WO2014037959A1 - A fluidized bed reactor for treatment of waste water - Google Patents

A fluidized bed reactor for treatment of waste water Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014037959A1
WO2014037959A1 PCT/IN2013/000069 IN2013000069W WO2014037959A1 WO 2014037959 A1 WO2014037959 A1 WO 2014037959A1 IN 2013000069 W IN2013000069 W IN 2013000069W WO 2014037959 A1 WO2014037959 A1 WO 2014037959A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
reactor
pipe
triangular
compressed air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2013/000069
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ganesan SEKARAN
Sekar KARTHIKEYAN
Ramasamy BOOPATHY
Asit Baran MANDAL
Original Assignee
Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research filed Critical Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research
Priority to AP2015008321A priority Critical patent/AP2015008321A0/en
Priority to MYPI2015700639A priority patent/MY193196A/en
Publication of WO2014037959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014037959A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/08—Aerobic processes using moving contact bodies
    • C02F3/085—Fluidized beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
    • C02F3/106—Carbonaceous materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • This present invention relates to a novel fluidized bed reactor for the treatment of waste water. More particularly, the present invention provides a new design of low sludge producing reactor for the purification of domestic and industrial wastewater.
  • This reactor of the present invention is expected to solve the problem of environmental pollution arising out of the wastewater discharge from various industries in an effective way and minimum land space is enough to accommodate this device.
  • the fast growing urban population and industrialization generates large volume of wastewater. This large quantity of wastewater has to be treated before it is being discharged into the environment to meet the permissible limit.
  • the conventional technology methods comprised of screening, equalization tank, primary clarification, anaerobic biological system, aerobic biological system and tertiary treatment.
  • the conventional treatments possess certain features such as huge land requirement, high electrical energy requirement, high sludge generation etc.
  • Some of these shortcomings of huge land requirement and high electrical energy were overcome by chemo Autotrophic activated Carbon oxidation (CAACO).
  • the CAACO reactor consists of packed bed mesoporous activated carbon catalyst with the sample collection gravel packing design; which consisted of a layer of gravel (5mm) to a depth equal to 30 cm from the bottom of the reactor.
  • the header and laterals positioned at the gravel packing medium to collect the treated water.
  • the void space in the gravels at the bottom facilitates the good filtration of treated water.
  • the header has a diameter of 10mm and laterals of diameter 5mm.
  • the laterals were perforated with 0.8mm diameter holes.
  • the reactor was filled with mesoporous activated carbon immobilized with Bacillus sp. isolated from a facultative lagoon to a bed height of 1.2m. Based on the recipe used for cell immobilization described above, the initial biomass concentration was 1.87g/L of reactive (void) volume.
  • the oxygen required for the oxidation of organics in wastewater was supplied in the form of compressed air at a pressure of 0.6 kg/cm 2 through an air diffuser placed at the bottom of the carbon bed.
  • the sand filtered sewage was distributed onto the surface of the carbon bed via a PVC pipe (10mm) perforated with 10mm diameter hole.
  • the sand filtered sewage was fed to the PVC distributor using a pump.
  • the wastewater temperature was maintained at 30 ⁇ 1°C in order to minimize the change in water quality by thermostat.
  • the treated sewage was drained off from the base of the filter through a 10mm wide slit which was open to atmosphere.
  • the CAACO reactor had a drawback with water filtration to drain the treated water. After a certain cycle of operation, the filtration to drain the treated water was not operatable. This was due to the clogging of the filtration port with the packed bed material with the waste water contaminates. This has posed a major challenge to the waste water treatment system.
  • the main objective of the invention is to provide a novel fluidized bed reactor for treatment of waste water that obviates the limitations as mentioned above.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to reduce the odor of the wastewater.
  • Still another objective of the present invention is to avoid the more land usage for the treatment of wastewater. Still another objective of this present invention is to minimize the man power handling towards the treatment of waste water.
