WO2014046164A1 - Procédé de séparation de composé et dispositif de séparation - Google Patents

Procédé de séparation de composé et dispositif de séparation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014046164A1
WO2014046164A1 PCT/JP2013/075261 JP2013075261W WO2014046164A1 WO 2014046164 A1 WO2014046164 A1 WO 2014046164A1 JP 2013075261 W JP2013075261 W JP 2013075261W WO 2014046164 A1 WO2014046164 A1 WO 2014046164A1
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Prior art keywords
particles
liquid
mixture
particle
magnetic susceptibility
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PCT/JP2013/075261
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
茂宏 西嶋
史人 三島
海磯　孝二
敏弘 島川
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宇部興産株式会社
国立大学法人大阪大学
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Priority to JP2014536894A priority Critical patent/JP6011890B2/ja
Publication of WO2014046164A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014046164A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/28—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
    • B03C1/288—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks disposed at the outer circumference of a recipient
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/32—Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/18—Magnetic separation whereby the particles are suspended in a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating a mixture containing two or more substances having different magnetic susceptibility.
  • a diamagnetic solid substance or a paramagnetic solid substance with low magnetic susceptibility is placed in a paramagnetic support liquid and a magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient (hereinafter referred to as a gradient magnetic field) is applied, the substance is stable in the support liquid.
  • This phenomenon is known as the magnetic Archimedes effect.
  • the gravity, buoyancy, and vertical magnetic Archimedes force acting on the material are balanced, and the vertical force acting on the material is (ideally) zero.
  • the magnetic Archimedes force F z in the vertical direction that is, the difference between the magnetic force acting directly on the substance and the magnetic buoyancy received from the supporting liquid is expressed by the following equation.
  • F z ( ⁇ f ) B ⁇ B / ⁇ z / ⁇ 0
  • B a magnetic field (magnetic flux density)
  • the coordinate z is given along the vertical direction
  • ⁇ B / ⁇ z is a magnetic field gradient (magnetic flux density gradient) in the vertical direction.
  • ⁇ is the magnetic susceptibility (volume susceptibility) of the substance
  • ⁇ f is the magnetic susceptibility (volume susceptibility) of the liquid
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-59026 discloses a method for separating a mixture by using a magnetic Archimedes effect to separate a mixture of a plurality of types of diamagnetic plastic particles according to the type of particles (Patent Document 1). ).
  • Example 1 of Patent Document 1 a mixed pellet of syndiotactic polypropylene (SPP), styrene-butadiene copolymer (SB), polystyrene (PS) and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SA) is used as a paramagnetic support.
  • SPP syndiotactic polypropylene
  • SB styrene-butadiene copolymer
  • PS polystyrene
  • SA styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
  • Example 2 of Patent Document 1 mixed pellets of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are suspended in an aqueous solution of manganese chloride, and a gradient magnetic field is applied. The pellets are suspended at different heights depending on the type (see FIG. 3 of Patent Document 1).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • an aqueous solution of a paramagnetic inorganic salt is widely used.
  • the magnetic Archimedes force applied to the substance in the support liquid increases.
  • the concentration of the paramagnetic inorganic salt is increased, the viscosity of the supporting liquid is increased and its handling becomes difficult.
  • an increase in the specific gravity of the supporting liquid accompanying an increase in the paramagnetic inorganic salt concentration is not preferable.
  • Example 1 and Example 2 of Patent Document 1 the floating height of the separated diamagnetic plastic particles is only about 1 to 2 cm away, so the separated diamagnetic plastic particles are collected by type. It's not easy.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problem, and the case where two or more substances having close magnetic susceptibility values and close density values are contained in the mixture, or the magnetic susceptibility values are close.
  • a separation method and separation apparatus for a mixture that can separate a mixture by type using a gradient magnetic field when the mixture contains two or more substances having a specific gravity smaller than the specific gravity of the liquid in which the mixture is placed.
  • the present invention provides a separation method and separation apparatus for a mixture that can separate a specific type of substance from the mixture using a gradient magnetic field in such a case.
  • the present invention can more easily collect substances separated by type using a gradient magnetic field than the conventional separation method using the magnetic Archimedes force in the vertical direction, or use a gradient magnetic field.
  • a separation method and separation apparatus for a mixture that can easily recover a specific substance separated from the mixture.
  • a mixture containing first particles and second particles formed of substances having different magnetic susceptibility is separated according to the type of particles using a liquid, or the first particles or
  • the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material or a paramagnetic material
  • the second particles are The magnetic susceptibility of the liquid is a value between the magnetic susceptibility of the first particle and the magnetic susceptibility of the second particle, and a magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient having a horizontal component is applied.
  • the magnetic field gradient between the first particles and the second particles in a state is Comprising a second step of applying a magnetic field having.
  • the mixture separation apparatus separates the mixture including the first particles and the second particles formed of substances having different magnetic susceptibilities according to the type of the particles, or the first particles or the second particles are separated from each other.
  • a separation apparatus for a mixture that separates from a mixture a separation tank in which a liquid is stored, a mixture introduction unit that sends the mixture to the liquid in the separation tank, and a magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient having a horizontal component is applied to the liquid.
  • Magnetic field generating means wherein the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material or a paramagnetic material, and the second particles are formed of a diamagnetic material or a paramagnetic material,
  • the magnetic susceptibility is a value between the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles and the magnetic susceptibility of the second particles, and the first particles sent to the liquid with the magnetic field applied to the liquid
  • the second particles float on the liquid surface.
  • the magnetic field has rotational symmetry about a vertical axis, and when the magnetic field is applied, one of the first particle and the second particle A force toward the central axis of the magnetic field may act, and a force away from the central axis of the magnetic field may act on the other of the first particles and the second particles.
  • the first particle and the second particle may be formed of a diamagnetic material, or the first particle and the second particle may be formed of a paramagnetic material.
  • the first particles and the second particles may be formed of a substance having a specific gravity smaller than that of the liquid.
  • the liquid may be water or an aqueous solution, and the first particles and the second particles may be formed of a diamagnetic plastic having a specific gravity smaller than that of the liquid.
