WO2014040242A1 - 3-氯-及3-甲氧基-n-甲基-2-吡啶酰胺化合物及其作为抗癌药物的应用 - Google Patents

3-氯-及3-甲氧基-n-甲基-2-吡啶酰胺化合物及其作为抗癌药物的应用 Download PDF

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WO2014040242A1
WO2014040242A1 PCT/CN2012/081293 CN2012081293W WO2014040242A1 WO 2014040242 A1 WO2014040242 A1 WO 2014040242A1 CN 2012081293 W CN2012081293 W CN 2012081293W WO 2014040242 A1 WO2014040242 A1 WO 2014040242A1
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acid
cancer
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chloro
phenyl
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French (fr)
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张世喜
宋述强
谭玉婷
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湖南有色凯铂生物药业有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81Amides; Imides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to 3-chloro- and 3-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridine amide compounds useful as kinase inhibitors such as VEGFR-2, and their use in the preparation of a disease mediated by a kinase such as VEGFR-2. Use of the drug.
  • protein kinases regulate and amplify information by controlling phosphorylation of upstream proteins, downstream proteins, and themselves, controlling cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is known that Raf/MEK/ERK is a signaling pathway in all eukaryotic cells, which transmits signals from the extracellular to the nucleus through specific cascade phosphorylation of Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK, about 30%. Tumor cells have an upregulation of this pathway.
  • the signal begins with the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the cell membrane, and the phosphorylation site of EGFR at the SH2 site and the adaptor protein GRB2 (growth factor) Receptor-bound protein 2) Binding, recruiting the guanylate exchange factor SOS protein and Ras bind to the adjacent inner cell membrane, GTP replaces the Ras-bound GDP and intensifies Ras, which is one of the key signal transduction centers. Multiple upstream and downstream signal transductions.
  • the intensified Ras binds to the cell pad/threonine kinase Raf, Raf rephosphorylates MAPK kinase (MAPKK, also known as MEK), and MEK activates ERKl/2 (extracel lular signal regulated kinase, ERK). After activation, ERK enters the nucleus and directly activates transcription factors to initiate biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Once this pathway is overactivated, accelerated cell proliferation and prolonged cell survival can lead to tumor formation and progression (Kolch W. Biochem J, 2000, 351: 289-305; Gi shi zky ML. Annu. Rep. Med Chem. 1995, 30: 247-253).
  • the signaling proteins in the signaling pathway cascade may be activated or inhibited by different upstream proteins to form an extremely complex network regulatory structure.
  • Raf and ERK on the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway can also exert their signal transduction regulation in a Ras-independent manner; Ras activity can also be increased by a decrease in GTP hydrolysis caused by mutation of the tumor suppressor gene NF1. .
  • epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR
  • PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
  • mTOR animal rapamycin target protein
  • S6 kinase and 4EBP1 are phosphorylated by mTOR to initiate ribosomal protein synthesis (Hay N, Sonenberg N) (2004) . Genes Dev 18 (16): 1926 _ 45 ).
  • the protein kinase gene co-expresses more than 518 protein kinases, of which the receptor kinase has 20 subfamilies of 58 types, and the cell paddle kinase has 10 subfamilies of 32 types; among the more than 50 known oncogenes, most of them are protein kinases. Gene (Manning et al. Sicence, 2002, 298, 1912).
  • Cancer genes are usually in a state of inhibition, but when they are mutated or abnormally activated, such as chemical poisons, long-term ultraviolet light, or radioactive substances, oncogenes overexpress kinases, or express persistently activated kinases, resulting in Cancer cells are produced out of control by important factors such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis (Croce CM. N Engl J Med. 2008, 358 (5): 502 - 11 ).
  • Raf kinase on the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is overexpressed in many cancer cells, and more than 60% of human malignant melanoma, 12% of colorectal cancer, and 14% of ovarian cancers have found B-raf activating mutations. This mutation is also present in tumors of the thyroid and lungs; on the other hand, there is abnormally high C-raf activity in 50% of kidney cancers and almost 100% of liver cancer cells, although C-raf does not undergo mutation. (Brose, MS et al. Cancer Res. 2000, 63: 6997-7000; Davies, H. Nature, 2002, 417: 949-954; Yuen, ST et al. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 6451-6455).
  • B_raf mutant kinase B-raf-V600E which is 500 times more active than wild-type kinase, can form a heterologous protein with C_raf Dimer, continuous activation of downstream ERK and protein kinase mTOR (Sridhar SS, Hedley D, Siu LL. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2005, 4 (4): 677-85).
  • C_raf Dimer continuous activation of downstream ERK and protein kinase mTOR
  • Sorafenib developed by Bayer, was the first RAF kinase inhibitor approved in 2005 to treat advanced kidney cancer. In 2007, it was approved as a treatment for metastatic liver cancer. Further research has led Bayer's scientists to believe that sorafenib actually antagonizes multiple kinases, inhibiting cancer cell growth by simultaneously antagonizing RAF kinase and several angiogenic growth factor receptors (eg, VEGFR, PDGFR, etc.) And transfer (Keating GM, Santoro A. Drugs 2009, 69 (2): 223-240). Renal cancer and liver cancer are highly metastatic cancers.
  • the main pathological type of renal cancer is clear cel l carcinoma, and its pathogenesis is related to mutation of VHL tumor suppressor gene.
  • VHL gene that has abnormal activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-la (HIF-la) even under normal non-hypoxic physiological conditions; HIF -loc re-stimulates the expression and synthesis of VEGF and PDGF- ⁇ and other cell growth factors, and participates in neovascularization of tumor tissues.
  • HIF-loc hypoxia-inducible factor-la
  • VEGF and PDGF- ⁇ and other cell growth factors and participates in neovascularization of tumor tissues.
  • most kidney cancers have EGFR expression, and the degree of expression is related to prognosis.
  • HIF-lodl over-activated TGF_oc produces autocrine effect and binds to EGFR, thereby promoting cell proliferation and survival. Regardless of the combination of growth factors and their receptors, it is usually required to function through the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway (Gunaratnam L, et al. J Biol Chem. 2003, 278: 44966-44974).
  • angiostatin can inhibit the growth of tumors in mice. He believes that tumor cells must be nutrients and oxygen to help them grow and spread with the help of new tumor blood vessels after their own division and reproduction (1-2 cubic millimeters) (Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Science 1987, 235 (4787) ): 442 - 7).
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • VEGFR receptor
  • Proteolytic enzymes and matrix metalloproteinases degrade the surrounding matrix, and the cells move forward, grow, form a ducted vascular ring and a new basement membrane, eventually forming new blood vessels.
  • MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • FGF fibroblast growth factor
  • this new tumor blood vessel tends to be irregular in structure, imperfect vascular matrix, and high permeability. Therefore, tumor cells can penetrate into the blood, spread and attach to other parts of the body to grow and proliferate to form metastasis (metastasis). . Clinical studies have shown that inhibition of this process can effectively prevent tumor growth and metastasis and prolong patient life (Folkman J. Scientific American 1996, 275 (3): 150 - 4).
  • VEGFR-1 VEGFR-2
  • PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
  • FGF fibroblast growth factor
  • FGFR1-4 the structurally similar VEGFR-3 (Flt_4) receptor is mainly involved in the formation of lymphangiogenesis, the process of cancer metastasis through the lymphatic system. It plays an important role in these receptors as a point of resistance against substantial tumor growth and transfusion (Steven A. Stacker. Lymphangiogenesis in Cancer Metastasis, Springer. 2009 pp. 27 _ ).
  • imatinib tyrosine kinase small molecule inhibitor imatinib
  • CML chronic myeloid leukemia
  • imatinib demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer, while imatinib showed lower drug toxicity relative to chemotherapy, improving patient life quality.
  • imatinib inhibits cell growth and division by antagonizing over-expressed bcr-abl kinase in leukemia cancer cells; it also antagonizes c-kit kinase activity and clinically displays its gastrointestinal tract
  • the efficacy of stromal cell tumors has been approved as a therapeutic drug for gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb and Novartis developed two other treatments for chronic bone marrow cancer, Dasatinib and Nilotinib, in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and both. Patients who are fighting imatinib also have good results.
  • Gefitinib developed by AstraZeneca in the UK, was approved for marketing in Japan in August 2002.
  • Gefitinib a first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, is particularly effective in smoking non-small cell lung cancer in Asian countries.
  • Genentech and 0SI Pharmaceutical jointly developed erlotinib, which is more widely used as a first-line treatment, maintenance therapy and sequential in non-small cell lung cancer in seven or eighty countries around the world. Therapeutic drugs.
  • Both gefitinib and erlotinib are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors that antagonize the binding of EGFR receptors to epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the cell surface transmembrane and inhibit EGFR-transduced Raf/MEK/ Signal channels such as ERK (Raymond E, Faivre S, Armand J. Drugs 2000, 60 Suppl 1 : 15-23; discussion 41 - 2 ).
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • ERK Raymond E, Faivre S, Armand J. Drugs 2000, 60 Suppl 1 : 15-23; discussion 41 - 2 .
  • erlotinib is also effective in inhibiting the growth of pancreatic tumor cells and is the first FDA-approved targeted drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
  • Sunitinib As a small molecule inhibitor of tyrosine kinase for the treatment of renal cancer (RCC), sunitinib delays the growth and metastasis of cancer cells by antagonizing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VGEFR) and inhibiting the formation of neovascularization in cancer cells. Sunitinib also inhibits the activity of c-kit kinase and is approved for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors of imatinib.
  • VGEFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
  • Sorafenib developed by Bayer, simultaneously antagonizes RAF kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VGEFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor
  • liver cancer Multiple pathways such as (PDGFR- ⁇ ) fight cancer growth and metastasis, and are approved by the FDA as treatments for advanced renal cancer and metastatic liver cancer.
  • PDGFR- ⁇ blood pressure regulation
  • sorafenib in metastatic liver cancer is a major breakthrough in the field of liver cancer treatment.
  • Liver cancer is recognized as one of the most difficult to treat, one of the most metastatic cancers.
  • the mammalian target of rapamycin is a multifunctional silk/threonine kinase in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is directly related to the growth, division, survival and metastasis of cancer cells ( Rubio-Viqueira , B, Hidalgo M. Curr. Opin. Invest ig. Drugs 2006, 7 : 501 - 512 ).
  • the role of mTOR kinase in renal cell metastasis is particularly pronounced.
  • Uncontrolled mTOR causes an increase in intracellular HIF-loc concentration, and HIF_loc induces VGEF synthesis and promotes Cancer cell angiogenesis; on the other hand, many renal cancer cells also increase the concentration of HIF-loc due to mutation or loss of VHL tumor suppressor gene (Thomas GV. et al. Nature Medicine 2006 , 12 : 122 - 127).
  • the first clinical mTOR inhibitor was the rapamycin derivative temasirol imus developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals of the United States. In 2007, it was approved by the FDA as a therapeutic drug for kidney cancer.
  • Lapatinib is a dual inhibitor of small molecule tyrosine kinase that inhibits both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 (HER-2/neu) receptors, with approximately 30% of breast cancers. The patient develops an excess of HER-2/neu receptor due to the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene.
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • HER-2/neu ErbB2
  • lapatinib was approved by the FDA as a combination therapy for breast cancer, and in 2010 it was approved as a first-line drug for ER+/EGFR+/HER2+ triple-positive breast cancer patients (Wood ER et al. Cancer research 2004, 64 (18) : 6652 - 9 ).
  • Preferred multiple kinase inhibitors may be more conducive to the treatment of complex, diverse forms of cancer, and may be versatile.
  • macromolecular monoclonal antibodies are usually specific inhibitors targeting only a single target in the cell signaling pathway, and several clinical examples have demonstrated the efficacy of specific monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of cancer.
  • trastuzumab was approved by the US FDA for breast cancer treatment for breast cancer patients overexpressing HER-2/neu (Hudis, CA. N Engl J Med. 2007, 357 (1 ): 39 - 51 )
  • Bevacizumab specifically binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF), inhibits the formation of cancerous blood vessels, and promotes the penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs into cancer tissues (Los M et al. The Oncologist 2007, 12 (4) : 443 - 50). Subsequently, panitumumab and cetuximab were also approved for metastatic colorectal cancer. Unlike bevacizumab, panitumumab and cetuximab inhibit the growth and division of cancer cells by binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • Cetuximab (IgGl) and panitumumab (IgG2) belong to different subtypes of immunoglobulins, and they have subtle differences in anticancer mechanism.
  • the West produced by Squibb Topoxib can also treat head and neck cancer.
  • the above clinical examples fully demonstrate the feasibility of using kinase inhibitors to antagonize the uncontrolled signaling pathways of cancer cells to treat different cancers.
  • cancer is one of the most complicated diseases.
