A kind of method of aeration biological filter bed and sewage advanced processing
Technical field
The present invention relates to water treatment field, what be specifically related to is the degree of depth biological treatment treating plant of pollutent in a kind of water body, the invention still further relates to the degree of depth biological treatment purifying method of water pollutant.
Background technology
The advanced treatment of sewage is being played the part of very important role in city and industrial sewage Treatment for Reuse.After traditional biological treatment, advanced treatment is used to remove extra pollutent, a particulate metal and other objectionable constituent.Present existing deep treatment method comprises materialization or biochemical methods such as media filtration, absorption, membrane technique, advanced oxidation and sterilization, but has big, the problems such as floor space is big, running cost height of investment, limits its application and development.
Biochemical advanced treatment method for sewage water commonly used has advanced oxidation processes, wet oxidation process, supercritical water oxidation method, photochemical catalysis oxidation style, ozone method.Ozone is to have extremely strong oxidisability, and many organism or functional group are reacted, and can improve water quality effectively, can also reduce delivery turbidity, plays good throwing out, improves and filters filtering velocity or prolong filtration cycle.But,,, promote difficult so working cost is too high because domestic ozone generation technology and technology are relatively backward.When handling low concentration wastewater, because concentration of substrate is lower, there are high, the problems such as effect is bad, effluent quality fluctuation, running maintenance complicacy of investment in biochemical process.
The method of materialization such as active carbon adsorption add that dose is big, running cost is high, and sludge quantity big, be prone to secondary pollution.Adopt embrane method to handle to overcome that sludge quantity is big, secondary pollution problems, but investment is big, working cost is high, the difficult control of operation.
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and biofilm aeration filter tank (BAF) are advanced treatment of wastewater new technologies comparatively commonly used in recent years.MBR technology stable water outlet, water quality is good, but operation is complicated, it is inconvenient to safeguard, investment is high.
MBR is water after water inlet is for the Sewage Plant fine fack, and the water outlet effect can reach one-level A standard.Reach one-level A water outlet MBR equally than the high 20%-30% of common process gross investment, water outlet is effective and stable, and floor space is little more than 30%.But the replacement cost of membrane module is high, and especially the water yield is big more, and the proportion that the investment of membrane module accounts for gross investment is also big more.Equipment later stage running maintenance labour intensity is big, needs hand labor during cleaning, and is cumbersome, and subject matter is that film is polluted, and need change.
Traditional BAF technology requires height to influent quality, and as having fibrous material and backwash sludge yield big in the water, the operation operation is trouble comparatively, starts comparatively complicacy, takes effect and waits characteristics slowly.A large amount of research both at home and abroad shows that ADSORPTION IN A FIXED BED is a kind of technology of pollutant purification efficiently, but literature search shows, does not also adopt differential fiber fixed bed biotechnology sewage to be carried out the method for biochemical purification.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that 1, will solve
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of aeration fiber biological filter bed, for advanced treatment of wastewater, middle sewage of low concentration handle find a kind of investment little, effective, take up an area of little, operation power little (resistance is little), operation scheme flexibly, start fast a kind of treatment facility, technology and method.
The further goal of the invention of the present invention is to solve existing biofilms aerating filter (BAF) blockage problem and maintenance maintenance problem, makes that the operation of this equipment debugging is easy.
A kind of method of using the in-depth of aeration fiber biological filter bed to dispose of sewage is provided in addition, and the operation operation is simple.
2, technical scheme
A kind of aeration biological filter bed; From bottom to top comprise gas distribution facility, cloth drainage facility, filler fixation means, filler successively, go out drainage facility; The cloth drainage facility comprises two water distribution boards up and down; Last water distribution board adopts special warp to calculate special-purpose porous plate that examine, verification experimental verification and fixing with following water distribution board, and described filler is a fibrous packing.
The present invention is through fibrous packing and supporting water distribution thereof, gas distribution facility and porous plate up and down; Realization the object of the invention; It is a kind of aeration fiber biological filter bed (FBAF); The porous plate of this bacteria bed is that knowledge such as utilization hydromechanics etc. combines water inlet to process through design calculation, has water distribution, gas distribution, anti-clogging plug function simultaneously.
