WO2014029093A1 - 确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法及系统 - Google Patents
确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014029093A1 WO2014029093A1 PCT/CN2012/080500 CN2012080500W WO2014029093A1 WO 2014029093 A1 WO2014029093 A1 WO 2014029093A1 CN 2012080500 W CN2012080500 W CN 2012080500W WO 2014029093 A1 WO2014029093 A1 WO 2014029093A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of biomedicine and, in particular, to methods and systems for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- Mendelian genetic disease also known as single-gene disease (in this paper, Mendelian genetic disease and single-gene disease are used interchangeably), according to genetic methods can be divided into autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, with sexual dominant , with concealed recessive genetic diseases.
- OMIM online human Mendelian Genetic Database
- the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a method and system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the invention proposes a method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the method comprises: constructing a sequencing library for the nucleic acid sample of the individual; sequencing the sequencing library to obtain a sequencing result, the sequencing result consisting of a plurality of sequencing data; Sequencing the data, determining a known SNP contained in the sequencing result; and determining whether the individual has an abnormal state associated with the known SNP based on the known SNP.
- the SNPs contained in the nucleic acid samples can be efficiently determined by sequencing, and since these SNPs are related to the abnormal state, it is possible to effectively determine whether the source individuals of the nucleic acid samples have abnormalities associated with these SNPs. status.
- the method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state may also have the following additional technical features:
- the individual is a human.
- the human body sample can be detected by the method of determining whether the individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention, so that it is possible to effectively predict whether the person has some abnormal state.
- the abnormal state is a disease.
- the disease is a monogenic disease.
- the monogenic disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of thalassemia and erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
- the thalassemia is beta-thalassemia.
- the nucleic acid sample is at least a portion of an individual's whole genome DNA.
- the nucleic acid sample is extracted from a single cell or a microsample of the individual.
- the single or minimal sample is isolated from at least one member selected from the group consisting of blood, tissue, urine, gametes, fertilized eggs, blastomeres, and embryos.
- the single cells are isolated by at least one selected from the group consisting of a dilution method, a mouth pipette separation method, micromanipulation, microdissection, flow cytometry, and flow control.
- constructing the sequencing library for the nucleic acid sample of the individual further comprises: amplifying the nucleic acid sample to obtain a nucleic acid sample amplification product; and amplifying the product for the nucleic acid sample, The sequencing library was constructed.
- the efficiency of constructing the sequencing library can be improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequent determination of whether or not the individual has an abnormal state.
- the nucleic acid sample is whole genome DNA extracted from a single cell of an individual, for example, may be a whole-base genomic DNA released by lysing a single cell of an individual, wherein the whole genome DNA is Amplification is carried out by at least one selected from the group consisting of PEP-PCR, DOP-PCR, OmniPlex WGA and MDA.
- the efficiency of amplifying whole genome DNA can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the method before constructing the sequencing library for the nucleic acid sample amplification product, the method further comprises: screening the nucleic acid sample amplification product by using a nucleic acid probe to obtain a predetermined region. Amplification product of the nucleic acid sample; and constructing the sequencing library for the nucleic acid sample amplification product from the predetermined region.
- the predetermined area is at least one exon area. Thereby, the known SNPs included in the predetermined area can be effectively determined, whereby the efficiency of determining the abnormal state related to the SNPs according to the predetermined SNPs included in the predetermined area such as the exon area can be effectively improved. And accuracy.
- the nucleic acid probe is provided in the form of a chip. Thereby, the efficiency of screening using the nucleic acid probe can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether the individual has an abnormal state.
- the sequencing is performed using at least one selected from the group consisting of Illumina Hiseq 2000, Genome Analyzer, SOLiD sequencing system, Ion Torrents Ion Proton, 454, PacBio RS sequencing system, Helicos tSMS technology, and nanopore sequencing technology. ongoing. Thereby, the high-throughput, deep-sequencing characteristics of these sequencing devices can be utilized to further improve the efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the sequencing is performed using Illumina Hiseq 2000, which is 90 bp in length. Thereby, the efficiency of subsequent SNP analysis can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the determining the known SNPs included in the sequencing result based on the sequencing data is performed by comparing the sequencing data with a reference gene.
- the reference gene is a known human genomic sequence.
- the alignment is performed by SOAP/SOAP2 software.
- the method further comprises filtering the known SNPs included in the sequencing result, the filtering is based on the following filtering conditions: SNP calling quality value is greater than 20; SNP site sequencing depth is greater than 8; SNP The depth of the locus is less than 5 times the average depth of the genome; the copy number of the SNP locus is no more than 2; and the distance between the SNP locus and the nearest other SNP loci is greater than 5.
- SNP calling quality value is greater than 20
- SNP site sequencing depth is greater than 8
- SNP The depth of the locus is less than 5 times the average depth of the genome; the copy number of the SNP locus is no more than 2; and the distance between the SNP locus and the nearest other SNP loci is greater than 5.
- the known SNP is located in the human chromosome HBB gene region. In one embodiment of the invention, the known SNP is said to be at least one selected from the group consisting of: rs33985472, rs63750954, rs63751128, rs33978907, rs34029390, rs34809925, rs33953406, rs33910569, rs33910569, rs33971634, rs3392539 rs33946267, rs35485099, rs36015961, rs33930977, rs35256489, rs33952266, rs33952266, rs33952266, rs33914668, rs33913413, rs33913413, rs34483965, rs34793594, rs35703285,
- the invention proposes a system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the system comprises: a sequencing library construction device for constructing a sequencing library for a nucleic acid sample of the individual; a sequencing device, the sequencing device and the sequencing library construction device Connected for sequencing the sequencing library to obtain a sequencing result, the sequencing result consisting of a plurality of sequencing data; a SNP determining device, the SNP determining device being coupled to the sequencing device for performing the sequencing based Data, determining a known SNP included in the sequencing result; and abnormal state determining means, the abnormal device determining means being connected to the SNP determining means for determining whether the individual is suffering based on the known SNP There are abnormal states associated with the known SNPs.
- a method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state as described above, using a system according to an embodiment of the present invention for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state, thereby efficiently determining a SNP contained in a nucleic acid sample by sequencing, and Since these SNPs are related to abnormal states, it is thereby possible to effectively determine whether the source individuals of the nucleic acid samples have abnormal states associated with these SNPs.
- the system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state may also have the following additional technical features:
- the system further comprises: a nucleic acid sample extraction device adapted to extract at least a portion of the individual's whole genomic DNA from a single cell or a micro sample of the individual.
- the system further comprises: a biological sample separation device adapted to be selected from the group consisting of blood, tissue, urine, gametes, fertilized eggs, blastomeres, and embryos At least one separates a single cell or a microsample.
- a biological sample separation device adapted to be selected from the group consisting of blood, tissue, urine, gametes, fertilized eggs, blastomeres, and embryos At least one separates a single cell or a microsample.
- the biological sample separation device is adapted to be separated by a method selected from a dilution method and a mouth pipette Method, micromanipulation, microdissection, flow cytometry, microfluidic separation of at least one isolated single cell or microsample.
- the above-described method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can be effectively implemented using a system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the single cells of the biological sample can be obtained efficiently and conveniently, so that the subsequent operations can be performed, whereby the single cells can be effectively separated from the individual, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether the individual has an abnormal state.
- the sequencing library construction device further comprises: a nucleic acid sample amplification unit, wherein the nucleic acid sample amplification unit is adapted to amplify the nucleic acid sample to obtain a nucleic acid sample amplification product.
- the amplification unit is adapted to perform at least one selected from the group consisting of PEP-PCR, DOP-PCR, OmniPlex WGA, and MDA.
- the above-described method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can be effectively implemented using a system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention. Thereby, the efficiency of amplifying whole genome DNA can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the sequencing library construction device further includes: a sorting unit, wherein the screening unit is provided with a nucleic acid probe to screen the nucleic acid sample amplification product by using the nucleic acid probe And obtaining a nucleic acid sample amplification product from a predetermined region; and constructing the sequencing library for the nucleic acid sample amplification product from the predetermined region.
- the nucleic acid probe is provided in the form of a chip.
- the efficiency of screening using the nucleic acid probe can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether the individual has an abnormal state.