  • Figure 1 represents the assembly and pats of the device of the present invention. Different parts of figure 1 are as follows:
  • the present invention relates to a novel fluidized bed reactor consisting of an open vessel (1), with a well grounded square horizontal plane made to square shaped reactor with the 4 column of vertical members (2), the horizontally extended triangular shaped hopper (3) extended to the two adjacent vertical column frame (2) and top side being fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), the said hopper zone (3) provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed, the said vessel (1) being additionally provided with a perforated pipe (6) being connected with the wastewater source at the one end and the other side of the pipe closed, the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump (20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed, the perforation (22) being provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward, the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) passing through the vessel, the both ends of
  • the material used for the fabrication of the four vertical frames may be RCC, Fiber reinforced plastic, molded structure.
  • the material used for the triangular hopper at the bottom of the reactor may be of RCC, stainless steel, molded frame.
  • the material for fabrication of triangular air deflector beam and the air collecting compartment material may be Fiber reinforced plastic, molded plastic.
  • the present invention relates to a novel reactor consisting of an open vessel (1) with a well grounded square horizontal plane made to square shaped reactor with the 4 column of vertical members (2), the horizontally extended triangular shaped hopper (3) extended to the two adjacent vertical column frame (2) and top side is being fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed.
  • the compressed air being bubbled through perforated holes of pipelines (4 & 5) into the vessel (1) for the supply of oxygen required for organism growth and to make complete mixing of wastewater inside the vessel (1).
  • the perforated pipelines (4 & 5) are fixed in the walls of the vessel (1) through single wall flange.
  • the said vessel (1) being additionally provided with a perforated pipe (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the perforated pipe line of (6) is fixed in the walls of the vessel (1) through single wall flange.
  • the wastewater is being fed into vessel (1) through the perforated pipe (6) using pump.
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 5-25° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump (20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed.
  • the perforation (22) holes with a diameter of 1/5 to l/30 th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward.
  • the sludge draining pipe (7) is fixed in the walls of the vessel (1) through single wall flange.
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) passing through the vessel, and both the ends of the triangular deflector (8) fixed onto the walls of the vessel (1).
  • L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) are being provided above to the triangular air deflector (8). This is passed through the vessel such that it touches the opposite faces of the vessel.
  • the wastewater is being brought into the vessel through pipeline (6) and mixed with mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), which is fluidized by the compressed air drawn into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5).
  • the excess compressed air is being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18).
  • the resulting water being led to the settling chambers (12, 13 & 14), comprising of plurality of compartments through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1).
  • the nozzle (11) connects the vessel (1) and the settling chambers.
  • the said settling chamber is being fixed on one side of the vessel (1) externally.
  • the settled mesoporous activated carbon in the settling chambers (12 & 14) is being fed back into the vessel (1) through another pipe (10 & 11).
  • the treated water being collected through pipelines (15 & 16) connected to the final compartment of the settling chamber (14).
  • the mesoporous activated carbon catalyst is being introduced into the vessel (1) through the manhole.
  • the manhole is fixed to the vessel (1) through single wall flange.
  • the invention relates to a novel reactor for the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater with the porous matrix material which previously immobilized with bacteria for the degradation of organics in wastewater which is fluidized by compressed air at 0.6 kg/cm 2 .
  • the present invention also has the advantage that the startup period of the reactor is within 7 days.
  • the sludge generation only 3 g/m 3 and the porous carrier material used is only about l/10 th volume of the reactor.
  • the inventiveness of the present invention lies not only in providing sludge drain system and the escaped air is filtered through an odor removal column for controlling odor nuisances.
  • the device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed.
  • the said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1).
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 25° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump (20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed.
  • the perforation (22) holes with a diameter, of l/5 th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward.
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 20° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 50" being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 20 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18).
  • the resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1).
  • the said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14).
  • the drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 423.43 g.
  • the device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed.
  • the said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1).
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 20° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
  • the perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/5 th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward.
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 40° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 50° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 23 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18
  • the resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1).
  • the said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14).
  • the drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 452.53 g.
  • the device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed.
  • the said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1).
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 15° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
  • the perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/20 th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward.
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 46° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 50° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 25 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18
  • the resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1).
  • the said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14).
  • the drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 409.94 g.
  • the device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed.
  • the said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1).