  • Various organs of the body may form cancers with different structures and structures through various mechanisms. Many cancers are caused by simultaneous mutation of multiple genes, and similar cancers can also be formed by different cancerous causes. Wait.
  • VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
  • Tumor blood vessels are highly sensitive to VEGF.
  • VEGF mRNA concentration is significantly higher than normal cells.
  • These tumors include lung cancer (Mattern et al Br. J Cancer 1996, 73, 93, 1), thyroid cancer (Vigl ietto et al. Oncogene 1995, 11, 1569), breast cancer (Brown et al. Human Pathol. 1995, 26, 86), gastrointestinal cancer ( Brown et al. Cancer Res. 1993, 53, 4727; Suzuki et al. Cancer Res. 1996, 56, 3004), Kidney and Bladder Cancer (Brown et al. Am. JPalhol.
  • angiogenesis inhibitors such as VEGFR-2 and PDGFR- ⁇ inhibitors
  • Anticancer drugs have become a hot area and have yielded new, promising clinical trial results.
  • W0-2004007458 discloses a group of 2 amidamine nicotinamide derivatives as VEGFR, PDGFR and Kit inhibitors for the treatment of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in clinical phase III trials, other indications including parenchymal cancer, gastrointestinal Cancer, colorectal cancer, endocrine cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer.
  • W0-2004113304 discloses a group of carbazole, benzisoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives as CSFR-K PDGFR, Flt3, Kit, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 inhibitors in clinical phase III trials
  • CSFR-K PDGFR Flt3, Kit
  • VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 inhibitors in clinical phase III trials
  • other indications include kidney cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
  • W0-2000043366 discloses a group of quinoline-urea derivatives as Kit, PDGFR receptor, VEGFR-K VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 inhibitor, for the treatment of renal cancer in a clinical phase III trial, and other clinical trials including Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and liver cancer.
  • W0-200102369 discloses a group of carbazole derivatives as CSFR-1, PDGF, VEGF_1, VEGF-2 and VEGF-3 inhibitors for the treatment of renal cancer in a clinical phase III trial, and phase II clinical trials including mesothelioma , angiosarcoma, adrenal cortical adenocarcinoma and liver cancer.
  • W0-200232872 discloses a new class of quinoline-urea derivatives as VEGFR_2, VEGFR-3, FGFR 1-4 and RET inhibitors for the treatment of thyroid cancer in a clinical phase III trial, and phase II clinical trials including liver cancer. Endometrial cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer and glioma.
  • W0-2003082272 discloses a group of arylamine benzimidazoles as Raf, VEGFR-2, PDGFR- ⁇ and Kit inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma.
  • Chinese patents CN101475513A, CN101260106A and CN101735215A also disclose the use of three raf kinase inhibitor bisaryl urea compounds for the treatment of cancer.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a method of treating a patient, which comprises administering to a patient an inhibitory amount of a compound of the formula (I), such as VEGFR-2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable compound thereof Accepted salt.
  • the present invention relates to a 3-chloro- and 3-methoxy-N-methyl group which inhibits a kinase such as VEGFR-2.
  • A is selected from chlorine or methoxy
  • the substituent is selected from the group consisting of amino, halogen, C1-C6 fluorenyl, hydroxy, C1-C6 decyloxy, nitro, cyano, fluorenyl, C1-C6 thiol, halogen-C1-C6 thiol, hetero Cyclo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl fluorenyl, heteroaryl C1-C6 fluorenyl, C1-C6 decanoyl or carbamoyl.
  • the compound described by the formula (I) may include a compound represented by the following formula:
  • Ri and further each selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted, fluorenyl, cyclodecyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic;
  • Ri and further respectively selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted lower fluorenyl, lower decyloxy, lower cyclodecyl, C6-C20 aryl, C6-C20 heteroaryl or C6-C20 Ring base
  • Ri and further respectively selected from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 straight chain, C1-C6 branched fluorenyl, C3-C7 cyclodecyl, C6-C10 aryl, C6-C10 An aryl group or a C6-C10 heterocyclic group containing one or more selected N, S, 0 atoms;
  • fluorine chlorine, methyl, ethyl, cyano, hydroxy, tert-butyl a group, a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl group, a phenyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrrolyl group or a piperazinyl group;
  • Ri may also preferably be cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or trifluoromethoxy.
  • the halogen is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine or iodine.
  • the substituent is selected from the group consisting of amino, halogen, C1-C6 fluorenyl, hydroxy, C1-C6 decyloxy, nitro, cyano, fluorenyl, C1-C6 thiol, halogen-C1-C6 thiol, hetero Cyclo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl fluorenyl, heteroaryl C1-C6 fluorenyl, C1-C6 decanoyl or carbamoyl.
  • the C1-C6 mercapto substituent may be unsubstituted or further substituted.
  • Preferred specific compounds of the invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are:
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the formula ⁇ or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is selected from the group consisting of: a) a basic salt of an organic acid and an inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.
  • the pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer of the present invention comprises a compound of the formula ⁇ or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a physiologically suitable carrier.
  • the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used for production inhibition
  • a kinase such as VEGEFR-2 mediated by cancer cell growth and metastasis.
  • the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can also be used for the preparation of a medicament for treating a cancer disease.
  • the cancer of the present invention includes parenchymal cancer, renal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia, adenocarcinoma, melanoma, gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer, endocrine cancer.
  • renal cancer acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), mesothelioma, angiosarcoma, adrenal cortical adenocarcinoma, endometrial cancer, and glioma.
  • Particularly effective cancers are kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and angiosarcoma.
  • the term "lower” means having up to 7 and including a maximum of 7, preferably 1 to up to 6, and including a maximum of 6 a group of carbon atoms which is unbranched or branched one or more times.
  • the fluorenyl moiety in the lower fluorenyl group, the lower decyloxy group and the substituent having a fluorenyl moiety is preferably a C r C 6 fluorenyl group such as n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-propyl group or isopropyl group. , methyl or ethyl.
  • the thiol substituent is unsubstituted or is halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, lower decyloxy, C 3 -C 7 cyclodecyl, amino or mono- or di-low Substituted by mercaptoamino.
  • Halogen-lower fluorenyl, 3 ⁇ 4-lower methoxy, 3 ⁇ 4-lower thiol and the like mean a substituent having a fluorenyl moiety in which the fluorenyl moiety is monosubstituted to completely substituted.
  • the 3 ⁇ 4-lower fluorenyl group, the halogen-lower decyloxy group is included in the substituted lower fluorenyl group, the substituted lower methoxy group.
  • the halogen is preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, more preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine, especially fluorine.
  • the phenyl group is generally an unsubstituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted with 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2, substituents.
  • Suitable substituents include, but are not limited to, amino, mono- or di-lower fluorenyl substituted amino groups (wherein lower fluorenyl substituents may be unsubstituted or further as listed above for fluorenyl) Substituents substituted:), 3 ⁇ 4, lower fluorenyl, substituted lower fluorenyl, hydroxy, lower decyloxy, substituted lower decyloxy, nitro, cyano, fluorenyl, lower thiol, halogen-lower Sulfhydryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl fluorenyl, heteroaryl fluorenyl, lower decanoyl, carbamoyl and N-mono- or N,N-di-lower fluorenyl substituted amino An
  • R1, R2 and R3 which are phenyl are preferably unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted by one or more substituents, preferably up to three, preferably one substituent.
  • Substituents which are especially important for the R1, R2 and R3 phenyl groups include amino, mono- or di-lower decylamino (wherein the fluorenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted:), halogen, lower fluorenyl, substituted Lower sulfhydryl, hydroxy, lower decyloxy, substituted lower decyloxy, nitro, cyano, decyl, lower sulfonylthio and substituted lower sulfonylthio.
  • a phenyl group and preferably an unsubstituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted by one or two identical or different substituents selected from halogen, preferably fluorine or chlorine; lower alkyl, preferably methyl, Ethyl, propyl or tert-butyl; halogen-lower fluorenyl, preferably trifluoromethyl; hydroxy; lower decyloxy, preferably methoxy or ethoxy; halogen-lower decyloxy, such as trifluoromethoxy Or a 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethoxy group; more preferably a phenyl group substituted by a substituent selected from unsubstituted or substituted lower fluorenyl groups, preferably methyl, halogen-lower A mercapto group, such as a trifluoromethyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted lower alkoxy group, preferably a methoxy group and a
  • R1, R2 and R3 phenyl groups include unsubstituted phenyl and lower decyloxy substituted phenyl groups, preferably phenyl groups in which lower decyloxy groups are substituted.
  • the heteroaryl group preferably contains from 1 to 3 5- to 7-membered aromatic rings selected from hetero atoms of N, 0 and S.
  • the heteroaryl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, preferably one to three, for example one identical or different substituent.
  • heteroaryl group is those selected from the group consisting of halogens such as fluorine or chlorine; mono- or di-lower fluorenyl-substituted amino groups wherein the fluorenyl group is unsubstituted or is halogenated, hydroxy, or nitrate a cyano group, a cyano group, a lower decyloxy group, a 3 - 7 cyclodecyl group, a heterocyclic group or a heteroaryl group; a lower fluorenyl group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group; a halogen-lower fluorenyl group, for example Trifluoromethyl; lower decyloxy, such as methoxy or ethoxy; halogen-lower decyloxy, such as trifluoromethoxy; lower sulfonyl, such as methylthio; halogen-lower thiol, For example, trifluor
  • the heterocyclic group preferably has a 5- or 6-membered non-aromatic ring having 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the heterocyclic ring may be fully or partially saturated, and is unsubstituted or substituted. Preferably, it is substituted by an unsubstituted or substituted lower fluorenyl group.
  • Heterocyclic groups include morpholino, thiomorpholino, piperidinyl, piperazinyl and the like.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferably the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of formula 1.
  • Such salts are formed, for example, by a compound of the formula having a basic nitrogen atom, such as an acid addition salt, preferably an acid addition salt with an organic or inorganic acid, preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • Suitable inorganic acids are, for example, hydrohalic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
  • Suitable organic acids are, for example, carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, sulfonic acids or sulfamic acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, dodecanoic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, gluconic acid, Fumaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, glucaric acid, galactose diacid, amino acid, such as glutamic acid, day Aspartic acid, N-methylglycine, acetaminoacetic acid, N-acetylaspartamide, N-acetylcysteine, pyruvic acid, acetoacetic acid, phosphoserine, 2- or 3-glycerophosphate, Malay Acid, hydroxymaleic acid, methyl maleic acid, cyclohexylcarboxy
  • the present invention relates to 3-chloro- and 3-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridine amide compound compounds useful as kinase inhibitors such as VEGER-2, and their use in the preparation of a therapeutic kinase such as VEGFR-2. Use in medicines for diseases.
  • the patient is a mammal, typically a human.
  • the compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment of cancer in a mammal, preferably a human cancer, including but Not limited to malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, spinal proliferative diseases, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer and Angiosarcoma and the like.
  • the compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases mediated by kinases such as VEGFR-2, including rheumatoid arthritis, retinopathy (including diabetic retinal neuropathy and macular degeneration), cardiovascular disease and metabolic diseases.
  • the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has valuable pharmacological properties as described above.
  • 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phenylacetic acid and mandelic acid; b) an acid salt of a cationic organic and inorganic base selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, an ammonium ion, an aliphatic substituted ammonium ion and an aromatic substituted ammonium ion.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the formula ⁇ compound of the present invention is a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
  • Such salts are formed, for example, by a compound of the formula ⁇ having a basic nitrogen atom, such as an acid addition salt, preferably an acid addition salt, especially a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, with an organic or inorganic acid.
  • Suitable inorganic acids are selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
  • Suitable organic acids are selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, sulfonic acids or sulfamic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluorosulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, Acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid, citric acid , dodecanoic acid, glycolic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, glucaric acid,
  • 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, phthalic acid, benzene Glycine, glucuronic acid, galactose Aldehydic acid, formamidine- or acetophenone-sulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, bis- 1,2-disulfonic acid, 1, 5-naphthalene disulfonic acid, N-cyclohexylsulfamic acid, N -Methyl-, N-ethyl- or N-propyl-sulfamic acid, or other organic protic acids such as ascorbic acid.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs, such as compounds that inhibit tumor angiogenesis, such as protease inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors, and the like; Toxic drugs, such as antimetabolites, such as anti-metabolites of purines and pyrimidine analogs; anti-mitotic drugs such as microtubule stabilizing drugs and anti-mitotic alkaloids; platinum coordination complexes; antitumor antibiotics; deuterated agents such as nitrogen mustard and Nitrosoureas; endocrines, such as adrenal corticosteroids, androgens, antiandrogens, estrogens, antiestrogens, aromatase inhibitors, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, and somatostatin Analogs, as well as compounds that target enzymes or receptors that are overexpressed and/or otherwise associated with specific metabolic pathways that are up-regulated in tumor cells, such as
  • the compounds of the invention may also be administered with radiation therapy, immunotherapy, surgery, or a combination thereof. Treatments for maintaining the state of a patient after tumor reduction or even chemopreventive treatment (e.g., in the case of a patient at risk:) are also possible.