- the sequencing device is at least selected from the group consisting of Illumina Hiseq2000, Genome Analyzer, SOLiD sequencing system, Ion Torrent, Ion Proton, 454, PacBio RS sequencing system, Helicos tSMS sequencing device, and nanopore sequencing device.
- Illumina Hiseq2000 Genome Analyzer
- SOLiD sequencing system Ion Torrent
- Ion Proton 454, PacBio RS sequencing system
- Helicos tSMS sequencing device Helicos tSMS sequencing device
- nanopore sequencing device is at least selected from the group consisting of Illumina Hiseq2000, Genome Analyzer, SOLiD sequencing system, Ion Torrent, Ion Proton, 454, PacBio RS sequencing system, Helicos tSMS sequencing device, and nanopore sequencing device.
- the sequencing is performed using Illumina Hiseq 2000, which is 90 bp in length. Thereby, the efficiency of subsequent SNP analysis can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state
- the SNP determining apparatus further includes: a comparing unit, configured to determine, by comparing the sequencing data with a reference gene, the included in the sequencing result Know the SNP.
- the comparison unit is adapted to perform alignment using SOAP/SOAP2 software.
- the SNP determining apparatus further includes: a SNP filtering unit, wherein the SNP filtering unit is adapted to filter the known SNPs included in the sequencing result based on the following filtering conditions: SNP calling The mass value is greater than 20; the SNP site sequencing depth is greater than 8; the SNP site depth is less than 5 times the genome average depth; the SNP site copy number is not greater than 2; and the distance between the SNP site and the nearest other SNP site is greater than 5.
- SNP calling The mass value is greater than 20; the SNP site sequencing depth is greater than 8; the SNP site depth is less than 5 times the genome average depth; the SNP site copy number is not greater than 2; and the distance between the SNP site and the nearest other SNP site is greater than 5.
- the known SNP is located in the human chromosome HBB gene region.
- the known SNP is at least one selected from the group consisting of: rs33985472, rs63750954, rs63751128, rs33978907, rs34029390, rs34809925, rs33953406, rs33910569, rs33910569, rs33971634, rs3392539 rs33946267, rs35485099, rs36015961, rs33930977, rs35256489, rs33952266, rs33952266, rs33952266, rs33914668, rs33913413, rs33913413, rs34483965, rs34793594, rs35703285, rs
- the above-described method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can be effectively implemented using a system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is thus possible to effectively determine whether the subject has a risk of thalassemia, especially beta-thalassemia.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to another embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state, according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed description of the invention
- abnormal state as used herein shall be understood broadly, and may be any state different from the normal state of an individual such as a person, and may include, for example, a disease, an immune abnormality, or the like.
- the abnormal state is a disease.
- the type of the disease is not particularly limited, and according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the disease is a single gene disease.
- a single gene disease monotherapy is usually a disease or pathological trait controlled by a pair of alleles. Therefore, by detecting SNPs associated with a single gene disease, it is possible to effectively determine whether the subject under study has the disease.
- the monogenic disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of thalassemia and erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
- the thalassemia is beta-thalassemia.
- the invention proposes a method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the method includes:
- a sequencing library is first constructed for individual nucleic acid samples, which can be used for subsequent sequencing and results analysis.
- the term "individual” is used without limitation, and may be any organism containing genetic information, for example, may be human. Thus, it is possible to determine whether an individual is suffering from an embodiment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the method of abnormal state detects the human body sample, so that it can effectively predict whether a person has some abnormal state.
- the method further includes the step of extracting a nucleic acid sample from an individual.
- nucleic acid sample as used herein shall be understood broadly and may be a DNA sample or It can be an RNA sample, or it can be a modified or processed DNA sample or RNA sample, as long as the genetic sequence can be determined by sequencing.
- the nucleic acid sample can be at least a portion of an individual's whole genome DNA.
- the whole genome DNA contains all the genetic information of the individual, and thus, by sequencing and SNP analysis of the whole genome DNA, the SNP information of the individual can be obtained more effectively and completely, thereby further improving whether the individual has an abnormality. The efficiency and accuracy of the state method.
- the nucleic acid sample is extracted from a single cell or a microsample of the individual.
- the method and means for obtaining a nucleic acid sample from a single cell or a micro sample are not particularly limited, and for example, single cell cleavage may be carried out by using a lysate to effect release and collect single cell whole genome DNA.
- the single or minimal sample is isolated from at least one member selected from the group consisting of blood, tissue, urine, gametes, fertilized eggs, blastomeres, and embryos.
- the efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can be improved by effectively predicting and evaluating whether an individual has an abnormal state by a small sample from an individual, and the cost of determining whether the individual has an abnormal state is reduced.
- these samples can be easily obtained from organisms, and can be specifically sampled for certain diseases to take specific analytical measures for certain specific diseases.
- the single cells are isolated by at least one selected from the group consisting of a dilution method, a mouth pipette separation method, micromanipulation, microdissection, flow cytometry, and microfluidics.
- the obtained nucleic acid sample can be expanded, especially for a nucleic acid sample extracted from a single cell or a micro sample.
- constructing a sequencing library for the nucleic acid sample of the individual further comprises: amplifying the obtained nucleic acid sample to obtain a nucleic acid sample amplification product (S102).
- a product can be amplified from the obtained nucleic acid sample to construct a sequencing library.
- the method of amplifying a nucleic acid sample according to an embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the nucleic acid sample employed is whole genome DNA extracted from a single cell of an individual, and amplification of the coupon genomic DNA can be performed by selecting from PEP-PCR, DOP-PCR, OmniPlex Conducted by at least one of WGA and MDA.
- the efficiency of amplifying whole genome DNA can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the step of lysing the single cells to release the whole genome of the single cells may be further included.
- a method which can be used for lysing a single cell and releasing a whole genome is not particularly limited as long as single cell lysis can be preferably sufficiently lysed.
- the single cell can be cleaved and released using an alkaline lysate Single-genome whole genome. The inventors have found that this can effectively lyse single cells and release the whole genome, and the released whole genome can improve the accuracy when sequencing, thereby further improving the efficiency of determining single cell chromosome aneuploidy.
- the method of single-cell whole genome amplification is not particularly limited, and PCR-based methods such as PEP-PCR, DOP-PCR, and OmniPlex WGA may be employed, and non-PCR-based methods may be employed, for example. MDA (multiple strand displacement amplification).
- a PCR based method such as the OmniPlex WGA method, is preferably employed.
- Commercial kits of choice include, but are not limited to, GenomePlex from Sigma Aldrich, PicoPlex from Rubicon Genomics, REPLI-g from Qiagen, illustra GenomiPhi from GE Healthcare, and the like.
- the single cell whole genome can be amplified using OmniPlex WGA prior to construction of the sequencing library.
- the whole genome can be efficiently amplified, thereby further improving the efficiency of determining whether the individual has an abnormal state.
- the method before constructing the sequencing library for the nucleic acid sample amplification product, further comprises: screening the nucleic acid sample amplification product by using a nucleic acid probe to obtain a predetermined region. Amplification product of the nucleic acid sample; and constructing the sequencing library for the nucleic acid sample amplification product from the predetermined region.
- the predetermined area is at least one exon area.
- the method of screening the amplification product of the nucleic acid sample by means of the nucleic acid probe is not particularly limited, and may be a solid phase screening or a liquid phase hybridization.
- the nucleic acid probe can be provided in the form of a chip. Thereby, the efficiency of screening using the nucleic acid probe can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether the individual has an abnormal state.
- the nucleic acid sample of the predetermined region can also be analyzed by other known methods, for example, the nucleic acid sample is subjected to PC using a specific primer, thereby obtaining a related amplification product of a predetermined region. Thereby, a sequencing library of the predetermined region is constructed, and information about the predetermined region is obtained.
- a method of constructing a sequencing library for a nucleic acid sample of an individual is not particularly limited.
- Those skilled in the art can select different methods for constructing a whole genome sequencing library according to the specific scheme of the genome sequencing technology adopted.
- For details on constructing the whole genome sequencing library refer to the protocol provided by the manufacturer of the sequencing instrument, such as Illumina, for example, see Illumina Corporation Multiplexing Sample Preparation Guide (Part #1005361; Feb 2010) or Paired-End SamplePrep Guide (Part #1005063; Feb 2010), which is incorporated herein by reference.
