WO2014030138A1 - Cartouche - Google Patents

Cartouche Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014030138A1
WO2014030138A1 PCT/IB2013/056810 IB2013056810W WO2014030138A1 WO 2014030138 A1 WO2014030138 A1 WO 2014030138A1 IB 2013056810 W IB2013056810 W IB 2013056810W WO 2014030138 A1 WO2014030138 A1 WO 2014030138A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cartridge
piston
thickened portion
cover
trailing end
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/056810
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Hofmeyr GODSIFF
Original Assignee
Non-Detonating Solutions (Pty) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Non-Detonating Solutions (Pty) Limited filed Critical Non-Detonating Solutions (Pty) Limited
Publication of WO2014030138A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014030138A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/087—Flexible or deformable blasting cartridges, e.g. bags or hoses for slurries
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/20—Tamping cartridges, i.e. cartridges containing tamping material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/22—Methods for holding or positioning for blasting cartridges or tamping cartridges

Definitions

  • This invention relates to rock breaking and, more particularly, it relates to a cartridge for holding a charge of a gas producing material for use in rock breaking.
  • rock as used herein covers natural rock and also includes concrete or similar structures that are to be broken up or fractured.
  • cartridges filled with a gas producing material for breaking rock and other hard material.
  • Such cartridges are typically placed in a borehole with stemming material or a stemming device blocking the open end of the borehole to operatively prevent the produced gas from escaping thus causing it to break or fracture the rock.
  • stemming material or a stemming device blocking the open end of the borehole to operatively prevent the produced gas from escaping thus causing it to break or fracture the rock.
  • a drawback of cartridges containing gas producing material is that adequate stemming of the borehole is of utmost importance, failure of which may cause some of the gas to escape thereby reducing the pressure exerted onto the rock and causing the cartridge to be less effective.
  • the cartridge and stemming device will simply be shot out of or ejected from the borehole without the gas breaking or fracturing the rock.
  • a self-stemming cartridge is proposed in United States Patent No. 8,342,095.
  • One embodiment of the cartridge disclosed in the patent has a sheath which is tapered radially inwardly at one end and which houses a gas producing compound and a cone.
  • the patent discloses that the cone is forced in the direction of the taper upon ignition of the gas producing compound and forces the sheath outwardly, thereby stemming the borehole.
  • Drawbacks of the disclosed cartridge include the cartridge having a plug that is inserted into one end of the cartridge, and which will be ejected from the cartridge prior to effective stemming of the borehole, thus causing the stemming operation to stop and the cartridge to be ejected from the borehole without breaking any of the rock.
  • a further disadvantage of the cartridge disclosed in US 8,342,095 is that the sheath is a solid tube and thus unlikely to be able to expand sufficiently to stem the borehole. It is likely to simply have a bulge formed in the tapered section which will not be effective in stemming the borehole.
  • a detonator cord or cable runs between the cone and sheath creating a gap which will permit gas to escape and thus prevent proper working of the cartridge.
  • the fact that the detonator cord or cable runs between the cone and sheath will also pose problems during manufacture of the cartridge. The gap will also permit the propellant to leak out of the cartridge during manufacture and handling thereof.
  • gas producing material shall have its widest meaning and include any material which produces gas in a suitably rapid manner to be useful in breaking rock and other hard materials, and excludes explosives.
  • a cartridge comprising a tubular body made of a plastics material which can be at least partially filled with a gas producing material and having a leading end having a cover thereon and and wherein the body includes an internally thickened portion near a trailing end and has a piston therein moveable relative to the thickened portion to cause radially outward expansion of the body, and wherein the piston is configured to accommodate a cable or shock tube for operating an igniter.
  • a cover to be securable over the open leading end in such a manner as to ensure movement of the piston relative to the thickened portion and subsequent expansion of the body after ignition of the gas producing material; preferably for the cover to provide a snap fit over a rib or similar formation on the body; and for the cover to be dimensioned to provide a sliding fit within a borehole such that it resists outward deformation to be so removable from the tube in use in a borehole; alternatively for the cover to be screw fit over the body; and the plastics material to be of sufficient strength to contain gas produced therein until at least partial expansion of the body occurs in the borehole.
  • Still further features of the invention provide for slots or lines of weakness to be provided in the body about the thickened portion to facilitate expansion thereof; for a passage to be provided centrally through the piston for receiving the cable or shock tube; and for an igniter to be located within a recess in the piston.
  • the thickened portion to be symmetrical about a longitudinal axis of the body and to taper inwardly towards the trailing end; for the piston to have a complementary tapered section, preferably with a conical end, and a cylindrical section providing a sliding fit within the body.
