WO2014057997A1 - 初期化ペプチド及びその用途 - Google Patents
初期化ペプチド及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014057997A1 WO2014057997A1 PCT/JP2013/077536 JP2013077536W WO2014057997A1 WO 2014057997 A1 WO2014057997 A1 WO 2014057997A1 JP 2013077536 W JP2013077536 W JP 2013077536W WO 2014057997 A1 WO2014057997 A1 WO 2014057997A1
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Classifications
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
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- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/10—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a tag for extracellular membrane crossing, e.g. TAT or VP22
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- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
- C12N2506/13—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells
- C12N2506/1307—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from connective tissue cells, from mesenchymal cells from adult fibroblasts
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- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
- C12N2506/28—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from vascular endothelial cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pluripotent spheroid cells. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing pluripotent spheroid cells by introducing a peptide having a nuclear translocation signal, that is, an initialization peptide, into differentiated cells. The present invention also relates to differentiated cells differentiated from pluripotent spheroid cells and a method for producing the same. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with tissue damage, which comprises a reprogramming peptide.
- Non-patent Document 1 introduced the Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc genes into a fibroblast derived from a reporter mouse in which a neomycin resistance gene was knocked in at the Fbx15 locus, and forced expression.
- iPS cells were established.
- Okita et al. Non-Patent Document 2 created a transgenic mouse in which a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a puromycin resistance gene were incorporated into the locus of Nanog whose expression was more restricted to pluripotent cells than Fbx15.
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- IPS cells whose gene expression and epigenetic modification are almost the same as those of embryonic stem (ES) cells by forcibly expressing the above 4 genes in fibroblasts derived from the mice and selecting puromycin-resistant and GFP-positive cells (Nanog iPS cells) was successfully established. Similar results were reproduced by other groups (Non-Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 4). Thereafter, it was revealed that iPS cells can also be produced by 3 factors excluding the c-Myc gene (Non-patent Document 5).
- Non-Patent Document 6 succeeded in establishing iPS cells by introducing the same 4 genes as in mice into human skin-derived fibroblasts.
- Yu et al. (Non-patent Document 7) produced human iPS cells using Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28 genes.
- iPS cells inferior to ES cells in differentiation pluripotency can be produced in humans and mice by introducing specific factors into somatic cells.
- Non-patent Document 7 iPS cell colonies were obtained by introducing 3 types of genes except Nanog or Lin28 among 4 types of genes, but not Oct3 / 4 or Sox2 genes. Since iPS cell colonies were not obtained by the three types of gene introduction, the importance of Oct3 / 4 and Sox2 genes in the establishment of iPS cells was shown (see also Patent Document 1). Park et al. (Non-Patent Document 8) also state that Oct3 / 4 and Sox2 are essential for the establishment of iPS cells.
- Oct3 / 4 Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc genes are introduced to produce mouse iPS cells.
- iPS cells are induced by Dox-inducible system. This method is disclosed. It is also described that iPS cells could be successfully induced using mature B cells as somatic cells.
- Patent document 3 Yamanaka (patent document 3) and Thomson et al. (Patent document 1) have been published as patent documents relating to inducing iPS cells from somatic cells.
- Yamanaka et al.'S discovery breaks down and induces induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
- Several combinations have been proposed as possible reprogramming factors, all of which induce induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.
- the only common factor among the proposed combinations of initialization factors is Oct3 / 4.
- Oct3 / 4 has been reported that reprogramming occurs only with Oct3 / 4 (Kim, JB et al., Cell, 136: 411-419 (2009)).
- the somatic cells used were the Sox2 gene. Is a neural stem cell that is expressed endogenously and is a special case.
- Oct3 / 4 and Sox2 WO2008 / 118820
- Oct3 / 4 and Klf4 Kim, JB et al., Nature, 454: 646-650 ( 2008), Shi, Y. et al., Cell Stem Cell, 2: 525-528 (2008)
- Oct3 / 4 and c-Myc Kim, JB et al., Nature, 454: 646-650 (2008)
- a combination of two factors consisting of) has been reported.
- the object of the present invention is to find a novel method that enables reprogramming of somatic cells, which has not been reported so far, and using this method, from somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. To provide like-like cells, reprogrammed cells or transdifferentiated cells.
- pluripotent spheroid cells can be produced from differentiated cells such as somatic cells by introducing a peptide having a transition signal into the cells.
- the “pluripotent spheroid cell” refers to a cell capable of forming a spheroid having properties as a pluripotent stem cell obtained by introducing an initialization peptide into a differentiated cell.
- the spheroids formed are alkaline phosphatase, anti-SSEA-3 antibody, anti-Tra-1-81 antibody, anti-Oct3 / 4, which are pluripotent stem cell markers. It shows positive images of antibodies, anti-Sox2 antibodies, and anti-Nanog antibodies, indicating an initialized pluripotent state.
- a method for producing pluripotent spheroid cells which comprises introducing an initialization peptide into differentiated cells.
- the initialization peptide is a peptide having a nuclear translocation signal.
- the reprogramming peptide is a peptide having a nuclear translocation signal and a cell membrane permeation function.
- the reprogramming peptide is introduced into the differentiated cell by culturing the differentiated cell in a medium containing the reprogramming peptide.
- Pluripotent spheroid cells obtained by the method according to any one of [1] to [6].
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the pluripotent spheroid cell according to [7].
- a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with tissue damage comprising an initialization peptide.
- a method for treating a disease associated with tissue damage which comprises administering an initialization peptide to a site of tissue damage.
- a method for producing a differentiated cell comprising culturing the pluripotent spheroid cell according to [7] in a differentiation medium.
- a differentiated cell obtained by the method according to [14].