- sequencing can be performed using at least one selected from the group consisting of Illumina Hiseq 2000, Genome Analyzer, SOLiD sequencing system, Ion Torrents Ion Proton, 454, PacBio RS sequencing system, Helicos tSMS technology, and nanopore sequencing technology.
- Illumina Hiseq 2000 Genome Analyzer
- SOLiD sequencing system Ion Torrents Ion Proton
- 454 PacBio RS sequencing system
- Helicos tSMS technology Helicos tSMS technology
- nanopore sequencing technology nanopore sequencing technology
- the length of the sequencing data obtained by whole genome sequencing is not particularly limited.
- the sequencing data is 90 bp in length using Illumina Hiseq2000. Applicants have surprisingly found that when the length of the sequencing data is about 90 bp, the sequencing data can be greatly facilitated, the analysis efficiency is improved, and the cost of the analysis can be significantly reduced. The efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state is further improved, and the cost of determining whether the individual has an abnormal state is reduced.
- sequence data refers to the average of the length values of individual sequencing data.
- the genetic information contained in the sequencing result can be obtained by analyzing the sequencing data included in the sequencing result, for example, SNP information can be obtained.
- the method of analyzing the sequencing data contained in the sequencing result to obtain the SNP information is not particularly limited.
- SNP information in the obtained sequencing result can be determined by comparing the obtained sequencing data with a reference gene.
- the reference gene used is a known human genome sequence, which may be, for example, Hgl9, NCBI Build 37.
- the reference gene used is a known human genome sequence, which may be, for example, Hgl9, NCBI Build 37.
- the reference gene used is a known human genome sequence, which may be, for example, Hgl9, NCBI Build 37.
- those skilled in the art may also use other known sequences as reference sequences, for example, The known SNPs were used as a reference sequence for alignment.
- the method and software employed for the comparison are not particularly limited.
- the alignment between the sequencing data and the reference sequence can be performed using SOAP/SOAP2 software.
- sequencing data may also be assembled first, and the assembly result is compared with a reference sequence. Thereby, the sequencing data contained in the sequencing result can be effectively analyzed, so that the SNP contained in the sequencing result can be effectively determined, and the efficiency of determining whether the individual has an abnormal state can be improved.
- SOAP/SOAP2 software provides accurate alignment of short-sequence data from Illumina sequencing systems.
- the statistical data quality value, the comparison rate, the GC content, the repetition rate, the genome coverage, the sequencing depth, and the like may be used according to the comparison result, and the sequencing data is quality-controlled according to the above information.
- the useless data that cannot be compared or repeated is removed. Get a valid data set for subsequent analysis.
- the obtained SNP information may also be filtered, for example, by pairing the sequencing results based on the preset filtering conditions.
- SNPs are known for filtration.
- the filtering conditions that can be employed are at least one of the following:
- the SNP calling quality value is greater than 20.
- SNP calling quality value refers to the scoring result given to the confidence of each SNP during the operation of the SOAP analysis software.
- SNP site sequencing depth is greater than 8;
- the depth of the SNP locus is less than 5 times the average depth of the genome
- SNP site copy number is not greater than 2;
- the distance between the SNP site and the nearest other SNP site is greater than 5, and the expression "distance between two SNP sites” as used herein refers to the bases between the two SNP sites.
- the number for example, “the distance is greater than 5", that is, the number of bases separated by two sites is greater than five.
- the obtained SNP results can be effectively filtered, so that the accuracy and efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can be effectively improved.
- sequencing data is obtained by sequencing, and the sequencing data is analyzed, SNP information contained in the sequencing result can be obtained. Further, the SNP can be analyzed to determine whether the individual has an abnormal state associated with the SNP, such as whether or not there is a single-gene disease associated with the SNP.
- the type of SNP that can be employed is not particularly limited.
- the known SNP is located in the human chromosome HBB gene region.
- the known SNP is at least one selected from the group consisting of: rs33985472, rs63750954, rs63751128, rs33978907, rs34029390, rs34809925, rs33953406, rs33910569, rs33910569, rs33971634, rs3392539 rs33946267, rs35485099, rs36015961, rs33930977, rs35256489, rs33952266, rs33952266, rs33952266, rs33914668, rs33913413, rs33913413, rs3434
- the SNP information of the individual can be efficiently obtained by the above method, and the desired SNP information can be extracted for the relevant gene of the specific disease to be studied, and the typing result of the target gene can be obtained.
- the disease annotation can be performed by comparing with the existing database, and whether the corresponding SNP variation information causes the disease can be determined, and the embryo or individual corresponding to the single cell or the micro sample can be judged.
- the corresponding embryo or individual is judged to be a carrier of the Mendelian genetic disease gene.
- the present invention provides a system 1000 for determining whether an individual has an abnormal condition.
- the system 1000 includes: a sequencing library construction device 100, a sequencing device 200,
- the SNP determining device 300 and the abnormal state determining device 400 are identical to each other.
- the sequencing library construction device 100 is configured to construct a sequencing library for a nucleic acid sample of an individual.
- the sequencing device 200 is coupled to the sequencing library construction device 100, and thus, can be used to sequence the constructed sequencing library to obtain sequencing results composed of a plurality of sequencing data.
- SNP determining device 300 is coupled to the sequencing device for determining a known SNP contained in the sequencing result based on the obtained sequencing data.
- the abnormal state determining device 400 is connected to the SNP determining device, thereby for determining whether the individual has the known SNP based on the previously determined known SNPs included in the sequencing result. Related exception status.
- the method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state described above can be effectively performed using a system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention, thereby efficiently determining the inclusion in the nucleic acid sample by sequencing.
- SNPs SNPs, and since these SNPs are related to abnormal states, it is thereby possible to effectively determine whether the source individuals of the nucleic acid samples have abnormal states associated with these SNPs.
- the system may further comprise a nucleic acid sample extraction device 101.
- the nucleic acid sample extraction device 101 is adapted to extract at least a portion of the individual's whole genome DNA from a single cell or a micro sample of the individual.
- the system 1000 can further comprise at least one single cell suitable for isolation from an individual selected from the group consisting of blood, tissue, urine, gametes, fertilized eggs, blastomeres, and embryos. A biological sample separation device for micro-samples.
- the efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can be improved by effectively predicting and evaluating whether an individual has an abnormal state by a small sample from an individual, and the cost of determining whether the individual has an abnormal state is reduced.
- these samples can be easily obtained from organisms, and can be specifically sampled for certain diseases to take specific analytical measures for certain specific diseases.
- the biological sample separation device is adapted to separate at least one single cell selected from the group consisting of a dilution method, a mouth pipette separation method, a micromanipulation, a microdissection, a flow cytometry, and a microfluidic control. Or a small sample.
- the above-described method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can be effectively implemented using a system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the single cells of the biological sample can be obtained efficiently and conveniently, so that the subsequent operations can be performed, whereby the single cells can be effectively separated from the individual, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether the individual has an abnormal state.
- the sequencing library construction device may further comprise a nucleic acid sample amplification unit adapted to amplify the nucleic acid sample to obtain a nucleic acid sample amplification product.
- the amplification unit is adapted to perform at least one selected from the group consisting of PEP-PCR, DOP-PCR, OmniPlex WGA, and MDA.
- the efficiency of amplifying whole genome DNA can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the above-described method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can be effectively implemented using a system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the efficiency of amplifying whole genome DNA can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the operation mode of the "nucleic acid sample extraction device” is not particularly limited as long as the relevant nucleic acid sample can be obtained and the obtained nucleic acid sample is suitable for subsequent operations, for example, a whole genome from a single cell or a micro sample.
- DNA can be released by lysing single cells with lysate and collecting single-cell whole genome DNA.
- the sequencing library construction device may further include a screening unit.
- a nucleic acid probe is disposed in the screening unit to screen the nucleic acid sample amplification product with a nucleic acid probe to obtain a nucleic acid sample amplification product from a predetermined region; and to amplify a product for a nucleic acid sample from a predetermined region,
- the sequencing library was constructed. Thereby, the known SNPs included in the predetermined area can be effectively determined, whereby the efficiency of determining the abnormal state related to the SNPs according to the predetermined SNPs included in the predetermined area such as the exon area can be effectively improved. And accuracy.