  • the mixture further includes third particles that are diamagnetic or paramagnetic, and the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles is smaller than the magnetic susceptibility of the second particles.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the third particles is larger than the magnetic susceptibility of the second particles, and after separating the first particles from the mixture by performing the first or second step, the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid is Adjusting the magnetic susceptibility between the magnetic susceptibility of the second particles and the magnetic susceptibility of the third particles, after performing the first or second step to separate the first particles from the mixture,
  • the remainder of the mixture is put in a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility between the magnetic susceptibility of the particles and the magnetic susceptibility of the third particles, and a magnetic field gradient having a horizontal component, and the second particles and The step of floating the third particles on the liquid surface, or the first or After separating the first particles from the mixture by performing two steps, the rest of the mixture is put into a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility between the magnetic sus
  • the mixture further includes third particles that are diamagnetic or paramagnetic, and the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles is smaller than the magnetic susceptibility of the second particles,
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the third particles is smaller than the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles, and after separating the second particles from the mixture by performing the first or second step, the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid is Adjusting the magnetic susceptibility between the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles and the magnetic susceptibility of the third particles, separating the second particles from the mixture by performing the first or second step, and then the first particles.
  • the remainder of the mixture is placed in a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility between the susceptibility of the third particle and the susceptibility of the third particle, and a magnetic field gradient having a horizontal component is applied to the first particle and the third particle.
  • a step of floating the third particles on the liquid surface, or the first or first After separating the second particles from the mixture by performing a step, the rest of the mixture is put into a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility between the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles and the third particles, and the liquid
  • a step of applying a magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient having a horizontal component to the first particles and the third particles floating on the liquid surface may be included.
  • the magnetic susceptibility is set to a value between the magnetic susceptibility of the first particle and the second particle contained in the mixture, and a magnetic field having a horizontal component of the magnetic field gradient is applied to these particles in the liquid. Is done.
  • a magnetic field By applying a magnetic field, the first particles and the second particles move horizontally or horizontally in opposite directions while floating on the liquid surface.
  • one of the first particles and the second particles moves horizontally or horizontally while floating on the liquid surface, while the other of the first particles and the second particles is applied with the applied magnetic field. For example, it floats on the liquid surface and remains stationary.
  • the first particles and the second particles are arranged or collected in different places or regions according to the type in the horizontal direction as described above, compared with the conventional separation method using the magnetic Archimedes force in the vertical direction, The mixture is separated further by the first particles and the second particles. Furthermore, in the present invention, since the first particles and the second particles float on the liquid surface, the distribution of these particles in the vertical direction is suppressed. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is easy to collect the first particles and the second particles by type, or to collect one of the first particles and the second particles so that the other particles are not mixed. .
  • the present invention there is no significant difference in magnetic susceptibility between the first particles and the second particles contained in the mixture, and even when there is no significant difference in density, the first particles caused by the applied magnetic field Since the movement of the second particles is different, these particles can be separated by type, or the first particles or the second particles can be separated from the mixture.
  • the first particles and the second particles have close susceptibility values, and the specific gravity of the first particles and the second particles is smaller than the specific gravity of the liquid. Even if the liquid floats on the liquid surface, the movement of the first particle and the second particle due to the gradient magnetic field is different, so that these particles are separated by type or the first particle or the second particle is separated from the mixture. be able to.
  • the mixture further includes diamagnetic or paramagnetic third particles, and the susceptibility of the third particles is outside the range between the susceptibility of the first particles and the second particles
  • the first particles and the second particles After separating one of the first particles and the second particles from the mixture using a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility between the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles and the second particles, the first particles and the second particles The remaining part of the mixture is separated into the other of the first and second particles and the third particle using a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility between the other magnetic susceptibility of the first particle and the magnetic susceptibility of the third particle.
  • the other of the first particles and the second particles or the third particles is separated from the remainder of the mixture.
  • a mixture can be isolate
  • the magnitude of the gradient magnetic field to be applied and the magnetic field gradient are reduced, or the mixture is compared with the conventional separation method and separation apparatus that separates in the vertical direction using the magnetic Archimedes effect.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid to be introduced can be reduced (low-concentration aqueous solution or water can be used)
  • FIG. 7A and 7B are explanatory views showing the outline of the magnet assembly used in the mixture separation device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline
  • 1st Example of this invention it is a drawing substitute photograph which image
  • 1st Example of this invention it is a drawing substitute photograph which image
  • 2nd Example of this invention it is the photograph which image
  • 2nd Example of this invention it is the photograph which image
  • 3rd Example of this invention it is the photograph which image
  • a mixture containing first particles and second particles formed of substances having different magnetic susceptibilities is placed in a liquid, and a magnetic field is applied to these particles in the liquid.
  • the magnetic field gradient of the applied magnetic field has a horizontal component.
  • a horizontal force F ix given by the following equation acts on each of the first particle and the second particle.
  • F ix ( ⁇ i ⁇ f ) B ⁇ B / ⁇ x / ⁇ 0
  • B the magnetic field (magnetic flux density)
  • the coordinate x is given along the horizontal direction (horizontal component of the magnetic field gradient)
  • ⁇ B / ⁇ x the horizontal magnetic field gradient (magnetic flux density gradient).
  • ⁇ i the magnetic susceptibility (volume magnetic susceptibility) of the first particle or the second particle
  • ⁇ f is the magnetic susceptibility (volume magnetic susceptibility) of the liquid
  • ⁇ 0 the magnetic permeability in vacuum.
  • this magnetic force F ix is referred to as a horizontal magnetic Archimedes force.
  • the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material or a paramagnetic material
  • the second particles are also formed of a diamagnetic material or a paramagnetic material. Since the forming substances are different, the magnetic susceptibility of the first particle and the second particle is different.
  • the value of the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid is between the susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particle and the susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle.
  • the susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid will preferably be ⁇ f ⁇ ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 ) / 2.
  • one of the first particle and the second particle remains stationary in the liquid, while the other of the first particle and the second particle moves laterally by the magnetic Archimedes force F ix in the horizontal direction.
  • a mixture is isolate
  • the first particles and / or the second particles move sideways or horizontally in a state of floating on the liquid surface.
  • the density (specific gravity) of the first particles and the second particles may be smaller than the density of the liquid. Even when the density of the first particles and the second particles is higher than the density of the liquid, the first particles and the second particles may float on the liquid surface due to the surface tension of the liquid.
  • the magnetic field gradient has a vertical component in addition to the horizontal component, and the magnetic Archimedes force in the vertical direction (z direction):
  • F iz ( ⁇ i ⁇ f ) B ⁇ B / ⁇ z / ⁇ 0 acts, one of the first particles and the second particles may float on the liquid surface.
  • the first particles and the second particles may float on the liquid surface on different principles (for example, the first particles may float on the liquid surface due to surface tension and the second particles may float on the liquid surface).
  • the magnetic field gradient has a vertical component in addition to the horizontal component, the magnetic Archimedes force in the vertical direction acts downward on the other of the first particle and the second particle. And about the other of 2nd particle
  • the mixture including the first particles and the second particles is separated according to the principle as described above.