Described gas distribution facility is provided with the perforation micro-hole aerator.
Described fibrous packing comprises the differential fiber filler.
Described differential fiber filler comprises hydrophilically modified filler, puffing modified filler, adsorptivity modified filler and enzymatic property modified filler.
The FBAF aerator need not overhaul and safeguard: equipment need not the single hole aerator, and its proprietary micro-pore aeration service life of equipment is long, can be for 20~30 years, and non-maintaining throughout one's life, there are not the obstruction and the maintenance issues of aerator.
The method of pollutent in a kind of aeration fiber biological filter bed deep purifying water body, step does
(A) fibrous packing is processed 2~10 meters high;
(B) carry out microorganism colonization;
(C) startup is aeration biological filter bed, regulates GWR, and aqueous vapor is at device interior process filler and gas distribution cloth drainage facility;
The biochemical waste water that need are handled gets into down water distribution board through aeration biological filter bed through the cloth drainage facility successively, and following porous plate with the filler reaction, gets into out drainage facility through last porous plate, discharge again.
(D) back flushing.
FBAF controls simply: equipment is owing to creatively adopt fibrous packing, and its control is very simple, as long as design, make and be guaranteed; Only need just can hang film debugging, operation to the simple control of gas water inlet GWR during debugging, not need other complicacy control basically, simple artificial setting can be accomplished; If system adopts control automatically; Only need 1~2 automatic valve of employing to realize, the control that need not traditional B AF is so complicated: adopt 7~8 automatic valves controls and need frequent backwash, in case the suspended substance higher device is easy to obstruction and must strengthens backwash frequency in the water inlet; And FBAF only needs simple start, debugging to get final product, and need not safeguard.
FBAF equipment need be introduced bacterial classification or be used for water in addition and tame naturally when starting, inoculate generally in 3~5 days when above (water temperature 10 spend) and can reach 50% treatment effect, reaches 60~90% clearance according to design requirements at last.This bacterial classification can be inoculated the bacterial classification of similar treatment plant according to former water type or adopt the way of natural membrane, domestication naturally.
A large amount of mikrobes are on floating filler, and this mikrobe is the bacterial classification that FBAF equipment is introduced when starting, and this bacterial classification can be tamed naturally also can special inoculation domestication.
The equipment water outlet can be according to processing requirements, and a part refluxes, and makes operation of equipment more flexible, and is more flexible.
This equipment can be according to actual needs by different operation scheme operations; Can adopt different operation scheme to equipment according to on-site actual situations: continous way and intermittent type that uniprocessing or plural serial stage are handled; This dual mode is divided into backflow again and does not reflux dual mode; For lower can the refluxing of load; Require low, the high employing intermittent type that perhaps fluctuates big of water inlet suspension content for investment, the low water quality that is prone to degraded of load is selected unmodified HH-FB fibrous packing for use, and the water quality of the high difficult degradation of loading is selected the HH-FBM differential fiber filler of modification for use; Water temp is low, nutrition is poor, when salinity is high; The filler load is selected and will be hanged down, and packed height is higher, can select periodic running during difficult degradation, when variation water quality is big; So confirm filler type, loading height and equipment inner structure and relevant other processing parameters: structure and patterns such as water distribution, gas distribution, the optimizing of guaranteeing like this to invest and the optimization of treatment effect according to water quality type, pollution load, water temperature and nutraceutical composition, salinity and operation scheme.
This equipment can add other fillers such as floating stuffing, zeolite, gac etc., further improves and handles the biochemical treatment effect.If have in higher requirement such as the former water ammonia nitrogen higher to ammonia nitrogen removal, can add zeolite filler; If former water is difficult for degraded or inoculation difficulty, can add the macrobead gac, accelerate the inoculation domestication and improve processing efficiency and effect; If oxygen utilization rate is required height, can add floating stuffing or increase depth of packing, improve treatment effect and oxygen utilization rate.