- the pluripotent spheroid cells obtained by the present invention can be differentiated into various cells. For example, differentiation into cells of the nervous system by culturing in a normal adhesive incubator or by culturing in the presence of differentiation-inducing factors such as retinoic acid, B-27 supplement, bFGF, NGF, etc.
- differentiation-inducing factors such as retinoic acid, B-27 supplement, bFGF, NGF, etc.
- differentiation-inducing factors such as retinoic acid, B-27 supplement, bFGF, NGF, etc.
- differentiation-inducing factors such as retinoic acid, B-27 supplement, bFGF, NGF, etc.
- differentiation-inducing factors such as retinoic acid, B-27 supplement, bFGF, NGF, etc.
- anti-Nestin antibody positive cells that are neural stem cell markers
- anti-MAP2 antibodies anti- ⁇
- the cells thus obtained can be used for treatment of diseases such as neurological diseases (stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, nerve loss due to spinal cord injury) and the like.
- diseases such as neurological diseases (stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, nerve loss due to spinal cord injury) and the like.
- cytokine having a simple composition
- positive cells with anti-proinsulin antibody and anti-c-peptide antibody can be obtained in about 2 weeks.
- insulin-producing ⁇ cells are prepared in several steps using several types of medium containing various concentrations of glucose, multiple cytokines, and drugs after embryoid bodies (EBs) are prepared from ES cells and iPS cells.
- EBs embryoid bodies
- a method of inducing differentiation after two months has been taken, but according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to produce insulin-producing ⁇ cells from pluripotent spheroids at a high rate in a short period of 1 to 2 weeks. Become.
- the cells thus obtained can be used for screening of ⁇ -cells that secrete insulin for the treatment of diabetes, or for the treatment of diabetes, and antidiabetic drugs.
- Pluripotent spheroid cells exhibit pluripotency similar to embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and MUSE cells. By culturing under differentiation culture conditions similar to these pluripotent cells, various somatic stem cells And can be differentiated into progenitor cells and differentiated cells. Pluripotent spheroid cells introduce reprogramming peptides into differentiated cells rather than introducing genes or high-molecular-weight bioactive proteins. And the degree of initialization of differentiated cells can be easily adjusted.
- the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention is a cell having pluripotency and has the following characteristics. (1) Express pluripotent markers such as Nanog, Oct3 / 4, SSEA-3, Tra-1-81 and Sox2. (2) It has a clonality that grows from one cell and continues to make its own clones. (3) Has the ability to self-replicate (self-renewal). (4) It can differentiate into three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) in vitro and in vivo.
- the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention are consistent in that they are pluripotent cells obtained by introducing reprogramming peptides into somatic cells that are differentiated cells, but are pluripotent cells that are reprogrammed cells.
- Spheroid cells differ greatly from other pluripotent stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells in that they can be established in a very short time and do not form tumors.
- somatic cells that are differentiated cells are all cells derived from mammals except germ line cells (eg, oocytes, oocytes, embryonic stem (ES) cells, etc.).
- the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention is different from general somatic stem cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, but has similar properties to MUSE cells.
- the pluripotent spheroid cell of this invention has the following characteristics. (8) The growth rate is relatively slow and the division cycle is 1 day or longer, for example, 1.2 to 1.5 days. However, it does not show infinite proliferation as shown by ES cells and iPS cells. (9) Accompanying asymmetric division during growth. (10) The karyotype is normal.
- the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention have different properties depending on the degree of reprogramming, for example, the pluripotent spheroid cells obtained in this example have differentiation pluripotency, Both mesenchymal stem cell marker CD105 and pericyte cell pericytes marker CD146 are positive.
- Typical examples of pluripotent stem cells dispersed in each tissue that is considered as an adult tissue stem cell include mesenchymal stem cells MSC and adipose tissue-derived stem cells.
- SKPs skin-derived precursor cells; skin Derived progenitor cells
- HFSC hair follicle stem cells
- pericytes that exist around large and small blood vessels that enter tissues throughout the body are the source of pluripotent stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells. It is thought that they are deeply involved in the regeneration and restoration of Here, the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention say that both CD105 and CD146 markers are double-positive.
- the pluripotent spheroids and cells produced by the reprogramming peptide are already in various clinical trial stages.
- mesenchymal stem cells can be used as a cell source for regeneration and repair in various tissues as in the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells, and if it has the characteristics of pericytes considered to be the origin of the mesenchymal stem cells, it will be more physiological It can be applied to various tissue regeneration.
- ⁇ reprogramming '' is also referred to as ⁇ nuclear reprogramming '', a process in which differentiated cells are induced and converted to undifferentiated cells, particularly differentiated pluripotent cells or Refers to means.
- the phenomenon of reprogramming was originally observed by methods such as injecting somatic cell nuclei into enucleated unfertilized eggs, fusing ES cells with somatic cells, and permeabilizing ES cell extracts into somatic cells. I came.
- it has been known to initialize by introducing reprogramming genes and proteins such as Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, c-Myc, and Lin28 into somatic cells.
- such a complicated operation is not necessary, and it is possible to initialize from a somatic cell to a pluripotent spheroid cell by introducing an initialization peptide (riprotin) into the cell.
- an initialization peptide is a peptide that enables such initialization.
- an initialization peptide is a peptide that contains a nuclear translocation signal and does not have the original function of a protein such as a transcriptional regulator that exhibits physiological activity in the nucleus.
- it is a peptide containing these nuclear translocation signals and further having a transmembrane function.
- the initialization peptide include nuclear translocation signal of SV40 large T antigen, histone 2B nuclear translocation signal, FGF-2 nucleolar translocation signal, and the like.
- Examples of the peptide having a transmembrane function include the transmembrane region of HIV gp41.
- An initialization peptide such as penetratin having both a transmembrane function and a function as a nuclear translocation signal can also be used.