  • a flow is applied to the liquid. May be.
  • a flow orthogonal to the horizontal component of the magnetic field gradient may be locally applied to the liquid in the separation tank.
  • the liquid may be entirely flowed in a direction orthogonal to the horizontal component of the magnetic field gradient.
  • separation of the mixture may be promoted by rotating or vibrating the liquid.
  • the first particles are formed of a diamagnetic material or a paramagnetic material
  • the second particles are also formed of a diamagnetic material or a paramagnetic material.
  • One of the first particle and the second particle may be formed of a paramagnetic material, and the other of the first particle and the second particle may be formed of a diamagnetic material.
  • both the first particle and the second particle are formed of a diamagnetic material.
  • the present invention is effective when formed of a paramagnetic material (and when the magnetic susceptibility of the substance forming the first particles and the second particles is close).
  • the diamagnetic material forming the first particle or the second particle include diamagnetic plastic and glass.
  • the present invention is effective when the magnetic susceptibility of the first particles and the second particles is close.
  • polyethylene (PE) particles and polypropylene (PP) particles can be used as a combination of the first particles and the second particles.
  • examples are combinations and combinations of glasses having different colors (for example, red glass and blue glass).
  • Examples of the paramagnetic material that forms the first particle or the second particle include aluminum and titanium.
  • the substances forming the first particles and the second particles may be in a structural isomer relationship with each other.
  • the volume magnetic susceptibility of 1,6-dodecanedioic acid is ⁇ 8.04 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 (SI unit system: the same value for the volume magnetic susceptibility described below), which is a structural isomer of 1 , 10-dodecanedioic acid has a volume magnetic susceptibility of ⁇ 8.89 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 , so that a mixture of 1,6-dodecanedioic acid particles and 1,10-dodecanedioic acid particles is used in the present invention. It is possible to separate by type using
  • the size and particle size of the first particle and the second particle are not limited, but it is preferable that the size is several ⁇ m to several cm in terms of handling the mixture to be processed and the separated particles.
  • the size and particle size of the first particles or the second particles in the mixture may not be uniform, and the shape of the first particles or the second particles in the mixture may not be the same.
  • the mixture to be treated in the present invention may be obtained by crushing a mass (for example, waste) containing a substance that forms the first particles and a substance that forms the second particles.
  • the value of the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid is between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particle and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle. Since the first particles and the second particles are formed of diamagnetic material or paramagnetic material, the liquid has diamagnetism or paramagnetism. Examples of the liquid used in the present invention include an aqueous solution of a paramagnetic inorganic salt.
  • the paramagnetic inorganic salt manganese chloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride, ferrous chloride, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, dysprosium nitrate, terbium nitrate and the like are used. Since water has diamagnetism (volume magnetic susceptibility: ⁇ 9.05 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ), the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid can be increased by adjusting the concentration of the paramagnetic inorganic salt.
  • an aqueous alcohol solution such as a methanol aqueous solution or water may be used as the diamagnetic liquid.
  • liquids having a magnetic susceptibility smaller than water include aqueous solutions of diamagnetic inorganic salts such as aqueous sodium chloride, aqueous potassium chloride, aqueous ammonium chloride, and aqueous ammonium sulfate, chloroform, and glycerin.
  • diamagnetic inorganic salts such as aqueous sodium chloride, aqueous potassium chloride, aqueous ammonium chloride, and aqueous ammonium sulfate, chloroform, and glycerin.
  • both the first particles and the second particles are formed of diamagnetic plastic
  • water or an aqueous solution may be used as the liquid of the present invention. Since the specific gravity of a considerable kind of diamagnetic plastic is smaller than that of water, the first particles and the second particles float on the liquid surface. By applying a gradient magnetic field in such a state, the first particles and the second particles can be smoothly moved in the lateral direction.
  • the gradient magnetic field applied in the present invention may be generated using a superconducting bulk magnet or a superconducting electromagnet.
  • the gradient magnetic field applied in the present invention may be generated using a permanent magnet or a normal electromagnet.
  • the magnetic field gradient of the magnetic field has a horizontal component.
  • the magnetic field gradient may have a vertical component in addition to the horizontal component.
  • the gradient magnetic field may have axial symmetry about the vertical axis, and in this case, the horizontal component of the magnetic field gradient becomes a radial component orthogonal to the central axis (vertical axis) of the gradient magnetic field, and the second component in the liquid.
  • the one particle and / or the second particle moves along the radial direction so as to be separated from each other.
  • a radial magnetic Archimedes force acting toward the central axis of the gradient magnetic field acts, the first particles or the second particles are collected on the central axis.
  • the opposite magnetic Archimedes force is applied, the first particle or the second particle moves outward from the central axis of the gradient magnetic field.
  • the first particle and the second particle are obtained by putting a mixture in the liquid and applying the magnetic field gradient having a horizontal component to float the first particle and the second particle on the liquid surface.
  • a step in which a magnetic field is applied is performed.
  • the step of putting the mixture in a liquid and applying a magnetic field having a horizontal component of the magnetic field gradient to the first particles and the second particles floating on the liquid surface is performed.
  • the mixture may be placed in the liquid in a state where a magnetic field is applied to the liquid stored in the separation tank, or the liquid is stored in the liquid stored in the separation tank and the first particles and the second particles are liquids.
  • a magnetic field may be applied while floating on the surface.
  • the method for introducing the mixture into the liquid is not limited.
  • a liquid in which the mixture is suspended may be added to the liquid stored in the separation tank.
  • the present invention can be used to separate the first particles or the second particles from a mixture comprising the first particles and the second particles.
  • the first particle and the second particle even when one or more kinds of particles are included in the mixture, for example, if the particles behave in the same manner as one of the first particle and the second particle, the first particle And only the other of the second particles can be separated from the mixture. That is, when three or more kinds of particles having different forming substances are contained in the mixture, the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid is set to be equal to or higher than the magnetic susceptibility of the particle having the smallest magnetic susceptibility and equal to or lower than that of the second smallest particle. Thus, particles with the lowest magnetic susceptibility may be separated from the mixture.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid to be equal to or higher than the magnetic susceptibility of the second largest magnetic susceptibility and equal to or lower than the magnetic susceptibility of the largest magnetic susceptibility, Good.
  • the separation method of the present invention is applied to the remainder or residue of the mixture after the separation of a specific type of particles by repeating the necessary number of times. Finally, the mixture can be separated according to the type of particles.
