eliminates the possibility of warping and damage to goods during storage and transportation;

10. Providing the ability to move and store small parts due to the implementation of the whole flooring;

11. Improving the convenience of approaching the forks of the loader when loading from either side of the pallet due to the same width of the entry openings;

12. Reducing the cost and time for the transportation of sets of pallets by increasing the number of shipping lots of pallets in individual packages: flooring - supporting elements, with the possibility of their subsequent assembly;

13. Reducing the time and cost of fumigation (does not require fumigation).

The proposed group of inventions is represented by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of a pallet, in Fig. 2 is a view of supporting elements, in Fig. 3 is a section A-A; figure 4 - stages of assembly of the pallet (options), figure 5 is a section B-B, figure 6 is a diagram of the transportation sets of the pallet.

The pallet contains a deck 1, supporting elements 2 and 3, which are attached to the deck using fasteners 4 (figure 1). The supporting element 2 is made with a curved groove 8 in one of the end parts, and the supporting element 3 with flat end parts (Fig. 2.) Figure 3 shows the connection options of the supporting elements with the flooring: either three supporting elements 3 are connected with a flat end end-to-end to each other, or to connect three two support elements 2 and one support element 3 overlap with each other and with the floor 1 so that the flat end parts of the support element 3 are in the curved grooves 8 of the end parts of the support elements 2 and are tightly pressed flooring 1; then the supporting elements are attached to the deck parallel to the long side of the deck in three rows with fasteners 4 with the formation of openings 6 and 7 of the same width S for the fork forks to enter (Fig. 4). Flooring 1 is made whole and flat by gluing several layers of peeled veneer using synthetic or natural glue. The supporting elements 2, 3 are made of peeled veneer by bending with simultaneous gluing in the molds of a given profile, which can be staple with both a semicircular base and a flat base (figure 2); the mathematical model of the shaping process is based on a rhombus, truncated along the long diagonal D1 with a semicircle of radius R, with calculated values of the angle of inclination of the walls of the support element α and β (Fig. 5).

The pallet is packaged for transportation in disassembled form in separate sets: a set of decks 5, a set of supporting elements 9 (Fig.6). Assembled on the spot quickly enough without special devices, in the sequence indicated in figure 4. When assembled, the pallet can be transported in packages of 10 to 9 pieces per pack, and unassembled in sets of packages with similar dimensions: flooring - 41 pcs., Supporting elements - 51 pcs. in one layer, the package has seven layers, totaling 357 pieces (Fig.6), and the supporting elements 2 are folded into each other in the feet 9 bases up or down so that the curved grooves 8 of the end parts of the supporting elements of adjacent feet mate with friend.

The main advantages of a pallet of glued blanks

1. Own mass of the pallet - not more than 15 kg (wooden pallet - not more than 40 kg).

2. The flooring of the pallet has a smooth smooth surface, which eliminates the possibility of warping, damage to the cargo.

3. The flooring of the pallet has a continuous flat surface, which makes it possible to store small parts, etc.

4. The pallet is convenient for storage, ie when storing two pallets into each other, the height will be no more than 270 mm.

5. The pallet is connected by self-tapping screws, which gives it, unlike the connection with nails, strength.

6. The pallet has no wood defects (knots, knot holes, cracks, wormholes).

7. The cleanliness of the surface treatment according to GOST 7016 is not more than 200 microns (wooden pallet - 500 microns).

8. The moisture content of the pallet is 8-10%, which makes it possible to store dry material on it.

9. Does not require fumigation.

10. The disassembled pallet is convenient for transportation of goods.

Information sources

[1] (Certificate for PM No. 5790).

[2] Product catalog. Plastic pallet art. MV Euro 01-OA., Art PE 865 B.

[3] (GOST 9078-84 (ST SEV 317-76))

Claims (3)

1. A pallet including a stacking floor made of solid wood glued wood, consisting of several layers of peeled veneer with mutually perpendicular arrangement of wood fibers in adjacent veneer layers, and supporting elements, stapled in shape, with a semicircular or rectilinear base made of bent glued wood, consisting of several layers of peeled veneer with a longitudinal and mutually perpendicular arrangement of wood fibers in adjacent layers of veneer; attached to the floor, with the formation of openings for entry of the load-gripping organs of the vehicle; the pallet is made collapsible with the possibility of folding the supporting elements into each other for transportation, characterized in that at least two supporting elements have a counter-curved groove in the end part of one of the sides for connecting with the third supporting element with an overlap with the formation of a thickness in the place of mating with the flooring H, the size of which is determined by the formula H = h ₁ + 2h ₂ ,
where h ₁ is the thickness of the flooring, h ₂ is the thickness of the supporting element 2. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting elements are arranged to fold them into each other in three feet, so that the bases of the supporting elements of the extreme feet are directed opposite to the bases of the supporting elements of the middle foot, while the curved end parts of the supporting elements , at least one of the extreme feet, mate with the same end parts of the supporting elements of the middle foot. 3. A method of manufacturing a pallet according to claims 1 and 2, including the manufacture of flat-glued blanks for flooring from several layers of peeled veneer and glue by pressing; the manufacture of bent glued blanks for supporting elements by bending with simultaneous bonding in the molds of a given profile; the connection of the supporting elements end-to-end with each other and with the flooring by means of fasteners in a certain order: three supporting elements parallel to the long side of the flooring in three rows with the formation of equally wide openings for the entry of the load-lifting organs of the vehicle from either side; characterized in that the three support elements overlap with each other and with the floor so that the flat end parts of one of the support elements are in the curved grooves of the end parts of the other two support elements and are tightly pressed to the floor.

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