- the reprogramming peptide can be introduced by adding it to a medium for culturing differentiated cells.
- the method of adding the reprogramming peptide to the medium may be a method of simply dissolving in the medium, or a reverse transfection method may be used.
- the reverse transfection method is performed by seeding cells from the upper surface thereof after applying the initialization peptide on a solid phase surface for culturing cells such as a culture dish and air-drying or without air-drying. .
- the reprogramming peptide can be efficiently introduced into the differentiated cells.
- the initialization peptide can be introduced into cells with high efficiency and low toxicity, so that the amount of initialization peptide introduced can be easily controlled.
- the concentration varies depending on the culture conditions such as the type of reprogramming peptide, the type of differentiated cells, the composition of the medium, etc., but is generally added at a concentration of 10 to 200 ⁇ g / ml.
- the amount is preferably 20 to 80 ⁇ g / ml.
- the amount varies depending on the culture conditions such as the type of reprogramming peptide, the type of differentiated cells, the composition of the medium, etc., but it is approximately 1 ⁇ g / cm 2 to 50 ⁇ g / cm per solid phase surface area. Add at a concentration of 2 .
- the amount is preferably 2.5 ⁇ g / cm 2 to 10 ⁇ g / cm 2 .
- the medium used for producing pluripotent spheroid cells by introducing the reprogramming peptide into differentiated cells may be any medium as long as it is generally suitable for culturing differentiated cells.
- Somatic cell culture can be performed, for example, on a basic medium such as DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium), MEM (minimum essential medium), ⁇ -MEM (minimum essential medium alpha modification), Ham's F12, RPMI1640, or a mixed medium thereof with serum ( 10% FBS), antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin, etc.), pyruvate Na, glutamine, non-essential amino acids, L-dextrose, etc. It can be carried out in the presence of CO 2 .
- pluripotent spheroid formation occurs very quickly, occurring several hours after cell seeding.
- Pluripotent spheroids increase to a diameter of 100-200 ⁇ m and pluripotent spheroid formation is completed within 2-5 days. These pluripotent spheroids also appear to participate in at least 30-50% of cells.
- Pluripotent spheroids can be dissociated into single cells by treating with protease such as trypsin and collagenase.
- protease such as trypsin and collagenase.
- CTK solution manufactured by Reprocell
- TrypLE manufactured by Life Technology
- the establishment efficiency of pluripotent spheroid cells can be improved by culturing the cells under hypoxic conditions at the somatic cell initialization stage (Yoshida, Y. et al., Cell Stem Cell 5: 237 -241 (2009)).
- hypoxic conditions means that the oxygen concentration during cell culture is significantly lower than the oxygen concentration in air. Specifically, as such a condition, low oxygen concentration than the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere of 5 ⁇ 10% CO 2/95 ⁇ 90% air, conditions and the like made of, for example, oxygen concentration of 18% or less.
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere are 15% or less (for example, 14% or less, 13% or less, 12% or less or 11% or less), 10% or less (for example, 9% or less, 8% or less, 7% or less) Or 6% or less), or 5% or less (for example, 4% or less, 3% or less, or 2% or less).
- the preferable oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is 0.1% or more (for example, 0.2% or more, 0.3% or more or 0.4% or more), 0.5% or more (for example, 0.6% or more, 0.7% or more, 0.8% or more, or 0.95%). Or more), or 1% or more (for example, 1.1% or more, 1.2% or more, 1.3% or more, or 1.4% or more).
- the technique for creating the hypoxic condition in the cellular environment is not limited to the following, but is the simplest method of culturing cells in a CO 2 incubator capable of adjusting the oxygen concentration and is preferable. This method can be mentioned as an example.
- Such incubators are commercially available from various equipment manufacturers (eg Thermo Scientific, Ikemoto Scientific Technology, Juji Field, Wakenyaku, etc.) for the purposes described above. Can be used.
- Differentiated cells that can be used in the present invention are all cells derived from mammals except germ line cells (eggs, oocytes, embryonic stem (ES) cells) or totipotent cells as defined above. is there.
- the mammal from which the somatic cell is derived is not particularly limited and includes any kind of animal.
- Preferred mammals include primates (eg, humans, monkeys, chimpanzees, etc.), rodents (eg, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, etc.), and ungulates (bovines, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, etc.), pets Selected from animals (dogs, cats, etc.), more preferred mammals are humans and mice.
- Somatic cells include, but are not limited to, fetal (child) somatic cells, neonatal (child) somatic cells, and mature somatic cells. And cell lines, and tissue stem cells and tissue progenitor cells are also included.
- somatic cells include, but are not limited to, for example, (1) tissue stem cells (somatic stem cells) such as neural stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, (2) tissue progenitor cells, (3 ) Lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, muscle cells, fibroblasts (skin cells, etc.), hair cells, hepatocytes, gastric mucosa cells, intestinal cells, spleen cells, pancreatic cells (exocrine pancreatic cells, etc.), brain cells, Including differentiated cells such as lung cells, kidney cells, skin cells and the like.
- the term “substantially identical” in relation to an HLA type refers to the fact that when a cell produced by inducing differentiation of pluripotent spheroid cells is transplanted into a patient, Transplanted cells are viable as if the major HLAs (e.g., three genetic loci, HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR) are the same between the donor and recipient Means that it matches to some extent.
- pluripotent spheroid cells are not administered or transplanted, that is, for example, when pluripotent spheroid cells are used as a cell source for screening to evaluate drug sensitivity or side effects in patients, somatic cells Is desirable from the patient himself or from others who have the same genetic polymorphism that correlates with drug sensitivity and side effects.
- somatic cells Prior to the production of pluripotent spheroid cells, somatic cells are obtained from mammals including humans, cultured in animal cell culture medium, and subjected to subculture if necessary. Alternatively, subcultured cells are obtained. The cultured cells thus obtained are used for the production of pluripotent spheroid cells.