  • These three or more types of particles float in the liquid or are in a state of floating in the liquid.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid is adjusted or changed by adding the paramagnetic inorganic salt to the liquid during the subsequent separation process. It's okay.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid increases, and particles having a lower magnetic susceptibility are sequentially separated.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid may be adjusted by adding water to the liquid. In this case, every time the separation process is repeated, the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid decreases, and particles having a higher magnetic susceptibility are separated in order.
  • the mixture further includes third particles that are diamagnetic or paramagnetic, and the susceptibility of the first particle ⁇ 1 is smaller than the susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle, and the susceptibility ⁇ of the third particle Consider a case where 3 is larger than the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle. Similar to the first particle and the second particle, the third particle floats in the liquid or is in a state of floating in the liquid.
  • the mixture is put into a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the susceptibility of the first particle ⁇ 1 and the susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle, and a magnetic field gradient having a horizontal component.
  • the first particles are separated from the mixture by floating the first particles, the second particles, and the third particles on the liquid surface.
  • a mixture is put in a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particle ⁇ 1 and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle, and the first particle and the second floating state are floated on the liquid surface of the liquid.
  • a magnetic field having a horizontal component of the magnetic field gradient to the particles and (third particles)
  • the first particles are separated from the mixture.
  • the remainder of the mixture from which the first particles have been removed has a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle ⁇ 2 and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the third particle, and the magnetic field gradient is a horizontal component.
  • the second particles and the third particles are separated according to the type by putting the mixture in the liquid to which the magnetic field having the above is applied and floating the second particles and the third particles on the liquid surface.
  • a mixture is put in a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particles ⁇ 2 and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the third particles, and the second particles 3
  • the second particles and the third particles are separated by type.
  • a liquid prepared separately from the liquid used for separating the first particles may be used.
  • the liquid used for the separation of the first particles may be diverted by adjusting the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particles and the susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the third particles.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid may be adjusted with the second particles and the third particles floating on the liquid surface.
  • the same gradient magnetic field as that applied when separating the first particles may not be applied, and the magnetic field and / or the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient is not necessarily applied. May be changed as appropriate.
  • the mixture further includes third particles that are diamagnetic or paramagnetic.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the first particle ⁇ 1 is smaller than the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle, and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the third particle.
  • the third particle floats in the liquid or is in a state of floating in the liquid.
  • the mixture is put into a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the susceptibility of the first particle ⁇ 1 and the susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle, and a magnetic field gradient having a horizontal component.
  • the second particles are separated from the mixture by floating the first particles, the second particles, and the third particles on the liquid surface.
  • a mixture is put in a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particle ⁇ 1 and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle, and the first particles and the second particles floated on the liquid surface of the liquid.
  • a magnetic field having a horizontal component of the magnetic field gradient to the particles and the (third particles)
  • the second particles are separated from the mixture.
  • the remainder of the mixture from which the second particles have been removed has a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the first particle ⁇ 1 and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the third particle, and the magnetic field gradient has a horizontal component.
  • the first particles and the third particles are separated according to the type by putting the mixture in the liquid to which the magnetic field having the above is applied and floating the first particles and the third particles on the liquid surface.
  • a mixture is put in a liquid having a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the first particle ⁇ 1 and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the third particle, and the first particles 3
  • the first particles and the third particles are separated by type.
  • a liquid prepared separately from the liquid used for separating the second particles may be used.
  • the liquid used for the separation of the second particles may be diverted by adjusting the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f between the susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particles and the susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the third particles.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid may be adjusted with the first particles and the third particles floating on the liquid surface.
  • the same gradient magnetic field as that applied when the second particles are separated may not be applied. May be changed as appropriate.
  • the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid is set to be the same as or almost the same as that of the desired type of particles.
  • Types of particles can be separated from the mixture.
  • the desired type of particles can be separated from the mixture by not causing the horizontal magnetic Archimedes force to act on the desired type of particles and by moving other particles laterally with the horizontal magnetic Archimedes force. .
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a mixture separation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the separation device for a mixture according to the first embodiment includes a separation tank (11) and an electromagnet (21) disposed below the separation tank (11).
  • the electromagnet (21) is a superconducting electromagnet using a solenoid coil, and is arranged so that the coil central axis C1 is vertical.
  • the electromagnet (21) may be a normal electromagnet.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view showing the separation tank (11) and the electromagnet (21).
  • the separation tank (11) is preferably formed of a nonmagnetic material such as nonmagnetic stainless steel or plastic, has a horizontally long and narrow rectangular parallelepiped outer shape, and its upper side is open.
  • the separation tank (11) is arranged on the upper end surface of the electromagnet (21) so that the longitudinal direction thereof is substantially perpendicular to the coil center axis C1 and the coil center axis C1 passes through the substantial center of the separation tank (11). ing.
  • the liquid (31) is stored in the separation tank (11).
  • the mixture separated by the mixture separation device includes first particles (indicated by ⁇ ) and second particles (indicated by ⁇ ), and the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particles is It is smaller than the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of two particles.
  • the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid (31) is larger than the susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particle and smaller than the susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ f ⁇ 2 ). Furthermore, the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid (31) is set to a value approximately halfway between these magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ f ⁇ ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 ) / 2).
  • the density (specific gravity) of the first particles and the second particles is smaller than the density (specific gravity) of the liquid (31), and they float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31).
  • the same mixture as in this embodiment is processed, and the same liquid (31) as in this embodiment is used.
  • the mixture separation device has a first storage tank (41) for the mixture, and the first storage tank (41) allows the mixture before the separation process to be put into the liquid (31). Held (floating in the liquid (31)).
  • the first storage tank (41) and the separation tank (11) are connected by a mixture supply channel (43), and a first pump provided in the mixture supply channel (43) during operation of the separator. (45) operates, and the mixture is sent from the first storage tank (41) to the separation tank (11) together with the liquid (31) at a predetermined flow rate.
  • the mixture supply channel (43) is branched on the separation tank (11) side.
  • the first discharge pipe (47a) at the tip of one of the branch paths is formed by the wall (13a) of the separation tank (11) closer to the first discharge pipe (47a) and the center of the separation tank (11) (or The coil central axis C1) is arranged approximately in the middle.
  • the second discharge pipe (47b) at the tip of the other branch passage is substantially at the center of the separation tank (11) and the wall (13b) of the separation tank (11) closer to the second discharge pipe (47b). Arranged in the middle.
  • each of the first discharge pipe (47a) and the second discharge pipe (47b) is arranged so as to be located at the center in the width direction of the separation tank (11) (see FIG. 2).