- the nucleic acid probe may be provided in the form of a chip.
- the efficiency of screening by using a nucleic acid probe can be further improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of subsequently determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the sequencing device is selected from Illumina Hiseq2000, Genome Analyzer. ⁇ At least one of a SOLiD sequencing system, an Ion Torrent, an Ion Proton, 454, a PacBio RS sequencing system, a Helicos tSMS sequencing device, and a nanopore sequencing device. Thereby, it is possible to utilize the high of these sequencing devices The characteristics of flux and deep sequencing further improve the efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the sequencing is performed using an Illumina Hiseq 2000, the sequencing data being 90 bp in length.
- the efficiency of subsequent SNP analysis can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state.
- the SNP determining apparatus further includes: a comparing unit configured to determine a known SNP included in the sequencing result by comparing the sequencing data with a reference gene .
- the comparison unit is adapted to perform alignment using SOAP/SOAP2 software. Thereby, the sequencing data included in the sequencing result can be effectively analyzed, so that the SNP included in the sequencing result can be effectively determined, and the efficiency of determining whether the individual has an abnormal state can be improved.
- the SNP determining apparatus may further include: a SNP filtering unit, wherein the SNP filtering unit is adapted to filter the known SNPs included in the sequencing result based on the following filtering conditions: SNP calling quality The value is greater than 20; the sequencing depth of the SNP site is greater than 8; the depth of the SNP site is less than 5 times the average depth of the genome; the copy number of the SNP site is not greater than 2; and the distance between the SNP site and the nearest other SNP site is greater than 5 .
- SNP calling quality The value is greater than 20; the sequencing depth of the SNP site is greater than 8; the depth of the SNP site is less than 5 times the average depth of the genome; the copy number of the SNP site is not greater than 2; and the distance between the SNP site and the nearest other SNP site is greater than 5 .
- the known SNP is located in the human chromosome HBB gene region.
- the known SNP is at least one selected from the group consisting of: rs33985472, rs63750954, rs63751128, rs33978907, rs34029390, rs34809925, rs33953406, rs33910569, rs33910569, rs33971634, rs3392539 rs33946267, rs35485099, rs36015961, rs33930977, rs35256489, rs33952266, rs33952266, rs33952266, rs33914668, rs33913413, rs33913413, rs34483965, rs34793594, rs35703285, rs
- the system for determining whether an individual has an abnormal state can effectively implement the foregoing A method of determining whether an individual has an abnormal state. Therefore, it can be effectively judged whether the subject has suffering from thalassemia, especially ⁇ -thalassemia.
- the term "connected,” as used herein, is to be understood broadly and can be either directly connected or indirectly connected, even using the same container or device, as long as functional linkages are possible, such as nucleic acid sample extraction and
- the nucleic acid sample amplification can be carried out in the same apparatus, that is, after the nucleic acid sample is extracted, the nucleic acid sample amplification processing can be performed in the same apparatus or container, and the extracted nucleic acid sample set does not need to be transported to other ones.
- Equipment or container as long as the conditions within the device (including the reaction conditions and the composition of the reaction system) are converted to be suitable for nucleic acid sample amplification reaction, thus achieving the functional connection between nucleic acid sample extraction and nucleic acid sample amplification , can also be considered to be covered by the term "connected".
- single-cell disease is detected on a single cell or a microsample using a method comprising the following steps:
- S3 sequencing sample preparation (library preparation);
- S7 SNP extraction and filtration to obtain the typing result of the target gene
- IVF-PGD in vitro fertilization-embryo preimplantation genetic diagnosis
- sperm and eggs are fertilized in vitro and cultured in vitro to the third day to form blastomeres at 5-8 cell stage.
- a conventional biopsy was performed. Under the micromanipulator, a blastomere single cell was taken out, placed in a PCR tube containing the lysate, and stored at -80 °C. The blastomere after biopsy continues to culture until the fifth day, reaching the embryonic stage, can be vitrified, or used directly for implantation.
- Single-cell whole-genome amplification was performed using Qiagen's REPLI-g Mini Kit kit according to the manufacturer's protocol.
- the blastomere single cells were first subjected to alkaline lysis, and then the amplification reaction solution was added for constant temperature expansion at 30 °C. increase.
- a DNA sequencing library was constructed using the Illumina Paired-End DNA Sample Prep Kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. Three libraries were prepared for the blastomere single-cell whole genome amplification products obtained in the previous section. The expected inserts of the library were 200 bp, 350 bp, and 500 bp, respectively. The actual insert size is shown in Table 1.
- High throughput sequencing was performed using the Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing system.
- a strategy for whole genome sequencing of blastomere single cells is employed.
- the well-prepared library of blastomere single-cell amplification products was prepared by cBot, and then run on the Hiseq2000 sequencer.
- the sequencing length was 90 bp, and the Pair End was sequenced in two directions. One lane was measured for each library, and three lanes were measured.
- Sequencing data were aligned using SOAP2 software and referenced to the human reference genome sequence (Hgl9; NCBI Build37), allowing up to two base mismatches when aligned.
- the raw data quality, GC content, actual insert fragment size, alignment rate, repetition rate, and genomic coverage and sequencing depth were calculated based on the alignment results. See Table 1 for specific information.
- the quality of the sequencing data is controlled by these statistical results. In this example, we obtained a total of 38.25X of the whole genome, and the statistical results of the data were all up to standard. After that, the data of the upper reference genome and the repeated data are not removed, and a valid data set is obtained for SNP analysis.
- Sample PE reads PE Unique Coverage Mean Depth Duplication Rate
- BLSl is the number of single-cell samples of blastomeres
- BLSl(total) is the statistical result of the combination of three lane data of BLSl sample
- Q20 (%) is the ratio of the data of quality value above 20 to the total amount of data.
- GC (%) indicates the actual GC content percentage of the sequencing data
- Insert Size indicates the actual library insert size of the sequencing data
- Clean Reads indicates the amount of read data remaining after the low-quality read is removed
- PE-alignment indicates both ends of the Pair End. Both can read the ratio of the read data of the reference genome to the total data volume
- PE reads that both ends of the Pair End can compare the read data of the reference genome
- PE Unique means that both ends of the Pair End can be uniquely aligned to the reference genome.
- the amount of read data Coverage represents the coverage of the whole genome
- Mean Depth represents the average depth of the whole genome
- Duplication Rate represents the ratio of repeated read data to total read data.
- This embodiment uses the SOAPsnp software to perform SNP Calling on the valid data sets obtained above according to the instructions of SOAPsnp (see http://soa.genomics.org.cn/soapsn, html, which is incorporated herein by reference). Finally, the SNP data set is obtained.
- the SNP data set obtained above is filtered, and the filtering conditions are as follows:
- SNP calling quality value is greater than 20;
- the sequencing depth of the site is greater than 8.
- the depth of the site is less than 5 times the average depth of the genome
- the copy number of the site is not more than 2;
- the distance between the SNP and the nearest SNP is greater than 5.
- the filtered SNP data extracts SNPs located in the target gene region for the disease-related genes to be detected.
- the gene for ⁇ -thalassemia is detected to detect whether the corresponding blastomere embryo has ⁇ -sea aquaemia, or whether it is a carrier of the ⁇ thalassemia disease gene. Therefore, in this example, the SNP locus located in the ⁇ gene region of chromosome 11 was extracted, and the specific information is shown in Table 2.
- ⁇ Chromosome indicates the chromosome number
- Locus indicates the site number of the base corresponding to the SNP on the chromosome
- Ref indicates the base type of the corresponding site on the human reference genome in the database
- Blastomere indicates the corresponding SNP position in the blastomere single cell data.
- the type information of the point Mutation indicates the mutation type of the corresponding site existing in the database
- the SNP ID indicates the ID number of the SNP site in the database
- Gene indicates which gene region the SNP site is located in.
- the disease annotation is further made based on the SNP information of the target gene filtered and extracted as described above.
- heterozygous SNP variants were found in the 5247141 and 5247791 bases of chromosome 11, respectively, which are located in the HBB gene region. Homozygous mutations at these two sites can cause beta thalassemia.