3, beneficial effect
Of the present invention aeration biological filter bed; This structure thoroughly solves the blockage problem that influent quality brings when bad; Do not have clamp or rotation when so moving; Movably parts are few in the equipment, can not break down or fluctuation of service and influence water outlet, thereby Installation and Debugging do not need to safeguard after intact basically.This is its most basic place that is superior to traditional BAF equipment, and traditional BAF equipment is no matter adopting haydite still is other what fillers, and its maintenance and debugging are all relatively complicated.
Adopt the method for this equipment to sewage advanced processing, advantage is:
(1) the processing load is high, efficient is high, stable effluent quality: sludge loading: 4~20kg COD/ (m
3.d), clearance is 50~90%.
(2) it is few to go out water suspension, and instead tradition second pond is saved floor space: water outlet ss suspended solid<20mg/L.
(3) technology is flexible, can make up with kinds of processes: leading portion can be connected with other any biochemical process mutually, but back this technology of continued access or MBR, UF even depth treatment process.
(4) it is convenient, simple to control, move: the inoculation of this technology is fast, the sanitary sewage disposal general nature is inoculated about 10-20 days.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an aeration fiber filter bed of the present invention
Wherein, 1-gas distribution facility; 2-cloth drainage facility; Porous plate under the 3-; The 4-FBAF filler; The last porous plate of 5-; 6-backwash water collection facility; 7-water outlet collection facility.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; A kind of aeration biological filter bed; Comprise successively that from bottom to top gas distribution facility 1, cloth drainage facility 2, filler fixation means, filler 4, backwash go out drainage facility 6, go out drainage facility 7, described cloth drainage facility comprises two water distribution boards up and down, and last water distribution board adopts porous plate 3 with following water distribution board; 5 and fixing, described filler 4 is fibrous packing.
The specific surface area that fibrous packing and modified filler thereof are huge; For mikrobe adhere to and growth provides better growing conditions; And particular structure---porous plate makes filter bed realize the variable volume operation up and down,, change sludge concentration operation long-pending according to water conservancy load automatic variant, and fibrous packing has also realized the suspended matter in the water is tackled simultaneously; Perforated plate construction and filler have been realized the interception to fibrous material; Guarantee that water outlet each item index is up to standard, especially suspended substance need not to get final product simple reuse, reach the miscellaneous water water quality standard through advanced treatment again.Porous plate is realized secondary, three water distributions are carried out in the water distribution in the WWT simultaneously up and down, prevents that waterpower is uneven or the generation of the phenomenon such as inhomogeneous of loading, and guarantees treatment effect.
Gas distribution facility 1 is provided with the perforation micro-hole aerator.The present invention adopts a kind of boring aeration mode of uniqueness, guarantees the possibility that treatment effect has avoided aeration tube obstruction or mud to get into pipeline simultaneously again.Since in this technology to aeration require the aperture can not be too little can not be too big, can not carry out disturbance and cause turbulent flow filler, the movement locus of increase gas too for a short time; Too big words waste energy again; We find out through experiment and have invented this multiwalled aeration tube, reach not only disturbance but also purpose that can efficient mass transfer, have also utilized that porous plate, fibrous packing are cut bubble up and down simultaneously; Improve the utilising efficiency of oxygen, reached purpose of energy saving.Meanwhile also the aging film on the filler 4 is peeled off, finally it is discharged native system through backwash.The boring aeration device is different from traditional perforated pipe, also through calculate and combine this nothings of water quality other move, the mechanical parts of transmission, runner is very spacious in addition, does not therefore generally have obstruction and maintenance maintenance.
Functions such as filler adopts unmodified fibers filler (HH-FB) and improves the facility of going adjustment, processing, and this facility is solid, durable, and is not fragile, anti-blocking.Because base property filler is two kinds in this structure; Material modifiedly form through the current material modification; This material modified be the filler that carries out physics, chemical modification through physics and chemical process, electrochemical method, be through test of many times and test in place improved products, be innovative product.The differential fiber filler has hydrophilically modified filler (HH-FBMH), puffing modified filler (HH-FBMP), adsorptivity modified filler (HH-FBMA) and enzymatic property modified filler (HH-FBME); When the water inlet COD in 300~500mg/L scope; Can adopt modified filler, pack length is 4~6m; When the water inlet COD in 100~300mg/L scope, can adopt modified filler, pack length is 2~4m; When the water inlet COD in 50~100mg/L scope, can adopt unmodified filler and modified filler, pack length is 1~3m.