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 10° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
  • the perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/10 th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward.
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 46° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 60° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 26 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18
  • the resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1).
  • the said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14).
  • the drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 359.76 g.
  • the device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed.
  • the said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1).
  • the said vessel, (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 5° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
  • the perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/30 th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward.
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 46° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 60° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 26 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column
  • the resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1).
  • the said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14).
  • the drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 333.43 g.
  • the device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed.
  • the said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1).
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 5° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
  • the perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/10 h of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward.
  • the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 46° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 60° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 26 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18
  • the resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1).
  • the said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14).
  • the drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 388.98 g.
  • the present invention reactor provides an option to treat various kind of waste water with very less sludge production in an odor free treatment system.
  • the hydraulic retention time for the present device is very minimum than the other conventional treatment methods.

Abstract

A fluidized bed reactor consisting of an open vessel (1), with a well grounded square horizontal plane made to square shaped reactor with the 4 column of vertical members (2), the horizontally extended triangular shaped hopper (3) extended to the two adjacent vertical column frame (2) and top side being fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), the said hopper zone (3) provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1), the said vessel (1) being additionally provided with a perforated pipe (6) being connected with the wastewater source at the one end, the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump (20) for sludge drain (21), the perforation (22) being provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward, the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) passing through the vessel, the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector (5) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) passing through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8), the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipeline (6) and mixed with mesoporous activated carbon being fed into the vessel (1) through manhole (19).

Description

A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER
Field of the invention
This present invention relates to a novel fluidized bed reactor for the treatment of waste water. More particularly, the present invention provides a new design of low sludge producing reactor for the purification of domestic and industrial wastewater. This reactor of the present invention is expected to solve the problem of environmental pollution arising out of the wastewater discharge from various industries in an effective way and minimum land space is enough to accommodate this device.
Background of the invention
The fast growing urban population and industrialization generates large volume of wastewater. This large quantity of wastewater has to be treated before it is being discharged into the environment to meet the permissible limit. The conventional technology methods comprised of screening, equalization tank, primary clarification, anaerobic biological system, aerobic biological system and tertiary treatment. The conventional treatments possess certain features such as huge land requirement, high electrical energy requirement, high sludge generation etc. Some of these shortcomings of huge land requirement and high electrical energy were overcome by chemo Autotrophic activated Carbon oxidation (CAACO). The CAACO reactor consists of packed bed mesoporous activated carbon catalyst with the sample collection gravel packing design; which consisted of a layer of gravel (5mm) to a depth equal to 30 cm from the bottom of the reactor. This is followed by a layer of gravel (3 mm) to a depth equal 15 cm. This was followed by a layer of coarse sand (1mm) to a depth of 25 cm. The header and laterals positioned at the gravel packing medium to collect the treated water. The void space in the gravels at the bottom facilitates the good filtration of treated water. The header has a diameter of 10mm and laterals of diameter 5mm. The laterals were perforated with 0.8mm diameter holes. The reactor was filled with mesoporous activated carbon immobilized with Bacillus sp. isolated from a facultative lagoon to a bed height of 1.2m. Based on the recipe used for cell immobilization described above, the initial biomass concentration was 1.87g/L of reactive (void) volume. The oxygen required for the oxidation of organics in wastewater was supplied in the form of compressed air at a pressure of 0.6 kg/cm2 through an air diffuser placed at the bottom of the carbon bed. The sand filtered sewage was distributed onto the surface of the carbon bed via a PVC pipe (10mm) perforated with 10mm diameter hole. The sand filtered sewage was fed to the PVC distributor using a pump. The wastewater temperature was maintained at 30±1°C in order to minimize the change in water quality by thermostat. The treated sewage was drained off from the base of the filter through a 10mm wide slit which was open to atmosphere.
The CAACO reactor had a drawback with water filtration to drain the treated water. After a certain cycle of operation, the filtration to drain the treated water was not operatable. This was due to the clogging of the filtration port with the packed bed material with the waste water contaminates. This has posed a major challenge to the waste water treatment system.