  • the compounds of the invention are useful not only for the prophylactic and preferably therapeutic: treatment of humans, but also for the treatment of other warm-blooded animals, such as commercially useful warm-blooded animals, such as rodents such as mice, rabbits or Rat, or guinea pig.
  • the invention also includes a pharmaceutical combination comprising a compound of formula (I) and a physiologically acceptable carrier
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered by injection, inhalation or spraying or rectally, orally, dermally, parenterally, or in unit dosage form.
  • injectable administration includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, as well as application of infusion techniques.
  • Skin administration includes topical or transdermal administration.
  • One or more compounds can be co-existed with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic carriers, as well as other active ingredients, as appropriate.
  • compositions can be prepared according to any suitable method known in the art of pharmaceutical composition manufacture.
  • the composition may contain one or more of the following agents: diluents, sweeteners, perfumes, colorants and preservatives.
  • Tablets contain the active ingredients in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic excipients suitable for tablet manufacture.
  • the excipients are, for example, inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating agents and disintegrating agents such as corn starch or alginic acid; binders such as magnesium stearate, hard Fatty acid or talcum powder.
  • the tablets may be uncoated or they may be wrapped by known techniques to delay their disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, providing a long lasting effect.
  • a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed.
  • the compounds can also be prepared in solid, immediate release form.
  • the oral preparation may also be a hard gelatin capsule in which the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or a soft gelatin capsule in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive Oil and other oils are mixed.
  • an inert solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
  • a soft gelatin capsule in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive Oil and other oils are mixed.
  • Aqueous suspensions containing the active substance in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions may also be employed.
  • the excipient is a suspending agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tragacanth and gum arabic;
  • the dispersing or wetting agent may be a natural phospholipid, such as lecithin, or a condensation product of an epoxy oxime with a fatty acid, such as polyoxyethylene stearate, or a condensation product of an epoxy oxime with a long chain fatty alcohol, for example A condensation product of heptahexylethylene hexadecanol, or an epoxy oxime with a partial ester of a fatty acid with hexitol, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more A colorant, one or more fragrances, and one or more sweeteners such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • preservatives for example ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
  • a colorant for example ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
  • fragrances for example sucrose or saccharin.
  • sweeteners such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • the active ingredient is mixed with a dispersing or wetting agent, a suspending agent and one or more preservatives.
  • a dispersing or wetting agent e.g., sodium tartrate
  • suspending agent e.g., sodium EDTA
  • preservatives e.g., sodium EDTA, sodium EDTA, sodium EDTA, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate
  • the form of the compound may also be a non-aqueous liquid preparation such as an oily suspension, which can be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil such as peanut oil, olive oil, sesame oil or peanut oil or a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
  • the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol.
  • a thickening agent such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol.
  • an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may also be in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the oil phase may be a vegetable oil such as olive oil or peanut oil or a mineral oil such as liquid beeswax, or a mixture thereof.
  • Suitable emulsifiers may be natural gums such as tragacanth and gum arabic, or natural phospholipids such as soy lecithin or lecithin; partial esters of fatty acids with anhydrohexitol, such as sorbitan oleate; A condensation product of a partial ester with epoxy oxime, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • the emulsion may also contain sweeteners and flavors.
  • Sweeteners and elixirs may also be formulated with sweetening agents such as glycerol, polypropylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such preparations may also contain emollients, preservatives, and perfumes and colorants.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is prepared by a method known per se, for example, by a conventional mixing, granulating, molding, dissolving or lyophilizing method.
  • compositions Preference is given to using solutions of the active ingredient, in addition to suspensions or dispersions, in particular isotonic aqueous solutions, dispersions or suspensions, for example, lyophilized solutions containing only active substances or containing active substances with carriers such as mannitol
  • solutions of the active ingredient in addition to suspensions or dispersions, in particular isotonic aqueous solutions, dispersions or suspensions, for example, lyophilized solutions containing only active substances or containing active substances with carriers such as mannitol
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be sterilized and/or contain excipients such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents and/or emulsifiers, solubilizers, salts for regulating osmotic pressure and/or buffers, and The preparation is carried out by a known method, for example, by a conventional dissolution or lyophilization method.
  • the solution or suspension may contain a viscosity increasing substance such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose
  • the suspension in oil contains vegetable oil, synthetic oil or semi-synthetic oil conventionally used for injection purposes as an oily component. Mention may be made, in particular, of liquid fatty acid esters comprising as long as a fatty acid component having from 8 to 22, in particular from 12 to 22, carbon atoms, for example lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, didecanoic acid or the corresponding unsaturated acid, such as oleic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, eicosanic acid or linoleic acid An antioxidant such as vitamin ⁇ , ⁇ -carotene or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene is optionally added.
  • liquid fatty acid esters comprising as long as a fatty acid component having from 8 to 22, in particular from 12 to 22, carbon atoms, for example
  • the alcohol component of these fatty acid esters has up to 6 carbon atoms and is a mono- or poly-hydric alcohol such as a mono-, di- or tri-alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol or Their isomers, but especially ethylene glycol and glycerol.
  • fatty acid esters which may be mentioned are: ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, etc., but especially vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, almond oil, olive oil, sesame oil, Soybean oil and more especially peanut oil.
  • the preparation of the injectable compositions is carried out in a conventional manner under sterile conditions, and the introduction into a container such as an ampoule or vial and a container is also carried out under aseptic conditions in a conventional manner.
  • compositions for oral administration can be obtained, for example, by the following methods: mixing the active ingredient with one or more solid carriers, granulating the resulting mixture, if appropriate, processing the mixture or granules (if necessary, adding additional Excipients:) into the heart of a tablet or dragee.
  • Suitable carriers are, in particular, fillers, for example sugars such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol, cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate, and also binders such as starches such as corn, Wheat, rice or potato starch, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or, if desired, a disintegrant,
  • the starch mentioned above is also carboxymethyl starch, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.
  • excipients are, in particular, flow regulators and lubricants, for example silicic acid, talc, stearic acid or its salts, for example magnesium stearate or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol or derivatives thereof Things.
  • flow regulators and lubricants for example silicic acid, talc, stearic acid or its salts, for example magnesium stearate or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol or derivatives thereof Things.
  • the dragee core may have a suitable coating, optionally an enteric coating, especially a concentrated sugar solution, which may contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide.
  • a coating solution in a suitable organic solvent or solvent mixture, or for the preparation of an enteric coating using a solution of a suitable cellulosic product, such as cellulose acetate phthalate or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Phthalates.
  • Colorants or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings, for example for identification purposes or to show different dosages of the active ingredients.
  • compositions for oral administration are also hard gelatin capsules and soft, sealed capsules consisting of gelatin and a plasticizer such as glycerol or sorbitol.
  • the hard gelatine capsules may contain the active ingredient in the form of granules, for example, in the form of granules mixed with fillers such as corn starch, binders and/or glidants such as talc or magnesium stearate and optionally stabilizers.
  • the active ingredient is preferably dissolved or suspended in a suitable liquid vehicle such as a fatty oil, a paraffin oil or a liquid polyethylene glycol or a fatty acid ester of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as well as stabilizers and Detergents, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester detergents.
  • a suitable liquid vehicle such as a fatty oil, a paraffin oil or a liquid polyethylene glycol or a fatty acid ester of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, as well as stabilizers and Detergents, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester detergents.
  • Suitable rectal-administered pharmaceutical compositions are, for example, suppositories, which consist of a mixture of the active ingredient and a suppository base.
  • Suitable suppository bases are, for example, natural or synthetic triglycerides, streptammonium, polyethylene glycol or higher chain sterols.
  • aqueous solutions for example aqueous solutions of the active ingredient in the form of a water-soluble salt, or aqueous injection suspensions, containing a viscosity increasing substance such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or are suitable. Or dextran, and if necessary, stabilizers.
  • the active ingredient optionally together with excipients may also be in the form of a lyophilizate which may be administered parenterally
  • a solution is prepared by adding a suitable solvent before use.
  • Solutions for parenteral administration can also be used in the form of infusions.
  • Preferred preservatives are, for example, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or microbicides such as sorbic acid or benzoic acid.
  • Injections including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, and application of the input technique, are preferably administered at a daily dose of 0.01-200 mg/kg body weight.
  • the daily dose for rectal administration is preferably 0.01-200 mg/kg body weight.
  • the daily dose for external use is 1 to 4 times a day, preferably 0.1-200 mg per time.
  • the daily dose for inhalation is preferably 0.01-10 mg/kg body weight.
  • the particular mode of administration will depend on a variety of factors, which are often considered in conventional administration.
  • the specific dose of a particular patient depends on the activity of the particular compound used, the age of the patient, the patient's weight, the overall health of the patient, the patient's gender, the patient's diet, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of discharge, the drug A combination of factors and the severity of the current condition.
  • the optimal therapeutic regimen i.e., the therapeutic regimen over a certain number of days, and the number of daily administrations of a compound of the formula ⁇ or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using routine therapeutic trials.
  • the specific record level of a particular patient depends on a number of factors, including the activity of the particular compound used, the age of the patient, the patient's weight, the overall health of the patient, the patient's gender, the patient's diet, the time of administration, the route of administration, the rate of discharge, the drug The combination and severity of the current condition.
  • the compound of the present invention can be produced by a known compound (or a starting material which can be obtained from a known compound:), for example, by a general method as described later.
  • the activity of each compound to inhibit VEGFR-2 kinase can be determined by a usual method described later.
  • the following examples are illustrative only and not limiting. Prepared by the general reaction scheme described. plan 1
  • the in vitro biological activity of a compound inhibiting kinase is generally measured by the degree of phosphorylation of its antagonistic kinase to a foreign substrate (Zhou S. et al. Nature 1995, 373: 536-539).
