WO2014043841A1 - 履带式全方位移动平台 - Google Patents

履带式全方位移动平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014043841A1
WO2014043841A1 PCT/CN2012/001755 CN2012001755W WO2014043841A1 WO 2014043841 A1 WO2014043841 A1 WO 2014043841A1 CN 2012001755 W CN2012001755 W CN 2012001755W WO 2014043841 A1 WO2014043841 A1 WO 2014043841A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crawler
track
wheel
omni
mobile platform
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/001755
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张豫南
黄涛
颜南明
张健
尚颖辉
李年裕
李瀚飞
王双双
田鹏
闫永宝
赵玉慧
孙晓雨
吴中坚
李辉
张舒阳
王恒
Original Assignee
Zhang Yunan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Yunan filed Critical Zhang Yunan
Publication of WO2014043841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014043841A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D11/00—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D55/00—Endless track vehicles
    • B62D55/08—Endless track units; Parts thereof
    • B62D55/18—Tracks
    • B62D55/20—Tracks of articulated type, e.g. chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D55/00—Endless track vehicles
    • B62D55/08—Endless track units; Parts thereof
    • B62D55/18—Tracks
    • B62D55/26—Ground engaging parts or elements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of mobile mechanical devices, and in particular relates to a crawler type mobile platform with omnidirectional motion characteristics.
  • the application of mobile platforms in various industries has gradually deepened and broadened, such as warehousing and transportation, aviation and aerospace, military security and service industries. According to the characteristics of motion, it can be divided into omnidirectional and non-omnidirectional, but most of the existing mobile platforms are non-omnidirectional.
  • the omni-directional mobile platform has three degrees of motion freedom in the XY plane in the space coordinate system XYZ, that is, the translation along the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the rotation around the z-axis. It has more flexible maneuverability and can be moved in any direction on the plane without changing the attitude of the platform. It can also realize the steering movement with any radius as the center and any radius.
  • the omni-directional mobile platform can travel flexibly in tight and crowded spaces, and can fine-tune its position and attitude, making it ideal for applications requiring precise positioning and high-precision trajectory tracking.
  • the moving mechanism is the basis of the movement of the mobile platform. It can usually be divided into wheeled, crawler and leg-footed, as well as step, creep and snake forms for specific occasions. At present, most of the omni-directional mobile platforms use wheeled mechanisms, mainly including: Mecanum wheel, continuous switching wheel
  • the Mecanum wheel is a typical wheeled omnidirectional moving mechanism, as shown in Figure 1, which is mainly driven by the hub 1 And a series of drum-shaped rollers 3 fixed on the hub, the outer envelope 2 of the roller coincides with the theoretical circumferential line of the wheel, the roller can rotate freely about its axis, and the roller axis and the hub axis are clamped
  • the angle is the offset angle of the roller, typically ⁇ 45°.
  • the Mecanum wheeled omni-directional mobile platform is currently the most widely used omni-directional mobile platform. It requires three or more Mecanum wheels for omnidirectional motion, typically four Mecanum wheels.
  • the generally reasonable wheel layout structure is a longitudinally symmetric layout, similar to the wheel structure of a small car.
  • the four wheel structure parameters take the same value, and the installation is carried out in both forward and reverse directions, so the roller offset angle of the upper wheel of the platform Only ⁇ two (usually taken as ⁇ 45°).
  • the optimal wheel layout scheme is shown in Figure 2.
  • the four rectangular boxes in the figure represent four wheels, and the diagonal lines in the boxes indicate the axial direction of each grounding roller, that is, the partial Set the direction.
  • the Mecanum wheel Since the Mecanum wheel is in point contact with the ground, this causes the entire platform to touch only 4 points on the ground, and the grounding area is very small. And the Mecanum wheel is a rigid wheel, so the platform is prone to bumps during the movement, especially at high speeds.
  • the ideal working condition for the Mecanum wheeled omni-directional mobile platform is a flat road surface. It is difficult to guarantee the accuracy and stability of omnidirectional motion on uneven roads. Because there are only 4 points of contact between the whole platform and the ground, and irregularities and undulations on the uneven road surface, it is easy to see that a certain wheel or some wheels do not touch the ground, which will result in the platform not being able to complete the all-round movement.
  • VUTON "VUTON” Crawler was invented by Professor Shigeo Hirose of Japan, and his invention was inspired by a omnidirectional wheel.
  • Professor Hirose wanted to replace the original omnidirectional wheel with a series of free rollers, which turned it into a track-type omni-directional moving mechanism.
  • its structure is mainly composed of a pair of chains 4, 5 and a plurality of cylindrical free rollers 7, which maintain a fixed spacing between the two chains, which are connected by a rectangular frame 6, free rollers They are then fixed on a rectangular frame that rotates around their own axis but maintains a horizontal attitude.
  • This mechanism is characterized by a flat and compact structure; The original omnidirectional wheel, the grounding area is increased, and the load capacity is also enhanced.