- pluripotent spheroid cells can be promoted by adding a substance that improves the establishment efficiency of pluripotent spheroid cells to the medium.
- substances include, for example, cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and stem cell factor (SCF).
- cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and stem cell factor (SCF).
- HDAC histone deacetylase
- VPA valproic acid
- G9a histone methyltransferase
- Inhibitors such as BIX-01294 (BIX) (Shi, Y.
- DNA methylase (Dnmt) inhibitors such as 5'-azacytidine (Huangfu, D. et al., Supra).
- Dnmt DNA methylase
- p53 inhibitors such as shRNA and siRNA against p53 and UTF1 may be introduced into cells (Yang Zhao et al., Cell Stem Cell, 3, pp475-479, 2008).
- Other signal transductions include activation of Wnt signaling (Marson A.
- the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention has pluripotency and can differentiate into any tissue.
- the pluripotent spheroid cell can be used for regenerative medicine and the like. For example, it can be used for regeneration of various tissues and various organs. Specific examples include nerve, cerebrospinal cord, liver, muscle, islet and the like.
- the pluripotent stem cells invade the tissues, organs, and cells unique to the tissues Can contribute to the regeneration and reconstruction of tissues and organs.
- systemic administration may be performed by intravenous administration or the like. In this case, for example, the pluripotent spheroid cell is directed to a damaged tissue or organ by homing or the like, reaches / invades, and then differentiates into a cell of the tissue or organ. Can contribute to regeneration and reconstruction.
- Administration can be performed, for example, by parenteral or oral administration such as subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, or intrauterine injection into an embryo. Moreover, local administration or systemic administration may be sufficient. Local administration can be performed using a catheter, for example. The dose can be appropriately determined depending on the type and size of the organ or tissue to be regenerated.
- the organ to be regenerated is not limited, but bone marrow, spinal cord, blood, spleen, liver, lung, intestinal tract, eye, brain, immune system, circulatory system, bone, connective tissue, muscle, heart, blood vessel, pancreas, central nervous system , Including peripheral nervous system, kidney, bladder, skin, epithelial appendages, breast-mammary gland, adipose tissue, cornea, and mucous membranes including mouth, esophagus, vagina, anus and the like.
- Diseases to be treated include cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, liver disease, diabetes, hepatitis, hemophilia, blood system disease, degenerative or traumatic neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury, autoimmune disease, genetic Examples include defects, connective tissue diseases, anemia, infections, transplant rejection, ischemia, inflammation, and skin and muscle damage.
- the cells may be administered with a pharmaceutically acceptable base material.
- the base material is made of, for example, a substance having high biocompatibility made of collagen or the like, or a biodegradable substance, and may be in the form of particles, plates, cylinders, containers, etc. What is necessary is just to couple
- the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention may be induced to differentiate in vitro, a tissue may be constructed using the differentiated cell, and the differentiated cell or the tissue may be transplanted. Since the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention does not become a tumor, even if the transplanted differentiated cell or the tissue contains the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention undifferentiated, there is a possibility of canceration. Low and safe.
- the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by tissue degeneration or dysfunction.
- the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention may be concentrated ex vivo, proliferated, or differentiated and returned to the body.
- the pluripotent spheroid cells are differentiated into cells of a specific tissue,
- the cells may be transplanted into the tissue to be treated.
- In situ cell therapy can also be performed by cell transplantation.
- target cells include liver cells, nervous cells such as nerve cells and glial cells, muscle cells such as skin cells and skeletal muscle cells, and the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention are used as these cells.
- Parkinson's disease, cerebral infarction, spinal cord injury, muscle degenerative disease and the like can be treated. Since the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention does not become a tumor, even if it is used for such treatment, it has a low possibility of canceration and is safe.
- blood and blood components can be formed ex vivo and in vitro by differentiating the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention to form blood and blood components.
- blood components include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- the blood and blood components formed in this way can be used for autologous blood transfusion or transfusion.
- the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention when used for treatment, it may be differentiated ex vivo, in vivo, or in vitro.
- the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention include, for example, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, fibroblasts, bone marrow stroma, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, eye, endothelium, epithelium, liver, pancreas, hematopoiesis, Differentiates into glia, nerve cells, oligodendrocytes and the like. Differentiation of the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention can be achieved by culturing in the presence of a differentiation factor.
- Differentiation factors include basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and isoproterenol; or fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the like.
- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- FGF4 fibroblast growth factor 4
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- the present invention also includes cells differentiated from the pluripotent spheroid cells of the present invention.
- the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention When the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention is used for treatment, a gene encoding a proteinaceous anticancer substance or physiologically active substance may be introduced. Thereby, the pluripotent spheroid cell of this invention also has the delivery function of a therapeutic agent.
- a therapeutic agent An example of such a substance is an anti-angiogenic drug.
- a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with tissue damage comprising the reprogramming peptide of the present invention, is administered to various tissues, whereby some of the cells of the tissue are changed to pluripotent spheroid cells, and cells necessary for each tissue
- the tissue can be regenerated by differentiating into.
- it can be used for regeneration of various tissues and various organs. Specific examples include nerve, cerebrospinal cord, liver, muscle, islet and the like.
- the pluripotent stem cell invades the tissue or organ and becomes a cell peculiar to the tissue. Differentiate and contribute to the regeneration and reconstruction of tissues and organs.
- Administration can be performed by direct administration to the tissue or organ to be regenerated.
- the dose can be appropriately determined depending on the type and size of the organ or tissue to be regenerated.