- the two sites are heterozygous mutations, indicating that the blastomeres corresponding to the single cells are carriers of the ⁇ -thalassemia pathogenic gene.
- the blood sample of this example is derived from a human individual with a normal phenotype. A small amount of blood sample was taken and centrifuged to separate the leukocyte layer. The leukocytes were washed with PBS, suspended in PBS droplets, and the individual leukocytes were separated by a mouth pipe, placed in 1-2 ⁇ l of alkaline cell lysate, and frozen at -80 ° C for more than 30 min.
- Qiagen's REPLI-g Mini Kit kit was used. According to the manufacturer's protocol, blood single cells were subjected to alkaline lysis after treatment at 65 °C for 10 minutes, and then amplified reaction solution was added for constant temperature amplification at 30 °C.
- the Agilent chip used in this example targets a target area of 2.1 M in size, including all exon regions of one hundred single gene disease-associated genes.
- the captured and constructed sequencing libraries were subjected to high throughput sequencing.
- This example uses the Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing system for high throughput sequencing.
- a strategy for chip capture sequencing of blood single cells is adopted, and the target region is all exon regions of one hundred single gene disease-related genes, about 2.1 M in size.
- a well-prepared chip capture library prepared by blood single-cell amplification products was prepared by cBot, and then run on a Hiseq2000 sequencer.
- the sequencing length was 90 bp, and Pair End was bidirectionally sequenced.
- the amount of sequencing data was expected to be 1 to 2 G bases.
- Sequencing data were aligned using SOAP2 software and referenced to the human reference genome sequence (Hgl9; NCBI Build37), allowing up to two base mismatches when aligned.
- the raw data quality, GC content, alignment rate, repetition rate, and genomic coverage and sequencing depth were calculated based on the alignment results.
- the specific information is shown in Table 3.
- the quality of the measured data is controlled by these statistical results. In this embodiment, we obtain a total amount of data of 457X in the target area, and the statistical results of the data can reach the standard. After that, the data of the upper reference genome and the repeated data are not removed, and a valid data set is obtained for SNP analysis.
- GC (%) indicates the actual GC content percentage of the sequencing data
- Reads indicates the amount of read data remaining after the read of the low quality value is removed
- Production indicates the amount of base data calculated according to the Reads value
- PE-alignment indicates the both ends of the Pair End Both can compare the ratio of the read data of the reference genome to the total data volume
- PE Unique indicates that the pair of Pair ends can uniquely compare the read data to the reference genome
- Coverage indicates the coverage of the whole genome
- Mean Depth indicates the whole genome.
- Duplication Rate indicates the ratio of the repeated read data to the total read data
- the specificity (Reads) indicates the ratio of the read data amount of the target area to the total read data.
- the specificity (Bases) indicates the specific alignment. The ratio of the amount of base data in the target area to the total amount of base data.
- This embodiment uses the SOAPsnp software according to the instructions of SOAPsnp (see http://soap.genoniics, org m''soapsnp.htrnl, which is incorporated herein by reference) for the valid data set obtained above. Perform SNP Calling and finally obtain the SNP data set.
- the SNP data set obtained above is filtered, and the filtering conditions are as follows:
- SNP calling quality value is greater than 20;
- the sequencing depth of the site is greater than 8.
- the depth of the site is less than 5 times the average depth of the target region
- the copy number of the site is not more than 2;
- the distance between the SNP and the nearest SNP is greater than 5.
- the filtered SNP data extracts SNPs located in the target gene region for the disease-related genes to be detected.
- the gene for ⁇ -thalassemia is detected to detect whether the corresponding blastomere embryo has ⁇ -sea aquaemia, or whether it is a carrier of the ⁇ thalassemia disease gene. Therefore, in this example, the SNP locus located in the ⁇ gene region of chromosome 11 was extracted, and the specific information is shown in Table 4.
- Chromosome indicates the chromosome number
- Locus indicates the site number of the base corresponding to the SNP on the chromosome
- Ref indicates the base type of the corresponding site on the human reference genome in the database
- Blood Cell indicates the corresponding SNP site in the blood single cell data.
- the type information, Mutation indicates the type of mutation of the corresponding site existing in the database
- the SNP ID indicates the ID number of the SNP site in the database
- Gene indicates which gene region the SNP site is located in.
- the SNP information of the target gene filtered and extracted above is further subjected to disease annotation.
- no heterozygous or homozygous mutation site was detected in the HBB gene region, indicating that the individual corresponding to the blood single cell in the present example is not a beta thalassemia disease patient, nor is it a beta thalassemia disease gene carrier.
- the beta thalassemia disease gene region is a normal genotype.
- embodiments of the present invention enable a method for detecting Mendelian genetic diseases (single-gene diseases) on single-cell or micro-samples based on high-throughput sequencing.
- the invention can be effectively applied to the construction and sequencing of a DNA sequencing library of sample DNA, and the obtained library has good quality and accurate sequencing results.