  • the physical structure of the "VUT0N" mobile crawler is mainly composed of a driving axle, an inner chain, an outer chain, a speed control belt, a rectangular frame, a frame bracket, a roller and a tensioning device, wherein the angle between the roller axis and the driving wheel axis is 90°, that is, the offset angle of the roller is 90°.
  • Part of the structural design of the "VUTON" moving track such as the use of a 90° offset angle roller and a rectangular frame, results in a poor ability to pass the road surface with obstacles such as steps and grooves, thereby reducing its passability.
  • an omni-directional mobile platform requires at least four of these track mechanisms.
  • the motion analysis of the four-track structure shows that the platform can only adopt the four-track surround-symmetric layout scheme as shown in Fig. 4, and cannot use the wheel assembly scheme similar to that of a small car.
  • the rectangular frame in the figure represents a track
  • a series of short solid lines in the box indicates the axis of a series of grounding rollers on the track
  • a thin dotted line indicates the driving wheel axis.
  • Each track on the platform is driven independently by the motor. By controlling the size and direction of each track, different combinations of motions can be obtained, enabling omni-directional movement of the platform.
  • the structure of the "VUTON" Crawler itself and the track group layout scheme of the platform determine the poor ability of the platform to pass obstacles such as steps and grooves.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a crawler type.
  • An omni-directional mobile platform which is mainly composed of a mobile mechanism, a control subsystem, a drive subsystem and a power subsystem, wherein the mobile mechanism is composed of a plurality of omnidirectional moving crawlers, and the plurality of omnidirectional mobile crawlers are similar to the four of the automobile
  • the wheel sets are arranged in a longitudinally symmetrical structure.
  • the omnidirectional moving track is mainly composed of a driving wheel (12), a track shoe (13), a roller (14), a road wheel (15), a towing wheel (16) and an inducer wheel (17).
  • the omnidirectional moving crawler is formed by splicing a plurality of track shoes (13), and the rollers (14) are fixed on the roller brackets (23) of each track shoe.
  • the axis of rotation is disposed at an angle to the axis of the drive wheel (12) of the omnidirectional moving track to form an offset angle of the roller (14).
  • the two omnidirectional moving tracks on the pair of angles have the same offset angle, and are located in another pair perpendicular thereto.
  • the offset angle of the two omnidirectional moving tracks on the corner line is opposite to the aforementioned offset angle.
  • the track shoe is composed of a plate body (19), a guiding tooth (20), an engaging shaft (21), a pin hole (22), and a roller bracket (23), wherein the meshing shaft (21) and the driving wheel (12)
  • the upper ring gears mesh with each other to effect power conversion, and the pin holes (22) are used to splicing a plurality of track shoes into one complete track.
  • the axis of the roller bracket (23) of the track shoe is at a fixed angle with the axis of the driving wheel (12) to form a uniform fixed offset angle of the plurality of rollers (14) on the track shoe (13).
  • the offset angle of the roller (14) ranges between (0°, 90°) or (-90°, 0°).
  • the roller (14) has an offset angle of ⁇ 45°.
  • control subsystem is comprised of a joystick, a motor controller, and a comprehensive controller for calculating motor speed and steering and transmitting motor speed and steering commands to the corresponding motor controller.
  • the drive subsystem is comprised of a motor and a speed reducer that is coupled to the moving mechanism via a retarder and that receives the rotational speed and steering commands of the motor controller to drive the moving mechanism.
  • the crawler type omnidirectional mobile platform of the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: (1) improving the stability of the omnidirectional mobile platform; (2) enhancing the omnidirectional mobile platform. Road adaptability; (3) Improve the ability of the all-round mobile platform to overcome obstacles.
  • Figure 1 Axial projection of the Mecamim wheel in the prior art
  • Figure 2 Optimal wheel set layout for mobile platforms using Mecanum axles in the prior art
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the "VUT0N” moving track in the prior art
  • Figure 4 Four-track surround symmetrical layout scheme of the mobile platform using the "VUT0N” mobile crawler in the prior art
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a crawler type omnidirectional mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of an omnidirectional moving crawler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal symmetric layout view of a crawler belt type omnidirectional mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a driving wheel of an omnidirectional moving crawler according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a track shoe of an omnidirectional moving crawler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a crawler type omnidirectional mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the crawler type omnidirectional mobile platform of the embodiment of the present invention is an electric drive control platform. It is mainly composed of a mobile mechanism, a control subsystem, a drive subsystem, and a power subsystem. Among them, the mobile organization is the foundation of the platform, and the control subsystem is the core of the platform.
  • the mobile mechanism of the platform of the embodiment of the present invention is composed of four "all-round mobile tracks".
  • "All-round moving track” is a basic structure based on the moving mechanism of a tracked vehicle, and a certain number of cylindrical rollers with a fixed offset angle are evenly distributed thereon, and the roller can rotate freely around its own axis, and the offset angle range is (0°, 90°) or (-90°, 0°), usually ⁇ 45°.
  • the structure is shown in Fig. 6. The detailed structure and characteristics of the "omnidirectional moving track” will be described in detail later.