- the organ to be regenerated is not limited, but bone marrow, spinal cord, blood, spleen, liver, lung, intestinal tract, eye, brain, immune system, circulatory system, bone, connective tissue, muscle, heart, blood vessel, pancreas, central nervous system , Including peripheral nervous system, kidney, bladder, skin, epithelial appendages, breast-mammary gland, adipose tissue, cornea, and mucous membranes including mouth, esophagus, vagina, anus and the like.
- Diseases to be treated include cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, liver disease, diabetes, hepatitis, hemophilia, blood system disease, degenerative or traumatic neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury, autoimmune disease, genetic Examples include defects, connective tissue diseases, anemia, infections, transplant rejection, ischemia, inflammation, and skin and muscle damage.
- Example 1 Production of Pluripotent Spheroid Cell Using Reprogramming Peptide Human adult fibroblast cell line TIG113 was cultured in a medium mainly composed of EMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 , humidified conditions. In the bottom, the cells were cultured until reaching 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells. A plate for reverse transfection was prepared by coating each peptide shown in Table 1 on each well of a 12-well plate at a concentration of 30 ⁇ g / well and then immobilizing it by air drying. After the grown TIG113 was washed with CMF-PBS, the cells were dissociated by incubating with a 0.25% trypsin solution at 37 ° C.
- iPS medium Reprocell
- 2 ⁇ 10 4 human fibroblasts were seeded on a plate for reverse transfection.
- an iPS medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and not bFGF was used as a reverse transfection medium.
- the number of ES colony-like spheroids formed was counted 7-10 days later to determine the degree of spheroid formation (Table 1). In experiments using H11, H16, and H29 peptides, the proportion of cells forming spheroids was measured.
- spheroids are not formed only by the nuclear transmembrane function. 4) Spheroids are formed when H13 and H18 are simply solid-phased together. Therefore, it is important for spheroid formation that HIVgp41 peptide and SV40 Large T antigen NLS peptide work simultaneously. 5) H16 (penetratin) having a transmembrane function and a nuclear transmembrane function was found to form spheroids alone. 6) H29 has the ability to form spheroids. Therefore, H2B NLS also has the ability to form spheroids. 7) The number of cells participating in spheroid formation is 80-90% or more in H11, H16, and H29. Conclusion Peptide having a cell membrane permeation function and a nuclear transmembrane function or a combination of peptides has spheroid formation activity.
- Example 2 Characterization of pluripotent spheroid cells
- pluripotent spheroid cells obtained by introducing reprogramming peptides into differentiated cells were examined for expression of undifferentiated, neuronal markers and the like.
- H11 peptide shown in Table 1 cells were spheroidized by the method shown in Example 1, and the cells were fixed by incubating with methanol containing 1% H 2 O 2 at room temperature for 5 minutes. The cells were washed 5 times with PBS and then blocked with PBS containing 5% FBS / 0.05% gelatin / 3% skim milk / 1% BSA (hereinafter Block Ace) for 1-2 hours at room temperature.
- the cells were further reacted for 2 hours at room temperature with the primary antibodies shown in Table 2 diluted appropriately in Block Ace.
- the cells were washed 5 times with PBS, and then the HPR-labeled secondary antibody was appropriately diluted in Block Ace and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the cells were washed 5 times with PBS, and then the antigen was visualized according to the protocol of Peroxidase Stain DAB Kit & Enhancer (Nacalai Tesque).
- Peroxidase Stain DAB Kit & Enhancer Nacalai Tesque
- the cells fixed by the above method were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes using BCIP / NBT Color Development Substrate (Promega). The reaction was stopped by washing 5 times with PBS.
- Example 3 Preparation of Pluripotent Spheroid Cells Using Human Adult Fibroblasts Using the same method as in Example 1, a peptide of H11 was introduced into human fibroblasts (manufactured by Kurashiki Spinning Co., Ltd.). The cells showed epithelial-mesenchymal cell transdifferentiation-like changes and eventually formed spheroids. About the prepared spheroid, the expression analysis of the pluripotency marker and the differentiation marker was performed by the method of Example 2. As a result, alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-3, TRA-1-61, Oct3 / 4, Sox2, and Nanog pluripotency markers were positive.
- the neural stem cell marker nestin and the neuronal markers neurofilament 160, beta III tubulin, MAP2, and GFAP were expressed. Furthermore, it was confirmed that proinsulin and C-peptide, which are insulin-producing cell markers, were also expressed. Expression of alpha fetoprotein and albumin was also confirmed. Furthermore, it was found that the oil red O staining method was also used to differentiate into adipose tissue.
- Example 4 Preparation of Pluripotent Spheroid Cells Using Various Cells
- BHK21, A549, H293 cells, mouse feeder cells (Cosmo Bio: RCHEFC003), bovine vascular endothelial cells (Toyobo) : CAB300K05), and H11 peptide was introduced into porcine vascular endothelial cells (Toyobo: CAP300K05). All cells formed spheroids, and alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-3 positive cells were obtained.
- Example 5 Characterization of pluripotent spheroid cells
- the expression of undifferentiated, neuronal markers and the like was examined for pluripotent spheroid cells obtained by introducing reprogramming peptides into differentiated cells.
- H11 peptide shown in Table 1 cells were spheroidized by the method shown in Example 1, and the cells were fixed by using methanol containing 1% H 2 O 2 for 5 minutes at room temperature.
- the antibodies listed in Table 3 were used for staining according to the package insert.
- an HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG antibody Promega Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L), HRP Conjugate
- the CD105 marker for mesenchymal stem cells and the CD146 marker for pericytes Pericytes were both positive.
- CD31 a vascular endothelial cell marker, was negative.
- the pluripotent spheroid cell of the present invention can be prepared from any differentiated cell in the same manner as the induced pluripotent stem cell, and in a shorter period of time than other pluripotent stem cells such as the induced pluripotent stem cell. Can be obtained by various methods. In addition, it can differentiate into various somatic cells / tissues in a shorter period of time than other pluripotent stem cells and does not cause tumor formation, so it can be an extremely useful cell source in the fields of regenerative medicine and drug discovery. .