  • VEGRF-2 in vitro inhibitory activity test (Itokawa T. et al. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2001, 1 : 295-302 )
  • VEGFR-2 is a recombinant human kinase, which is expressed and purified by SF9 cells, and the degree of reaction of phosphorylating substrates under compound antagonism by fluorescence resonance energy transfer
  • FRET Fluoresence resonance energy trasnfer
  • Example 1 The invention is further illustrated or described below by the specific embodiments, but the examples are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
  • Example 1
  • IC50 of the compound in each of the above examples for VEGFR2 is between 20 and 200 nM, wherein the compound of Example 12 has an IC50 value of 20 nM.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种抑制VEGFR-2等激酶的式(I)3-氯-及3-甲氧基-N-甲基-2-吡啶酰胺化合物。本发明还提供了式(I)化合物在制备抗癌药物以及治疗VEGFR-2等激酶所介导疾病的药物中的用途。

Description

3-氯-及 3-甲氧基 -N-甲基 -2-吡啶酰胺化合物
及其作为抗癌药物的应用
发明领域
本发明涉及用作 VEGFR-2等激酶抑制剂的 3-氯-及 3-甲氧基 -N-甲基 -2-吡啶酰胺化合物, 以及它们用于制备治疗 VEGFR-2等激酶所介导疾病 的药物中的用途。
背景技术
随着对肿瘤分子生物学的深入研究,通过对多种致癌蛋白激酶进行抑 制的靶向治疗法已成为抗肿瘤治疗的重要组成部分, 并已在各类肿瘤的 治疗中获得了重大进展。 在细胞中, 蛋白激酶通过对上游蛋白、 下游蛋 白及自身的磷酸化来传达及放大信息, 控制细胞的生长、 分化和凋亡。 目前已知, 所有真核细胞中均存在 Raf/MEK/ERK这一信号通路, 其通过 Ras、 Raf、 MEK及 ERK的特异性级联磷酸化将信号由细胞外传入细胞核 内, 大约 30%的肿瘤细胞存在这一通路的上调。 在 Raf/MEK/ERK信号通 路中, 信号起始于表皮生长因子 (EGF ) 与细胞膜上表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR ) 的结合, EGFR在其磷酸化的位置 SH2部位与衔接蛋白质 GRB2 ( growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 ) 结合, 招募鸟苷酸交换 因子 SOS蛋白与 Ras结合在相邻的内细胞膜上, GTP替代与 Ras结合的 GDP而激化 Ras , Ras是关键的信号转导中心之一, 参入多个上游和下游 的信号转导。在研究得最多的通路中,激化后的 Ras与细胞桨丝 /苏氨酸 激酶 Raf 结合, Raf 再磷酸化 MAPK激酶 (MAPKK, 又称 MEK ) , MEK激 活 ERKl/2 ( extracel lular signal regulated kinase , ERK) 。 ERK被 激活后, 进入细胞核内并直接激活转录因子, 启动细胞的生长、 分化和 凋亡等生物学过程。 一旦该通路发生过度的激活, 细胞增殖的加速与细 胞生存期的延长可导致肿瘤的形成及发展 (Kolch W. Biochem J, 2000, 351 : 289-305; Gi shi zky ML. Annu. Rep. Med. Chem. 1995, 30 : 247-253)。 需要指出的是, 随环境因素的不同, 信号通路级联反应中的信号 蛋白都可能被不同的上游蛋白激活或抑制而形成一个极其复杂的网络调 控结构。 例如, Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路上的 Raf 和 ERK也可通过不依赖 Ras的方式发挥其信号转导调节作用; Ras的活性也可以通过肿瘤抑制基 因 NF1的突变而引起 GTP水解的减少来提高。 除了在 Raf/MEK/ERK信号 通路上的关键作用外, 表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)还激活 PI3K/AKT通道 上的磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶(PI3K), Ras和 PI3K再一起调控分子哺乳动物 雷帕霉素靶蛋白 (mTOR) 的作用。 mTOR是控制细胞生理作用的另一多功 能细胞桨丝 /苏氨酸激酶, 作为下游的底物, S6 kinase (S6K)和 4EBP1 被 mTOR磷酸化后启动核糖体蛋白的合成 (Hay N, Sonenberg N (2004) . Genes Dev 18 (16): 1926 _ 45 ) 。
蛋白激酶基因共表达 518多个蛋白激酶, 其中受体激酶有 20亚科 分 58类型, 细胞桨激酶有 10亚科分 32类型; 在已知的 50多种致癌基 因 中 , 大部分是蛋 白激酶基因 ( Manning et al. Sicence, 2002, 298, 1912 )。癌症基因通常处于被抑制的状态, 但当它们发生突变 或者被异常激活后, 例如化学毒物、 长期紫外光照或放射性物质的作用 下, 癌基因会过量地表达激酶, 或表达持续活化的激酶, 导致细胞生长、 分化和凋亡等重要环节的失控而产生癌细胞 (Croce CM. N Engl J Med. 2008, 358 (5): 502 - 11 ) 。 针对细胞信号通路上失控的激酶或生长因 子等作为药物靶点, 研发小分子或大分子抑制剂, 对抗癌细胞生长与转 移已成为当今抗癌药物研发的重要方向 (Novel anticancer agents, Academic Press, 2006, editors: Alex A. Adijel ; John K. Buolamwini ) 。
Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路上的 Raf 激酶在许多癌症细胞中被过量表 达, 超过 60%的人类恶性黑色素瘤、 12%的大肠癌、 14%的卵巢癌中都发 现 B-raf 的激活突变, 这种突变还存在于甲状腺和肺部的肿瘤中; 另一 方面,在 50%的肾癌和几乎 100%的肝癌细胞中存在异常高的 C-raf活性, 虽然其中 C-raf 并没有发生突变 (Brose,M. S. et al. Cancer Res. 2000, 63 : 6997-7000; Davies , H. Nature, 2002, 417 : 949-954 ; Yuen, S. T. et al. Cancer Res. 2002, 62 : 6451-6455) 。 B_raf 突变后的激酶 B-raf -V600E, 其活性是野生型激酶的 500倍, 它能与 C_raf 形成异源 二聚体, 持续激活下游的 ERK及蛋白激酶 mTOR ( Sridhar SS, Hedley D, Siu LL. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2005, 4 (4) : 677 - 85 ) 。 RAF激酶存在 三种亚型, 包括 A-raf、 B-raf和 C-raf (也称 Raf_l ) , 它们高度同源, 享有很高的序列相似性, 所以小分子 RAF激酶抑制剂通常会同时拮抗 B-ref、 C-raf及 B-raf _V600E。 由拜耳研发的索拉非尼(Sorafenib )是 于 2005年批准的首个治疗晚期肾癌的 RAF激酶抑制剂, 2007年又被批 准为转移性肝癌的治疗药物。 进一步的研究使拜耳的科学家们认为, 索 拉非尼实际上能拮抗多重激酶, 它通过同时拮抗 RAF激酶以及几种血管 生成细胞生长因子受体(例如 VEGFR、 PDGFR等)来抑制癌细胞的生长与 转移 (Keating GM, Santoro A. Drugs 2009 , 69 (2): 223 - 240 ) 。 肾癌及肝癌均是转移性极强的癌症, 其中肾癌的主要病理类型是透明细 胞癌(clear cel l carcinoma),其发病机制与 VHL抑癌基因的突变相关。 一旦 VHL基因发生突变,即便在正常非缺氧生理状态下,其编码的氨基酸 蛋 白 (pVHL) 也会导致缺氧诱导 因 子 -loc (hypoxia-inducible factor-la, HIF-la) 的异常激活; HIF-loc再刺激 VEGF与 PDGF- β等细 胞生长因子的表达合成,参与肿瘤组织的新生血管生成。 此外,大多数的 肾癌具 EGFR表达,且表达程度与预后相关, HIF-lodl过激活 TGF_oc产生 自分泌作用与 EGFR结合,从而促进细胞增殖与生存。 无论何种生长因子 与其受体的结合,通常均需通过 Raf/MEK/ERK通路发挥作用(Gunaratnam L, et al. J Biol Chem. 2003, 278 : 44966-44974)。
早在 1971年, Judah Folkman即提出血管生成理论(Angiogenesi s ) 来解释肿瘤的增长与转移 (metastasis ) 。 他们的实验显示血管内皮细 胞生长因子抑制剂, 内皮抑素 (endostatin ) 与人血管抑素
(angiostatin )可以抑制小鼠上肿瘤的增长。他认为肿瘤细胞在自身分 裂繁殖到一定程度后 (1-2 立方毫米) , 必须借助新生的肿瘤血管提供 养分与氧气来帮助其进一步增长与扩散 (Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Science 1987, 235 (4787): 442 - 7 ) 。 在血管形成过程中, 癌细胞分 泌出血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF) 与细胞摸上的受体 (VEGFR) 结合, 刺激血管内皮细胞的生长、 分裂、 繁殖; 同时细胞释放出蛋白水解酶
(proteolytic enzymes ) 和基质金属蛋白酶 (MMP) 降解周围基质, 细 胞得以前移、增长、形成管道化血管环和新基底膜, 最终形成新生血管。 文献进一步显示, 多种不同的生长因子同时参与新生肿瘤血管的形成; 除 VEGF夕卜,还有血小板衍生生长因子(Platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF) 和成纤维细胞生长因子 (Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF) 等。 癌细胞分泌的 PDGF和 FGF等生长因子通过招募和刺激纤维细胞、平滑肌 细胞、外膜细胞的生长形成新的癌细胞血管基质,帮助新生血管的形成。 与正常血管不同,这种新生肿瘤血管往往结构不规整,血管基质不完善, 渗透性高, 所以肿瘤细胞得以渗透到血液中, 扩散并附着在身体的其它 部位上生长繁殖形成癌症转移 (metastasis ) 。 临床研究证明, 抑制这 一过程能有效地阻止肿瘤的增长和转移, 延长患者寿命 (Folkman J. Scientific American 1996, 275 (3): 150 - 4) 。 已知参与癌细胞新生 血管形成的生长因子受体有 VEGFR-1 (Flt-1 ), VEGFR-2 (KDR,或 Flk_l ), 血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF) 受体 PDGFR-oc及 PDGFR-β , 和成纤维细胞生 长因子(FGF)受体 FGFR1-4等; 另一方面,结构相似的 VEGFR-3 (Flt_4 ) 受体主要参与新生淋巴管的形成(Lymphangiogenesis ), 在癌症通过淋 巴系统转移的过程中扮演重要的角色, 这些受体都可以作为对抗实质肿 瘤增长与转禾多的革巴点 (Steven A. Stacker. Lymphangiogenesis in Cancer Metastasis, Springer. 2009 pp. 27 _ ) 。
综上所述, 最近二十年来人们对癌症的发生、 生长、 存活及转移 在分子层面上的认识取得了非凡的进步, 更重要的是, 多个临床研究实 例都证明了用小分子或大分子药物抑制激酶或生长因子来治疗癌症的疗 效; 研究血管生成 (Angiogenesi s ) 的不懈努力也终于证明了抑制血管 内皮细胞生长因子或者受体的临床疗效, 从阻抗癌细胞周围血管形成的 角度来延缓癌症的增长与扩散, 延长患者寿命。
2001年 5月, 美国 FDA批准了第一个酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂伊 马替尼 (Imatinib )为慢性粒细胞白血病(慢性骨髓血癌, CML) 的治疗 用药 (Gambacorti-Passerini C. Lancet Oncology 2^%, 9 (600) : 600 ), 伊马替尼首次证明了激酶抑制剂治疗癌症的可行性, 同时伊马替尼显示 了相对于化学疗法较低的药物毒性, 提高了患者的生活品质。 在分子层 面, 伊马替尼通过拮抗白血病癌细胞中过度表达的 bcr-abl激酶, 抑制 细胞的生长和分裂; 它同时也拮抗 c-kit激酶的活性, 并在临床上显示 其对胃肠道间质细胞瘤的疗效,被批准为胃肠道间质细胞瘤的治疗用药。 几年后,百时美-施贵宝和诺华又分别于 2006年和 2007年开发了另外两 个慢性骨髓血癌治疗用药-达沙替尼 (Dasatinib ) 和尼罗替尼 (Ni lotinib ) , 而且两者对抗伊马替尼的病患也有良好的疗效。