  • the piston to have an outwardly inclined circumferential skirt; and for the skirt to be resiliency flexible.
  • the thickened portion is provided for the thickened portion to be integral with the body.
  • the thickened portion is provided by an insert secured within the body.
  • the insert to provide a sliding fit within the body; for the insert to locate against a flange on the body; and for the flange to extend integrally from the body at or near the trailing end of the body.
  • the invention further provides a cartridge comprising a tubular body made from a plastics material with a leading end and a trailing end, with a piston having a tapered end movably secured therein, and a number of ports provided in the body adjacent the trailing end with an anchor member associated with each port such that movement of the piston towards the trailing end causes radially outward displacement of each anchor member and wherein a cover is secured over the leading end of the body and a gas producing material contained in the body between the piston and cover and wherein the piston is configured to accommodate a cable or shock tube for operating an igniter.
  • each anchor member to have a lug which extends centrally from one side of a panel, each lug providing a complementary fit within a port and for the tapered end of the piston to engage the lugs; for the end of each lug opposite the panel to have a taper complementary to that of the piston; and for each panel to extend over a part of the outer surface of the body.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of a cartridge according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a three-dimensional view of the cartridge illustrated
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the cartridge illustrated in
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a cartridge according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a third embodiment of a cartridge according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a three dimensional view of the body of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a fourth embodiment of a cartridge in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of a fifth embodiment of a cartridge according to the invention in use in a borehole
  • Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of a front part of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 8;
  • Figure 10 is an end view of the front part of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 8;
  • Figure 1 1 is a three-dimensional view of the front part of the cartridge illustrated in Figure 8.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrate one embodiment of a cartridge (10) in accordance with the invention.
  • the cartridge (10) comprises a tubular body (12) of unitary construction and moulded from a plastics material with a leading end (14) which is open.
  • the body (12) is internally thickened near its trailing end (18).
  • the thickened portion (16) is formed integrally with the body (12) and tapers a short distance from the trailing end (18) symmetrical inwardly about the longitudinal axis of the body (12) towards the trailing end (18) sufficient to provide a central opening (20) in the trailing end (18).
  • a piston (22), also of unitary construction in this embodiment, is slidably located in the body (12) partially within the thickened portion (16).
  • a trailing section (21 ) of the piston (22) has a frusto-conical shape which is complementary to the thickened portion (16), and the leading section (23) of the piston (22) is cylindrical in shape and provides a sliding fit within the body (12).
  • a central passage (24) extends through the piston (22) and is shaped to accommodate a cable or shock tube (26) for operating an igniter (28) which is located in a recess (30) or socket in the leading end (32) of the piston (22).
  • the body (12) is filled with a gas producing material (36), in this embodiment a propellant, and a cover (38) is secured over the open end (14) of the body (12).
  • a gas producing material 36
  • a cover 308 is secured over the open end (14) of the body (12).
  • the cover (38) provides a snap fit over a circumferential rib (40) on the body (12) which requires resilient outward deformation of the cooperating part of the cover (38) for it to be secured in position.
  • the cover (38) is shaped to be a sliding fit within a borehole (42) as shown in Figure 3.
  • the cartridge (10) is inserted into a borehole (42) leading end (14) first.
  • the cable or shock tube (26) extends from the borehole (42) in conventional fashion and is used to operate the igniter (28) which ignites the gas producing material (36) and causes the production of gas.
  • the rapidly expanding gas is initially trapped within the body (12) causing it to push the piston (22) towards the trailing end (18) and into the thickened portion (16). This causes radial expansion of the thickened portion (16) of the body (12), which causes stemming of the borehole (42), trapping the gas within the borehole (42), and resulting in fracture of the surrounding rock (44).
  • the thickened portion (16) of the body (12) may include formations (not shown), such as ribs or other formations, which engage the sides (43) of the borehole (42) during radial expansion of the thickened portion (16).
  • a number of features of the cartridge (10) ensure efficient operation through effective stemming. Firstly, securing the cover (38) to the body (12) in such a manner that it is not easily forced off by the rising pressure causes the gas to first operate the piston (22). As the cover (38) is dimensioned to provide a sliding fit within the borehole (42) it cannot deform outwardly to disengage from the rib (40) on the body (12) and is so held in position, trapping the gas within the body (12).