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、報告された初期化因子の組み合わせがなぜ体細胞を人工多能性幹細胞に誘導することを可能にするのか明らかでないし、その作用機序についても明らかにされていない。
ここで「多能性スフェロイド細胞」とは、初期化ペプチドを分化細胞内に導入することによって得られる、多能性幹細胞としての性質をもつスフェロイド形成能のある細胞をいう。核移行シグナルを導入する分化細胞により、その性質は異なるが、形成されたスフェロイドは、多能性幹細胞マーカーであるアルカリフォスファターゼ、抗SSEA-3抗体、抗Tra-1-81抗体、抗Oct3/4抗体、抗Sox2抗体、 抗Nanog抗体の陽性像を示し、初期化された多能性状態を呈する。
[1] 分化細胞に初期化ペプチドを導入することを含む、多能性スフェロイド細胞を製造する方法。
[2] 初期化ペプチドが核移行シグナルを有するペプチドである[1]記載の方法。
[3] 初期化ペプチドが核移行シグナルおよび細胞膜透過機能を持つペプチドである[1]に記載の方法。
[4] 初期化ペプチドを含んでなる培地中で分化細胞を培養することにより、分化細胞に初期化ペプチドを導入する、[1]に記載の方法。
[5] リバーストランスフェクション法を用いて分化細胞に初期化ペプチドを導入する、[1]に記載の方法。
[6] 多能性スフェロイドがペリサイトマーカー陽性である細胞である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[7] [1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の方法で得られる多能性スフェロイド細胞。
[8] 初期化ペプチドを含んでなる、分化細胞からの多能性スフェロイド細胞誘導製剤。
[9] 初期化ペプチドが核移行シグナルを有するペプチドである[8]に記載の製剤。
[10] [7]に記載の多能性スフェロイド細胞を含む医薬組成物。
[11] 初期化ペプチドを含む、組織の損傷に伴う疾患の治療剤。
[12] 組織の損傷に伴う疾患において、初期化ペプチドを、組織の損傷部位に投与することを含む、当該疾患の治療方法。
[13] 組織の損傷に伴う疾患の治療に使用するための、初期化ペプチド。
[14] [7]記載の多能性スフェロイド細胞を分化培地で培養することを含む、分化細胞の製造方法。
[15] [14]記載の方法により得られる分化細胞。
また、例えば、単純組成のサイトカイン添加低血清培地で培養を続けると約2週間で、抗プロインスリン抗体、抗c-peptide抗体での陽性細胞が得られる。通常、インスリン産生β細胞作製には、ES細胞やiPS細胞から胚様体(EB)を作製した後、各種濃度のブドウ糖、複数のサイトカイン、薬剤を加えた数種類の培地で、数ステップ、1~2ヶ月の経過で分化誘導する方法が取られているが、今回発明した方法によれば、1~2週間という短期間で高率に、多能性スフェロイドからインスリン産生β細胞の作製が可能となる。
このようにして得られた細胞は、糖尿病治療用の自家または他家のインスリンを分泌するβ細胞や糖尿病治療薬のスクリーニング用に用いることができる。
1. 定義
本明細書中で使用される用語は、以下の意味を包含する。その他の用語は、当業界で一般的に使用される意味を含むことが意図されている。
本発明の多能性スフェロイド細胞は、多能性(pluripotency)を持つ細胞であり、以下の特性を有する。
(1) Nanog、Oct3/4、SSEA-3、Tra-1-81及びSox2等の多能性マーカー(Pluripotent marker)を発現する。
(2) 1細胞から増殖し、自己のクローンを作り続けるクローナリティー(Clonality)を有する。
(3) 自己複製(セルフリニューアル)能を有する。
(4) 3胚葉系(内胚葉系、中胚葉系及び外胚葉系)へin vitro及びin vivoで分化し得る。
(5) マウスの精巣や皮下に移植した場合、腫瘍を形成しない。
(6) アルカリフォスファターゼ染色で陽性となる。
(7) 細胞が多数凝集して3次元状態になったものであり、接着細胞が初期化ペプチドを導入することによりスフェロイド状に変化し、多分化能を有する細胞となる。
また、本発明の多能性スフェロイド細胞は、骨髄間葉系幹細胞、脂肪由来間葉系幹細胞等、神経幹細胞の一般的な体性幹細胞とは異なるが、MUSE細胞と類似の性質を有する。
(8) 増殖速度が比較的緩やかで、分裂周期が1日以上、例えば1.2~1.5日である。ただし、ES細胞やiPS細胞が示すような無限増殖は示さない。
(9) 増殖の際に非対称分裂を伴う。
(10) 核型は正常である。
成体組織幹細胞とされる各組織に分散する多能性幹細胞には、代表的なものとして、間葉系幹細胞MSCや脂肪組織由来幹細胞があげられるが、その他にSKPs(skin-derived precursor cells; 皮膚由来前駆細胞)、毛包幹細胞(HFSC; Hair follicle stem cell)も存在する。
最近では、全身各組織に入り込む大小の血管の周囲に存在する周皮細胞(ペリサイト(Pericytes))が、間葉系幹細胞や脂肪由来幹細胞等の多能性幹細胞のソースであり、全身各組織の再生・修復に深く関与しているのではないかと考えられている。
ここで、本発明の多能性スフェロイド細胞が、CD105およびCD146の両マーカーがダブル陽性であると言うことは、初期化ペプチドによって作成された多能性スフェロイドおよび細胞は、すでに各種臨床試験の段階に入っている間葉系幹細胞の臨床応用のように各種組織における再生・修復の細胞ソースとして活用でき、その間葉系幹細胞のオリジンと考えられる周皮細胞の性格も有するとなれば、さらに生理的な組織再生に応用できる。
リバーストランスフェクション法を用いるときは、その量は初期化ペプチドの種類、分化細胞の種類、培地の組成等の培養条件により異なるが、固相表面面積あたり概ね1 μg/cm2~50 μg/cm2の濃度で加える。好ましくは2.5 μg/cm2~10 μg/cm2である。
