WO2014034567A1 - レーザ光源 - Google Patents
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- WO2014034567A1 WO2014034567A1 PCT/JP2013/072592 JP2013072592W WO2014034567A1 WO 2014034567 A1 WO2014034567 A1 WO 2014034567A1 JP 2013072592 W JP2013072592 W JP 2013072592W WO 2014034567 A1 WO2014034567 A1 WO 2014034567A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0064—Anti-reflection devices, e.g. optical isolaters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
- G02F1/0063—Optical properties, e.g. absorption, reflection or birefringence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
- G02F1/009—Thermal properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
- G02F1/093—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3551—Crystals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0092—Nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
- G02F1/3503—Structural association of optical elements, e.g. lenses, with the non-linear optical device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
- G02F1/3509—Shape, e.g. shape of end face
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
- H01S3/06758—Tandem amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1308—Stabilisation of the polarisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser light source.
- a laser light source used for laser processing or the like a laser light source to which an anti-reflection element ISO (Isolator) is attached is known.
- an anti-reflection element ISO Isolator
- the Faraday rotation crystal constituting the ISO for example, a TGG (Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 ) crystal or a TSAG (Tb 3 (ScAl) 5 O 12 ) crystal having a positive thermo-optic constant is used.
- TGG Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12
- TSAG Tb 3 (ScAl) 5 O 12
- Methods for controlling changes in beam propagation due to the thermal lens effect of these Faraday rotating crystals are disclosed in, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a thermal lens of a TGG crystal or a TSAG crystal by arranging a DKDP (Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate) crystal having a negative thermo-optic constant on the optical path. A method of compensating for the effect is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a Faraday rotator applicable to ISO and capable of reducing the thermal lens effect.
- the inventors have found the following problems. That is, when the change in beam propagation is controlled using a DKDP crystal, the following problems may occur.
- the DKDP crystal is characterized in that it has polarization dependence except for light incident perpendicularly to its optical axis. Therefore, in order to pass randomly polarized laser light (laser light whose polarization direction changes with time) without causing polarization dependence, the propagation axis of the laser light propagating in the crystal and the optical axis of the DKDP crystal Must match.
- the DKDP crystal is arranged perpendicular to the incident direction of the laser light, the light source element may be damaged by the return light generated at the incident end face of the DKDP crystal.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a laser light source having a structure for effectively suppressing a change in propagation state and a change expansion of a randomly polarized laser beam. It is an object.
- the parameters that define the propagation state of the laser light include the beam diameter, the beam shape (cross-sectional shape), the position of the beam waist after collimation, and the like.
- a laser light source includes, as a first aspect, a seed light source, a fiber laser, a collimator lens, an isolator including a Faraday rotation crystal having a positive thermo-optic constant, and a negative A nonlinear optical crystal having a thermo-optic constant is provided.
- the fiber laser amplifies seed light emitted from the seed light source, for example, pulse light.
- the collimator lens collimates the laser light emitted from the fiber laser.
- the isolator has an incident end face on which the laser light collimated by the collimator lens is incident and an emission end face on which the laser light is emitted.
- the Faraday rotation crystal is disposed between the incident end face and the outgoing end face.
- the nonlinear optical crystal is disposed on the optical path of laser light propagating between the collimator lens and the isolator, or on the optical path of laser light emitted from the exit end face of the isolator. Further, the nonlinear optical crystal has a first end face (incident end face) on which laser light is incident and a second end face (exit end face) from which the laser light is emitted while facing the first end face.
- the nonlinear optical crystal is arranged so as to maintain a specific posture.
- an angle (incident angle) formed between a first propagation axis of laser light incident on the first end face of the nonlinear optical crystal (hereinafter referred to as “propagation axis before incidence”) and a perpendicular to the first end face is obtained.
- a second propagation axis of laser light propagating in the nonlinear optical crystal (hereinafter referred to as “intracrystal propagation axis”) is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °, and the optical axis of the nonlinear optical crystal is parallel.
- the nonlinear optical crystal is arranged so that The propagation axis of the laser light emitted from the emission end face of the nonlinear optical crystal is hereinafter referred to as “post-emission propagation axis”.
- the angle of the propagation axis of the laser light before incidence is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 ° with respect to the incident end face of the nonlinear optical crystal.
- the amount of return light to the excitation light source or the like can be reduced or made completely zero.