  • the main features of the mobile platform of the embodiment of the present invention are in addition to the above-mentioned "omnidirectional moving crawler” as the moving mechanism, and also the layout manner of the platform crawler set.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following FIG.
  • the longitudinally symmetric layout shown is similar to the four wheelset structure of a car.
  • the small rectangular frame in the figure represents a crawler belt, preferably an "omnidirectional moving crawler".
  • a series of diagonal lines in the frame indicates the axial direction of a series of grounding rollers on the track, that is, the offset direction, and the four broken lines indicate the axial direction of the driving wheel. Due to the special structure of "all-round moving crawler", the crawler on the platform needs to be installed in both positive and negative directions.
  • roller offset angles on the table typically ⁇ 45°.
  • the two omnidirectional moving tracks on a pair of angles have the same offset angle and are located on the other diagonal line perpendicular thereto.
  • the offset angle of the two omnidirectional moving tracks is opposite to the aforementioned offset angle.
  • the A and C tracks have the same offset angle
  • the B and D rollers have the opposite offset angle (for example, the A and C tracks have an offset angle of 45°, Bay ijB
  • the offset angle of the roller of the D number is -45°).
  • the control subsystem of the platform consists of a joystick, an integrated controller and four motor controllers.
  • the workflow of the control subsystem is as follows: First, the integrated controller converts the analog signal of the joystick into a digital signal by using the AD conversion module, and calculates the rotation speed and steering of each motor; then, the integrated controller drives each motor through the CAN bus. The speed and steering command are sent to the corresponding motor controller. Finally, the motor controller adjusts the speed and steering of each motor according to the received command, and also feeds back to the actual controller the actual speed of each motor at the current moment.
  • the drive subsystem of the platform consists of four sets of motors and reducers.
  • the motor is connected to the moving mechanism through the reducer, and receives the rotation speed and the steering command of the motor controller, thereby driving the moving mechanism to realize the omnidirectional motion.
  • eight sets of motors and reducers can also be used if necessary, and each track will be driven by two sets of motors and reducers simultaneously. .
  • the power subsystem supplies power to the control, drive, etc. of the platform, and usually uses the DC power source as the power source of the platform.
  • the power battery pack is used here.
  • the existing crawler vehicles have the advantages of smooth motion, strong road adaptability, etc.
  • the solution of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the basic structure of the existing crawler vehicle moving mechanism, and a new type of crawler mechanism developed through improved design. Move the track.
  • the all-round moving track not only maintains the advantages of smooth movement and strong road adaptability of the original crawler vehicle moving mechanism, but also has the function of realizing all-round motion.
  • a schematic diagram of the omnidirectional moving crawler structure of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the mechanism is mainly composed of a driving wheel 12, a track shoe 13, a roller 14, a load wheel 15, a tow pulley 16, and an inducer wheel 17.
  • the driving wheel 12 adopts a double-row ring gear structure, as shown in Fig. 5, and its function is that the gear ring is meshed with the track shoe 13 to convert the driving torque outputted by the motor into the pulling force of the track, thereby driving the entire crawler belt.
  • the number and size of the drive wheels can be determined according to the actual required track size.
  • the track shoes 13 are as shown in Fig. 9, and each of the track shoes can be divided into the following parts: a plate body 19, a guide tooth 20, an engagement shaft 21, a pin hole 22, and a roller holder 23.
  • the plate body 19 is used for supporting the road wheel 15 and the carrier pulley 16, which is equivalent to the main moving track of the moving track; the guiding tooth 20 plays a guiding role, ensuring that the road wheel 15 and the towing wheel 16 do not deviate from the plate body 19 track.
  • the meshing shaft 20 and the ring gear on the driving wheel 12 mesh with each other to realize power conversion.
  • a track plate Since the driving wheel 12 has a double ring gear structure, a track plate has a pair of meshing shafts; the pin hole 22 is used for a plurality of crawlers. The connection between the plates finally forms a complete track; the roller bracket 23 is located below the plate body for fixing the roller, and its axis 24 is at an angle with the axis of the driving wheel, and the range is (0°, 90°) Or (-90°, 0°), usually designed to ⁇ 45°.
  • the roller is a grounding portion of the crawler belt, and the omnidirectional motion is realized mainly by the interaction with the ground, and the outer contour is a cylinder.
  • the grounding portion of the omnidirectional moving track is a series of cylindrical rollers that are in line contact with the ground, which effectively increases the grounding area of the platform and increases as the length of the track increases.
  • the omnidirectional track rollers maintain a contact time after each grounding (this time depends on the length of the track and the drive wheel speed), which is likely to make the ground roller and the ground short.
  • the roller is mounted on the roller bracket and is freely rotatable about its own axis. Since the axis of the roller bracket forms a certain angle with the axis of the driving wheel, the roller has a certain offset angle, and the range is (0°, 90°). Or (-90°, 0°), usually ⁇ 45°.
  • the omnidirectional track is provided with a load wheel, and the load wheel is provided with a guiding groove which meshes with the guiding teeth on the track shoe so that the road wheel does not deviate from the plate body track of the track shoe.