体細胞の培養は、例えばDMEM(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium)、MEM (minimum essential medium)、α-MEM(minimum essential medium alpha modification)、Ham’s F12、RPMI1640、それらの混合培地などの基本培地に、血清(10% FBS等)、抗生物質(penicillin、streptomycin等)、ピルビン酸Na、グルタミン、非必須アミノ酸、L-デキストロースなどの物質を適宜選択して含有させた培地上で約37℃の温度、5% CO2存在下にて行うことができる。
体細胞が由来する哺乳動物は、特に制限されずいかなる種類の動物も包含する。好ましい哺乳動物は、霊長類(例えばヒト、サル、チンパンジー等)、げっ歯類(例えばマウス、ラット、ハムスター、モルモット等)、及び有蹄類(ウシ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、ウマ、ブタ等)、ペット動物(イヌ、ネコ等)から選択され、さらに好ましい哺乳動物はヒト及びマウスである。
体細胞には、非限定的に、胎児(仔)期の体細胞、新生児(仔)の体細胞、及び成熟した体細胞のいずれも包含されるし、また、初代培養細胞、継代細胞、及び株化細胞のいずれも包含されるし、さらにまた、組織幹細胞や組織前駆細胞も包含される。
具体的には、体細胞は、非限定的に、例えば(1)神経幹細胞、造血幹細胞、間葉系幹細胞、歯髄幹細胞等の組織幹細胞(体性幹細胞)、(2)組織前駆細胞、(3)リンパ球、上皮細胞、内皮細胞、筋肉細胞、線維芽細胞(皮膚細胞等)、毛細胞、肝細胞、胃粘膜細胞、腸細胞、脾細胞、膵細胞(膵外分泌細胞等)、脳細胞、肺細胞、腎細胞、皮膚細胞等の分化した細胞などを包含する。
また、例えばヒストンデアセチラーゼ(HDAC)阻害剤、例えばバルプロ酸(VPA)(Huangfu, D.ら,Nat. Biotechnol., 26(7):795-797 (2008))、ヒストンメチルトランスフェラーゼ(G9a)阻害剤、例えばBIX-01294 (BIX) (Shi, Y.ら,Cell Stem Cell, 2:525-528 (2008);Kubicek, S.ら,Mol. Cell 25:473-481 (2007);Shi, Y.ら, Cell Stem Cell, 3, 568-574 (2008))、DNAメチル化酵素(Dnmt)阻害剤、例えば5’-アザシチジン(Huangfu, D.ら,上記)などの低分子化合物が含まれる。またp53に対するshRNAやsiRNAなどのp53阻害剤や、UTF1を細胞内に導入してもよい(Yang Zhaoら, Cell Stem Cell, 3, pp475-479, 2008)。他にもシグナル伝達に関して、Wntシグナルの活性化(Marson A.ら, Cell Stem Cell, 3, pp132-135, 2008)や、マイトジェン活性化プロテインキナーゼおよびグリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ-3シグナル伝達の阻害(Silva J.ら, PloS Biology, 6, pp2237-2247 2008)など、さらにはES細胞特異的miRNA (例えば、miR-302-367クラスター (Mol. Cell Biol. Doi:10. 1128/MCB. 00398-08), miR-302 (RNA 14:1-10 (2008)), miR-291-3p, Mir-294及びmiR-295 (Nat. Biotechnol. 27:459-461 (2009))の導入などによっても、多能性スフェロイド細胞の樹立効率を改善することができる。
ヒト成人線維芽細胞株TIG113を、10%ウシ胎児血清を含むEMEMを主体とした培地中、37℃、5% CO2、加湿条件下において1x107細胞数に到達するまで培養した。リバーストランスフェクション用のプレートは、表1に示された各ペプチドを12ウェルプレートのそれぞれのウェルに30μg/ウェルの濃度でコーティングした後、風乾によって固相化することで準備した。増殖したTIG113をCMF-PBSで洗浄した後、0.25% トリプシン溶液で37℃、10-15分インキュベートすることで細胞を解離し、遠心とPBSによる洗浄を2回繰り返した後iPS培地(リプロセル社製)に懸濁した。その細胞懸濁液を用いて2x104細胞数のヒト線維芽細胞を、リバーストランスフェクション用のプレートに播種した。リバーストランスフェクション培地として、10%ウシ胎児血清を含みbFGFを含まないiPS培地を用いた。形成されたESコロニー様スフェロイド数を7-10日後に計測しスフェロイド形成度を判定した(表1)。H11,H16,H29のペプチドを用いた実験ではスフェロイドを形成する細胞の割合を計測した。
1)gp41のアミノ酸;HIVgp41=GALFLGFLGAAGSTMGA(配列番号21)が変異するとスフェロイド形成能が無くなることがH1-H4の実験結果から分かった。よってHIVgp41の細胞膜透過機能はスフェロイド形成に重要である。
2)H13にスフェロイド形成能がない。よってHIVgp41の細胞膜透過機能だけではスフェロイド形成はしない。
3)H18(SV40 Large T antigen NLS)のみではスフェロイド形成しない。よって核膜貫通機能だけではスフェロイド形成はしない。
4)H13とH18を単純に一緒に固相化した場合スフェロイド形成される。よってHIVgp41ペプチドとSV40 Large T antigen NLSペプチドが同時に作動することがスフェロイド形成に重要である。
5)細胞膜貫通機能および核膜貫通機能があるH16(penetratin)は、単独でスフェロイド形成が認められた。
6)H29にスフェロイド形成能がある。よってH2B NLSにもスフェロイド形成能がある。
7)スフェロイド形成に参加する細胞数はH11,H16,H29では80-90%以上である。
結論
細胞膜透過機能と核膜貫通機能があるペプチドやペプチドの組み合わせにスフェロイド形成活性がある。