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Description
确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法及系统
优先权信息
无
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学领域, 具体而言, 涉及确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法及系 统。
背景技术
孟德尔遗传病又称单基因疾病(在本文中, 孟德尔遗传病和单基因疾病是可以互换 使用的) , 根据遗传方式可分为常染色体显性、 常染色体隐性、 伴性显性、 伴性隐性遗 传病等。 截止至 2012年 5月, 在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库 (OMIM)中已经收录的单基因 疾病相关基因一共有 21 ,250种, 其中疾病表型描述准确且其遗传机理比较清楚的大约 有 3,500种左右。
然而, 目前对单基因疾病的研究仍有待改进。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。 为此, 本发明提出了一种确 定个体是否患有异常状态的方法及系统。
在本发明的一个方面, 本发明提出了一种确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 根据本 发明的实施例, 该方法包括: 针对所述个体的核酸样本, 构建测序文库; 对所述测序文库 进行测序, 以便获得测序结果, 所述测序结果由多个测序数据构成; 基于所述测序数据, 确定所述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP; 以及基于所述已知 SNP, 确定所述个体是否患有 与所述已知 SNP相关的异常状态。 利用该方法, 可以有效地通过测序确定核酸样本中所包 含的 SNP, 并且由于这些 SNP与异常状态是相关的, 由此, 可以有效地确定核酸样本的来 源个体是否患有与这些 SNP相关的异常状态。
根据本发明的实施例, 该确定个体是否患异常状态的方法还可以具有下列附加技术特 征:
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述个体为人。 由此, 可以利用根据本发明实施例的确定 个体是否患有异常状态的方法, 对人体样本进行检测, 从而可以有效地对人是否患有某些 异常状态进行预测。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述异常状态为疾病。 优选, 所述疾病为单基因疾病。 才艮
据本发明的具体示例, 所述单基因疾病为选自地中海贫血症和红细胞葡萄糖 -6-磷酸脱氢酶 缺陷症的至少一种。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述地中海贫血症为 β-地中海贫血症。 由 此, 可以有效地对人类的疾病尤其是单基因疾病的患病风险进行有效地预测和评估。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述核酸样本为个体的全基因组 DNA的至少一部分。由此, 可以进一步提高确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法的效率和准确性。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述核酸样本是从个体的单细胞或者微量样本中提取的。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述单细胞或者微量样本是从个体的选自血液、 组织、 尿液、 配子、 受精卵、 卵裂球和胚胎的至少一种分离的。 由此, 可以通过对来自个体的少量样本 对个体是否患有异常状态进行有效地预测和评估, 从而提高了确定个体是否患有异常状态 的效率, 降低了确定个体是否患有异常状态的成本。 另外, 可以方便地从生物体获取这些 样本, 并且能够具体地针对某些疾病采取不同的样本, 从而针对某些特殊疾病采取特定的 分析手段。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述单细胞是通过选自稀释法、 口吸管分离法、 显微操作、 显微切割、 流式细胞分离术、 流控的至少一种分离的。 由此, 能够有效便捷地获得生物 样本的单细胞, 以便实施后续操作, 由此, 可以有效地从个体中分离单细胞, 从而进一步 提高了后续确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 针对所述个体的核酸样本, 构建测序文库进一步包括: 对 所述核酸样本进行扩增, 以便得到核酸样本扩增产物; 以及针对所述核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库。 由此, 可以提高构建测序文库的效率, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个 体是否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述核酸样本为从个体的单细胞提取的全基因组 DNA, 例 如可以为通过裂解个体的单细胞而释放的全基基因组 DNA,其中,针对所述全基因组 DNA 进行扩增是通过选自 PEP-PCR、 DOP-PCR、 OmniPlex WGA和 MDA的至少一种进行的。 由此, 可以进一步提高扩增全基因组 DNA的效率, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是否患 有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 在针对所述核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库之前, 进一步包括: 利用核酸探针对所述核酸样本扩增产物进行筛选, 以便获得来自预定区域的 核酸样本扩增产物; 以及针对所述来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述预定区域为至少一个外显子区域。 由此, 可以有效地确定 预定区域所包含的已知 SNP, 由此, 可以有效地提高根据预定区域例如外显子区域中所包 含的已知 SNP, 来确定与这些 SNP有关的异常状态的效率和准确性。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述核酸探针是以芯片的形式提供的。 由此, 可以进一步 提高利用核酸探针进行筛选的效率, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是否患有异常状态的 效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述测序是利用选自 Illumina Hiseq2000、 Genome Analyzer、 SOLiD测序系统、 Ion Torrents Ion Proton、 454、 PacBio RS测序系统、 Helicos tSMS技术以 及纳米孔测序技术的至少一种进行的。 由此, 能够利用这些测序装置的高通量、 深度测序 的特点, 进一步提高了确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所 述测序是利用 Illumina Hiseq2000进行的,所述测序数据的长度为 90bp。 由此, 可以进一步 提高后续进行 SNP分析的效率, 从而提高了确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述基于所述测序数据, 确定所述测序结果中所包含的已 知 SNP, 是通过将所述测序数据与参考基因进行比对进行的。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述参考基因是已知的人基因组序列。在本发明的一个实施例中,所述比对是 SOAP/SOAP2 软件进行的。 由此, 可以有效地对测序结果中所包含的测序数据进行分析, 从而可以有效 地确定测序结果中所包含的 SNP, 进而可以提高确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中,进一步包括对所述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP进行过滤, 所述过滤基于如下过滤条件: SNP calling质量值大于 20; SNP位点测序深度大于 8; SNP 位点深度小于基因组平均深度的 5倍; SNP位点拷贝数不大于 2; 和 SNP位点与最近的其 他 SNP位点之间的距离大于 5。 由此, 可以有效地对所得到的 SNP结果进行过滤, 从而可 以有效地提高确定个体是否患有异常状态的准确性和效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述已知 SNP位于人染色体 HBB基因区。在本发明的一个 实施例中, 听述已知 SNP 为选自下列的至少一种: rs33985472、 rs63750954、 rs63751128、 rs33978907、 rs34029390、 rs34809925、 rs33953406、 rs33910569、 rs33910569、 rs33971634、 rs3392539 rs33946267、 rs35485099、 rs36015961、 rs33930977、 rs35256489、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33914668、 rs33914668、 rs33913413, rs33913413, rs34483965、 rs34793594、 rs35703285、 rs63750433、 rs34690599、 rs63751175、 rs35328027、 rsl609812、 rs34451549、 rs7480526、 rsl0768683、 rs35099082、 rs63750283、 rs63750283、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33933298, rs33913712、 rs33995148、 rs33931779、 rs33969400、 rs33922842、 rs 11549407、 rs33974936、 rs33991059、 rs33982568、 rs33948578、 rsll35071、 rs3394300 rs3394300 rs63750513、 rs34527846、 rs35456885、 rs35004220、 rs63750195、 rs35724775、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33971440、 rs33971440、 rs33960103、 rs33960103、 rs35684407、 rs35578002、 rs33916412、 rs35424040、 rs33950507、 rs33950507、 rs33951465、 rs33959855、 rs33972047、 rs33986703、
rs3471601 rs63750783、 rs35799536、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs34563000、 rs34135787、 rs34704828、 rs63750628、 rs34305195 以及位于人染色体 11上 5246716位、 5246879位、 5247026位、 5248161位的 SNP。 由此, 可以有效地确定人体是否携带 HBB基因区的 SNP,从而可以有效地确定所研究对象是否患 有地中海贫血症尤其是 β-地中海贫血症的风险。
在本发明的另一方面, 本发明提出了一种确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统。 根据本 发明的实施例, 该系统包括: 测序文库构建装置, 所述测序文库构建装置用于针对所述个 体的核酸样本, 构建测序文库; 测序装置, 所述测序装置与所述测序文库构建装置相连, 用于对所述测序文库进行测序, 以便获得测序结果, 所述测序结果由多个测序数据构成; SNP确定装置, 所述 SNP确定装置与所述测序装置相连, 用于基于所述测序数据, 确定所 述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP; 以及异常状态确定装置, 所述异常装置确定装置与所述 SNP确定装置相连, 用于基于所述已知 SNP, 确定所述个体是否患有与所述已知 SNP相关 的异常状态。 利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可以有效地实施 前面所述的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法, 从而以有效地通过测序确定核酸样本中所 包含的 SNP, 并且由于这些 SNP与异常状态是相关的, 由此, 可以有效地确定核酸样本的 来源个体是否患有与这些 SNP相关的异常状态。