- the attitude of the nonlinear optical crystal is set so that the propagation axis of the laser beam in the crystal and the optical axis of the nonlinear optical crystal are parallel, the randomly polarized laser beam passes through the nonlinear optical crystal. Even in this case, the occurrence of polarization dependence can be suppressed (the birefringence phenomenon does not occur with respect to the laser light propagating in the nonlinear optical crystal).
- the angle formed between the propagation axis before incidence of laser light and the perpendicular to the incident end face of the nonlinear optical crystal is 1 ° or more and 10 ° or less.
- a propagation axis of laser light in a crystal (a state in which a nonlinear optical crystal is not provided as in the first aspect) Then, the thickness of the nonlinear optical crystal along the optical axis of the nonlinear optical crystal is preferably 5 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
- the laser light source variably controls the incident position of the laser light on the incident end face of the nonlinear optical crystal.
- a position control mechanism may be further provided, and nonlinear optics orthogonal to the propagation axis of the laser light in the crystal (in the state where the nonlinear optical crystal is not installed as in the first aspect, the optical axis of the nonlinear optical crystal).
- the length of one side of the cross section of the crystal is preferably 0.7 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
- the cross section has a square shape, a rectangular shape, or a first reference shape.
- the shape is preferably continuously changing along.
- the shape in which is arranged includes a stepped shape or a comb shape.
- the nonlinear optical crystal may be arranged in an air atmosphere.
- the beam diameter of the laser light incident on the incident end face of the nonlinear optical crystal is 0.5 mm or more. Is preferred.
- the laser light source According to the laser light source according to the present invention, a change in propagation state and a change expansion of the randomly polarized laser light are effectively suppressed.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of a DKDP crystal. These are figures which show the further another example of a DKDP crystal.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an arrangement and configuration of an ISO (Isolator) used in a general laser light source.
- an ISO (Isolator) 60 is provided at the rear stage of the light source unit 10A.
- the light source unit 10A is a part having a main function of a laser light source, a seed light source that emits pulsed light (laser light), a fiber laser as an amplifying means that amplifies the seed light, and a waveform control means that performs waveform control of the pulsed light. Is included.
- the light source unit 10A and the ISO 60 are connected by a delivery fiber 53, and a collimator lens 55 is also provided in front of the ISO 60.
- an apparatus for performing laser processing includes a laser light source with high output and high peak power, an external optical system including a condensing optical system, a laser control system, software, and the like.
- the return light is significant depending on the laser processing object. Therefore, TGG (Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 ) crystal, TSAG (Tb 3 (ScAl) 5 O 12 ) crystal or the like is used for ISO 60 for the purpose of protecting the laser light source from being damaged by the return light.
- the ISO 60 has an incident end face 60a on which laser light is incident and an exit end face 60b on which laser light is emitted, and between the incident end face 60a and the exit end face 60b.
- a Faraday rotation crystal 601 and a birefringence crystal 602 such as the TGG crystal and the TSAG crystal.
- the beam diameter is enlarged by providing the ISO 60.
- L1, L2 propagation states
- thermo-optic constant dn 1 / dT One method for compensating for the thermal lens effect caused by the positive thermo-optic constant dn 1 / dT is to provide a nonlinear optical crystal having a negative thermo-optic constant dn 2 / dT on the optical path of the laser light. . That is, by arranging nonlinear optical crystals having different signs, the thermo-optic constant becomes dn 1 / dT ⁇ dn 2 / dT, and the thermal lens effect is canceled out. Actually, there is no crystal with the opposite sign in which the absolute values of the thermo-optic constants coincide with each other, but a certain amount of compensation is possible by adjusting the crystal length or the like.
- the DKDP crystal is a nonlinear optical crystal having a physical property value of ⁇ dn 2 / dT, as shown in FIG. 3, the DKDP crystal is a post stage of the delivery fiber 53, and is an ISO 60 using a TGG crystal or a TSAG crystal. It is effective to install in the front stage or the rear stage.
- 3A shows an example in which the DKDP crystal 70 is arranged at the subsequent stage of the ISO 60
- FIG. 3B shows an example in which the DKDP crystal 70 is arranged between the collimator lens 55 and the ISO 60.
- the DKDP crystal 70 has an incident end face 70a through which laser light is entered and an outgoing end face 70b through which laser light is emitted.
- the above-described method for compensating beam expansion depends on the polarization of the laser light source, and thus is not suitable for a randomly polarized laser light source.