由英国阿斯利康公司研发的吉非替尼 (Gefitinib ) 于 2002 年 8 月批准在日本上市, 作为非小细胞肺癌一线治疗药物吉非替尼尤其对亚 洲吸烟男性非小细胞肺癌患者非常有效。 2004年, 基因泰克和 0SI制药 联合开发了厄洛替尼(erlotinib ),它的适用范围更加广泛,在全球七、 八十个国家中被用作非小细胞肺癌一线治疗、 维持治疗和序贯治疗的药 物。 吉非替尼和厄洛替尼均为表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 抑制剂, 拮抗 细胞表面跨膜上 EGFR 受体与表皮生长因子 (EGF) 的结合而抑制 EGFR 转导的 Raf/MEK/ERK等信号通道(Raymond E, Faivre S, Armand J. Drugs 2000, 60 Suppl 1 : 15 - 23 ; discussion 41 - 2 ) 。 同样的原理, 厄洛 替尼也能有效地抑制胰腺肿瘤细胞的生长, 成为 FDA批准的第一个治疗 胰腺癌的靶向药物。
2006年, 辉瑞与 Sugene共同开发了舒尼替尼 (Sunitinib ) 。 作 为治疗肾癌(RCC)的酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂, 舒尼替尼通过拮抗血管 内皮细胞生长因子受体(VGEFR), 抑制癌细胞新生血管的形成来延缓癌 细胞的生长与转移。 舒尼替尼同时也能抑制 c-kit激酶的活性, 被批准 为抗伊马替尼胃肠道间质细胞瘤患者的治疗用药。
由拜耳研发的索拉非尼 (Sorafenib ) 通过同时拮抗 RAF激酶、 血 管内皮细胞生长因子受体 (VGEFR ) 及血小板衍生生长因子受体
(PDGFR-β) 等多重途径对抗癌症的生长与转移, 被 FDA批准为晚期肾 癌及转移性肝癌的治疗药物。 索拉非尼对转移性肝癌的疗效是肝癌治疗 领域的重大突破, 肝癌是公认最难治疗, 转移性最强的癌症之一
(Escudier B, et al. (January 2007) . N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (2): 125 - 34; Keating GM, Santoro A. Drugs 2009 , 69 (2) : 223 - 240 ) 。
哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白 (mTOR) 是 PI3K/AKT信号通道中一个多 功能丝 /苏氨酸激酶, 与癌细胞的生长、分裂、存活及转移都有直接的关 耳关 ( Rubio-Viqueira, B, Hidalgo M. Curr. Opin. Invest ig. Drugs 2006, 7 : 501 - 512 ) 。 mTOR激酶在肾癌转移中的作用尤其明显, 失控的 mTOR引起细胞内 HIF-loc浓度的提高, HIF_loc再诱发 VGEF的合成,促进 癌细胞血管形成; 另一方面, 许多肾癌细胞由于 VHL肿瘤抑制基因的突 变或失去引起 HIF-loc分解的减少也提高 HIF-loc的浓度 (Thomas GV. et al. Nature Medicine 2006 , 12 : 122 - 127 ) 。 第一个临床用 mTOR抑制 剂为美国惠氏制药研发的雷帕霉素衍生物西罗莫司 (Temsirol imus ) , 2007年被 FDA批准为肾癌的治疗用药。
拉帕替尼 (Lapatinib ) 是小分子酪氨酸激酶双重抑制剂, 它能同 时抑制表皮生长因子受体(EGFR) 和 ErbB2 (HER-2/neu) 受体, 大约有 30%左右的乳腺癌病患由于 HER-2/neu原癌基因而产生过量的 HER-2/neu 受体。 2007年, 拉帕替尼被 FDA批准为乳腺癌组合疗法用药, 2010年 又被批准为 ER+/EGFR+/HER2+三重阳性乳腺癌患者的一线用药(Wood ER et al. Cancer research 2004, 64 (18): 6652 - 9 ) 。
由于激酶的高度同源性及多样性, 目前研发的小分子抗癌药物大 多为多重激酶抑制剂, 幸运的是与以前担心的不同, 较低的激酶选择性 并没有影响药物的疗效; 相反, 优选的多重激酶抑制剂可能更利于对抗 成因复杂, 形式多样的癌症, 并可一药多用。
与小分子激酶抑制剂多重性不同的是, 大分子单克隆抗体通常是 只针对细胞信号通道中单一靶点的特异抑制剂, 多个临床实例也已证明 了特异性单克隆抗体治疗癌症的疗效。 1998 年, 曲妥珠单抗 (Trastuzumab )获得美国 FDA批准为乳腺癌治疗用药,适用于过量表达 HER-2/neu的乳腺癌病患 (Hudis, CA. N Engl J Med. 2007, 357 (1): 39 - 51 ) 2004年, FDA批准了贝伐单抗 (Bevacizumab )与标准化疗药 物结合治疗转移性大肠癌 (mCRC)和非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 。 贝伐单抗 特异性地结合血管内皮细胞生长因子(VGEF), 抑制癌新生血管的形成, 并能促进化疗药物对癌症组织的渗透 (Los M et al. The Oncologist 2007 , 12 (4) : 443 - 50 ) 。 继后, 帕尼单抗 (Panitumumab ) 和西妥昔 单抗(cetuximab )也被批准为转移性大肠癌用药。 与贝伐单抗不同, 帕 尼单抗和西妥昔单抗通过与表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 的结合来抑制癌 细胞生长分裂的信号通道。 西妥昔单抗 (IgGl ) 与帕尼单抗 (IgG2)分属 于免疫球蛋白的不同亚型, 它们在抗癌机理上存在细微的差别, 除对大 肠癌的疗效外, 施贵宝公司生产的西妥昔单抗也可治疗头颈癌。 上述临床实例全面证明了用激酶抑制剂拮抗癌细胞失控的信号通 道, 治疗不同癌症的可行性。 然而, 癌症是最复杂的疾病之一, 身体各 个器官都可能通过各种机理形成结构组织各异的癌症, 很多癌症是由多 个基因的同时突变造成, 而且同类癌症也可由不同的癌变原因形成等。 癌症成因机理的多元性, 形式结构的多样性使它的治疗一直以来充满着 各种挑战, 癌症专家不得不普遍利用多种药物的不同组合来对抗肿瘤顽 疾; 另一方面, 癌症也会对现有药物产生抗药性, 所以有必要不断地开 发结构新颖、 功能各异、 药效更好的新型靶向药物, 根据信号通路和肿 瘤遗传学信息进行药物的优选组合, 提高癌症治疗的疗效。
血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF ) 是肿瘤血管生成过程中最重要的细胞 生长因子, 肿瘤血管对 VEGF 高度敏感, 在很多肿瘤细胞中 VEGF mRNA 浓度显著地高于正常细胞, 这些肿瘤包括肺癌(Mattern et al. Br. J Cancer 1996, 73, 93, 1), 甲状腺癌 (Vigl ietto et al. Oncogene 1995, 11, 1569) , 乳腺癌(Brown et al. Human Pathol. 1995, 26, 86), 胃腸癌 (Brown et al. Cancer Res. 1993, 53, 4727; Suzuki et al. Cancer Res. 1996, 56, 3004), 肾癌和膀胱癌 (Brown et al. Am. JPalhol. 1993, 143L 1255) , 卵巢癌(Olson et al. Cancer Res. 1994, 54, 1255) , 宫颈癌 (Guidi et al. J Nat 'l Cancer 30 Inst. 1995, 87, 12137)、 以及血管 肉瘤 (Hashimoto et al. Lab. Invest. 1995, 73, 859)和多种颅内月中瘤 (Plate et al. Nature 1992, 359, 845 ; Phi l l ips et al. Int. J Oncol. 1993, 2, 913 ; Berkman et al. J Clin. Invest. , 1993, 91 ; 153)。 所以 继贝伐单抗、 舒尼替尼、 索拉非尼作为血管形成抑制剂成功地应用于临 床以来, 研发新型血管形成抑制剂 (如 VEGFR-2及 PDGFR-β抑制剂等) 作为广谱抗癌药物已成为十分热门的领域, 并已取得了新的、 前景看好 的临床试验结果。
W0-2004007458公开了一组 2_垸胺烟酰胺衍生物作为 VEGFR、PDGFR and Kit 抑制剂, 在临床三期试验中用于非鳞状非小细胞肺癌的治疗, 其它适应症包括实质癌, 胃腸癌, 结肠直肠癌,内分泌癌,乳腺癌及肺癌。
W0-2004113304公开了一组吲唑、苯并异唑及苯并噻唑衍生物作为 CSFR-K PDGFR, Flt3、 Kit, VEGFR- 1、 VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 抑制剂, 在 临床三期试验中用于治疗肝癌, 二期临床用于非小细胞肺癌, 乳腺癌, 结肠直肠癌,其它适应症还包括肾癌,急性髓样白血病 (AML)和骨髓增生 异常综合征 (MDS)。
W0-2000043366公开了一组喹啉-脲衍生物作为 Kit、PDGFR科受体、 VEGFR-K VEGFR-2 , VEGFR-3抑制剂, 在临床三期试验中用于治疗肾癌, 其它临床实验包括乳腺癌, 结肠直肠癌, 胃腸癌, 非小细胞肺癌和肝癌 等。
W0-200102369公开了一组吲唑衍生物作为 CSFR-1、 PDGF、 VEGF_1、 VEGF-2及 VEGF-3抑制剂, 在临床三期试验中用于治疗肾癌, 二期临床 实验包括間皮癌, 血管肉瘤, 肾上腺皮质腺癌和肝癌等。
W0-200232872 公开了一组新型喹啉-脲衍生物作为 VEGFR_2、 VEGFR-3 , FGFR 1-4 及 RET抑制剂, 在临床三期试验中用于甲状腺癌的 治疗, 二期临床实验包括肝癌, 子宫内膜癌, 黑素瘤, 肾癌及神经胶质 瘤。
W0-2003082272 公开了一组芳胺苯并咪唑类化合物作为 Raf, VEGFR-2, PDGFR-β及 Kit抑制剂用于治疗黑素瘤。
中国专利 CN101475513A, CN101260106A和 CN101735215A也公开了 三种 raf激酶抑制剂双芳基脲类化合物在治疗癌症上的用途。
发明简述
本发明涉及通式 (I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及治疗患者的 方法,该方法包括向患者施用抑制 VEGFR-2等激酶有效量的通式(I)化合 物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明涉及一种抑制 VEGFR-2等激酶的 3-氯-及 3-甲氧基 -N-甲基
-2-吡啶酰胺化合物, 其为通式 (I)所描述的化合物或其药学上可接受的 ; t卜.
Figure imgf000009_0001
式 (I) 其中:
A选自氯或甲氧基;
、 和 选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 取代或未取代的 C1-C6直链、 C1-C6支链垸基、 C3-C7环垸基、 C6-C10芳基、 C6-C10杂芳基或含有 一个或多个选 N、 S、 0原子的 C6-C10杂环基;
所述取代基选自氨基、 卤素、 C1-C6垸基、 羟基、 C1-C6垸氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 巯基、 C1-C6垸硫基、 卤素 -C1-C6垸硫基、 杂环基、 杂芳 基、 杂环基垸基、 杂芳基 C1-C6垸基、 C1-C6垸酰基或氨基甲酰基。
其中通式 (I)所描述的化合物可以包括下述各式表示的化合物:
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
而且, 和 还可以单独或同时连接在苯环上形成一取代基、 二取代基或三取代基产物;
Ri , 和 进一步分别选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 取代或未取代的院 基、 垸氧基、 环垸基、 芳基、 杂芳基或杂环基;
Ri , 和 进一步分别选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 取代或未取代的低 级垸基、低级垸氧基、低级环垸基、 C6-C20芳基、 C6-C20杂芳基或 C6-C20 杂环基;
Ri , 和 进一步分别选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 取代或未取代的 C1-C6直链、 C1-C6支链垸基、 C3-C7环垸基、 C6-C10芳基、 C6-C10 杂芳基或含有一个或多个选 N、 S、 0原子的 C6-C10杂环基;
和 进一步优选为氟、 氯、 甲基、 乙基、 氰基、 羟基、 叔丁 基、 环丙基或环丁基、 苯基、 吡啶基、 吡咯基或哌嗪基;
Ri, 和 还可以优选为氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 甲氧基或三氟甲 氧基。
所述的卤素选自氟、 氯、 溴或碘, 优选氟或碘。
所述取代基选自氨基、 卤素、 C1-C6垸基、 羟基、 C1-C6垸氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 巯基、 C1-C6垸硫基、 卤素 -C1-C6垸硫基、 杂环基、 杂芳 基、 杂环基垸基、 杂芳基 C1-C6垸基、 C1-C6垸酰基或氨基甲酰基。 其 中 C1-C6垸基取代基可以是未取代的或被进一步取代。 本发明优选的具体化合物或其药学上可接受的盐有:
N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(4-((3-氯 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧) 苯基:)脲;
N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-((3-(3-氯 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧) 苯基:)脲;
N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(4-((3-甲氧基 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基 氧)苯基)脲;