  • the function of the load wheel is to support the body to roll on the track grounding section and distribute the gravity of the platform more evenly over the entire track grounding section.
  • a crawler belt has a plurality of load wheels, and the number of load wheels is increased, so that the pressure distribution on the track support surface is uniform, so that the passage of the mechanism on the ground with poor carrying capacity becomes better, and the ground is reduced. destruction level.
  • the selection, structure and size of the road wheel can be designed according to actual needs.
  • the omnidirectional moving crawler of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a towing pulley, and the towing pulley is similar in structure to the loading roller, but has a relatively small size. It supports the upper track section, which reduces the swing of the upper track section, thereby reducing the power loss at the hinge of the track shoe.
  • a crawler belt also has a plurality of towed wheels, and the specific number can be determined according to the length of the upper track section.
  • a preferred omnidirectional moving track of an embodiment of the invention further includes an inducer wheel.
  • the function of the inducer is to support the upper track section and change the direction of movement of the upper track section, which is similar to the structure of the towed wheel, but has a larger size.
  • the inducer wheel as shown in Fig. 4 although identical in structure to the drive wheel, does not have an active drive capability.
  • the driving force of the crawler is to be increased, the induction wheel can be directly converted into the driving wheel, and the entire crawler is driven by the two driving wheels, which can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the crawler type omnidirectional mobile platform of the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the existing mobile platform.
  • the smoothness of the track-type omni-directional mobile platform is greatly improved. Because its moving mechanism consists of four "all-round moving tracks", the grounding part of the "all-round moving track” is a series of cylindrical rollers, which are in line contact with the ground, which effectively increases the grounding area of the platform. And increases as the length of the track increases. In addition, during the movement, the omnidirectional track rollers maintain a contact time after each grounding (this time depends on the length of the track and the drive wheel speed), which is likely to make the ground roller and the ground short. Static balance Effectively slow down the bumps and improve the stability of the platform movement.