- an AR-coated (antireflection film) DKDP crystal by using an AR-coated (antireflection film) DKDP crystal, the output power of the laser light from the laser light source can be suppressed even if the ratio of the return light to the emitted light can be suppressed to 0.1% or less.
- the (light intensity) or peak value is large, the influence is large.
- the DKDP crystal 70 is disposed so that the incident end face 70a is perpendicular to the propagation axis before incidence of laser light, the light source element may be damaged.
- the incident surface 70a is used before the laser light is incident.
- a configuration in which the DKDP crystal 70 is disposed in a state inclined with respect to the propagation axis will be described.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of a laser light source 1 having a MOPA (Master oscillator power amplifier) structure.
- the laser light source 1 includes a seed light source 10, a pulse generator 15 (waveform control means), an isolator 20, an optical fiber amplifier (fiber laser) 30, an output connector 50, a delivery fiber 53, and a collimator lens. 55 and ISO60.
- the pulsed light emitted by controlling the seed light source 10 by the pulse generator 15 is amplified by the optical fiber amplifier 30. For this reason, the repetition frequency of the pulsed light depends on the performance of the pulse generator 15, but can be set in a wide range of several tens of kHz to 1 MHz.
- the pulse waveform depends on the performance of the pulse generator 15 and the seed light source 10, and a pulse waveform having a plurality of peaks can be generated depending on the oscillation condition of the pulsed light.
- a configuration in which a YbDF amplifier is inserted as necessary, or a configuration in which a filter for allowing only light of a specific wavelength to pass is applicable.
- the pulsed light emitted from the seed light source 10 is amplified in the optical fiber amplifier 30 via the isolator 20.
- the optical fiber amplifying unit 30 includes excitation LDs 31 and 35, optical combiners 33 and 37, YbDF (Yb-doped optical fibers) 41 and 42, and an isolator 43.
- the light incident on the optical fiber amplifying unit 30 via the isolator 20 is amplified in the YbDF 41 when the pumping light is supplied to the YbDF 41 by the pumping LD 31.
- the light amplified in the YbDF 41 is further amplified in the YbDF 42 by passing the isolator 43 and then supplying the excitation light to the YbDF 42 by the plurality of excitation LDs 35.
- the pulsed light from the seed light source 10 is emitted after being amplified by the optical fiber amplifier 30.
- a YbDF amplifier and a filter can be provided as described above.
- the DKDP crystal 70 disposed in the subsequent stage of the laser light source 1 will be described. That is, the DKDP crystal 70 is disposed at the position shown in FIG. FIG. 5 shows the crystal orientation and arrangement in the DKDP crystal 70 when the laser beam emitted from the emission end face 60 b of the ISO 60 is perpendicularly incident on the DKDP crystal 70.
- the DKDP crystal 70 is classified as a tetragonal system and has uniaxial optical anisotropy. Therefore, when the laser light incident on the DKDP crystal 70 is randomly polarized, it is necessary to make the laser light incident along the optical axis of the DKDP crystal 70 so as to have the same refractive index for any polarization. There is.
- FIG. 5 shows the crystal orientation and arrangement in the DKDP crystal 70 when the laser beam emitted from the emission end face 60 b of the ISO 60 is perpendicularly incident on the DKDP crystal 70.
- the DKDP crystal 70 is classified as a tetragonal system
- the DKDP crystal 70 shows the relationship between the randomly polarized laser beam and the optical axis of the DKDP crystal 70, and the optical axis of the DKDP crystal 70 coincides with both the pre-incidence propagation axis and the intra-crystal propagation axis of the laser light. . Since the DKDP crystal 70 is a uniaxial tetragonal system, it has one optical axis and the optical axis coincides with the c-axis (crystal axis).
- the incident end face 70a of the DKDP crystal 70 is perpendicular to the propagation axis before incidence of the laser light as long as high-power laser light or high-peak laser light is used. In this case, it is considered that the influence of the return light from the incident end face 70a of the DKDP crystal cannot be excluded. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, a method of disposing the DKDP crystal 70 in a state where the incident end face 70a is tilted with respect to the propagation axis before incidence of the laser light and eliminating the influence of the return light on the light source element is studied. .
- DKDP_0 ° is a cube as a premise, and the optical axis (c-axis: G00) of DKDP_0 ° is parallel to the propagation axis before incidence of laser light.