N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-((3-(3-甲氧基 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基 氧)苯基)脲。 本发明涉及式 ω化合物或其药学上可接受的盐, 这些盐选自: a)有机酸和无机酸的碱式盐, 所述有机酸和无机酸选自盐酸、 氢溴 酸、 硫酸, 磷酸、 甲磺酸、 三氟磺酸、 苯磺酸、 对甲苯磺酸、 1-萘磺酸、 2-萘磺酸、 乙酸, 三氟乙酸、 苹果酸、 酒石酸、 柠檬酸、 乳酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 富马酸、 马来酸, 苯甲酸、 水杨酸、 苯基乙酸或杏仁酸; 和 b)含阳离子的有机和无机碱的酸式盐, 所述阳离子选自碱金属阳离 子、碱土金属阳离子、铵离子、脂族取代的铵离子或芳族取代的铵离子。
本发明用于治疗癌症的药物组合物, 包含式 ω化合物或其药学上可 接受的盐, 和生理上合适的载体。 本发明所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可用于制造抑制
VEGEFR-2等激酶介导的癌性细胞生长和转移的药物的用途。
本发明所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐还可以在制备治疗癌症 疾病药物上的用途。
本发明所述的癌症包括实质癌、 肾癌、 肺癌、 乳腺癌、 肝癌、 卵 巢癌、 胰腺癌、 甲状腺癌、 膀胱癌、 白血病、 腺癌、 黑素瘤、 胃腸癌, 结 肠直肠癌、 内分泌癌、 肾癌、 急性髓样白血病 (AML)、骨髓增生异常综合 征 (MDS)、 間皮癌、 血管肉瘤、 肾上腺皮质腺癌、 子宫内膜癌及神经胶质 瘤等。 尤其治疗有效的癌症是肾癌、 肝癌、 肺癌、 肺癌、 结肠直肠癌、 胃腸癌、 乳腺癌、 胃腸癌及血管肉瘤等。
在本发明内容的上下文中, 除非另外说明, 否则本文中用于描述通 式 化合物的通用术语具有以下含义。
当提及取代基例如垸基、 垸氧基、 垸基胺、 垸硫基等时, 术语 "低 级"表示具有至多 7个且包括最大值 7个、 优选 1至至多 6个且包括最 大值 6个碳原子的基团, 所述基团是无支链的或被支化一次或多次。
低级垸基、 低级垸氧基和带有垸基部分的取代基中的垸基部分优选 CrC6垸基, 例如正丁基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 甲基或乙 基。 除非另外指明, 否则所述的垸基取代基是未取代的或被卤素、羟基、 硝基、 氰基、 低级垸氧基、 C3-C7环垸基、 氨基或单-或二-低级垸基氨基 所取代。
卤素 -低级垸基、 ¾素-低级垸氧基、 ¾素 -低级垸硫基等是指具有垸 基部分、其中垸基部分被 ¾素单取代至完全取代的取代基。 ¾素-低级垸 基、 卤素-低级垸氧基包括在取代的低级垸基、 取代的低级垸氧基之内。
卤素优选氟、 氯、 溴或碘, 更优选氟、 氯或溴, 特别是氟。
苯基一般是未取代的苯基或被 1-5个、 优选 1或 2个取代基取代的 苯基。适当的取代基包括但不限于氨基、单-或二-低级垸基取代的氨基 (其 中低级垸基取代基可以是未取代的或进一步被如上对垸基所列出的那些 取代基所取代:)、 ¾素、低级垸基、取代的低级垸基、羟基、低级垸氧基、 取代的低级垸氧基、硝基、氰基、巯基、低级垸硫基、 卤素-低级垸硫基、 杂环基、 杂芳基、 杂环基垸基、 杂芳基垸基、 低级垸酰基、 氨基甲酰基 和 N-单-或 N, N-二-低级垸基取代的氨基甲酰基, 其中低级垸基取代基 可以是未取代的或被进一步取代。
为苯基的 Rl、 R2和 R3优选未取代的苯基或被一个或多个取代基、 优选至多三个、优选一个取代基取代的苯基。对 Rl、 R2和 R3苯基而言 尤其重要的取代基包括氨基、 单-或二-低级垸基氨基 (其中垸基是未取代 的或被取代的:)、 卤素、低级垸基、取代的低级垸基、羟基、低级垸氧基、 取代的低级垸氧基、 硝基、 氰基、 巯基、 低级垸硫基和取代的低级垸硫 基。
为苯基的 、 和 优选未取代的苯基或被一个或两个相同或不 同的取代基取代的苯基, 所述取代基选自卤素, 优选氟或氯; 低级垸基, 优选甲基、 乙基、 丙基或叔丁基; 卤素 -低级垸基, 优选三氟甲基; 羟基; 低级垸氧基, 优选甲氧基或乙氧基; 卤素-低级垸氧基, 例如三氟甲氧基 或 1, 1, 2, 2-四氟乙氧基; 更优选被一个取代基取代的苯基, 所述取 代基选自未取代的或取代的低级垸基, 优选甲基、 卤素 -低级垸基, 例如 三氟甲基、未取代的或取代的低级垸氧基, 优选甲氧基和卤素-低级垸氧 基, 优选三氟甲氧基。
重要的 R1、R2和 R3苯基包括未取代的苯基和低级垸氧基取代的苯 基, 优选其中低级垸氧基取代的苯基。
杂芳基优选包含 1至 3个选自 N、 0和 S的杂原子的 5至 7元芳族 环。 杂芳基是未取代的或被一个或多个、 优选一个至三个、 例如一个相 同或不同的取代基所取代。 杂芳基上的重要取代基是那些选自以下的取 代基: 卤素, 例如氟或氯; 单-或二-低级垸基取代的氨基, 其中垸基是 未取代的或被卤素、 羟基、 硝基、 氰基、 低级垸氧基、 3- 7环垸基、 杂 环基或杂芳基取代; 低级垸基, 例如甲基或乙基; 卤素 -低级垸基, 例如 三氟甲基; 低级垸氧基, 例如甲氧基或乙氧基; 卤素-低级垸氧基, 例如 三氟甲氧基; 低级垸硫基, 例如甲硫基; 卤素-低级垸硫基, 例如三氟甲 硫基; 杂芳基; 杂芳基-低级亚垸基; 杂环基或杂环基-低级亚垸基。
杂环基优选具有 1或 2个选自氮、 氧和硫的杂原子的五元或六元非 芳族环, 该杂环可以是完全或部分饱和的, 且是未取代的或被取代的, 优选被未取代的或取代的低级垸基所取代。 杂环基包括吗啉代、 硫吗啉 代、 哌啶基、 哌嗪基等。 药学上可接受的盐优选式①化合物的可药用的酸加成盐。 这类盐是 例如通过具有碱性氮原子的式 化合物形成的, 例如酸加成盐, 优选与 有机或无机酸形成的酸加成盐, 优选可药用盐。 合适的无机酸有例如氢 卤酸如盐酸、 硫酸或磷酸。 合适的有机酸有例如羧酸、 膦酸、 磺酸或氨 基磺酸, 例如乙酸、 丙酸、 辛酸、 癸酸、 十二垸酸、 羟基乙酸、 乳酸、 2-羟基丁酸、 葡糖酸、 富马酸、 丁二酸、 己二酸、 庚二酸、 辛二酸、 壬 二酸、 苹果酸、 酒石酸、 柠檬酸、 葡糖二酸、 半乳糖二酸、 氨基酸, 例 如谷氨酸、 天冬氨酸、 N-甲基甘氨酸、 乙酰氨基乙酸、 N-乙酰基天冬酰 胺、 N-乙酰基半胱氨酸、 丙酮酸、 乙酰乙酸、 磷酸丝氨酸、 2-或 3-甘油 磷酸、 马来酸、 羟基马来酸、 甲基马来酸、 环己垸甲酸、 苯甲酸、 水杨 酸、 1-或 3-羟基萘 -2-甲酸、 3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯甲酸、 2-苯氧基苯甲酸、 2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、 4-氨基水杨酸、 邻苯二甲酸、 苯基乙酸、 葡糖醛酸、 半乳糖醛酸、 甲垸-或乙垸-磺酸、 2-羟基乙垸磺酸、 乙垸 -1, 2-二磺酸、 苯磺酸、 2-萘磺酸、 1, 5-萘二磺酸、 N-环己基氨基磺酸、 N-甲基-、 N- 乙基-或 N-丙基 -氨基磺酸, 或其它有机质子酸, 例如抗坏血酸。
本发明涉及用作 VEGER-2等激酶抑制剂的 3-氯-及 3-甲氧基 -N-甲 基 -2-吡啶酰胺化合物化合物, 以及它们用于制备治疗 VEGFR-2等激酶所 介导疾病的药物中的用途。
所述患者为哺乳动物, 一般为人。
本发明的化合物可用于治疗哺乳动物癌症, 优选人类癌症, 包括但 不限于恶性黑素瘤、 结肠直肠癌、 卵巢癌、 乳头状甲状腺癌、 肝癌、 肺 癌、 肾癌、 胰腺癌、 成胶质细胞瘤、 脊髓增殖性疾病、 间皮瘤、 胃腸癌、 乳腺癌及血管肉瘤等。 本发明的化合物也可用于治疗 VEGFR-2等激酶所 介导的炎性疾病,包括类风湿性关节炎、视网膜病 (包括糖尿病性视网膜 神经病和黄斑变性)、 心血管疾病和代谢疾病。 本发明的通式 (I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐具有如上所述的有价 值的药理学性质。
a)有机酸和无机酸的碱式盐, 所述有机酸和无机酸选自盐酸, 氢溴 酸, 硫酸, 磷酸, 甲磺酸, 三氟磺酸, 苯磺酸, 对甲苯磺酸, 1-萘磺酸,
2-萘磺酸, 乙酸, 三氟乙酸, 苹果酸, 酒石酸, 柠檬酸, 乳酸, 草酸, 琥珀酸, 富马酸, 马来酸, 苯甲酸, 水杨酸, 苯基乙酸和杏仁酸; 和 b)含阳离子的有机和无机碱的酸式盐, 所述阳离子选自碱金属阳离 子, 碱土金属阳离子, 铵离子, 脂族取代的铵离子和芳族取代的铵离子。 本发明所述的通式 ω化合物药学上可接受的盐为可药用的酸加成 盐。 这类盐是例如通过具有碱性氮原子的式 ω化合物形成的, 例如酸加 成盐, 优选与有机或无机酸形成的酸加成盐, 尤其是可药用盐。 合适的 无机酸选自盐酸, 氢溴酸, 硫酸, 磷酸等。 合适的有机酸选自羧酸、 膦 酸、 磺酸或氨基磺酸, 例如甲磺酸、 三氟磺酸、 苯磺酸、 对甲苯磺酸、 1-萘磺酸、 2-萘磺酸、 乙酸、 三氟乙酸、 苹果酸、 酒石酸、 柠檬酸、 乳 酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 富马酸、 马来酸, 苯甲酸、 水杨酸、 苯基乙酸、 杏 仁酸、 丙酸、 辛酸、 癸酸、 十二垸酸、 羟基乙酸、 2-羟基丁酸、 葡糖酸、 丁二酸、 己二酸、 庚二酸、 辛二酸、 壬二酸、 葡糖二酸、 半乳糖二酸, 或者氨基酸, 例如谷氨酸、 天冬氨酸、 Ν-甲基甘氨酸、 乙酰氨基乙酸、 Ν-乙酰 基天冬酰胺、 Ν-乙酰基半胱氨酸、 丙酮酸、 乙酰乙酸、 磷酸丝 氨酸、 2-或 3-甘油磷酸、 羟基马来酸、 甲基马来酸、 环己垸甲酸、 1-或
3-羟基萘 -2-甲酸、 3, 4, 5-三甲氧基苯甲酸、 2-苯氧基苯甲酸、 2-乙酰氧 基苯甲酸、 4-氨基水杨酸、 邻苯二甲酸、 苯基乙酸、 葡糖醛酸、 半乳糖 醛酸、 甲垸-或乙垸-磺酸、 2-羟基乙垸磺酸、 乙院 -1, 2-二磺酸、 1, 5- 萘二磺酸、 N-环己基氨基磺酸、 N-甲基-、 N-乙基-或 N-丙基 -氨基磺酸, 或其它有机质子酸, 例如抗坏血酸。
本发明的化合物可以单独施用或与其它抗癌药组合施用, 例如抑制 肿瘤血管生成的化合物, 例如蛋白酶抑制剂、 表皮生长因子受体激酶抑 制剂、 血管内皮生长因子受体激酶抑制剂等; 细胞毒性药物, 例如抗代 谢物, 如嘌呤和嘧啶类似物抗代谢物; 抗有丝分裂药如微管稳定药和抗 有丝分裂生物碱; 铂配位复合物; 抗肿瘤抗生素; 垸化剂, 例如氮芥和 亚硝基脲; 内分泌物, 例如肾上腺类皮质激素类、 雄激素类、 抗雄激素 类、 雌激素类、 抗雌激素类、 芳香酶抑制剂、 促性腺激素释放激素激动 剂和促生长素抑制素类似物, 以及靶向于被过量表达和 /或在其它方面与 肿瘤细胞中被上调的特定代谢通路有关的酶或受体的化合物, 例如 ATP 和 GTP磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、 蛋白激酶抑制剂, 例如丝氨酸、 苏氨酸和酪 氨酸激酶抑制剂, 例如 Abelson蛋白酪氨酸激酶和各种生长因子、 它们 的受体和其激酶抑制剂, 例如表皮生长因子受体激酶抑制剂、 血管内皮 生长因子受体激酶抑制剂、 成纤维细胞生长因子抑制剂、 胰岛素样生长 因子受体抑制剂和血小板衍生生长因子受体激酶抑制剂等; 甲硫氨酸氨 基肽酶抑制剂、 蛋白酶抑制剂、 环加氧酶抑制剂, 例如环加氧酶 -1或 -2 抑制剂, 和组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂。
本发明的化合物还可以与放射疗法、 免疫疗法、 手术治疗或其组合 一起施用。 用于在肿瘤减轻或甚至化学预防治疗后维持患者状态的治疗 (例如在危险中的患者的情况:)也是可能的。
本发明的化合物不仅用于 (预防性地和优选治疗性地:)治疗人, 而且 用于治疗其它温血动物,例如商业上有用的温血动物,例如啮齿类动物, 如 小鼠、 兔或大鼠, 或豚鼠。
本发明还包括包含通式 (I)化合物和生理学上认可的载体的药物组合 本发明化合物可通过注射、 吸入或喷洒或直肠, 经口、 皮肤、 胃肠 外给予, 或以单位制剂剂型给予。 "注射给予"包括静脉、肌内、 皮下和 胃肠外注射, 以及应用输液技术。 皮肤给药包括外用或透皮给予。 一种 或多种化合物可与一种或多种药学上认可的无毒载体, 以及视需要而定 的其他活性成分共存。
口用组合物可按照任何药物组合物制造领域已知的合适方法制备。 为了改善制剂口感, 所述组合物可含一种或多种以下试剂: 稀释剂, 甜 味剂, 香料, 着色剂和防腐剂。 片剂含有活性成分, 它们与药学上认可 的、 适合片剂生产的无毒赋形剂混合。 所述赋形剂例如惰性稀释剂, 例 如碳酸钙, 碳酸钠, 乳糖, 磷酸钙或磷酸钠; 粒化剂和崩解剂, 例如玉 米淀粉或藻酸; 黏合剂, 例如硬脂酸镁, 硬脂酸或滑石粉。 片剂可以没 有包衣, 也可以用已知技术进行包裹, 以延迟其在胃肠道内的崩解与吸 收, 提供长期的持续作用。 例如, 可采用诸如一硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂 酸甘油酯之类延时物质。 所述化合物也可以制成固体, 快释形式。
口服制剂还可以是硬明胶胶囊, 其中的活性成分与例如碳酸钙、 磷 酸钙或高岭土等惰性固体稀释剂相混合, 或者是软明胶胶囊, 其中的活 性成分与水或例如花生油、 液体石蜡或橄榄油等油混合。
也可使用含有活性物质与适合制造水性悬浮液的赋形剂混合的水性 悬浮液。 所述赋形剂是悬浮剂, 例如羧甲基纤维素钠, 甲基纤维素, 羟 基丙基-甲基纤维素, 藻酸钠, 聚乙烯基吡咯垸酮, 西黄蓍胶和阿拉伯 树胶; 分散剂或润湿剂可以是天然磷脂, 例如卵磷脂, 或环氧乙垸与脂 肪酸的缩合产物, 例如硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯, 或环氧乙垸与长链脂肪醇的 缩合产物, 例如十七氧乙烯十六垸醇, 或环氧乙垸与脂肪酸与己糖醇所 成偏酯的缩合产物, 例如单油酸聚氧乙烯山梨醇酯。 水性悬浮液还可含 有一种或多种防腐剂, 例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或正丙酯, 一种或多种着 色剂, 一种或多种香料, 和一种或多种甜味剂, 例如蔗糖或糖精。