  • the tracked omni-directional mobile platform is better suited to random uneven roads. Because the number of grounding rollers of the entire platform is large, when moving on a random uneven road surface, although there are irregularities, grooves or undulations, etc., some of the rollers on the grounded track section may be suspended, but as long as there is at least one track on each track. When a roller is grounded, it is still possible to move in all directions. In addition, the grounding area of the platform is large, which can effectively overcome the vibration excitation brought by the uneven road surface to the platform, thereby reducing the degree of bumpiness. It can be seen that the crawler-type omni-directional mobile platform has strong adaptability to random uneven roads and is enhanced with the increase of the length of the track.
  • the crawler omni-directional platform adopts a rectangular layout scheme similar to the car wheel structure, and the "all-round moving track" has good passability.
  • each track can also be equipped with a dual motor for driving, so the platform passes through the steps and the grooves. The ability to wait for obstacles has been greatly improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Deflectable Wheels, Steering Of Trailers, Or Other Steering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)

Abstract

一种履带式全方位移动平台，其主要由移动机构、控制子系统、驱动子系统和电源子系统构成，所述移动机构由多个全方位移动履带构成，所述多个全方位移动履带以类似汽车的四轮轮组结构排布。所述全方位移动履带主要由主动轮（12）、履带板（13）、辊子（14）、负重轮（15）、拖带轮（16）以及诱导轮（17）构成。所述辊子（14）固定在每个履带板的辊子支架（23）上，其转动轴线与所述全方位移动履带的主动轮（12）的轴线设置成一定的夹角，形成所述辊子（14）的偏置角。

Description

履带式全方位移动平台
技术领域
本发明属于移动机械装置技术领域，具体涉及一种具有全方位运动特性的履 带式移动平台。
背景技术
近年来， 移动平台在各行业的应用逐渐深入和拓宽， 例如仓储运输、航空航 天、 军事安全和服务业等领域。 其按运动特性可以分为全方位和非全方位两种， 但现有的大多数移动平台都是非全方位的。与非全方位相比， 全方位移动平台在 空间坐标系 XYZ下， 具有在 XY平面上的三个运动自由度， 即沿 X轴、 Y轴的平动和 绕 z轴的转动。 它具有更加灵活的机动性能， 可以朝平面上的任意方向移动而不 需要改变平台的姿态，也可实现以任意一点为中心、任意半径的转向运动。因此， 全方位移动平台在狭小和拥挤的空间工作时， 能够灵活自如地行进， 还可对自身 的位置和姿态进行细微调整， 非常适用于需要精确定位和高精度轨迹跟踪的场 合。
移动机构是移动平台运动的基础， 通常可分为轮式、 履带式和腿足式， 此外 还有适用于特定场合的步进式、蠕动式和蛇形式。 目前， 绝大多数的全方位移动 平台都采用轮式机构， 主要有： 麦克纳姆轮 （Mecanum wheel ) 、 连续切换轮
(Alternate wheel ) 、 正交轮 (Orthogonal wheel ) 、 球轮 (ball wheel ) 禾口 Rover轮等。 轮式全方位移动平台在工程上已得到了广泛的应用。
履带式全方位移动平台的发展则相对滞后，直到上世纪 90年代初才出现了相 关的研究成果。 由于现有的履带式全方位移动机构还不够完善、 种类也较少， 使 得履带式全方位移动平台迄今未在工程上得到应用， 仍停留在试验平台阶段。
Mecanum轮是一种典型的轮式全方位移动机构， 如图 1所示， 它主要由轮毂 1 和固定在轮毂上的一系列均勾分布的鼓形辊子 3组成，辊子的外廓包络线 2与轮子 的理论圆周线相重合， 辊子可以绕其轴线自由旋转， 辊子轴线和轮毂轴线的夹角 为辊子的偏置角， 通常为 ± 45°。
Mecanum轮式全方位移动平台是目前应用最广泛的一种全方位移动平台， 它 为了实现全方位运动需要三个或三个以上的 Mecanum轮， 通常采用四个 Mecanum 轮。 对于四轮结构， 为使平台运行平稳， 支撑结构稳定， 一般合理的轮组布局结 构形式为纵向对称布局， 类似小型汽车的轮组结构形式。但由于 Mecanum轮的结 构特殊， 在实际应用中， 为使制造经济合理， 一般四个轮结构参数取相同值， 在 安装时采取正反向两种安装方式， 因此平台上轮的辊子偏置角只有 ± 两种（通 常取为 ±45° )。通过对平台运动学的解析，得到最优的轮组布局方案如图 2所示， 图中的四个矩形框表示四个轮子， 方框中斜线表示各轮接地辊子的轴线方向， 即 偏置方向。