- c-axis: G00 the optical axis of DKDP_0 ° is parallel to the propagation axis before incidence of laser light.
- the angle of the c-axis G01 of DKDP crystals 70 ( ⁇ c1) also theta 1 with respect to the incident before propagation axis of the laser beam Just leaning.
- Incident laser light I in is incident on DKDP_ ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ c1 ) crystal 70 (incident angle of laser light I in is ⁇ 1 ) tilted by ⁇ 1 with respect to the propagation axis before incidence of the incident laser light.
- the incident laser beam I in is refracted at a refraction angle ⁇ 2 of the equation (1) with respect to the perpendicular of the incident end face 70 a of the DKDP_ ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ c1 ) crystal 70 and propagates in the crystal.
- FIG. 6C shows a part of the information described in FIG. 6B.
- the refraction angle ⁇ 2 is derived by the equation (1).
- the angle ( ⁇ c2 ) of the c-axis (G02) of the DKDP crystal 70 with respect to the normal to the incident end face 70a is adjusted to the same direction as the refraction angle ⁇ 2 .
- FIG. 7A shows a schematic diagram when the laser light emitted from the ISO 60 is incident on the DKDP crystal 70.
- the DKDP crystal 70 is installed so that the inclination angle becomes ⁇ crystal with respect to the propagation axis before incidence of laser light (DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c )).
- DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) the angle ( ⁇ c ) of the c-axis with respect to the perpendicular of the incident end face 70a is the same as the refraction angle ⁇ 2 obtained from the equation (1)
- the DKDP crystal 70 is arranged.
- 70 can be a polarization-independent beam expansion compensation element. The same applies to the case where the DKDP crystal 70 is placed in front of the ISO 60 as shown in FIG.
- the randomly polarized laser light passes through the DKDP crystal 70 arranged as follows, the occurrence of polarization dependence on the laser light is suppressed and the return is returned. Generation of light can also be suppressed.
- the tilt angle of the incident end face 70a with respect to the propagation axis before laser light incidence (incident angle between the perpendicular to the incident end face 70a and the propagation axis before laser light incidence) ⁇ crystal is 0 ° ⁇ crystal ⁇
- the 90 ° condition is satisfied, and the in-crystal propagation axis of the laser light propagating through the DKDP crystal 70 and the optical axis (c-axis) of the DKDP crystal 70 are arranged in parallel.
- the practical range of the inclination angle ⁇ crystal is preferably 1 ° or more and 10 ° or less.
- the average output of the laser beam is about 20 W, and the repetition frequency is variable from several tens of kHz to 1 MHz.
- the laser light source 1 can freely control the pulse waveform by the pulse generator 15.
- the main oscillation wavelength is 1.06 ⁇ m, which is randomly polarized light. 8 to 11 show pulse oscillation characteristics when the repetition frequency is 100 kHz to 1 MHz, the peak value is set to about 80 kW, and the pulse waveform is controlled.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of controlling the pulse width for various pulse energies while the repetition frequency is constant at 200 kHz and the peak value of the pulsed light (laser light) is constant at about 80 kW.
- 8A shows the case where the pulse energy is 10 ⁇ J
- FIG. 8B shows the case where the pulse energy is 50 ⁇ J
- FIG. 8C shows the case where the pulse energy is 100 ⁇ J.
- FIG. 9 shows the result of controlling the pulse waveform so that the peak value of the pulsed light is constant about 80 kW and the average output is constant about 20 W for various repetition frequencies.
- 9A shows a case where the repetition frequency is 500 kHz
- FIG. 9B shows a case where the repetition frequency is 300 kHz
- FIG. 9C shows a case where the repetition frequency is 200 kHz.
- FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are examples in which multi-pulses are generated at a repetition frequency of 300 kHz while controlling to different pulse widths.
- the total pulse energy in FIG. 10A is 61 ⁇ J, and the total pulse energy in FIG. 10B is 59 ⁇ J.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are examples in which multi-pulses are generated at a repetition frequency of 100 kHz while controlling to different pulse widths.
- the total pulse energy in FIG. 11A is 174 ⁇ J, and the total pulse energy in FIG. 11B is 50 ⁇ J.
- the pulse interval is 10 ns in any example, but each of FIG. 10 (A), FIG.
- the pulse interval is displayed as 0.5 ns.