Reference may be made to a process for recovery of salt from salt laden waste water (Indian Patent application no. 317/DEL/2004) was done by using a packed bed mesoporous activated carbon; with a salt recovery of 70 % (w/v). The major limitation of this process was that the packed bed outlet line was clogged with the crystallization of salt. The exiting wastewater treatment processes are always found to be producing high sludge volume, requiring more hydraulic retention time. Moreover, they need more land space thereby implying the requirement of more manpower to operate the system. Another limitation of the existing water treatment processes is the generation of foul odor that pollutes the surroundings.
Objects of the invention
The main objective of the invention is to provide a novel fluidized bed reactor for treatment of waste water that obviates the limitations as mentioned above. Another objective of the present invention is to reduce the odor of the wastewater.
Still another objective of the present invention is to avoid the more land usage for the treatment of wastewater. Still another objective of this present invention is to minimize the man power handling towards the treatment of waste water.
Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 represents the assembly and pats of the device of the present invention. Different parts of figure 1 are as follows:
1. refers to the reactor vessel
2. refers to the vertical column members as a wall of the reactor vessel
3. refers to the triangular hopper bottom of the reactor vessel
4. refers to the compressed air distributor perforated pipeline -I
5. refers to the compressed air distributor perforated pipeline-ll
6. refers to the perforated pipeline for waste water inlet
7. refers to the perforated pipeline for sludge drain with pump (20)
8. refers to the triangular air deflector beam
9. refers to the air collecting compartment (left side)
10. refers to the air collecting compartment (right side)
11. refers to the outlet line for the treated water
12. refers to the settler chamber-l
13. refers to the settler chamber-ll
14. refers to the settler chamber-Ill
15. refers to the sludge drain line of settling chamber 12
16. refers to the sludge drain line of settling chamber 14
17. refers to the treated water outlet line
18. Odor removal column
19. Manhole
20. Pump
21. Sludge drain line
22. Perforation 23. Air compressor Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a novel fluidized bed reactor consisting of an open vessel (1), with a well grounded square horizontal plane made to square shaped reactor with the 4 column of vertical members (2), the horizontally extended triangular shaped hopper (3) extended to the two adjacent vertical column frame (2) and top side being fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), the said hopper zone (3) provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed, the said vessel (1) being additionally provided with a perforated pipe (6) being connected with the wastewater source at the one end and the other side of the pipe closed, the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump (20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed, the perforation (22) being provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward, the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) passing through the vessel, the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector (5) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) passing through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8), the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipeline (6) and mixed with mesoporous activated carbon being fed into the vessel (1) through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed into odor removal column (18), the resulting water being led to the settler comprising of plurality of chambers (12, 13 & 14), through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1), the said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon settled in the settling chamber is being led back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14). In an embodiment of the present invention, the control system for the compressed air supply to the fluidized reactor may be manual, pneumatic.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the material used for the fabrication of the four vertical frames may be RCC, Fiber reinforced plastic, molded structure.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the material used for the triangular hopper at the bottom of the reactor may be of RCC, stainless steel, molded frame.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the material for fabrication of triangular air deflector beam and the air collecting compartment material may be Fiber reinforced plastic, molded plastic.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention relates to a novel reactor consisting of an open vessel (1) with a well grounded square horizontal plane made to square shaped reactor with the 4 column of vertical members (2), the horizontally extended triangular shaped hopper (3) extended to the two adjacent vertical column frame (2) and top side is being fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed. The compressed air being bubbled through perforated holes of pipelines (4 & 5) into the vessel (1) for the supply of oxygen required for organism growth and to make complete mixing of wastewater inside the vessel (1). The perforated pipelines (4 & 5) are fixed in the walls of the vessel (1) through single wall flange. The said vessel (1) being additionally provided with a perforated pipe (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the perforated pipe line of (6) is fixed in the walls of the vessel (1) through single wall flange. The wastewater is being fed into vessel (1) through the perforated pipe (6) using pump. The said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 5-25° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump (20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed. The perforation (22) holes with a diameter of 1/5 to l/30th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward. After the reactor was run for a considerable period of time, the excess sludge generated in the vessel (1) being drained through the perforated pipe (7). The sludge draining pipe (7) is fixed in the walls of the vessel (1) through single wall flange. The said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) passing through the vessel, and both the ends of the triangular deflector (8) fixed onto the walls of the vessel (1). Above to the triangular air deflector (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) are being provided. This is passed through the vessel such that it touches the opposite faces of the vessel. The wastewater is being brought into the vessel through pipeline (6) and mixed with mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), which is fluidized by the compressed air drawn into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5). The excess compressed air is being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18). The resulting water being led to the settling chambers (12, 13 & 14), comprising of plurality of compartments through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1). The nozzle (11) connects the vessel (1) and the settling chambers. The said settling chamber is being fixed on one side of the vessel (1) externally. The settled mesoporous activated carbon in the settling chambers (12 & 14) is being fed back into the vessel (1) through another pipe (10 & 11). The treated water being collected through pipelines (15 & 16) connected to the final compartment of the settling chamber (14). The mesoporous activated carbon catalyst is being introduced into the vessel (1) through the manhole. The manhole is fixed to the vessel (1) through single wall flange.