The differential fiber filler is realized through modification through current material.Packing specific area is 80000m
2/ m
3, can reach 15000~35000m after the actual filling
2/ m
3, 3~10 meters high equipment, reactor drum that filler can be processed through the FBAF bed apparatus as required satisfy different quality and processing requirement.The FBAF bed is to carry out dedicated calculation with treatment capacity and water outlet effect, choose the processing unit that different FBAF fillers is processed according to water quality.Specifically depend on influent quality, operation water temperature, former water type, in general, influent concentration is high more, the effluent quality requirement is high more, and depth of packing is high more, and equipment operation flow velocity is low more, otherwise then depth of packing is low more, the operation flow velocity is high more.Depth of packing can be selected in 1~6m scope, and device height is at 3~10m, and flow velocity is selected in 1~6m/h scope.
A kind of method of using pollutent in the aeration fiber biological filter bed deep purifying water body, step does
(A) filler is processed 2~10 meters high;
(B) biochemical waste water that will handle gets into system in device bottom through water distribution system through aeration fiber biological filter bed equipment, and steam is at device interior process filler and gas distribution cloth drainage facility;
(C) back flushing.
Below further specify the present invention through embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Certain aquatic products processing waste water, the processing water yield is 120t/d, adopts following technology:
Raw water quality is: COD≤2000mg/L, BOD≤800mg/L, SS≤350mg/L, TN≤60mg/L, TP≤8mg/L oily substance: 80mg/L
The FBAF influent quality is COD≤300mg/L, BOD≤80mg/L, NH
3≤20mg/L, SS≤200mg/L, water outlet requires COD≤100mg/L BOD≤30mg/L SS≤70mg/L TN≤20mg/L, and FBAF equipment adopts modification HH-FBMP filler, has huge specific surface area, can reach 80000m
2/ m
3, mikrobe very easily adheres to, grows after the modification, the COD that can remove effectively, NH
4 +Need aeration during this equipment operation of-N..Through effectively removing remaining COD, NH behind this equipment
4 +-N.1.2 meters of device diameters, high 4.5 meters, 1.8 meters of depth of packing.Equipment adopts macromolecular material anticorrosion.The design pond holds load 20kgCOD/m
3.d, clearance 70%.Aeration rate 0.37m
3/ min.
Inflow is regulated through capacity of returns, and to regulate gas-water ratio be 4: 1, and capacity of returns can be first big after small, progressively descends at last to 50% by 100%, requires to debug definite ratio based on technological requirement and actual water outlet at last.Here adopt former water water inlet natural membrane; The IAT water outlet gets into the water inlet of FBAF bottom by water pump lifting after getting into water reservoir; Pass through porous plate down after the air mixed by water distributor distribution and aerator; Mikrobe on the filler in following porous plate distributes back and FBAF once more, in the water is repeatedly accomplished exchange mass transfer, reaction, and the organism in the water and nutriment, oxygen etc. are passed to mikrobe, and the while fibrous packing is tackled the suspended substance in the water; Again through the water distribution of upper porous plate after get into effluent collection device behind the catchment area, discharge by the equipment top.The actual influent quality COD≤500mg/L of FBAF, BOD≤300mg/L, NH
3≤20mg/L, SS≤500mg/L adopts the mikrobe natural membrane (mikrobe is food factory's active sludge inoculation in DAT, the IAT pond) in the IAT water outlet, and quantity of reflux is 50%, debugs that water outlet is COD≤90mg/L after 7 days, BOD≤30mg/L, SS≤8mg/L, NH
3≤10mg/L, TN≤20mg/L.Hanging and moving detection water outlet in 1 day after film is accomplished is COD≤40mg/L, BOD≤8mg/L, SS≤8mg/L, NH
3≤1mg/L, TN≤15mg/L.Effluent quality reaches one-level A emission standard in " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard GB18918-2002 "; Arrive the purpose and the requirement of WWT resource utilization, considerably beyond " the integrated wastewater discharge standard GB8978-98 " that require middle first discharge standard requirement.The original backwash in per 3 days of equipment once, backwash tolerance strengthens 3 times, the water yield adds and is twice, the backwash water outlet gets into the IAT pond, actual motion backwash in 15 days once.