  • the lower ends of the first discharge pipe (47a) and the second discharge pipe (47b) are arranged near the liquid surface of the liquid (31) in the separation tank (11).
  • the magnetic field generated by the solenoid coil is well known.
  • the electromagnet (21) using the solenoid coil is in an operating state, the first particles and the second particles sent to the separation tank (11) have axial symmetry with respect to the coil central axis C1 along the vertical direction.
  • a (gradient) magnetic field is applied. Since the magnetic field strength decreases as it moves away from the coil central axis C1 in the radial direction, the magnetic field gradient of the applied magnetic field has a horizontal component, that is, a radial component.
  • the first particles released together with the liquid (31) from the first discharge pipe (47a) and the second discharge pipe (47b) to the separation tank (11) are directed outward in the radial direction.
  • the magnetic Archimedes force acts.
  • the first particles released from the first release pipe (47a) move toward the wall (13a) near the first release pipe (47a) while floating on the liquid surface of the liquid (31).
  • the first particles released from the second release pipe (47b) move toward the wall (13b) near the second release pipe (47b) while floating on the liquid surface of the liquid (31).
  • the separation tank (11) Since the separation tank (11) is formed narrow, the diffusion of the first particles in the width direction is suppressed, and the first particles that hit the walls (13c) (13d) along the longitudinal direction are Then, they move along the walls (13c) and (13d) to the walls (13a) and (13b).
  • the second particles released together with the liquid (31) from the first discharge tube (47a) and the second discharge tube (47b) to the separation tank (11) have a magnetic Archimedes facing inward along the radial direction. Force acts.
  • the second particles discharged from the first discharge pipe (47a) and the second discharge pipe (47b) float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31), and enter the center of the separation tank (11) or the coil central axis C1. Move towards. Thereby, a mixture is isolate
  • a first suction pipe (51a) is disposed adjacent to the wall (13a), and a second suction pipe (51b) is disposed adjacent to the wall (13b).
  • the lower ends of the suction pipes (51a) (51b) are arranged near the liquid surface of the liquid (31) in the separation tank (11), and the first particles have moved toward the walls (13a) (13b).
  • the first suction pipe (51a) and the second suction pipe (51b) constitute a part of the first particle recovery channel (53).
  • the first particle recovery channel (53) is provided with a second pump (55) for sucking up the first particles together with the liquid (31).
  • a second storage tank (57) in which the recovered first particles are held together with the liquid (31) is provided at the end of the first particle recovery channel (53).
  • the third suction pipe (61) is disposed on or near the coil central axis C1.
  • the lower end of the third suction pipe (61) is disposed near the liquid surface of the liquid (31) in the separation tank (11), and the second particles that have moved toward the coil central axis C1 together with the liquid (31). Suck up.
  • the third suction pipe (61) constitutes a second particle recovery channel (63).
  • the second particle recovery channel (63) is provided with a third pump (65) for sucking up the second particles together with the liquid (31).
  • a third storage tank (67) is provided in which the recovered second particles are held together with the liquid (31).
  • the flow rate of the liquid (31) sent from the first storage tank (41) to the separation tank (11) through the first discharge pipe (47a) and the second discharge pipe (47b) is the first to third suction pipes (51a).
  • the flow rate of the liquid (31) sent from the separation tank (11) to the second storage tank (57) and the third storage tank (67) via the separation tank (11) is made the same as that in the separation tank (11). It is preferable that the liquid level of the liquid (31) does not fluctuate. Further, only the liquid (31) from the second storage tank (57) and / or the third storage tank (67) so that the amount of the liquid (31) stored in the storage tanks (41) (57) (67) is constant. May be collected and sent to the first storage tank (41).
  • the vertical and horizontal positions of the first discharge pipe (47a), the second discharge pipe (47b), and the first to third suction pipes (51a) (51b) (61) may be adjustable. .
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a mixture separation apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing the separation tank (15) of the separation apparatus.
  • a cylindrical separation tank (15) whose upper side is open is used.
  • a disk-shaped or cylindrical superconducting bulk magnet (23) is used as means for applying a gradient magnetic field.
  • FIG. 3 the cross section of the separation tank (15) and the superconducting bulk magnet (23) is schematically shown.
  • the central axis C2 of the superconducting bulk magnet (23) is arranged in the vertical direction, and the separation tank (15) is coaxially arranged above the upper magnetic pole surface of the superconducting bulk magnet (23).
  • the same mixture as in the first embodiment is processed, and the same liquid (31) as in the first embodiment is used.
  • the density of the first particles and the second particles is smaller than the density of the liquid (31), and these particles float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31).
  • the density of the first particles and the second particles is larger than the density of the liquid (31), but the first particles and the second particles float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31) due to the surface tension. Also good.
  • a magnetic field having an axial symmetry (gradient) with respect to the central axis C2 of the superconducting bulk magnet (23) along the vertical direction is applied to the first particles and the second particles sent to the separation tank (11).
  • the magnetic field generated by the disc-shaped superconducting bulk magnet (23) is well known. Since the magnetic field strength decreases with distance from the central axis C2, the magnetic field gradient of the applied magnetic field has a horizontal component, that is, a radial component.
  • a hopper (71) into which the mixture is placed is disposed above the separation tank (15).
  • the hopper (71) is disposed on the central axis C2 of the superconducting bulk magnet (23) or the central axis of the separation tank (15), and the mixture discharged from the lower side of the hopper (71) is liquid (31 ) Falls to the center area of the liquid level.
  • An outward magnetic Archimedes force along the radial direction acts on the first particles emitted from the hopper (71).
  • the first particles move radially toward the peripheral wall of the separation tank (15) while floating on the liquid surface of the liquid (31).
  • the second particles released from the hopper (71) float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31) and are collected in the central region of the liquid surface.
  • a mixture is isolate
  • suction pipes (51a-d) are provided at intervals of 1/4 of the circumference of the peripheral wall in order to collect the first particles. These suction pipes (51a-d) collect the first particles together with the liquid (31). The first particles discharged from the hopper (71) are directly sucked into any one of the suction pipes (51a-d) together with the liquid (31), or hit the peripheral wall portion and further sucked along the peripheral wall portion. After moving toward the pipe (51a-d), it is sucked into the suction pipe (51a-d). The suction pipe (51a-d) constitutes a part of the first particle recovery channel (53).
  • the first particle recovery channel (53) is provided with a pump (55) for sucking up the first particles together with the liquid (31), and is recovered at the end of the first particle recovery channel (53).