- the magnification in the figure refers to the magnification of the beam diameter expanded by the thermal lens effect measured at a distance of 1.5 m, and the laser with respect to the beam diameter of low power that does not produce the thermal lens effect with an average output of several hundred mW or less. This is the ratio of the beam diameter when the peak value of light is 80 kW (average output of 16 W or more).
- an optical measurement system shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 was used for the measurement of the beam diameter.
- the optical measurement system 100 of FIG. 12 includes a light source unit 10A, an attenuation optical system 80, and a beam profiler 90.
- the light source unit 10A includes a seed light source 10, a pulse generator 15, an isolator 20, an optical fiber amplifier (fiber laser) 30, and an output connector 50.
- the laser light emitted from the output connector 50 enters the collimator lens 55 after passing through the delivery fiber 53.
- the laser light from the collimator lens 55 is emitted from the emission end face 60 b of the ISO 60.
- a DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) crystal 70 is arranged at the subsequent stage of the ISO 60 in the optical measurement system of FIG.
- the laser light emitted from the ISO 60 (or DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) crystal 70) is attenuated by the attenuation optical system 80 using, for example, Fresnel reflection until the light intensity reaches a predetermined level. Is done. Then, the laser light attenuated to a predetermined light intensity is incident on the beam profiler 90. Therefore, the beam profiler 90 measures the beam diameter at a point 1.5 m away from the emission end face 60 b of the ISO 60.
- FIG. 14 (A) shows a beam diameter measurement result of 1.5 m ahead in TGG type ISO using a TGG crystal.
- the optical measurement system 100 of FIG. 12 is used (that is, a DKDP crystal is not used).
- the magnification of the beam diameter on the vertical axis in FIG. 14A is the ratio of the beam diameter at the 80 kW peak value of each oscillation condition to the beam diameter at about several hundred mW, that is, low power.
- six types of typical pulse oscillation conditions (P1 to P6) were prepared, and the beam expansion ratio was investigated in the range of repetition frequencies from 100 kHz to 1 MHz.
- the crystal arrangement of the light spreading compensation element is DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) described above, the optical measurement system 101 shown in FIG. 13 is used, and other conditions are the same as those in FIG. FIG. 14B shows the measurement results.
- the DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) crystal 70 By arranging the DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) crystal 70 on the optical path, the magnification of the beam diameter could be suppressed to 110% or less. It is thought that further suppression is possible by optimizing the thickness of the DKDP crystal.
- the beam diameter of the laser light incident on the incident end face 70a of the DKDP crystal 70 is preferably 0.5 mm or more.
- the thickness of the DKDP crystal 70 along the propagation axis of the laser beam in the crystal is preferably 5 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
- the length of one side of the cross section of the DKDP crystal 70 orthogonal to the propagation axis of the laser light in the crystal is preferably 0.7 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
- FIG. 15 shows the measurement results of the beam profile when the DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) crystal (DKDP crystal 70), which is a light expansion compensation element, is arranged after the TGG type ISO (ISO 60).
- the left side of FIG. 15 shows a beam profile (in the case of a pulsed light with a low power and a peak value of 80 kW at a repetition frequency of 200 kHz) in a configuration of only TGG ISO (when no DKDP crystal is arranged), and the right side of FIG. It is a beam profile in the case where a DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c) crystal is arranged immediately after the TGG type ISO (when the pulse frequency is low and the peak value is 80 kW at a repetition frequency of 200 kHz).
- FIG. 16 shows the result of examining the beam propagation characteristics when the DKDP crystal is inserted.
- TGG ISO pulse peak value 80 kW
- the beam waist position is shifted to the TGG ISO side compared to the TGG ISO (Low power) (arrow toward the left in FIG. 16), and the waist is contracted ( An arrow heading downward in FIG. 16).
- the beam propagation changed, and it was found that the beam diameter was greatly expanded at the position where the distance from the TGG type ISO was 1.5 m.
- the DKDP crystal when a DKDP crystal is arranged in addition to the TGG type ISO (pulse peak value 80 kW), the DKDP crystal has an effect as a compensation element, and the beam propagation is comparable to that of the TGG type ISO (Low power). I understood.
- the strength of the thermal lens effect appears depending on the combination of various pulse waveforms and ISO, and it has been confirmed that there are various cases regarding the conditions and the light expansion rate at which light expansion occurs.
- a DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) crystal suppression of light expansion was achieved under all of the light expansion conditions. From the above, it has been clarified that the DKDP_ ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ c ) crystal functions as a light expansion compensation element independent of random polarization.