由于 Mecanum轮与地面之间为点接触，这就造成整个平台与地面只有 4个点接 触， 接地面积非常小。 并且 Mecanum轮是一种刚性轮， 所以平台在运动过程中容 易产生颠簸， 在高速情况下尤为明显。 Mecanum轮式全方位移动平台的理想工作 条件是平坦路面。它在不平路面上难以保证全方位运动的精度和稳定性。 因为整 个平台与地面之间只有 4个点接触， 而不平路面上有凹凸和起伏等， 所以容易出 现某个轮或某几个轮不触地的情况， 这样将导致平台无法完成全方位运动。
"VUTON" Crawler是由日本的 Shigeo Hirose教授发明履带式移动机构， 他 的发明灵感来源于某全方位轮。 Hirose教授想通过一连串的自由辊子代替了原有 的全方位轮， 从而将其演变成一种履带式全方位移动机构。 如图 3所示， 它的结 构主要是由一对链条 4、 5和若干个圆柱形的自由辊子 7构成， 两条链条之间保持 固定的间距， 它们之间用矩形框 6连接， 自由辊子则固定在矩形框上， 它们可绕 自身轴线转动， 但保持始终水平姿态。 这种机构的特点是结构平坦、 紧凑； 相比 原有的全方位轮， 接地面积增大， 载重能力也增强； 同时由于与地面之间不发生 滑移现象且接地面积较大， 所以对地面的破坏程度较小。 "VUT0N "移动履带 ( crawler ) 的实物结构主要由主动轮轴、 内侧链条、 外侧链条、 调速带、 矩形 框、 框支架、 辊子及张紧装置构成， 其中辊子轴线与主动轮轴线的夹角为 90° ， 即辊子的偏置角为 90° 。 "VUTON"移动履带中的部分结构设计， 例如采用 90° 偏置角辊子和矩形框等， 导致其通过具有台阶、 槽沟等障碍的路面的能力较差， 从而降低了其通过性。
对于采用 "VUT0N "移动履带的移动平台而言， 一个全方位移动平台至少需 要四条该履带机构。 对于四履带结构， 通过其的运动解析可知， 平台只能采用如 图 4所示的四履带环绕对称布局方案，而不能釆用类似小型汽车的轮组布局方案。 图中矩形框代表一条履带，框中一系列的短实线则表示履带上一系列接地辊子的 轴线， 细虚线表示主动轮轴线。 平台上的每条履带由电机独立驱动， 通过控制每 条履带转速的大小和方向， 就可得到不同的运动组合， 从而实现平台的全方位移 动。 "VUTON " Crawler自身的结构以及平台的履带组布局方案， 决定了该平台通 过台阶、 沟槽等障碍的能力差。
发明内容
为了解决现有的 Mecamim轮式全方位移动平台运动颠簸、 路面适应能力差， 以及为了解决 "VUT0N "移动履带式全方位移动平台越障能力差的问题，本发明 实施例提供了一种履带式全方位移动平台， 其主要由移动机构、控制子系统、 驱 动子系统和电源子系统构成， 所述移动机构由多个全方位移动履带构成， 所述多 个全方位移动履带以类似汽车的四轮轮组纵向对称结构排布。
所述全方位移动履带主要由主动轮 （12)、 履带板 （13)、 辊子 （14 )、 负重 轮 （15 )、 拖带轮 （16 ) 以及诱导轮 （17 ) 构成。 所述全方位移动履带由多个履 带板 （13 ) 拼接而成， 所述辊子 （14 ) 固定在每个履带板的辊子支架 （23 ) 上， 其转动轴线与所述全方位移动履带的主动轮（12)的轴线设置成一定的夹角， 形 成所述辊子 （14) 的偏置角。
另外， 在由所述多个全方位移动履带构成的四轮轮组纵向对称结构中， 处于 一对角线上的两个全方位移动履带的偏置角相同，位于另一与之垂直的对角线上 的两个全方位移动履带的偏置角与前述偏置角相反。
所述履带板由板体 （19)、 导向齿 （20)、 啮合轴 （21)、 销孔 （22)、 以及辊 子支架 （23)构成， 其中所述啮合轴 （21) 与所述主动轮（12)上的齿圈相互啮 合以实现动力的转换，所述销孔（22)用于将多个履带板拼接成一条完整的履带。
所述履带板的辊子支架（23)的轴线与所述主动轮（12)轴线成一固定夹角， 以使所述履带板（ 13)上的多个辊子（ 14)形成统一的固定偏置角。所述辊子（ 14) 的偏置角范围在 （0° ， 90° ) 或 （-90° ， 0° ) 之间。 优选所述辊子 （14) 的 偏置角为 ±45°。
进一步， 所述控制子系统由操纵杆， 电机控制器， 以及用于计算电机转速及 转向并将电机转速及转向指令发送到对应电机控制器的综合控制器构成。所述驱 动子系统由电机和减速器组成， 所述电机通过减速器与移动机构相连， 并接收所 述电机控制器的转速及转向指令以驱动所述移动机构。
本发明实施例的履带式全方位移动平台与前述现有技术的移动平台相比，具 有如下优点： （1)提高了全方位移动平台运动的平稳性； （2)增强了全方位移 动平台的路面适应能力； （3) 提升了全方位移动平台的越障能力。
附图说明
图 1: 现有技术中麦克纳姆 （Mecamim) 轮轴向投影图；
图 2: 现有技术中使用麦克纳姆（Mecanum)轮轴的移动平台最优轮组布局方 案；
图 3: 现有技术中 "VUT0N"移动履带的结构原理图； 图 4: 现有技术中使用 "VUT0N"移动履带的移动平台四履带环绕对称布局 方案；
图 5: 本发明实施例的履带式全方位移动平台总体结构示意图；
图 6: 本发明实施例的全方位移动履带结构示意图；
图 7: 本发明实施例的履带式全方位移动平台的履带组纵向对称布局图； 图 8: 本发明实施例的全方位移动履带的主动轮结构示意图；
图 9: 本发明实施例的全方位移动履带的履带板结构示意图。
具体实施方式
图 5为本发明实施例履带式全方位移动平台的总体结构示意图。 如图 5所示， 本发明实施例的履带式全方位移动平台， 是一种电传动控制平台。它主要由移动 机构、 控制子系统、 驱动子系统和电源子系统等组成的。 其中， 移动机构是平台 的基础， 控制子系统是平台的核心。
对于移动机构而言， 本发明实施例平台的移动机构是由四条"全方位移动履 带"组成。 "全方位移动履带"是基于履带车辆的移动机构的基本结构， 并在其 上均匀分布了一定数量的具有固定偏置角的圆柱形辊子，辊子可绕自身轴线自由 旋转， 偏置角范围为 （0° ， 90° ) 或（-90° ， 0° ) ， 通常为 ± 45°。 其结构示 意图如图 6所示， "全方位移动履带" 的详细结构和特性， 将在后文中作详细说 明。