  • cover (38) can be secured to the body (12) in any suitable manner, including a screw or bayonet type fit or even by welding it in position or using heat, a suitable adhesive or the like.
  • the material of the body (12) is preferably selected to provide sufficient strength, or expansion, to contain gas produced therein until at least partial expansion of the thickened portion (16) occurs.
  • the body (12) has a diameter only slightly smaller than that of the borehole (42), minimal radial expansion is required for it to be effective in stemming the borehole (42).
  • a gap is not provided between the piston (22) and thickened portion (16) of the body (12) through which gas can escape.
  • the passage (24) is dimensioned so that the cable or shock tube (26) fits tightly within the passage (24) thereby ensuring that gas does not escape about the periphery of the cable or shock tube (26).
  • a web (31 ) of a flexible plastics material may be adhesively secured to the recess (30) where the passage (24) opens into the recess (30), and which includes an aperture (33) that is slightly smaller than the circumference of the cable or shock tube (26).
  • the material of the web (31 ) extends about the cable or shock tube (26) away from the passage (24).
  • the pressure created by the expanding gas acts on the material of the web (31 ) it forces the material into a more intimate contact with the cable or shock tube (26), thereby preventing gas from escaping between the web (31 ) and the circumference of the cable or shock tube (26).
  • the piston (22) could also accommodate the cable or shock tube in other ways, for example, by means of an external passage, including a channel or groove.
  • the important aspect is that the cable or shock tube should be accommodated in such a manner as not to create a gap between the piston and body through with propellant and gas can escape. It should also not affect sliding of the piston within the body, including adding resistance to such sliding or causing misalignment of the piston within the body.
  • the cable or shock tube will preferably provide a press fit therein.
  • the ignition of the igniter (28) itself acts on the piston (22) to move it towards the trailing end (18) of the body (12) once activated. This will cause at least partial radial expansion of the body (12) prior to ignition of the gas producing material (36), and complete radial expansion or stemming will then take place once the gas producing material (36) is ignited.
  • the recess (30) can be filled with an energetic material, such as a propellant or black powder, to enhance the effect of the igniter (28). This will create a larger flame jet which will also cause greater thrust on the piston (22) in the direction of the trailing end (18) of the body (12).
  • the outer surface of the body (12), and particularly the outer surface of the thickened portion (16), may be provided with formations (not shown), such as ribs or grooves, which engage the sides (43) of the borehole (42) during radial expansion of the thickened portion (16), thereby ensuring effective stemming to take place.
  • the piston (22) has two sections (21 , 23), the trailing section (21 ) having a frusto-conical shape which is complementary to the taper of the thickened portion (16) and the leading section (23) having a cylindrical shape which provides a sliding fit within the body (12).
  • the shape of the piston (22) ensures that it is correctly aligned during assembly and operation so that when the cartridge (10) is ignited, the piston (22) moves concentrically into the thickened potion (16) of the body (12) and does not become misaligned once it has entered the thickened portion (16). This ensures even and maximally effective expansion of the thickened portion (16).
  • the slots (34) provided on the body (12) permit the tube (12) to radially expand and stem the borehole (42) very quickly, thereby ensuring that effective stemming of the cartridge (10) within the borehole (42) takes place prior to rupture of the body (12).
  • the features of the cartridge (10) described above ensure that the cartridge (10) effectively stems the borehole (42) prior to rupture of the body (12), thereby ensuring that the gas remains within the borehole (42) and is directed at the surrounding rock (44) so as to cause effective fracture of the rock.
  • the cartridge (10) of the invention is simple to construct, easy to insert into a borehole (42) and highly effective in operation.
  • FIG 4 illustrates a second embodiment of a cartridge (60) in accordance with the invention.
  • the cartridge (60) of this embodiment is similar to the cartridge (10) illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, except that in this embodiment, the piston (62) includes an outwardly inclined resiliency flexible skirt (64), which extends from the leading end (66) of the piston (62).
  • the piston (62) again has two sections (68, 70), the leading section (68) having a frusto-conical shape which is complementary to the taper of the thickened portion (72) and the trailing section (70) having a cylindrical shape which provides a sliding fit within the body (74).
  • the skirt (64) has a circumference which is slightly larger than the circumference of the body (74) so that when the piston (62) is inserted into the body (74), the skirt (64) slightly deforms thereby ensuring a sealing fit against the side walls (76) of the body (74). Once the gas producing material (78) within the cartridge (60) is ignited, the gas will attempt to escape. However, the piston (62) and the skirt (64) effectively prevent the gas from escaping, thereby ensuring that all the pressure created by the gas acts onto the piston (62) and causes radial expansion of the body (74).
  • FIGs 5 and 6 illustrate yet a further embodiment of a cartridge (100) in accordance with the invention.