- the thermal conductivity in all directions has the same value in a cross section orthogonal to the optical axis (corresponding to the crystal c axis) of the DKDP crystal. That is, assuming that the cross section of the DKDP crystal is the xy plane, the thermal conductivity ⁇ x in the x-axis direction is equivalent to the thermal conductivity ⁇ y in the y-axis direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17A, in the DKDP crystal 70 having a square cross section, the heat dissipation capability in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are equal.
- the beam expansion compensation ability in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are equal.
- the laser beam is incident on the DKDP crystal 70 along the propagation axis AX
- the beam shape B in on the incident end face 70a of the DKDP crystal 70 is a perfect circle
- the laser beam emitted from the exit end face 70b A perfect circle is also maintained in the cross-sectional shape (beam shape B out on the emission end face 70b). Therefore, the DKDP crystal 70 in FIG. 17A makes it possible to compensate for beam expansion while maintaining a perfect circular state of the beam cross-sectional shape.
- the beam diameter shown in FIG. 17A is shown as an example of a relative size with respect to the crystal size.
- the beam diameter is e ⁇ 1/2 .
- the thickness in the x-axis direction is approximately the same as the beam diameter of the incident laser beam (however, there is no power loss of the incident laser beam).
- the thickness in the y-axis direction is sufficiently larger than the beam diameter of the incident laser light, and other than the incident end face and the outgoing end face in the DKDP crystal 70A. All surfaces or only both surfaces parallel to the yz plane are covered with a material 700 having a higher thermal conductivity than the DKDP crystal 70A.
- the effective thermal conductivity in the vicinity of the incident region of the laser beam on the incident end surface has a relationship of ⁇ x > ⁇ y .
- the surrounding material 700 includes, for example, conductive Si rubber, and the relationship between the effective thermal conductivity in the vicinity of the laser light incident region (the thermal conductivity in the x-axis direction of the DKDP crystal 70A covered with Si rubber and y The relationship of the thermal conductivity in the axial direction is ⁇ DKDP + Si x > ⁇ y .
- the steady heat generation distribution due to laser irradiation in the DKDP crystal 70A becomes a state of spreading in the x-axis direction.
- the beam expansion compensation capability in the x-axis direction of the DKDP crystal 70A is lower than that in the y-axis direction.
- the cross-sectional shape of the laser light emitted from the exit end face of the DKDP crystal 70A is x-axis. It becomes an elliptical shape extending in the direction.
- the periphery of the DKDP crystal 70A is made of a material having a lower conductivity than that of the DKDP crystal 70A or a gas
- the relationship between the thermal conductivity in the x-axis direction and the thermal conductivity in the y-axis direction of the DKDP crystal 70A is ⁇ x ⁇ y .
- the thermal conductivity of the air atmosphere is two orders of magnitude smaller than the thermal conductivity of the DKDP crystal 70A
- the relationship of the effective thermal conductivity in the vicinity of the laser light incident region is ⁇ DKDP + Air x ⁇ y . That is, the heat dissipation capability in the x-axis direction is lower than that in the y-axis direction. As a result, the beam expansion compensation capability in the x-axis direction is improved.
- the cross-sectional shape of the laser light emitted from the exit end face of the DKDP crystal 70A is y-axis. It becomes an elliptical shape extending in the direction.
- the ratio of the x-axis and y-axis beam expansion compensation capabilities can be controlled by the z-axis crystal thickness, the shape of the xy plane (the cross section of the DKDP crystal), and the surrounding material. is there.
- the cross-sectional shape of the DKDP crystal is not limited to the above-described square or rectangle.
- a shape in which a plurality of rectangular regions are arranged along the y axis (second reference axis) so that rectangular regions having different thicknesses along the x axis (first reference axis) are adjacent to each other FIG. 18B ), FIG. 19A
- a shape in which the thickness along the x-axis continuously changes along the y-axis see FIG. 19B).
- the ratio of the beam expansion compensation capability in the x-axis direction and the beam expansion compensation capability in the y-axis direction can be freely adjusted by changing the laser light incident position to the DKDP crystal by making the cross-sectional shape of the DKDP crystal arbitrary.
- the length of one side of the cross section of the DKDP crystal is preferably 0.7 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
- FIG. 18A shows a positioning stage (position control mechanism) 800 for adjusting the incident position of the laser light on the DKDP crystal.