本发明实施例的移动平台其主要特点除采用上述 "全方位移动履带"作为移 动机构外， 还在于其平台履带组的布局方式， 如图 7所示， 本发明实施例采用了 如图 7所示的纵向对称布局， 它类似于小汽车的四轮轮组结构。 图中小矩形框代 表履带， 优选是 "全方位移动履带"， 框中一连串的斜线则表示履带上一连串接 地辊子的轴线方向， 即偏置方向， 四条虚线则表示主动轮的轴线方向。 由于"全 方位移动履带"的特殊结构， 平台上的履带需要采取正反两种安装方式， 所以平 台上的辊子偏置角有两种， 通常为 ± 45°。 在由所述多个全方位移动履带构成的 四轮轮组结构中， 处于一对角线上的两个全方位移动履带的偏置角相同， 位于另 一与之垂直的对角线上的两个全方位移动履带的偏置角与前述偏置角相反。 例 如， 图 7中 A和 C号履带的辊子偏置角相同， 而 B和 D号的辊子偏置角则刚好与之相 反 （如 A和 C号履带的辊子偏置角为 45°， 贝 ijB和 D号的辊子偏置角则为 - 45° ) 。
对于移动平台的控制子系统而言， 平台的控制子系统由操纵杆、综合控制器 及四个电机控制器组成。 控制子系统的工作流程如下： 首先综合控制器利用 AD 转换模块将操纵杆的模拟信号转换为数字信号， 并计算出每个电机的转速及转 向； 接着， 综合控制器通过 CAN总线将每个电机的转速及转向指令发送对应的电 机控制器； 最后， 电机控制器根据接收的指令调节每个电机的转速及转向， 同时 也会反馈给综合控制器每个电机当前时刻的实际转速。
对于移动平台的驱动子系统而言，平台的驱动子系统由四组电机和减速器组 成。 电机通过减速器与移动机构相连， 接收电机控制器的转速及转向指令， 从而 驱动移动机构实现全方位运动。 另外， 由于 "全方位移动履带"上的诱导轮也可 作为主动轮， 所以在需要的情况下， 也可釆用八组电机和减速器， 则每条履带将 由两组电机和减速器同时驱动。
对于移动平台的电源子系统而言， 其电源子系统为平台的控制、驱动等提供 电源， 通常采用直流电源作为平台的动力电源。 这里选用动力电池组。
下面将详细描述本发明实施例移动平台所采用的 "全方位移动履带"的具体 结构及其特点。
众所周知， 现有履带车辆具有运动平稳、 路面适应能力强等优点， 本发明实 施例方案正是基于现有履带车辆移动机构的基本结构，通过改进设计而研制的一 种新型履带机构——全方位移动履带。全方位移动履带既保持了原有履带车辆移 动机构运动平稳、 路面适应能力强的优点， 又具备了实现全方位运动的功能。 本发明实施例的全方位移动履带结构示意图如图 6所示， 该机构主要由主动 轮 12、 履带板 13、 辊子 14、 负重轮 15、 拖带轮 16和诱导轮 17等六部分组成。
其中主动轮 12采用双排齿圈结构， 如图 5所示， 其功用是， 通过齿圈与履带 板 13啮合， 将电机输出的驱动扭矩转换成履带的拉力， 从而带动整个履带运动。 主动轮的齿数及尺寸可根据实际需要的履带尺寸来确定。
在履带和主动轮的设计中， 已经确定了履带板的宽度、 节距、 啮合方式以及 啮合轴的直径。所述履带板 13如图 9所示， 所述每个履带板可分为以下几个部分: 板体 19、 导向齿 20、 啮合轴 21、 销孔 22及辊子支架 23。 其中板体 19用于支撑负重 轮 15和托带轮 16， 相当于移动履带的主要运动的轨道； 导向齿 20则起到了导向作 用， 保证了负重轮 15及拖带轮 16不偏离板体 19轨道； 啮合轴 20与主动轮 12上的齿 圈相互啮合， 实现了动力的转换， 由于主动轮 12是双齿圈结构， 所以一个履带板 上具有一对啮合轴； 销孔 22用于多个履带板之间的连接， 最后组成一条完整的履 带； 辊子支架 23位于板体下方， 用于固定辊子， 它的轴线 24与主动轮轴线成一定 的夹角， 其范围为 （0° ， 90° ) 或 （-90° ， 0° ) ， 通常设计为 ± 45°。
本发明实施例所述辊子是履带的接地部分，主要通过它与地面的相互作用来 实现全方位运动， 其外轮廓为一个圆柱体。 其相比前述现有技术中的 Mecanum轮 式全方位移动平台， 全方位移动履带运动的平稳性大大提升。全方位移动履带的 接地部分为一连串的圆柱形辊子， 它们与地面之间是线接触， 这有效地增加了平 台的接地面积， 且随着履带长度的增加而增大。 另外， 在运动过程中， 全方位履 带的辊子在每次接地后，保持一段的接触时间（这段时间取决了履带的长度及主 动轮转速） ， 这样很可能使接地辊子与地面之间达到短暂的静平衡， 从而有效减 缓颠簸程度， 提高了平台运动的平稳性。所述辊子安装于辊子支架上， 可绕自身 轴线自由转动， 由于辊子支架的轴线与主动轮轴线成一定的夹角， 所以辊子具有 一定的偏置角， 其范围为 （0° ， 90° ) 或 （-90° ， 0° ) ， 通常为 ± 45°。 另外， 本发明实施例全方位履带设置有负重轮， 负重轮上设置有导向槽， 其 与履带板上的导向齿啮合以使负重轮不偏离履带板的板体轨道。 负重轮的功用 是， 支撑车体在履带接地段上滚动， 并将平台的重力较均匀地分配在整个履带接 地段上。 通常， 一条履带上具有多个负重轮， 增加负重轮的数量， 可以使履带支 撑面上的压力分布均匀， 使该机构在承载能力差的地面上的通过性变好， 减小了 对地面的破坏程度。 负重轮的选材、 结构及尺寸可根据实际需求进行设计。
另外， 本发明实施例的全方位移动履带还包括拖带轮， 拖带轮与负重轮结构 相似， 但尺寸相对较小。 它对上支履带段起到支撑作用， 这样可以减小上支履带 段的摆动， 从而减小履带板铰接处的功率损失。一般一条履带上也具有多个拖带 轮， 具体数量可根据上支履带段的长度来确定。
优选的本发明实施例的全方位移动履带还包括诱导轮。通常， 诱导轮的功用 是用来支撑上支履带段和改变上支履带段的运动方向， 它与拖带轮的结构相似， 但尺寸较大。 然而， 如图 4中所示的诱导轮虽然与主动轮结构相同， 但其不具有 主动驱动能力。 然而， 如果想增大履带的驱动力时， 可将该诱导轮直接地变换为 主动轮， 则整条履带由两个主动轮驱动， 这可根据实际需求来确定。
本发明实施例的履带式全方位移动平台与现有移动平台相比， 具有如下优 占.