  • the cartridge (100) of this embodiment is again similar to the cartridge (10) illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, except that in this embodiment, the thickened portion (101 ) of the cartridge (100) is not integral with the body (102) and is provided by an insert (104) secured within the body (102).
  • the insert (104) is a cylindrical body which provides a sliding fit within the body (102) and has a tapered bore (106) extending therethrough.
  • the insert (104) locates against an internal flange (108) extending integrally from the trailing end (1 10) of the body (102).
  • slots (1 12) are provided in the body (102) to facilitate the expansion thereof. Slots (not shown) are similarly provided in the insert (104).
  • lines of weakness can be provided instead of, or in addition to, slots. These can take the form of score lines or grooves, perforations and the like.
  • the cover (1 14) is attached to the body (102) by means of a screw fit (1 15) over the open end (1 16) of the body (102).
  • the piston (1 18) has a similar shape than the piston (22) described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3, it will be appreciated that the piston (1 18), and also the thickened portion (101 ), can have any suitable shape.
  • the piston (130) could be cylindrical with a rounded or bevelled end (132), as shown in Figure 7.
  • the piston can be tapered and the thickened portion can have an inwardly stepped bore with parallel sides. Many other embodiments which permit radial expansion to result from relative movement of the piston and thickened portion will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • Figures 8 to 1 1 illustrate yet a further embodiment of a cartridge (200) in accordance with the invention.
  • the cartridge (200) also has a tubular body (202) made from a plastics material and of unitary construction with a leading end (204) and a trailing end (206) with a piston (208) slidably secured therein.
  • the piston (208) is cylindrical with a tapered end (210) extending in the direction of the trailing end (206).
  • each anchor member (214) is associated with each port (212), and in this embodiment, each anchor member (214) has a lug (216) which extends centrally from one side of a curved panel (218).
  • Each lug (216) provides a complementary, sliding fit within a port (212) while the panels (218) are shaped to extend over a part of the outer surface of the body (202).
  • the panels (218) each have a number of longitudinally spaced grooves (219) on their outer surface.
  • the ends (220) of the lugs (216) opposite the panels (218) are engaged, when in use, by the tapered end (210) of the piston (208) and to this end, in this embodiment, the ends (220) of the lugs (216) have a taper complementary to that of the piston (208).
  • a loop of thin wire (221 ) is provided about the anchor members (214) to hold them in place on the body (202). It should be noted that other suitable means could be used, for example, elastic or rubber band, adhesive tape or a tube of a plastics film.
  • a cover (224) is secured over the leading end (204) of the body (202) and a gas producing material (226), preferably a propellant, is provided between the cover (224) and piston (208).
  • a central passage (228) is provided through the piston (208) to accommodate a cable or shock tube (230) with an igniter (232) secured to the end thereof.
  • the igniter is again, as described above, located in a recess (233) in the piston (208).
  • ignition of the gas producing material (226) through operation of the igniter (232) results in the production of gas which causes the piston (208) to move in the direction of the trailing end (206) of the body (202).
  • This movement causes the anchor members (214) to be displaced radially outwardly by the action of the tapered end (210) of the piston (208) on the end (220) of each lug (216) opposite a panel (128).
  • the resulting radial expansion results in a stemming action and effective operation of the cartridge (200).
  • any suitable materials can be used for the cartridges of the present invention and the cable or shock tube can be accommodated in any suitable manner. It is, for example, not required to have a central passage through the piston and a passage could instead be provided extending along the outer surface of thereof.
  • the piston can have any suitable construction and shape and could, for example, be formed from a pair of longitudinally split halves that are secured together. As described, where lines of weakness can be employed instead of slots and can have any suitable form including sulcations, score lines, grooves, perforations and the like.
  • the cover can provide a snap fit over suitable lugs or the like where desired or convenient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cartouche (10) comprenant un corps tubulaire (12) constitué d'une matière plastique et rempli d'une matière productrice de gaz (36). L'extrémité avant (14) du corps (12) est ouverte tandis que l'extrémité arrière (18) présente un épaississement interne (16). La cartouche (10) selon l'invention comprend, sur l'extrémité avant ouverte (14) du corps (12), un élément de recouvrement (38) dimensionné de manière à pouvoir s'emboîter dans un orifice (42) par glissement. Un piston (22) est disposé dans le corps (12) et peut être déplacé par rapport à l'épaississement interne (16) de manière à engendrer une expansion radiale vers l'extérieur du corps (12) après l'allumage de la matière productrice de gaz (36). Ledit piston (22) est en outre configuré pour accueillir un câble ou tube à chocs (26) pour faire fonctionner un allumeur (28).
PCT/IB2013/056810 2012-08-22 2013-08-22 Cartouche WO2014030138A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2012/06317 2012-08-22
ZA201206317 2012-08-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014030138A1 true WO2014030138A1 (fr) 2014-02-27