- the positioning stage 800 includes a first stage 801 on which a DKDP crystal is installed, a second stage 802 that holds the first stage in a movable state, and a column portion 803 that holds the second stage 803 in a movable state. At least.
- the first stage 801 is movable along the y-axis (horizontal direction S) relative to the second stage 802 with the DKDP crystal 70B installed.
- the second stage 802 is movable along the x-axis (vertical direction H) with respect to the support column 803 while holding the first stage 801.
- FIG. 18A shows a positioning stage (position control mechanism) 800 for adjusting the incident position of the laser light on the DKDP crystal.
- the positioning stage 800 includes a first stage 801 on which a DKDP crystal is installed, a second stage 802 that holds the first stage in a mov
- a structure for moving the DKDP crystal 70B on the xy plane is shown as a part of the positioning stage 800.
- the positioning stage 800 moves the column portion 803 along the z axis.
- a mechanism for tilting the support column 803 with respect to the x-axis is shown as a part of the positioning stage 800.
- FIG. 18B is a diagram showing another example of the DKDP crystal, and the cross section of the DKDP crystal 70B shown in FIG. 18B has a plurality of thicknesses in the x-axis direction that vary along the y-axis direction. It has a structure in which rectangular regions I to III are arranged.
- the region I is a rectangular region whose thickness in the x-axis direction is ⁇ 1 and the thickness in the y-axis direction is ⁇
- the region II is a rectangular region whose thickness in the x-axis direction is ⁇ 2 and whose thickness in the y-axis direction is ⁇
- Region III is a rectangular region having a thickness of ⁇ 3 in the x-axis direction and a thickness of ⁇ in the y-axis direction.
- the outer peripheral surface of the DKDP crystal 70B is covered with a material having low thermal conductivity, or is exposed to an air atmosphere.
- the incident beam shapes B in1 , B in2 , and B in3 in the regions I to III are drawn with dimensions relative to the crystal plate size, and are merely examples.
- the effective thermal conductivity near the incident beam region in the region II and the region III is ⁇ DKDP + Air x2 ⁇ y1 , ⁇ DKDP + Air x3 ⁇ ⁇ y1 , and ⁇ DKDP + Air x3 ⁇ DKDP + Air x2 holds. That is, in the region I, the beam expansion compensation ability in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction is equivalent, but the light is incident on the regions II and III having different ratios (aspect ratios) between the length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction.
- the beam expansion compensation capability in the x-axis direction in the region III is higher than that in the region II, even when the incident beam diameter to the DKDP crystal is a perfect circle, the beam shape emitted from the DKDP crystal is as shown in FIG. It becomes an ellipse crushed in the x-axis direction as follows. Note that the measurement position of the beam shape in FIG. 18C is, for example, the emission end face 70b of the DKDP crystal 70B (immediately after the emission of the laser light).
- FIGS. 19A and 19B show still another example of the cross-sectional shape of the DKDP crystal.
- DKDP crystal 70C shown in FIG. 19 (a) the thickness of the x-axis direction is prepared
- DKDP crystal plate is beta 1, obtained by cutting by dry etching or dicing saw or the like (FIG. 19 ( The predetermined shape shown in A) can be realized).
- a predetermined ⁇ is obtained while controlling the cutting depth as in ⁇ ′ 2 and ⁇ ′ 3. Cut while shifting by about the blade width in the y-axis direction until a width of 'is obtained.
- the region IV and the region V equivalent to the region II and the region III in FIG. 18B are obtained.
- the region IV is a rectangular region whose thickness in the x-axis direction is ⁇ ′ 2 and the thickness in the y-axis direction is ⁇ ′
- the region V is ⁇ ′ 3 whose thickness in the x-axis direction is ⁇ ′ 3 and the thickness in the y-axis direction is ⁇ ′. This is a rectangular area.
- the effective thermal conductivity in the vicinity of the incident beam region in the region IV and the region V is ⁇ DKDP + Air x4 ⁇ y1 , ⁇ DKDP + Air x5 ⁇ y1 , and the relationship of ⁇ DKDP + Air x5 ⁇ DKDP + Air x4 is established. Note that in order to realize the cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 19A, it is possible to cope with bonding of DKDP crystals having different crystal thicknesses, but handling becomes difficult at a minute size. If the above method is used, the handling problem is solved.