  • a storage tank (57) in which the first particles are held together with the liquid (31) is provided. Only the liquid (31) is sent from the storage tank (57) to the separation tank (15) via the flow path (not shown), and the amount of the liquid (31) stored in the separation tank (15) is made constant. .
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a mixture separation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Also in this embodiment, an electromagnet (25) using a solenoid coil is used, but the separation tank (11) is arranged in the internal space of the solenoid coil. Except for this point, the mixture separation device of the third embodiment is configured in the same manner as the mixture separation device of the first embodiment. As the electromagnet (25), a superconducting electromagnet is used, but a normal electromagnet may be used.
  • the electromagnet (25) is arranged so that the coil center axis C3 is horizontal, and the separation tank (11) includes the coil center O and is divided into two by a plane K1 perpendicular to the coil center axis C3. Has been placed.
  • the separation tank (11) is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is parallel to the coil central axis C3.
  • a magnetic field substantially parallel to the coil central axis C3 is generated in the internal space of the electromagnet (25) using the solenoid coil.
  • the magnetic field is substantially uniform in a plane perpendicular to the coil center axis C3, and the magnetic field strength decreases as the distance from the coil center O or the plane K1 including the coil center O in the horizontal direction increases. Therefore, the magnetic field applied to the separation tank (11) by the electromagnet (25) has a magnetic field gradient, and the magnetic field gradient has a horizontal component.
  • the plane K1 is located between the first discharge pipe (47a) and the second discharge pipe (47b) for discharging the mixture together with the liquid (31) into the separation tank (11).
  • An outward magnetic Archimedes force parallel to the coil central axis C3 acts on the first particles released from the first release pipe (47a) and the second release pipe (47b) to the separation tank (11).
  • the first particles released from the first release pipe (47a) move toward the wall (13a) near the first release pipe (47a) in a state of floating on the liquid surface of the liquid (31).
  • a suction pipe (51a) is sucked.
  • the first particles released from the second release pipe (47b) move toward the wall surface (13b) near the second release pipe (47b) while floating on the liquid surface of the liquid (31), and the second particles Suction into the suction pipe (51b).
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a mixture separation device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a magnet assembly (27) using a permanent magnet is used for applying a gradient magnetic field to particles in the separation tank (11).
  • the magnet assembly (27) for example, a magnet bar (81) as shown in FIG. 7 (a) or a Halbach magnet (91) as shown in FIG. 7 (b) may be used.
  • the magnet bar (81) shown in FIG. 7 (a) includes a plurality of permanent magnets (85) arranged in a line so that the N or S poles face each other via a thin plate-shaped iron yoke (83). Yes.
  • Each of the plurality of permanent magnets (85) is formed in a columnar shape, for example.
  • a high magnetic field gradient is generated near or around each iron yoke (83).
  • the magnet bar (81) is disposed horizontally, and the separation tank (11) is disposed between the permanent magnets (85) disposed such that the N poles face each other. Arranged above the yoke (83).
  • a magnetic field symmetric with respect to the vertical plane K2 equidistant from the two permanent magnets (85) sandwiching the iron yoke (83) is applied to the separation tank (11).
  • the positions of both wall portions (13a) and (13b) of the separation tank (11) are surfaces that bisect the two permanent magnets (85) sandwiching the iron yoke (83) below the separation tank (11). It is preferred not to exceed L1 and L2.
  • the magnetic field decreases as the distance from the vertical plane K2 in the horizontal direction increases.
  • the separation tank (11) may be disposed above the iron yoke (83) disposed between the two permanent magnets (85) disposed so that the south poles face each other, as indicated by a broken line.
  • the Halbach magnet (91) shown in FIG. 7 (b) includes a plurality of permanent magnets (93) arranged in the horizontal direction so that the directions of magnetization differ by 90 degrees, that is, arranged in a Halbach array.
  • Each of the permanent magnets (93) is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a long plate-shaped iron yoke (95) is disposed below them.
  • the separation tank (11) is arrange
  • a magnetic field symmetric with respect to the vertical plane K3 that bisects the permanent magnet (93) is applied to the separation tank (11).
  • the positions of both wall portions (13a) and (13b) of the separation tank (11) are planes L3 and L4 that vertically bisect the two permanent magnets (93) adjacent to the permanent magnet (93) below them. It is preferable not to exceed.
  • the magnetic field decreases as the distance from the vertical plane K3 increases.
  • the separation tank (11) may be disposed above the permanent magnet (93) disposed so that the south pole is on the upper side, as indicated by a broken line.
  • the plane K2 or the Halbach magnet (91) related to the magnet bar (81) Such a plane K3 is located.
  • An outward magnetic Archimedes force acts on the first particles released from the first release pipe (47a) and the second release pipe (47b) to the separation tank (11).
  • the first particles released from the first discharge pipe (47a) float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31), and move toward the wall (13a) near the first discharge pipe (47a) to be first suctioned. It is sucked into the tube (51a).
  • the first particles released from the second release pipe (47b) float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31), and move toward the wall (13b) near the second release pipe (47b) to be second suctioned. It is sucked into the tube (51b).
  • the separation tank (11) is further arranged so that its longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the plane K2 or K3 so that it is divided into two by the plane K2 or K3.
  • the second particles discharged from the first discharge pipe (47a) and the second discharge pipe (47b) float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31) and move toward the center of the separation tank (11) or the plane K2 or K3. It moves and is sucked into the third suction pipe (61).
  • the separation tank (11) the mixture is separated into the first particles and the second particles, and collected by type. Since the other points regarding the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a mixture separation device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a superconducting electromagnet (29) using a solenoid coil is used, and the electromagnet (29) is arranged so that its coil central axis C4 is horizontal.
  • the separation tank (11) is disposed along the coil central axis C4 outside the solenoid coil.
  • the electromagnet (29) may be a normal conducting electromagnet.
  • the mixture separation device has a first storage tank (41) for the mixture, and in the first storage tank (41), the mixture before the separation process is converted into the liquid (31). It is kept in the state where it was put.
  • the first storage tank (41) and the separation tank (11) are connected by a mixture supply channel (43) provided with a first pump (45), and a liquid having a predetermined flow rate is operated during the operation of the separation apparatus. Together with (31), the mixture is sent from the first storage tank (41) to the separation tank (11).
  • a discharge pipe (47) for discharging the mixture sent through the mixture supply channel (43) is arranged.
  • the magnetic field applied to the particles in the separation tank (11) decreases with increasing distance from the electromagnet (29) along the longitudinal direction of the separation tank (11) or along the coil central axis C4. .
  • the magnetic field gradient of the magnetic field applied to the particles in the separation tank (11) has a horizontal component, and the first particles emitted from the discharge tube (47) to the separation tank (11) Directional magnetic Archimedes force acts.