( 1 ) 提高了全方位移动平台运动的平稳性。
相比 Mecarmm轮式全方位移动平台， 履带式全方位移动平台运动的平稳性大 大提升。 因为它的移动机构由四条 "全方位移动履带"组成， 而 "全方位移动履 带"的接地部分为一连串的圆柱形辊子， 它们与地面之间是线接触， 这有效地增 加了平台的接地面积， 且随着履带长度的增加而增大。 另外， 在运动过程中， 全 方位履带的辊子在每次接地后， 保持一段的接触时间（这段时间取决了履带的长 度及主动轮转速） ， 这样很可能使接地辊子与地面之间达到短暂的静平衡， 从而 有效减缓颠簸程度， 提高了平台运动的平稳性。
( 2 ) 增强了全方位移动平台的路面适应能力。
相比 Mecanum轮式全方位移动平台， 履带式全方位移动平台能够更好地适应 随机不平路面。 因为整个平台接地辊子的数目较多， 在随机不平路面上运动时， 尽管存在凹凸、沟槽或者起伏等， 会造成接地履带段上的部分辊子出现悬空的情 况，但只要每条履带上至少有一个辊子保持接地，就仍可实现全方位运动。另外， 平台的接地面积大， 能有效克服不平路面给平台带来的振动激励， 从而减缓颠簸 程度。 可见， 履带式全方位移动平台对随机不平路面的适应能力较强， 且随履带 长度的增加而增强。
( 3 ) 提升了全方位移动平台的越障能力。
履带式全方位平台采用了类似小汽车轮组结构的矩形布局方案， 且 "全方位 移动履带"具有良好的通过性， 另外每条履带还可配置双电机进行驱动， 因此平 台通过台阶、 槽沟等障碍的能力得到了很大的提升。
虽然本发明已经参照多个实施例进行了描述， 但本发明并不限于上述实施 例，应当理解本领域技术人员能够对上述实施例中涉及的部件进行适当的组合形 成新的实施例，在不脱离本发明原理的基础上进行的各种明显的修改和变化都应 落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利 要 求 书
1、 一种履带式全方位移动平台， 其主要由移动机构、 控制子系统、 驱动子 系统和电源子系统构成，所述移动机构由多个全方位移动履带构成，所述多个全 方位移动履带以类似汽车的四轮轮组纵向对称结构排布。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 其中， 所述全方位移动履 带主要由主动轮 （12)、 履带板 （13)、 辊子 （14)、 负重轮 （15)、 拖带轮 （16) 以及诱导轮 （17) 构成。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 其中， 所述全方位移动履 带由多个履带板（13)拼接而成， 所述辊子（14) 固定在所述每个履带板的辊子 支架（23)上， 其转动轴线与所述全方位移动履带的主动轮（12) 的轴线设置成 一定的夹角， 形成所述辊子 （14) 的偏置角。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 在由所述多个全方位移动 履带构成的四轮轮组纵向对称结构中，处于一对角线上的两个全方位移动履带的 偏置角相同，位于另一与之垂直的对角线上的两个全方位移动履带的偏置角与前 述偏置角相反。
5、 如权利要求 3所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 其中， 所述履带板由板体 (19)、 导向齿 （20)、 啮合轴 （21)、 销孔 （22)、 以及辊子支架 （23) 构成， 所 述啮合轴（21) 与所述主动轮（12)上的齿圈相互啮合以实现动力的转换， 所述 销孔 （22) 用于将多个履带板拼接成一条完整的履带。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 其中， 所述履带板的辊子 支架（23) 的轴线与所述主动轮（12)轴线成一固定夹角， 以使每条履带上的所 述辊子 （14) 形成统一的固定偏置角。
7、 如权利要求 3至 6之一所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 其中， 所述辊子 (14) 的偏置角范围在 （0° ， 90° ) 或 （-90° ， 0° ) 之间。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 其中， 所述辊子 （14) 的 偏置角为 ±45。。
9、 如权利要求 3至 6之一所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 其中， 所述控制 子系统由操纵杆， 电机控制器， 以及用于计算电机转速及转向并将电机转速及转 向指令发送到对应电机控制器的综合控制器构成。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的履带式全方位移动平台， 其中， 所述驱动子系统由 电机和减速器组成，所述电机通过减速器与移动机构相连， 并接收所述电机控制 器的转速及转向指令以驱动所述移动机构。
PCT/CN2012/001755 2012-09-19 2012-12-28 履带式全方位移动平台 WO2014043841A1 (zh)

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