适合加水成为水性悬浮液的可分散粉末或颗粒中, 活性成分与分散 剂或润湿剂, 悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂混合。 合适的分散剂或润湿剂 和悬浮剂可以上文所述为例。 还可以含其他赋形剂, 例如甜味剂, 香料 和着色剂。
化合物的形式还可以是非水性液体制剂, 例如油性悬浮液, 这可以 通过将活性成分悬浮在花生油、 橄榄油、 芝麻油或花生油等植物油或诸 如液体石蜡等矿物油中来配制。 该油性悬浮液可含增稠剂, 例如蜂蜡、 硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。 为了改善口感, 可加入上述甜味剂和香料。 所述组合 物可通过添加诸如抗坏血酸等抗氧化剂来保质。
本发明药物组合物的形式还可以是水包油乳液。 油相可以是诸如橄 榄油或花生油等植物油或例如液体蜂蜡等矿物油, 或它们的混合物。 合 适的乳化剂可以是西黄蓍胶和阿拉伯树胶等天然树胶, 或天然磷脂, 例 如大豆卵磷脂或卵磷脂; 脂肪酸与脱水己糖醇形成的偏酯, 例如但油酸 脱水山梨醇酯; 所述偏酯与环氧乙垸的缩合产物, 例如单油酸聚氧乙烯 脱水山梨醇酯。 所述乳液还可含有甜味剂和香料。
也可用例如甘油、 聚丙二醇、 山梨醇或蔗糖等甜味剂配制糖桨和酏 剂。 这类制剂还可含有润药, 防腐剂和香料及着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物以本身已知的方法制备, 例如通过常规的混 合、 制粒、 成型、 溶解或冻干方法制备。
优选使用活性成分的溶液, 另外还可使用混悬液或分散体, 尤其是 等张的水溶液、 分散体或混悬液, 例如在仅含有活性物质或含有活性物 质与载体例如甘露醇的冻干组合物的情况下, 这些剂型可以在使用前制 备。 药物组合物可以被灭菌和 /或包含赋形剂, 例如防腐剂、 稳定剂、 湿 润剂和 /或乳化剂、 增溶剂、 调节渗透压的盐和 /或缓冲剂, 并以本身已 知的方法制备, 例如通过常规的溶解或冻干方法制备。 所述的溶液或混 悬液可以包含 增粘物质例如羧甲基纤维素钠、 羧甲基纤维素、 葡聚糖、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮或明胶或增溶剂例如 Tween 80。
在油中的混悬液包含常规用于注射目的的植物油、 合成油或半合成 油作为油性组分。 可提及的如尤其是液体脂肪酸酯, 其包含具有 8至 22 个、 尤其是 12至 22个碳原子的长链脂肪酸作为酸组分, 例如月桂酸、 十三垸酸、 肉豆蔻酸、 十五垸酸、 棕榈酸、 十七垸酸、 硬脂酸、 花生酸、 二十二垸酸或相应的不饱和酸, 例如油酸、 反油酸、 芥酸、 巴西烯酸或 亚油酸, 任选地加入抗氧化剂, 例如维生素 Ε、 β -胡萝卜素或 3, 5-二- 叔丁基 -4-羟基甲苯。 这些脂肪酸酯的醇组分具有最多 6个碳原子, 为单 -或多-元醇, 例如单-、 二-或三-元醇, 例如甲醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 丁醇或 戊醇或它们的异构体, 但是尤其是乙二醇和甘油。 因此, 可以提及的脂 肪酸酯的例子有: 油酸乙酯、 肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、 棕榈酸异丙酯等, 但是 尤其是植物油, 例如棉子油、 杏仁油、 橄榄油、 芝麻油、 豆油和更尤其 是花生油。
注射组合物的制备在无菌条件下以常规方法进行, 将其引入到例如 安瓿或小瓶中和容器的密封也是在无菌条件下以常规方法进行的。
用于口服施用的药物组合物可以例如通过以下方法获得: 将活性成 分与一种或多种固体载体混合, 将得到的混合物制粒, 如果合适, 将混 合物或颗粒加工 (如果需要, 酌情加入另外的赋形剂:)成片剂或糖衣丸的 心。
合适的载体尤其是填充剂, 例如糖如乳糖、 蔗糖、 甘露醇或山梨糖 醇、 纤维素制品和 /或磷酸钙例如磷酸三钙或磷酸氢钙, 还有粘合剂, 例 如淀粉如玉米、 小麦、 米或马铃薯淀粉、 甲基纤维素、 羟丙基甲基纤维 素、 羧甲 基纤维素钠和 /或聚乙烯吡咯垸酮, 和 /或如果需要, 崩解剂, 例如以上提到的淀粉, 还有羧甲基淀粉、 交联聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、 海藻酸 或其盐, 例如藻酸钠。 另外的赋形剂尤其是流动性调节剂和润滑剂, 例 如硅酸、 滑石粉、 硬脂酸或其盐, 例如硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙, 和 /或聚乙 二醇或其衍生物。
糖衣丸芯可以具有合适的包衣,任选肠溶衣,尤其是使用浓糖溶液, 所述浓糖溶液可以含有阿拉伯胶、 滑石粉、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、 聚乙二醇 和 /或二氧化钛, 或使用在合适有机溶剂或溶剂混合物中的包衣溶液, 或 者对于肠溶衣的制备, 使用合适的纤维素制品的溶液, 例如醋酸纤维素 邻苯二甲酸酯或羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯。 可以向片剂或糖衣丸 包衣中加入着色剂或色素, 例如为了鉴别目的或为了显示活性成分的不 同剂量。
用于口服施用的药物组合物还有硬明胶胶囊和由明胶和增塑剂例如 甘油或山梨醇组成的软密封胶囊。 硬明胶胶囊可以含有颗粒形式的活性 成分, 例如混合有填充剂如玉米淀粉、 粘合剂和 /或助流剂如滑石粉或硬 脂酸镁以及任选地稳定剂的颗粒形式的活性成分。 在软胶囊中, 活性成 分优选溶解或混悬在合适的液体赋形剂中, 例如脂肪油、 石蜡油或液体 聚乙二醇或者乙二醇或丙二醇的脂肪酸酯, 同样可以加入稳定剂和清洁 剂, 例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯类的清洁剂。
合适的可直肠施用的药物组合物有例如栓剂, 其由活性成分与栓剂 基质的混合物组成。 合适的栓剂基质有例如天然或合成的甘油三酯、 链 垸烃、 聚乙二醇或高级链垸醇。
对于胃肠外施用, 尤其适合的是水溶性形式、 例如水溶性盐形式的 活性成分的水性溶液, 或水性注射混悬液, 其包含增粘物质, 例如羧甲 基纤维素钠、 山梨醇和 /或葡聚糖, 以及如果需要, 还含有稳定剂。 任选 地与赋形剂一起的活性成分也可以是冻干物的形式, 其可以在胃肠外施 用前通过加入合适的溶剂被制成溶液。
用于例如胃肠外施用的溶液也可以以输液形式被使用。 优选的防腐 剂有例如抗氧化剂如抗坏血酸或杀微生物剂如山梨酸或苯甲酸。
在本文中所有使用通式 ω化合物的治疗方案中, 每日口服剂量以
0.01-200mg/kg体重为佳。 注射, 包括静脉、 肌内、 皮下和胃肠外注射和 应用输入技术, 的每日剂量以 0.01-200mg/kg体重为佳。 直肠给药的日 剂量以 0.01-200mg/kg体重为佳。 外用的每日剂量以每日 1至 4次, 没 每次 0.1-200mg为佳。 吸入的每日剂量以 0.01-10mg/kg体重为佳。
本领域技术人员将看出, 具体的给药方式取决于多种因素, 这些都 是在常规给药时常考虑的。 然而, 还可以看出, 特定患者的具体剂量取 决于包括所用具体化合物的活性、 患者年龄、 患者体重、 患者总体健康 状况、 患者性别、 患者饮食、 给药时间、 给药途径、 排出速度、 药物组 合和当前所治病情的严重程度等多种因素。 本领域技术人员还将发现, 最佳治疗程式, 即一定天数内的治疗方式和通式 ω化合物或其药学上认 可的盐的日给药次数, 本领域技术人员可用常规治疗试验来确定。
显然, 具体患者的具体记录水平取决于多种因素, 包括所用具体化 合物的活性、 患者年龄、 患者体重、 患者总体健康状况、 患者性别、 患 者饮食、 给药时间、 给药途径、 排出速度、 药物组合和当前所治病情的 严重程度。
本发明化合物可由已知化合物 (或以可由已知化合物制得的原料作 为起始物:), 通过例如后文所述的一般方法来制备。可以后文所述的常用 方法测定各化合物抑制 VEGFR-2激酶的活性。 以下实施例仅作说明, 而 非限定。
Figure imgf000021_0001
述的通用反应流程图制备的。 方案 1
Figure imgf000022_0001
方案 2
Figure imgf000022_0002
Figure imgf000023_0001
部分药理试验方法如下
化合物抑制激酶的体外生物活性通常由其拮抗激酶对外源底物磷酸 化程度来测量 (Zhou S. et al. Nature 1995, 373 : 536-539)。
VEGRF-2体外抑制活性测试(Itokawa T. et al. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2001, 1 : 295-302 )
VEGFR-2为 SF9细胞表达并纯化后得到的的人类重组激酶, 激酶或者 在化合物拮抗下磷酸化底物的反应程度由荧光共振能量转移法
( Fluoresence resonance energy trasnfer, FRET ) 测量。 实验在 384-微孑 L板 上进行, 总体积为 10 ul, 先把样品化合物、 标准化合物、 或水 (对照) 与 VEGFR-2激酶混合在含 Hepes/Tris ( pH7.4 )、 EGTA/Tris、 MgCl2、 DTT、 和 Tween 20的缓冲溶液。 磷酸化反应在加入底物
( Ulight-CAGAGAIETDKEYYTVKD(JAKI ) 和 ATP后开始, 室温下进行 60 分钟后用 EDTA中断反应。 5分钟后, 微孔中加入
Eu-labelled-anti-phospho-PT66 , 60分钟后用酉每标仪 (Envision, Perkin Elmer) 分别测量微孔混合物在波长 337 nM、 620 nM、 及 655 nM的荧光 强度。激酶的活性与 655 nm/620 nM荧光强度成正比,表达为相对于对照 样品 (水) 的百分抑制率, 基底荧光强度从不加激酶的对照微孔读得。 反应 IC5。值由 8到 10个不同浓度的化合物激酶百分抑制率曲线获得, 在该 实验条件下, 标准化合物 staurosporine 的 IC5。为 3.5 nM。 具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式进一步解释或说明本发明内容, 但实施例不 应被理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。 实施例 1
Figure imgf000024_0001
3,4-二氯吡啶 -2-甲酸的制备
-10°C下, 向 TMP ( l.leq)的四氢呋喃溶液中加入 n-BuLi (2.5M的 正己垸溶液, 1.2eq), 0°C下搅拌 30分钟。 冷却至 -78°C, 加入 3,4-二氯 吡啶 (1.5g, lO.lmmol), 搅拌 2小时后通 C02气体, 自然升温至室温, 加 N C1水溶液, 用 EtOAc萃取。 水相用 1M HC1调节 pH=l-2后, 再 用 EtOAc萃取, 合并有机相, 盐水洗涤, MgS04干燥, 减压浓缩得 3,4- 二氯吡啶 -2-甲酸 (0.8g, 40%)
实施例 2
Figure imgf000024_0002
3,4-二氯 -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺的制备
向 3,4-二氯吡啶 -2-甲酸 (0.8g, 4.17mmol) 的二氯甲垸溶液中加入 oxalyl chloride (5 eq), 室温下搅拌 2小时后, 于 40°C下减压浓缩。 产物 用二氯甲垸溶解, 0°C下加入甲胺的四氢呋喃 (3 eq) 溶液, 搅拌 30分 后, 减压浓缩。 产物用硅胶柱 (二氯甲院 /甲醇 =100/1 ) 纯化, 得 3,4- 氯 -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.45g, 56%) 实施例 3
Figure imgf000025_0001
3-氯 -4-(4-氨基苯氧基:) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺的制备
向 4-氨基苯酚 (1.0 eq) 的 DMF溶液中加入 Cs2C03 (1.5 eq), 搅拌 30分钟, 加入 3,4-二氯 -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (150 mg, 0.732 mmol), 室 温下搅拌过夜。分别加入水和 EtOAc,静置分层。水相再用 EtOAc萃取, 合并有机层, 盐水洗涤, MgS04干燥, 减压浓缩得 3-氯 -4-(4-氨基苯氧 基) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.26g, 86%) 实施例 4
Figure imgf000025_0002
3-氯 -4-(3-氨基苯氧基:) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺的制备
向 3-氨基苯酚 (1.0 eq)的 DMF溶液中加入 KOtBu (1.2 eq) , 搅拌 30 分钟, 加入 3,4-二氯 -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (150 mg, 0.732 mmol), 室温 下搅拌过夜。 分别加入水和 EtOAc, 静置分层。 水相再用 EtOAc萃取, 合并有机层, 盐水洗涤, MgS04干燥, 减压浓缩得 3-氯 -4-(3-氨基苯氧 基) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.22g, 82%) 买施例 5
Figure imgf000026_0001
N_(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(4-((3-氯 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧) 苯基:)脲的制备