根据本发明的实施例, 该确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统还可以具有下列附加技术 特征:
在本发明的一个实施例中, 该系统进一步包括: 核酸样本提取装置, 所述核酸样本提 取装置适于从个体的单细胞或者微量样本中提取个体的全基因组 DNA的至少一部分。利用 根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可以有效地实施前面所述的确定个 体是否患有异常状态的方法。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 该系统进一步包括: 生物样本分离装置, 所述生物样本分 离装置适于从个体的选自血液、 组织、 尿液、 配子、 受精卵、 卵裂球和胚胎的至少一种分 离单细胞或者微量样本。 利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可以 有效地实施前面所述的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 由此, 可以通过对来自个体的 少量样本对个体是否患有异常状态进行有效地预测和评估, 从而提高了确定个体是否患有 异常状态的效率, 降低了确定个体是否患有异常状态的成本。 另外, 可以方便地从生物体 获取这些样本, 并且能够具体地针对某些疾病采取不同的样本, 从而针对某些特殊疾病采 取特定的分析手段。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述生物样本分离装置适于通过选自稀释法、 口吸管分离
法、 显微操作、 显微切割、 流式细胞分离术、 微流控的至少一种分离单细胞或者微量样本。 利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可以有效地实施前面所述的确 定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 由此, 能够有效便捷地获得生物样本的单细胞, 以便实 施后续操作, 由此, 可以有效地从个体中分离单细胞, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是 否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述测序文库构建装置进一步包括: 核酸样本扩增单元, 所述核酸样本扩增单元适于对所述核酸样本进行扩增, 以便得到核酸样本扩增产物。 在本 发明的一个实施例中, 所述扩增单元适于进行选自 PEP-PCR、 DOP-PCR、 OmniPlex WGA 和 MDA的至少一种。 由此, 可以进一步提高扩增全基因组 DNA的效率, 从而进一步提高 了后续确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异 常状态的系统可以有效地实施前面所述的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 由此, 可以 进一步提高扩增全基因组 DNA的效率,从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是否患有异常状态 的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述测序文库构建装置进一步包括: 歸选单元, 所述筛选 单元中设置有核酸探针, 以便利用所述核酸探针对所述核酸样本扩增产物进行筛选, 以便 获得来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物; 以及针对所述来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库。 由此, 可以有效地确定预定区域所包含的已知 SNP, 由此, 可以有效 地提高根据预定区域例如外显子区域中所包含的已知 SNP, 来确定与这些 SNP有关的异常 状态的效率和准确性。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述核酸探针是以芯片的形式提供的。 由此, 可以进一步 提高利用核酸探针进行筛选的效率, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是否患有异常状态的 效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述测序装置为选自 Illumina Hiseq2000、 Genome Analyzer、 SOLiD测序系统、 Ion Torrent、 Ion Proton、 454、 PacBio RS测序系统、 Helicos tSMS测序装 置以及纳米孔测序装置的至少一种。 由此, 能够利用这些测序装置的高通量、 深度测序的 特点, 进一步提高了确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述 测序是利用 Illumina Hiseq2000进行的,所述测序数据的长度为 90bp。 由此, 可以进一步提 高后续进行 SNP分析的效率, 从而提高了确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述 SNP确定装置进一步包括: 比对单元, 所述比对单元 用于通过将所述测序数据与参考基因进行比对确定所述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP。 在 本发明的一个实施例中, 所述比对单元适于利用 SOAP/SOAP2软件进行比对。 由此, 可以 有效地对测序结果中所包含的测序数据进行分析, 从而可以有效地确定测序结果中所包含
的 SNP, 进而可以提高确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述 SNP确定装置进一步包括: SNP过滤单元, 所述 SNP 过滤单元适于基于如下过滤条件, 对所述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP 进行过滤: SNP calling质量值大于 20; SNP位点测序深度大于 8; SNP位点深度小于基因组平均深度的 5 倍; SNP位点拷贝数不大于 2; 和 SNP位点与最近的其他 SNP位点之间的距离大于 5。 由 此, 可以有效地对所得到的 SNP结果进行过滤, 从而可以有效地提高确定个体是否患有异 常状态的准确性和效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述已知 SNP位于人染色体 HBB基因区。在本发明的一个 实施例中, 所述已知 SNP 为选自下列的至少一种: rs33985472、 rs63750954、 rs63751128、 rs33978907、 rs34029390、 rs34809925、 rs33953406、 rs33910569、 rs33910569、 rs33971634、 rs3392539 rs33946267、 rs35485099、 rs36015961、 rs33930977、 rs35256489、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33914668、 rs33914668、 rs33913413 , rs33913413 , rs34483965、 rs34793594、 rs35703285、 rs63750433、 rs34690599、 rs63751175、 rs35328027、 rsl609812、 rs34451549、 rs7480526、 rsl0768683、 i rs35099082、 rs63750283、 rs63750283、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33933298, rs33913712、 rs33995148、 rs33931779、 rs33969400、 rs33922842、 rs 11549407、 rs33974936、 rs33991059、 rs33982568、 rs33948578、 rsl l35071、 rs3394300 rs3394300 rs63750513、 rs34527846、 rs35456885、 rs35004220、 rs63750195、 rs35724775、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33971440、 rs33971440、 rs33960103、 rs33960103、 rs35684407、 rs35578002、 rs33916412、 rs35424040、 rs33950507、 rs33950507、 rs33951465、 rs33959855、 rs33972047、 rs33986703、 rs3471601 rs63750783、 rs35799536、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs34563000、 rs34135787、 rs34704828 、 rs63750628 、 rs34305195 以及位于人染色体 11上 5246716位、 5246879位、 5247026位、 5248161位的 SNP。 由此, 利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可以有效地实施前面所述的确 定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 从而可以有效地确定所研究对象是否患有地中海贫血症 尤其是 β-地中海贫血症的风险。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得 明显, 或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和 /或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明 显和容易理解, 其中:
图 1是根据本发明一个实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法的流程示意图; 图 2是根据本发明另一个实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法的流程示意图; 图 3是根据本发明又一个实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法的流程示意图; 图 4是根据本发明一个实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统的结构示意图; 图 5是根据本发明另一个实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统的结构示意图; 以及
图 6是根据本发明另一个实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法的流程示意图。 发明详细描述
下面详细描述本发明的实施例, 所述实施例的示例在附图中示出, 其中自始至终相同 或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。 下面通过参考附图描 述的实施例是示例性的, 仅用于解释本发明, 而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本文中所使用的术语 "异常状态" 应作广义理解, 其可以是任何与个体例如人的正 常状态不同的状态, 例如可以包括疾病、 免疫异常等。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述异 常状态为疾病。 根据本发明的实施例, 疾病的类型并不受特别限制, 根据本发明的优选实 施例, 所述疾病为单基因疾病。 单基因疾病单基通常是由一对等位基因控制的疾病或病理 性状。 因此, 通过检测与单基因疾病相关的 SNP能够有效地确定所研究的对象是否患有该 疾病。 根据本发明的实施例, 还可以实现对个体是否易于患有相关的异常状态例如疾病的 风险进行预测和评估。 根据本发明的具体示例, 所述单基因疾病为选自地中海贫血症和红 细胞葡萄糖 -6-磷酸脱氢酶缺陷症的至少一种。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述地中海贫血 症为 β-地中海贫血症。 由此, 可以有效地确定人类是否患有相关的疾病尤其是单基因疾病。 确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法
在本发明的一个方面,本发明提出了一种确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。参考图 1 , 根据本发明的实施例, 该方法包括:
S100: 针对个体的核酸样本, 构建测序文库