Family

ID=49517546

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2013/056810 WO2014030138A1 (fr) 2012-08-22 2013-08-22 Cartouche

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2014030138A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017118888A1 (fr) * 2016-01-05 2017-07-13 Technovation Pty Ltd Fragmentation de roche
CN107167045A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-09-15 覃如贤 一种基于非火工品进行工程破裂、破碎的方法
RU2699102C1 (ru) * 2018-12-10 2019-09-03 Виктор Сергеевич Федотенко Подвесная скважинная забойка
WO2020028952A1 (fr) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Trouperdale Pty Ltd Chemisage de trou de mine

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE443550C (de) * 1926-02-20 1927-04-27 Joseph Joesten Dipl Ing Besatzkoerper fuer Sprengluftpatronen
US3954058A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-05-04 Barney Sanders Coal mine shooting plug
DE3321357A1 (de) * 1983-06-14 1984-12-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Industriekartusche
CA2187750A1 (fr) * 1994-04-14 1995-10-26 John D. Watson Fracturation controlee de roches dures par la mise sous pression du fond d'un trou de forage
US20090314177A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 George Laszlo Tamping Device
GB2468133A (en) * 2009-02-26 2010-09-01 Phil Routledge Directional gas pressure device
US20100276984A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2010-11-04 Carroll Bassett Self-stemming cartridge

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE443550C (de) * 1926-02-20 1927-04-27 Joseph Joesten Dipl Ing Besatzkoerper fuer Sprengluftpatronen
US3954058A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-05-04 Barney Sanders Coal mine shooting plug
DE3321357A1 (de) * 1983-06-14 1984-12-20 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf Industriekartusche
CA2187750A1 (fr) * 1994-04-14 1995-10-26 John D. Watson Fracturation controlee de roches dures par la mise sous pression du fond d'un trou de forage
US20100276984A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2010-11-04 Carroll Bassett Self-stemming cartridge
US8342095B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2013-01-01 Carroll Bassett Self-stemming cartridge
US20090314177A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 George Laszlo Tamping Device
GB2468133A (en) * 2009-02-26 2010-09-01 Phil Routledge Directional gas pressure device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017118888A1 (fr) * 2016-01-05 2017-07-13 Technovation Pty Ltd Fragmentation de roche
CN107167045A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-09-15 覃如贤 一种基于非火工品进行工程破裂、破碎的方法
WO2020028952A1 (fr) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Trouperdale Pty Ltd Chemisage de trou de mine
US11549788B2 (en) 2018-08-08 2023-01-10 Trouperdale Pty Ltd Blast hole liner
RU2699102C1 (ru) * 2018-12-10 2019-09-03 Виктор Сергеевич Федотенко Подвесная скважинная забойка

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