  • the first particles released from the discharge tube (47) float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31) and move toward the wall portion (13a) facing the wall surface on the electromagnet (29) side. It is sucked into the suction pipe (51).
  • the sucked first particles are supplied to a second storage tank (57 for first particles) through a first particle recovery channel (53) provided with a pump (55) for sucking the first particles together with the liquid (31). ).
  • the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid (31) is substantially the same as the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle. Therefore, the magnetic Archimedes force in the horizontal direction hardly acts on the second particles discharged from the discharge pipe (47) to the separation tank (11).
  • the second particles released to the separation tank (11) float on the liquid surface of the liquid (31) in the vicinity of the wall (13b) on the electromagnet (29) side of the separation tank (11).
  • a second particle suction pipe (61) is provided, and the second particles are sucked into the suction pipe (61). .
  • the sucked second particles are passed through a second particle recovery channel (63) provided with a pump (65) for sucking the second particles together with the liquid (31), and a third storage tank (67) for second particles. Sent to.
  • the mixture is separated into the first particles and the second particles, and collected by type.
  • first to fifth embodiments of the present invention described above can be used to separate and recover only the first particle or the second particle from the mixture containing the first particle and the second particle. Furthermore, by appropriately modifying the above-described first to fifth embodiments of the present invention, a mixture containing three or more types of particles that form different substances can also be separated by type, or specific types of particles can be obtained. It is also clear that only can be separated and recovered.
  • the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid (31) is set to the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particle having the smallest magnetic susceptibility.
  • the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle ( ⁇ f ⁇ ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2 ) / 2).
  • the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 2 of the second particle is larger than the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 1 of the first particle and smaller than the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 3 of the third particle.
  • the first particles are collected from the first and second suction pipes (51a-b) as described above, and other types of particles are collected in the central region of the liquid surface.
  • the magnetic susceptibility chi f of the liquid (31) in 11 the magnetic susceptibility chi 2 and the magnetization of the second particles are approximately intermediate value between the magnetic susceptibility chi 3 of the largest third particles (chi f ⁇ ( ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 3 ) / 2).
  • the second particles move outward. Thereby, the second particles can be collected by the first and second suction pipes (51a-b).
  • the switching valve is provided in the flow path downstream of the third pump (65), and the second particles collected before the second particle are sent.
  • a storage tank is provided.
  • the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid (31) in the separation tank (11) is approximately halfway between the magnetic susceptibility of a desired type of particle and the particle having the next smallest magnetic susceptibility.
  • the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ f of the liquid (31) in the separation tank (11) is changed to the magnetic susceptibility of a desired type of particles.
  • the electromagnet (21), superconducting bulk magnet (23), electromagnet (25), magnet assembly (27), and electromagnet (29) of the above embodiment correspond to the magnetic field generating means in the present invention.
  • the discharge pipe (47), the discharge pipe (47a-b) or the mixture supply flow path (43) including them and the hopper (71) of the above embodiment correspond to the mixture introduction means in the present invention.
  • a mixture composed of polyethylene (PE) particles and polypropylene (PP) particles was prepared, and charged near the center of the liquid level of the aqueous methanol solution placed in a transparent glass container (beaker).
  • the container had an inverted frustoconical outer shape with the upper side open, and the liquid level of the aqueous methanol solution in the container was approximately 2 cm from the bottom of the container.
  • the aqueous methanol solution is prepared by mixing water (volume magnetic susceptibility: ⁇ 9.05 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ) and methanol (volume magnetic susceptibility: ⁇ 6.65 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ), and the value of the volume magnetic susceptibility is prepared.
  • the polyethylene particles and the polypropylene particles were obtained by crushing the polyethylene lump and the polypropylene lump, and the size of the particles was about 1 mm. Since the specific gravity of the polyethylene particles was 0.93 and the specific gravity of the polypropylene particles was 0.91, the polyethylene particles and the polypropylene particles introduced into the center of the liquid surface of the methanol aqueous solution floated in the methanol aqueous solution. Both polyethylene and polypropylene were diamagnetic materials, and the volume magnetic susceptibility of the polyethylene particles was ⁇ 8.34 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 , and the volume magnetic susceptibility of the polypropylene particles was ⁇ 8.67 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 . .
  • FIG. 9 is a photograph taken from above the container of a pattern floating near the center of the liquid surface in a state where polyethylene particles and polypropylene particles are mixed.
  • a container was placed on the disc-shaped superconducting bulk magnet, and a gradient magnetic field was applied to these particles.
  • the container was placed on the upper magnetic pole face of the superconducting bulk magnet so that the central axis of the superconducting bulk magnet passed through the liquid level or the approximate center of the container.
  • the radius of the superconducting bulk magnet was 30 mm, and the superconducting bulk magnet was arranged so that the central axis was vertical, that is, the magnetic pole face was horizontal.
  • the magnetic field of the superconducting bulk magnet was 0.5T at the magnetic pole face center.
  • the magnetic field generated by the disc-shaped superconducting bulk magnet is axisymmetric about its central axis, and has a horizontal, more specifically radial magnetic field gradient.
  • the polypropylene particles having a magnetic susceptibility smaller than that of the methanol aqueous solution moved outward while being floated on the liquid surface due to the radial magnetic Archimedes force, and stopped by hitting the wall surface of the container.
  • the polyethylene particles having a higher magnetic susceptibility than the aqueous methanol solution remained near the center of the liquid surface.
  • FIG. 10 is a photograph of a pattern in which polyethylene particles and polypropylene particles are separated taken from above the container.
  • Yellow glass and blue glass are both diamagnetic materials.
  • the yellow glass particles had a volume magnetic susceptibility of ⁇ 9.27 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6
  • the blue glass particles had a volume magnetic susceptibility of ⁇ 2.20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6
  • the volume magnetic susceptibility of the aqueous manganese chloride solution was ⁇ 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 .
  • the volume magnetic susceptibility of the manganese chloride aqueous solution was set to a value between the volume magnetic susceptibility of the yellow glass particles and the volume magnetic susceptibility of the blue glass particles.
  • the disk shape is arranged so that the central axis is along the vertical direction.
  • the container was placed on a superconducting bulk magnet.
  • the center of the bottom surface of the container was arranged approximately at the center of the horizontal upper magnetic pole surface of the superconducting bulk magnet.
  • the radius of the superconducting bulk magnet was 30 mm, and the magnetic field strength of the superconducting bulk magnet was approximately 3.3 T at the center of the magnetic pole surface.