The invention relates to a novel reactor for the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater with the porous matrix material which previously immobilized with bacteria for the degradation of organics in wastewater which is fluidized by compressed air at 0.6 kg/cm2. The present invention also has the advantage that the startup period of the reactor is within 7 days. The sludge generation only 3 g/m3 and the porous carrier material used is only about l/10th volume of the reactor. The inventiveness of the present invention lies not only in providing sludge drain system and the escaped air is filtered through an odor removal column for controlling odor nuisances.
The following examples are given by way of illustration only and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed. The said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1). The said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 25° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump (20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed. The perforation (22) holes with a diameter, of l/5th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward. The said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 20° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 50" being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 20 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18). The resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1). The said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14). The drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 423.43 g.
Example 2
The device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed. The said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1). The said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 20° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
(20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed. The perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/5th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward. The said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 40° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 50° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 23 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18). The resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1). The said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14). The drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 452.53 g.
Example 3
The device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed. The said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1). The said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 15° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
(20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed. The perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/20th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward. The said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 46° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 50° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 25 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18). The resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1). The said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14). The drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 409.94 g.
Example 4
The device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed. The said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1). The said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 10° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
(20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed. The perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/10th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward. The said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 46° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 60° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 26 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18). The resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1). The said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14). The drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 359.76 g.
Example 5
The device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed. The said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1). The said vessel, (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 5° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
(20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed. The perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/30th of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward. The said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 46° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 60° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 26 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18). The resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1). The said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14). The drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 333.43 g.
Example 6
The device was fabricated with a specification as follows, which consists of an square shape open vessel (1) with a side length of 400cm and hopper bottom (3), the said hopper zone has provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed. The said vessel (1) is being additionally provided with a perforated pipeline (6) being connected with the wastewater source in one end, the said pipe being passed through the vessel (1). The said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) with a diameter of 1 to 2 times higher of wastewater inlet line (6) at an inclination angle of 5° passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump
(20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed. The perforation (22) holes with a diameter of l/10 h of pipe diameter are provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward. The said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) with an inclination angle of 46° passing through the vessel, and the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam (8) fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector beam (8) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) with an inclination angle of 60° being provided which is being passed through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8) the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipe (6) and mixed with 26 g per liter water source of mesoporous activated carbon catalyst fed through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed through the odor removal column (18). The resulting water being led to the settling chamber, comprising of plurality of compartments (12, 13 & 14) through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1). The said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon in the settler is being fed back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14). The drained sludge through pipe (7) was observed to be 388.98 g.
Advantages
The main advantages of the present invention are the following:
1. The present invention reactor provides an option to treat various kind of waste water with very less sludge production in an odor free treatment system.