Embodiment 2
Certain aquatic products waste water, the biochemistry pool water outlet directly gets into this equipment, and FBAF equipment adopts our modification HH-FBMP filler; Thickness is 3 meters, day output 200t/d, and regulating GWR is 6: 1; Do not have and reflux, (system starts back the 3rd day) water inlet COD450mg/l during the natural membrane, two all after dates of circular treatment; Water outlet detects COD 97mg/L, suspended substance: 8mg/L, and operation one week back water outlet reaches COD37mg/L; Suspended substance: 8mg/L, water outlet reaches first discharge standard in " integrated wastewater discharge standard GB8978-98 " fully, goes out water suspension and reaches reuse standard; And reach one-level A emission standard in " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard GB18918-2002 ", arrive the purpose and the requirement of WWT resource utilization.There is not a backwash.Set device backwash in per 3 days once, backwash tolerance strengthens 3 times, the water yield adds and is twice, the backwash water outlet gets into the IAT pond.
Embodiment 3
Certain paint waste water, the biochemistry pool water outlet directly gets into this equipment, day output 2t/d; Regulating GWR is 10: 1, and quantity of reflux can be first big after small, progressively descends at last to 50% by 100%; FBAF equipment adopts our modification HH-FBMPHEA filler, and 5 meters of depth of packing are debugged the startup that finishes; Move after 10 days, water inlet COD860mg/l handles back water outlet COD95mg/L; Suspended substance<10mg/L reaches first discharge standard in " integrated wastewater discharge standard GB8978-98 ", goes out water suspension and reaches reuse standard.There is not a backwash.The backwash in per 2 days of former locking equipment once, backwash tolerance strengthens 3 times, the water yield adds and is twice, the backwash water outlet gets into the leading portion biochemistry pool.
Embodiment 4
Certain traditional Chinese medicine wastewater because influent quality COD rises to 1500mg/L by 650mg/L, causes bio-chemical effluent COD to rise to 490mg/L, and existing the transformation set up FBAF in the biochemistry pool water outlet; The biochemistry pool water outlet directly gets into this equipment, and FBAF equipment adopts our modification HH-FBMPHA filler, 9 meters of depth of packing; Day output 100t/d, regulating GWR is 5: 1, does not have and refluxes; Debug the startup that finishes, FBAF water outlet COD 86mg/L after 20 days, suspended substance<10mg/L.Original designly reach secondary discharge standard among the GB8978-98, the actual first discharge standard that reaches goes out water suspension and reaches reuse standard.The original backwash in per 3 days of equipment once, backwash tolerance strengthens 3 times, the water yield adds and is twice, the backwash water outlet gets into the leading portion biochemistry pool.A backwash of 15 days nothings during actual motion.
Embodiment 5
Certain Dairy Wastewater, biochemistry pool water outlet directly get into the water inlet of this device bottom, and FBAF equipment adopts our modified filler HH-FBMPH filler; 9.5 meters of depth of packing, day output 250t/d, regulating GWR is 6: 1; Do not have and reflux, debug the startup that finishes, after 15 days; FBAF water inlet COD 520mg/L, treat effluent COD 35mg/L, suspended substance 5-9mg/L; Reach one-level A emission standard and " urban sewage reutilization process water water quality GB/T 19923-2005 ", miscellaneous water reuse standard in " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard GB18918-2002 ", go out water suspension and reach reuse standard.The original backwash in per 3 days of equipment once, backwash tolerance strengthens 3 times, the water yield adds and is twice, the backwash water outlet gets into the leading portion biochemistry pool.A backwash in 10 days during actual motion.