  • the yellow glass particles with a magnetic susceptibility smaller than that of the manganese chloride aqueous solution move outward while floating on the liquid surface due to the action of the radial magnetic Archimedes force. , Collected near the peripheral wall of the container. Blue glass particles having a magnetic susceptibility greater than that of the aqueous manganese chloride solution moved toward the central axis of the magnet and were collected in the central region of the liquid surface.
  • the photograph in FIG. 12 is a photograph of the state where the mixture is separated into yellow glass particles and blue glass particles from above the container. Thus, it was confirmed that a mixture of diamagnetic yellow glass particles and blue glass particles can be separated by type using the present invention.
  • both the red phosphor and the blue phosphor are paramagnetic materials.
  • the red phosphor particles When measured using a magnetic balance, the red phosphor particles have a volume magnetic susceptibility of 0.74 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 , which is smaller than the volume magnetic susceptibility of the manganese chloride aqueous solution, and the blue phosphor particles have a volume magnetic susceptibility of It was 1.37 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4, which was larger than the volume magnetic susceptibility of the manganese chloride aqueous solution.
  • a container was placed on a disk-shaped superconducting bulk magnet in a state in which red phosphor particles and blue phosphor particles were mixed and floated near the center of the liquid surface of the manganese chloride aqueous solution.
  • the red phosphor particles having a magnetic susceptibility smaller than that of the manganese chloride aqueous solution moved outward while floating on the liquid surface due to the radial magnetic Archimedes force, and were collected near the peripheral wall of the container.
  • Blue phosphor particles having a magnetic susceptibility greater than that of the aqueous manganese chloride solution moved toward the central axis of the magnet and were collected in the central region of the liquid surface.
  • a mixture of polyethylene (PE) particles, polypropylene (PP) particles, and polystyrene (PS) particles was prepared and charged near the center of the liquid level of the aqueous methanol solution contained in the container used in the second example. .
  • the same polyethylene particles and polypropylene particles as those in the first example were used.
  • the size of the polystyrene particles was about 1 mm, and the specific gravity was 1.04.
  • Polystyrene was diamagnetic and the volume magnetic susceptibility of the polystyrene particles was ⁇ 8.16 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 .
  • the volume magnetic susceptibility of the methanol aqueous solution was ⁇ 8.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 (magnetic balance value), which was smaller than the volume magnetic susceptibility of polystyrene particles and larger than the volume magnetic susceptibility of polyethylene particles and polypropylene particles.
  • the superconducting bulk used in the first embodiment is such that the central axis of the superconducting bulk magnet passes through the liquid surface or approximately the center of the container while these particles are mixed and floated near the center of the liquid surface of the methanol aqueous solution.
  • a container was placed on top of the magnet and a gradient magnetic field was applied to these particles.
  • the polyethylene particles and polypropylene particles having a magnetic susceptibility smaller than that of the aqueous methanol solution moved outward while floating on the liquid surface due to the radial magnetic Archimedes force, and hit the inner wall surface of the container and stopped.
  • Polystyrene particles having a higher magnetic susceptibility than the aqueous methanol solution were collected in the central region of the liquid surface.
  • the present invention can separate specific types of particles from a mixture including three or more types of particles formed of substances having different magnetic susceptibility, more specifically, polyethylene particles, polypropylene particles, It was confirmed that the polystyrene particles were separated from the mixture composed of the polystyrene particles.
  • the remainder of the mixture from which the polystyrene particles are separated or the residue (consisting of polyethylene particles and polypropylene particles) is recovered, and this remainder is subjected to the same treatment as in the first embodiment, It is clear that the remainder can be separated into polyethylene particles and polypropylene particles by type. Further, in the fourth embodiment, after recovering the separated polystyrene particles, water is added to the methanol aqueous solution, and the volume magnetic susceptibility is lowered between the volume magnetic susceptibility of the polyethylene particles and the polypropylene particles so that the polystyrene particles It is clear that the residue of the separated mixture can be separated into polyethylene particles and polypropylene particles by type. In this way, after separating a certain kind of particles, the separation process of the present invention is applied to the remainder of the mixture as many times as necessary to separate a mixture containing three or more kinds of particles according to the kind of particles. Can do.
  • the present invention may be applied to material recycling of waste.
  • the present invention may be applied to recycling of waste glass and phosphors.
  • the present invention may also be applied to recycling polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. These polymers are currently discharged in large quantities as waste. However, since it is difficult to separate a mixture containing these polymers, at present, such a mixture is only thermally recycled by incineration.
  • the present invention to a mixture containing polyethylene and polypropylene, it is possible to remove foreign matters in the mixture and to individually collect polyethylene and polypropylene, and thus material recycling of polyethylene and polypropylene is possible.
  • fractionation based on the impurity concentration of a material mixed with a trace amount of impurities, and separation of isomers can be performed using the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de séparation de composé et un dispositif de séparation ce par quoi, même si la densité des substances comprises dans un composé est basse, ou s'il y a une différence insuffisante dans la sensibilité des substances dans le composé, il est possible de séparer le composé à l'aide d'un champ magnétique à gradient. Ce procédé de séparation de composé sépare un composé comprenant des premières particules et des secondes particules par type de particule, à l'aide d'un fluide (31). Les premières et secondes particules sont formées respectivement par une substance soit diamagnétique soit paramagnétique. La sensibilité du fluide (31) est une valeur qui est entre la sensibilité des premières particules et la sensibilité des secondes particules. Ce procédé de séparation comprend : une étape d'insertion du composé dans le liquide (31), un champ magnétique avec un gradient magnétique qui a un composant horizontal étant conféré au liquide (31), et de flottement des premières et secondes particules sur la surface du liquide (31) ; ou une étape d'insertion du composé dans le liquide (31), et de transmission du champ magnétique avec le gradient magnétique qui a le composant horizontal aux premières et secondes particules qui flottent sur la surface du liquide (31).
PCT/JP2013/075261 2012-09-20 2013-09-19 Procédé de séparation de composé et dispositif de séparation WO2014046164A1 (fr)

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CN107571426A (zh) * 2017-08-02 2018-01-12 青岛科技大学 一种废旧塑料的分选方法及分选系统
JP2019515795A (ja) * 2016-05-06 2019-06-13 ステムセル テクノロジーズ カナダ インコーポレーテッド プレート磁石

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CN105390210A (zh) * 2014-08-25 2016-03-09 波音公司 具有提高的导电性的复合材料及其制造方法
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CN107571426B (zh) * 2017-08-02 2024-06-07 青岛科技大学 一种废旧塑料的分选方法及分选系统

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