実施例1において、初期化ペプチドを分化細胞に導入することにより得られた多能性スフェロイド細胞についての未分化、神経マーカー等の発現を調べた。
表1で示したH11ペプチドを用い、実施例1で示した方法により細胞をスフェロイド形成させ、1% H2O2を含むメタノールを用い室温で5分間でインキュベートして細胞を固定した。その細胞をPBSで5回洗浄後、5% FBS/0.05% ゼラチン/3% スキムミルク/1% BSAを含むPBS(以下ブロックエース)で室温中1~2時間ブロッキングした。さらにその細胞をブロックエースに適宜希釈された表2に示される1次抗体と室温2時間反応させた。そしてその細胞をPBSで5回洗浄した後、HPR標識された二次抗体をブロックエースに適宜希釈し室温1時間反応させた。最後にその細胞をPBSで5回洗浄した後、Peroxidase Stain DAB Kit &エンハンサー(ナカライテスク)のプロトコールに従って抗原を可視化した。
アルカリフォスファターゼ染色のため、前記方法で固定した細胞をBCIP/NBT Color Development Substrate(Promega)を用いて室温で30分インキュベートした。PBSで5回洗浄することで反応を停止させた。
その結果、該細胞は、多能性マーカーであるアルカリフォスファターゼ,Oct3/4,Sox2,Nanog,SSEA-3,Tra-1-81を発現していることを確認した。培養期間が長くなると、神経幹細胞マーカーのマーカーであるネスチン、神経マーカーであるニューロフィラメント160,ベータIIIチューブリン,MAP2,GFAPが発現していることを確認した。さらに、インスリン産生細胞マーカーであるプロインシュリン,C-ペプチドも発現していることを確認した。
結論
当該スフェロイド形成細胞は、各種マーカー発現において対応する公知細胞は存在せず、新規細胞である。
実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、ヒト線維芽細胞(倉敷紡績社製)にH11のペプチドを導入した。細胞は、上皮-間葉細胞分化転換様の変化を示し、最終的にはスフェロイドを形成した。
調製したスフェロイドについて、実施例2の方法で多能性マーカー及び分化マーカーの発現解析を行った。その結果、アルカリフォスファターゼ、SSEA-3、TRA-1-61、Oct3/4、Sox2、Nanogの多能性マーカーは陽性であった。さらに、培養を続けることにより神経幹細胞マーカーであるネスチン、神経マーカーであるニューロフィラメント160,ベータIIIチューブリン,MAP2,GFAPが発現していることを確認した。さらに、インスリン産生細胞マーカーであるプロインシュリン,C-ペプチドも発現していることを確認した。
また、アルファフェトプロテインおよびアルブミンの発現も確認した。さらにオイルレッドO染色法でも染まり、脂肪組織にも分化していることが分かった。
実施例1と同様の方法で、BHK21、A549、H293細胞、マウスフィーダー細胞(コスモバイオ社:RCHEFC003)、ウシ血管内皮細胞(東洋紡社:CAB300K05)、ブタ血管内皮細胞(東洋紡社:CAP300K05)にH11のペプチドを導入した。いずれの細胞もスフェロイドを形成し、アルカリフォスファターゼ、SSEA-3陽性の細胞を得られた。
実施例1において、初期化ペプチドを分化細胞に導入することにより得られた多能性スフェロイド細胞についての未分化、神経マーカー等の発現を調べた。
表1で示したH11ペプチドを用い、実施例1で示した方法により細胞をスフェロイド形成させ、1% H2O2を含むメタノールを用い、室温で5分間インキュベートして細胞を固定した。
表3記載の抗体を用いて、添付文書に従い染色した。2次抗体としてHRP標識ヤギ抗マウスIgG抗体(Promega製Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L), HRP Conjugate)を用いた。
その結果、間葉系幹細胞のマーカーCD105及び,周皮細胞PericytesのマーカーであるCD146がともに陽性であった。血管内皮細胞マーカーであるCD31に関しては陰性であった。
Claims (15)
- 分化細胞に初期化ペプチドを導入することを含む、多能性スフェロイド細胞を製造する方法。
- 初期化ペプチドが核移行シグナルを有するペプチドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 初期化ペプチドが核移行シグナルおよび細胞膜透過機能を持つペプチドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 初期化ペプチドを含んでなる培地中で分化細胞を培養することにより、分化細胞に初期化ペプチドを導入する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- リバーストランスフェクション法を用いて分化細胞に初期化ペプチドを導入する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 多能性スフェロイドがペリサイトマーカー陽性である細胞である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法で得られる多能性スフェロイド細胞。
- 初期化ペプチドを含んでなる、分化細胞からの多能性スフェロイド細胞誘導製剤。
- 初期化ペプチドが核移行シグナルを有するペプチドである、請求項8に記載の製剤。
- 請求項7に記載の多能性スフェロイド細胞を含む医薬組成物。
- 初期化ペプチドを含む、組織の損傷に伴う疾患の治療剤。
- 組織の損傷に伴う疾患において、初期化ペプチドを、組織の損傷部位に投与することを含む、当該疾患の治療方法。
- 組織の損傷に伴う疾患の治療に使用するための、初期化ペプチド。
- 請求項7に記載の多能性スフェロイド細胞を分化培地で培養することを含む、分化細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法により得られる分化細胞。
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