2. The required man power to operate this invented device is much less than the conventional treatment processes.
3. The minimum land space is required than the other conventional plant.
4. The hydraulic retention time for the present device is very minimum than the other conventional treatment methods.

Claims

1. A novel fluidized bed reactor consisting of an open vessel (1), with a well grounded square horizontal plane made to square shaped reactor with the 4 column of vertical members (2), the horizontally extended triangular shaped hopper (3) extended to the two adjacent vertical column frame (2) and top side being fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), the said hopper zone (3) provided with two level of compressed air distributors (4 & 5), the one end of the pipe connected to the compressed air source (23), the pipe being passed through the vessel (1) and the other side of the pipe closed, the said vessel (1) being additionally provided with a perforated pipe (6) being connected with the wastewater source at the one end and the other side of the pipe closed, the said vessel (1) being provided with another perforated pipeline (7) passing through the reactor vessel; the one end of the pipeline connected to pump (20) for sludge drain (21) and other end closed, the perforation (22) being provided inside the reactor vessel zone by facing downward, the said vessel (1) being provided with a triangular air deflector beam (8) passing through the vessel, the both ends of the triangular air deflector beam fixed on the wall of the vessel (1), and above to the triangular air deflector (5) L-shaped air collecting compartments (9 & 10) passing through the vessel parallel to the triangular air deflector beam (8), the wastewater being brought into the vessel through perforated pipeline (6) and mixed with mesoporous activated carbon being fed into the vessel (1) through manhole (19), on release of compressed air into the vessel through perforated pipelines (4 & 5), the excess compressed air being collected at the air collecting compartments (9 & 10) and led back to the atmosphere after being passed into odor removal column (18), the resulting water being led to the settler comprising of plurality of chambers (12, 13 & 14), through nozzle (11) provided in the vessel (1), the said settler being fixed at one side of the vessel (1) externally, the escaped mesoporous activated carbon settled in the settling chamber is being led back into the vessel through another pipe (15 & 16), the treated water being collected through a pipe (17) connected to the final chamber of the settler (14).
2. A novel fluidized reactor, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the carrier matrix used is the mesoporous activated carbon with surface area 212 m2/g-
3. A novel fluidized reactor, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the carrier matrix used is the mesoporous activated carbon of density 0.32 g/cm3.
4. A novel fluidized reactor, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the control system for the compressed air supply to the fluidized reactor is manual, pneumatic.
5. A novel fluidized reactor, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the material used for the fabrication of the four vertical frames is RCC, Fiber reinforced plastic, molded structure.
6. A novel fluidized reactor, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the material used for the triangular hopper at the bottom of the reactor is RCC, stainless steel, molded frame.
7. A novel fluidized reactor, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the material for fabrication of triangular air deflector beam and the air collecting compartment material is Fiber reinforced plastic, molded plastic.
8. A novel fluidized bed reactor for treatment of waste water, as herein described with reference to the examples and the drawing accompanying the specification.
PCT/IN2013/000069 2012-09-04 2013-02-01 A fluidized bed reactor for treatment of waste water WO2014037959A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2357488A2 (en) * 1976-07-06 1978-02-03 Tymoszczuk Jerzy Waste water purificn. by activated sludge and biological filter - eliminates prim. and sec. clarifiers and sludge handling
US4080287A (en) * 1976-10-20 1978-03-21 Union Carbide Corporation Activated carbon treatment of oxygenated wastewater
DE19644457A1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-04-30 Sam Kwang Aqua Clear Inc Granular carrier for treating waste water or waste water, process for its production and device for treating dirty water or waste water using the granular carrier
US20090045135A1 (en) * 2007-08-18 2009-02-19 Khudenko Engineering, Inc. Method for water filtration

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2357488A2 (en) * 1976-07-06 1978-02-03 Tymoszczuk Jerzy Waste water purificn. by activated sludge and biological filter - eliminates prim. and sec. clarifiers and sludge handling
US4080287A (en) * 1976-10-20 1978-03-21 Union Carbide Corporation Activated carbon treatment of oxygenated wastewater
DE19644457A1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-04-30 Sam Kwang Aqua Clear Inc Granular carrier for treating waste water or waste water, process for its production and device for treating dirty water or waste water using the granular carrier
US20090045135A1 (en) * 2007-08-18 2009-02-19 Khudenko Engineering, Inc. Method for water filtration

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