向 3-氯 -4-(4-氨基苯氧基) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.19g, 0.683 mmol)的二 氯甲垸溶液中加入 4-氯 -3-三氟甲基苯基异氰酸酯 (1.0 eq), 搅拌 1小时, 过滤得 N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(4-((3-氯 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基 )-4-吡啶 基氧)苯基)脲 (0.22g, 63%) ^-NMR CDMSO^): 5=2.56 (s, 3Η), δ=6.82
(d, 2H), δ=7.37 (d, 2H), 5=7.57 (m, 2H), 5=8.06 (s, 1H), 5=8.40
(s, 1H), 5=8.58 (s, 1H), 5=8.79 (s, 2H), 5=9.09 (s, 1H)。 m/e=499.27。 实施例 6
Figure imgf000026_0002
N_(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-((3-(3-氯 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基: )-4-吡啶基氧:) 苯基:)脲的制备
向 3-氯 -4-(3-氨基苯氧基) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.19g, 0.683 mmol) 的二氯甲垸溶液中加入 4-氯 -3-三氟甲基苯基异氰酸酯 (1.0 eq),搅拌 1小 时, 过滤得 N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基:)苯基 -N,-(3-((3-氯 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基:) -4- 吡啶基氧)苯基)脲 (0.15g, 48%)。 ^-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ=2.58 (s, 3Η), δ=6·44 (d, 1Η), δ=7.12 (s, 2Η), δ=7.18 (d, 1Η), δ=7.59 (s, 2Η), δ=8.02 (s, 1Η), δ=8·43 (s, 1Η), δ=8.62 (s, 1Η), δ=8.82 (s, 1Η), δ=8.95 (s, 1Η), δ=9·10 (s, 1Η),。 m/e=499.27。 实施例 7
Figure imgf000027_0001
4-氯 -3-甲氧基 -2-羟甲基吡啶的制备
化合物 8 (10.0 g, 0.098 mmol)加入到乙酸酐 ( 114mL)中, 90。C 搅拌 2小时, 减压蒸出溶剂, 然后加入甲苯(171mL), 再次减压蒸出溶 剂。 产物用甲醇 (114mL) 溶解, 冰浴保温, 搅拌下加入 KOH (28%, 57mL), 自然升温, 室温下搅拌 1小时。 40°C下, 减压浓缩, 然后加水
(300mL), 加二氯甲垸萃取。 有机层用 Na2S04干燥, 减压浓缩, 产物 用硅胶柱纯化 (洗脱剂 PE / EA=10/1 ), 得 4-氯 -3-甲氧基 -2-羟甲基吡啶
(6.8g, 68%)。 实施例 8
Figure imgf000027_0002
4-氯 -3-甲氧基吡啶 -2-甲酸的制备
将 4-氯 -3-甲氧基 -2-羟甲基吡啶 (6.8 g, 0.039 mol)和 KMn04(7.8 g, 0.049 mmol)溶解在 KOH (1.1 %, 420 mL)中, 65°C下搅拌 3小时。 过滤除掉二 氧化锰,滤液用浓盐酸调节 pH=4,得到 4-氯 -3-甲氧基吡啶 -2-甲酸(6.0g, 81.65%)。
实施例 9
Figure imgf000028_0001
4-氯 -3-甲氧基 -N-甲基-吡啶 -2-甲酰胺的制备
向 DMF ( 120mL )中依次加入 4-氯 -3-甲氧基吡啶 -2-甲酸 (3.05 g, 16.3 mmol), EDC.HC1 (3.74 g, 19.5 mmol), HOBT (3.07 g, 22.7 mmol), MeNH2.HCl (1.65 g, 24.4 mmol) 和 TEA (2.14 g, 21.1 mmol), 25°C搅拌 过夜, 减压浓缩。产物用硅胶柱纯化(洗脱剂PE / EA=5 / l ), 得 4-氯 -3- 甲氧基 -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (1.62g, 50%) )。 实施例 10
Figure imgf000028_0002
3-甲氧基 -4-(4-氨基苯氧基:) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺的制备
将 4-氯 -3-甲氧基 -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.7g, 3.49 mmol)和 4-氨基 苯酚 (0.46g, 4.23 mmol)溶于 isopropyl (60 mL)中,然后加入 TFA (20 mL), 85°C搅拌过夜。冷却至室温,减压蒸出溶剂,加入水 (150 mL),用 NaHC03 调节 pH = 7~8。 加 EtOAc萃取, 有机层用 Na2S04干燥, 减压浓缩。 产 物用硅胶柱纯化 (洗脱剂 PE I EA=2 / 1 ), 得 3-甲氧基 -4-(4-氨基苯氧 基) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.1g, 11%) )。 11
Figure imgf000028_0003
3-甲氧基 -4-(3-氨基苯氧基:) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺的制备 将 4-氯 -3-甲氧基 -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.97g, 4.81 mmol)和 3-氨基 苯酚 (0.618 g, 5.66 mmol)溶于 isopropyl (90 mL)中, 然后加入 TFA (30 mL), 85°C搅拌过夜。 冷却至室温, 减压蒸出溶剂, 加入水 (250 mL), 用 NaHC03调节 pH = 7~8。 加 EtOAc萃取, 有机层用 Na2S04干燥, 减 压浓缩。产物用硅胶柱纯化(洗脱剂PE / EA=2 / l ), 得白色固体 3-甲氧 基—4-(3-氨基苯氧基) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.28g, 21.2%) )。 实施例 12
Figure imgf000029_0001
N_(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(4-((3-甲氧基 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基 氧:)苯基:)脲的制备
3-甲氧基 -4-(4-氨基苯氧基) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.21g, 0.95mmol) 和 4-氯 -3-三氟甲基苯基异氰酸酯 (0.273g, l.Ommol) 溶于 二氯甲垸 (40mL) 中, 25°C 搅拌过夜。 减压浓缩, 产物用制备高效液 相色谱纯化得 N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(4-((3-甲氧基 -2-甲基氨基甲 酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基)脲 (0.047g, 10%)。 ^-NMR (CDC13): δ=3.00 (d, 3Η), δ=4·03 (s, 3Η), δ=6·84 (s, 1Η), δ=7.12 (d, 1Η), δ=7.23 (d, 3Η), δ=7.30 (d, 2Η), δ=7.48 (d, 1Η), δ=7.65 (d, 1Η), δ=7.86 (s, 1Η), δ=7.91 (d, 1Η), δ=7.99 (d, 1Η)。 m/e=494.9。 实施例 13
Figure imgf000030_0001
N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-((3-(3-甲氧基 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基 氧:)苯基:)脲的制备
3-甲氧基 -4-(3-氨基苯氧基) -N-甲基 -吡啶 -2-甲酰胺 (0.221g, O.lmmol) 和 4-氯 -3-三氟甲基苯基异氰酸酯 (0.273g, l.Ommol ) 溶于二氯甲垸 (40mL) 中, 25°C 搅拌过夜。 减压浓缩, 产物用制备高效液相色谱纯 化得 N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(3-((3-甲氧基 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡 啶基氧)苯基)脲 (0.07g, 14%)。 ^-NMR (CDC13) : δ=3·01 (d, 3Η), δ=4·00 (s, 3Η), δ=6.93 (m, 2Η), δ=7.10 (m, 3Η), δ=7.39 (m, 1Η), δ=7.45 (d, 1Η), δ=7.65 (d, 2Η), δ=7.88 (d, 1Η), δ=7.92 (d, 1Η), δ=8·00 (d, 1Η) ο m/e=494.9o 上述各实施例中化合物对 VEGFR2的 IC50在 20-200nM之间,其中 实施例 12的化合物的 IC50值为 20nM。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
Figure imgf000031_0001
式 (I)
其中:
A选自氯或甲氧基;
、 R2和 R3选自卤素、 氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 甲氧基、 三氟甲氧基、 取 代或未取代的 C1-C6直链、 C1-C6支链垸基、 C3-C7环垸基、 C6-C10芳基、 C6-C10 杂芳基或含有一个或多个选自 N、 S、 O原子的 C6-C10杂环基;
所述取代基选自氨基、 卤素、 C1-C6垸基、 羟基、 C1-C6垸氧基、 硝基、 氰 基、 巯基、 C1-C6垸硫基、 卤素 -C1-C6垸硫基、 杂环基、 杂芳基、 杂环基垸基、 杂芳基 C1-C6垸基、 C1-C6垸酰基或氨基甲酰基。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的式 (I) (Π)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐, 其特征 在于卤素选自氟、 氯、 溴或碘。
3、 下述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(4-((3-氯 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基)脲; N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-((3-(3-氯 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基)脲; N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-(4-((3-甲氧基 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基 脲;
N-(4-氯 -3-三氟甲基)苯基 -N,-((3-(3-甲氧基 -2-甲基氨基甲酰基) -4-吡啶基氧)苯基 脲。
4、根据权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物,它是式 (I) (Π)化合物药学上可 接受的盐, 选自:
a)有机酸和无机酸的碱式盐,所述有机酸和无机酸选自盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸, 磷酸、 甲磺酸、 三氟磺酸、 苯磺酸、 对甲苯磺酸、 1-萘磺酸、 2-萘磺酸、 乙酸, 三氟乙酸、 苹果酸、 酒石酸、 柠檬酸、 乳酸、 草酸、 琥珀酸、 富马酸、 马来酸, 苯甲酸、 水杨酸、 苯基乙酸或杏仁酸; 和
b)含阳离子的有机和无机碱的酸式盐, 所述阳离子选自碱金属阳离子、碱土 金属阳离子、 铵离子、 脂族取代的铵离子或芳族取代的铵离子。
5、 用于治疗癌症的药物组合物, 包含权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物 或其药学上可接受的盐, 和生理上合适的载体。
6、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制造抑 制 VEGFR-2等激酶介导疾病的药物的用途。
7、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制造抑 制 VEGFR-2等激酶介导的癌性细胞生长和转移的药物的用途。
8、 权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗 癌症疾病药物上的用途。
9、 权利要求 8所述的用途, 其中所述的癌症是实质癌、 肾癌、 肺癌、 乳腺 癌、 肝癌、 卵巢癌、 胰腺癌、 甲状腺癌、 膀胱癌、 白血病、 腺癌、 黑素瘤、 胃 腸癌, 结肠直肠癌、 内分泌癌、 肾癌、 急性髓样白血病 (AML)、 骨髓增生异常综 合征 (MDS)、 間皮癌、 血管肉瘤、 肾上腺皮质腺癌、 子宫内膜癌及神经胶质瘤。
10、 权利要求 8所述的用途, 其中所述癌症是肾癌、 肝癌、 肺癌、 肺癌、 结肠直肠癌、 胃肠癌、 乳腺癌、 胃肠癌及血管肉瘤。
PCT/CN2012/081293 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 3-氯-及3-甲氧基-n-甲基-2-吡啶酰胺化合物及其作为抗癌药物的应用 WO2014040242A1 (zh)

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