- the periphery of the crystal excluding the entrance surface and the exit surface may be exposed to an air atmosphere other than the portion held by the stage or the like, or may be covered with conductive Si rubber.
- a plurality of types having different aspect ratios can be obtained from a single DKDP crystal plate as the shape of the laser incident region. That is, with the positioning stage 800 shown in FIG. 18A, the laser incident position on the DKDP crystal is controlled to be scanned in the in-plane direction, so that the compensation capability in the x-axis direction and the compensation in the y-axis direction are related to beam expansion. The ability ratio can be easily changed. Therefore, due to the influence of the distortion of the beam shape (cross-sectional shape) inherent to the laser light source, the shape of the crystal constituting the ISO and the defects existing inside, the shape of the DKDP crystal and the defects existing inside, the holding method of the DKDP crystal, etc.
- SYMBOLS 1 Laser light source, 10 ... Seed light source, 15 ... Pulse generator, 20, 43 ... Isolator, 30 ... Optical fiber amplifier (fiber laser), 50 ... Output connector, 60 ... ISO, 70, 70A-70D ... DKDP crystal, 80 ... attenuating optical system, 90 ... beam profiler, 100, 101 ... measuring optical system.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 種光源と、
前記種光源から出射されたパルス化種光を増幅するファイバレーザと、
前記ファイバレーザから出射されたレーザ光をコリメートするコリメータレンズと、
前記コリメータレンズによりコリメートされた前記レーザ光が入射される入射端面と、前記レーザ光が出射される出射端面を有するアイソレータであって、前記入射端面と前記出射端面との間に配置された、正の熱光学定数を有するファラデー回転結晶を含むアイソレータと、
前記コリメータレンズと前記アイソレータとの間を伝搬するレーザ光の光路上、または、前記アイソレータの出射端面から出射されたレーザ光の光路上に配置された、負の熱光学定数を有する非線形光学結晶であって、前記レーザ光が入射される第1の端面と、前記第1の端面に対向するとともに前記レーザ光が出射される第2の端面を有する非線形光学結晶と、
を備え、
前記非線形光学結晶の前記第1の端面に入射されるレーザ光の第1の伝搬軸と前記第1の端面に対する垂線とのなす角が0°より大きく90°未満であり、かつ、前記非線形光学結晶内を伝搬するレーザ光の第2の伝搬軸と前記非線形光学結晶の光学軸とが平行になるように、前記非線形光学結晶が配置された
ことを特徴とするレーザ光源。 - 前記レーザ光の前記第1の伝搬軸と前記第1の端面に対する垂線とのなす角は、1°以上10°以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のレーザ光源。
- 前記レーザ光の前記第2の伝搬軸に沿った、前記非線形光学結晶の厚みは、5mm以上30mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のレーザ光源。
- 前記非線形光学結晶の前記第1の端面上における前記レーザ光の入射位置を可変に制御する位置制御機構をさらに備え、
前記レーザ光の前記第2の伝搬軸に直交する、前記非線形光学結晶の断面の一辺の長さは、0.7mm以上、20mm以下であり、
前記非線形光学結晶の前記断面上の互いに直交する軸を第1の基準軸および第2の基準軸とするとき、前記断面の形状は、正方形、長方形、前記第1の基準軸に沿った厚みが異なる矩形部分が隣接するように前記第2の基準軸に沿って複数の矩形部分が配置された形状、あるいは、前記第1の基準軸に沿った厚みが前記第2の基準軸に沿って連続的に変化する形状であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか一項記載のレーザ光源。 - 前記第1の基準軸に沿った厚みが異なる矩形部分が隣接するように前記第2の基準軸に沿って複数の矩形部分が配置された形状は、階段状の形状または櫛型形状を含むことを特徴とする請求項4記載のレーザ光源。
- 前記非線形光学結晶の外周面のうち少なくとも一部は、導電性シリコーンで覆われていることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか一項記載のレーザ光源。
- 前記非線形光学結晶は、空気雰囲気中に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか一項記載のレーザ光源。
- 前記非線形光学結晶の前記第1の端面に入射されるレーザ光のビーム径は、0.5mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか一項記載のレーザ光源。
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CN105157837A (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-12-16 | 中北大学 | 一种基于声光滤光和电光相位调谐的高光谱全偏振成像仪 |
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CN105973573B (zh) * | 2016-05-25 | 2018-04-24 | 山西大学 | 全固态激光器腔内线性损耗的测量方法 |
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