在该步骤中, 首先对个体的核酸样本, 构建测序文库, 从而可以用于后续的测序和结 果分析。 在本发明中, 所采用的术语 "个体,, 的含义并不受特别限制, 可以是任何含有遗 传信息的生物体, 例如可以为人。 由此, 可以利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有 异常状态的方法, 对人体样本进行检测, 从而可以有效地对人是否患有某些异常状态进行 预测。
参考图 2 , 根据本发明的实施例, 还可以进一步包括从个体中提取核酸样本的步骤
( S101 )„ 在本文中所使用的术语 "核酸样本" 应作广义理解, 其可以是 DNA样本, 也可
以是 RNA样本,也可以是经过修饰或者处理得 DNA样本或 RNA样本,只要能够通过测序 确定其遗传序列即可。 根据本发明的一个实施例, 核酸样本可以为个体的全基因组 DNA的 至少一部分。 由此, 全基因组 DNA中包含了个体的全部遗传信息, 由此, 通过对全基因组 DNA进行测序和 SNP分析, 能够更有效完整地获得个体的 SNP信息, 从而可以进一步提 高确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法的效率和准确性。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述核 酸样本是从个体的单细胞或者微量样本中提取的。 根据本发明的实施例, 从单细胞或者微 量样本中获得核酸样本的方法和手段并不受特别限制, 例如, 可以通过采用裂解液将单细 胞裂解从而实现释放并收集单细胞的全基因组 DNA。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述单细 胞或者微量样本是从个体的选自血液、 组织、 尿液、 配子、 受精卵、 卵裂球和胚胎的至少 一种分离的。 由此, 可以通过对来自个体的少量样本对个体是否患有异常状态进行有效地 预测和评估, 从而提高了确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率, 降低了确定个体是否患有异 常状态的成本。 另外, 可以方便地从生物体获取这些样本, 并且能够具体地针对某些疾病 采取不同的样本, 从而针对某些特殊疾病采取特定的分析手段。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述单细胞是通过选自稀释法、 口吸管分离法、 显微操作、 显微切割、 流式细胞分离术、 微流控的至少一种分离的。 由此, 能够有效便捷地获得生物样本的单细胞, 以便实施后续 操作, 由此, 可以有效地从个体中分离单细胞, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是否患有 异常状态的效率。
另外, 根据本发明的实施例, 在获得核酸样本之后, 可以对所得到的核酸样本进行扩 增, 尤其是对于从单细胞或者微量样本提取的核酸样本。 例如, 参见图 3 , 在本发明的一个 实施例中, 针对所述个体的核酸样本, 构建测序文库进一步包括: 对所得到的核酸样本进 行扩增, 以便得到核酸样本扩增产物(S102 )。接下来, 可以对所得到的核酸样本扩增产物, 构建测序文库。 由此, 可以提高构建测序文库的效率, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是 否患有异常状态的效率。
根据本发明的实施例, 对核酸样本进行扩增的方法, 并不受特别限制。 例如, 在本发 明的一个实施例中, 所采用的核酸样本为从个体的单细胞中提取的全基因组 DNA, 针对该 券基因组 DNA进行扩增可以通过选自 PEP-PCR、 DOP-PCR、 OmniPlex WGA和 MDA的 至少一种进行的。 由此, 可以进一步提高扩增全基因组 DNA的效率, 从而进一步提高了后 续确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 任选地, 根据本发明的实施例, 可以进一步包括对 所述单细胞进行裂解, 以便释放所述单细胞的全基因组的步骤。 根据本发明的一些示例, 可以用于裂解单细胞并释放全基因组的方法不受特别限制, 只要能够将单细胞裂解优选充 分裂解即可。 根据本发明的具体示例, 可以利用碱性裂解液将所述单细胞裂解并释放所述
单细胞的全基因组。 发明人发现, 这样能够有效地裂解单细胞并释放出全基因组, 并且所 释放的全基因组在进行测序时, 能够提高准确率, 从而进一步提高了确定单细胞染色体非 整倍性的效率。 根据本发明的实施例, 单细胞全基因组扩增的方法不受特别限制, 可以采 用基于 PCR的方法例如可以采用 PEP-PCR、 DOP-PCR、 和 OmniPlex WGA, 也可以采用非 基于 PCR的方法例如 MDA (多重链置换扩增)。根据本发明的具体示例,优选采用基于 PCR 的方法, 例如 OmniPlex WGA方法。 可选用的商业化试剂盒包括但不限于 Sigma Aldrich的 GenomePlex, Rubicon Genomics的 PicoPlex, Qiagen的 REPLI-g, GE Healthcare的 illustra GenomiPhi等。 因而, 根据本发明的具体示例, 在构建测序文库之前, 可以采用 OmniPlex WGA对单细胞全基因组进行扩增。 由此, 能够有效地对全基因组进行扩增, 从而进一步提 高了确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 在针对所述核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库之前, 进一步包括: 利用核酸探针对所述核酸样本扩增产物进行筛选, 以便获得来自预定区域的 核酸样本扩增产物; 以及针对所述来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述预定区域为至少一个外显子区域。 由此, 可以有效地确定 预定区域所包含的已知 SNP, 由此, 可以有效地提高根据预定区域例如外显子区域中所包 含的已知 SNP, 来确定与这些 SNP有关的异常状态的效率和准确性。 另外, 根据本发明的 实施例, 借助核酸探针对核酸样本扩增产物进行筛选的方法并不受特别限制, 可以是固相 筛选, 也可以是液相杂交。 根据本发明的实施例, 可以以芯片的形式提供核酸探针。 由此, 可以进一步提高利用核酸探针进行筛选的效率, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是否患有 异常状态的效率。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是, 还可以通过其他已知的方法对预定区域的核酸样本进 行分析, 例如采用特异性引物对核酸样本进行 PC , 由此, 可以得到预定区域的相关扩增 产物, 从而构建该预定区域的测序文库, 进而获得该预定区域的相关信息。
根据本发明的实施例, 对个体的核酸样本构建测序文库的方法并不受特别限制。 本领 域技术人员可以根据采用的基因组测序技术的具体方案选择不同的构建全基因组测序文库 的方法, 关于构建全基因组测序文库的细节,可以参见测序仪器的厂商例如 Illumina公司所 提供的规程, 例如参见 Illumina公司 Multiplexing Sample Preparation Guide ( Part#1005361; Feb 2010 )或 Paired-End SamplePrep Guide ( Part#1005063; Feb 2010 ), 通过参照将其并入 本文。
S200: 对测序文库进行测序, 得到测序结果
在该步骤中,通过对前面所构建的测序文库进行测序,可以得到由多个测序数据( reads )
构成的测序结果。
根据本发明的实施例, 用于测序的技术和平台并不受特别限制。 在本发明的一个实施 例中, 可以利用选自 Illumina Hiseq2000、 Genome Analyzer、 SOLiD测序系统、 Ion Torrents Ion Proton、 454、 PacBio RS测序系统、 Helicos tSMS技术以及纳米孔测序技术的至少一种 进行测序。 由此, 能够利用这些测序装置的高通量、 深度测序的特点, 进一步提高了确定 个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 当然, 本领域技术人员能够理解的是, 还可以采用其他的 测序方法和装置进行全基因组测序, 例如第三代测序技术, 以及以后可能开发出来的更先 进的测序技术。 根据本发明的实施例, 通过全基因组测序所得到的测序数据的长度不受特 别限制。根据本发明的一个具体示例, 利用 Illumina Hiseq2000进行的,所述测序数据的长度 为 90bp。 申请人惊奇地发现, 当测序数据的长度为约 90bp时, 能够极大地方便对测序数据 进行分析, 提高分析效率, 同时能够显著降低分析的成本。 进一步提高了确定个体是否患 有异常状态的效率, 并且降低了确定个体是否患有异常状态的成本。这里所使用的术语 "测 序数据" 是指各个测序数据长度数值的平均值。
S300: 确定测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP
在获得测序结果之后, 可以通过对测序结果中所包含的测序数据进行分析, 获得测序 结果中所包含的遗传信息, 例如可以得到 SNP信息。
根据本发明的实施例,在该步骤中,对测序结果中所包含的测序数据进行分析得到 SNP 信息的方法并不受特别限制。 根据本发明的实施例, 可以通过将所得到的测序数据与参考 基因进行比对, 以便确定所得到的测序结果中的 SNP信息。 本领域技术人员可以根据分析 目的来确定用于进行比对的参考基因。 根据本发明的实施例, 所采用的参考基因是已知的 人基因组序列, 例如可以为 Hgl9, NCBI Build 37„ 当然, 本领域技术人员还可以通过采 用其他已知的序列作为参照序列, 例如可以采用已知的 SNP作为参照序列进行比对。
根据本发明的实施例, 进行比对所采用的方法和软件并不受特别限制。 根据本发明的 实施例, 在本发明的一个实施例中, 可以采用 SOAP/SOAP2软件进行测序数据与参照序列 之间的比对。 根据本发明的实施例, 也可以首先对测序数据进行组装, 将组装结果与参照 序列进行比对。 由此, 可以有效地对测序结果中所包含的测序数据进行分析, 从而可以有 效地确定测序结果中所包含的 SNP, 进而可以提高确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是, 针对不同测序平台, 可以采用不同的比对软件。 例如 SOAP/SOAP2软件, 可对 Illumina测序系统的短测序数据数据进行精确比对。 具体的, 可 以根据比对结果统计数据质量值、 比对率、 GC含量、 重复率、 基因组覆盖度、 测序深度等 信息, 并且根据以上信息对测序数据进行质控。 同时将不能比对的或重复的无用数据去掉,
得到有效的数据集, 用于后续分析。
另外, 在本发明的一个实施例中, 在通过比对, 获得 SNP信息之后, 还可以对所得到 的 SNP信息进行筛选, 例如可以通过基于预先设定的过滤条件对对测序结果中所包含的已 知 SNP进行过滤。 根据本发明的实施例, 可以采用的过滤条件为下列至少之一:
SNP calling质量值大于 20,在本文中所使用的术语 "SNP calling质量值"是指在 SOAP 分析软件运行过程中, 对每个 SNP的可信度所给出的打分结果。
SNP位点测序深度大于 8;
SNP位点深度小于基因组平均深度的 5倍;
SNP位点拷贝数不大于 2; 和
SNP位点与最近的其他 SNP位点之间的距离大于 5 , 在本文中所使用的表达方式 "两 个 SNP位点之间的距离" 是指这两个 SNP位点之间相隔的碱基个数, 例如 "距离大于 5" 即两个位点间相隔的碱基大于 5个。
由此, 可以有效地对所得到的 SNP结果进行过滤, 从而可以有效地提高确定个体是否 患有异常状态的准确性和效率。
S400: 确定与已知 SNP有关的异常状态
如前所述, 在通过测序得到测序数据, 并对测序数据进行分析之后, 可以获得在测序 结果中所包含的 SNP信息。 进而, 可以通过对 SNP进行分析, 确定个体是否患有与 SNP 相关的异常状态, 例如是否患有与 SNP相关的单基因疾病。
根据本发明的实施例, 可以采用的 SNP类型并不手特别限制。 在本发明的一个实施例 中, 所述已知 SNP位于人染色体 HBB基因区。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述已知 SNP 为选自下列的至少一种: rs33985472、 rs63750954、 rs63751128、 rs33978907、 rs34029390、 rs34809925、 rs33953406、 rs33910569、 rs33910569、 rs33971634、 rs3392539 rs33946267、 rs35485099、 rs36015961、 rs33930977、 rs35256489、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33914668、 rs33914668、 rs33913413 , rs33913413 , rs34483965、 rs34793594、 rs35703285、 rs63750433、 rs34690599、 rs63751175、 rs35328027、 rsl609812、 rs34451549、 rs7480526、 rsl0768683、 rs35099082、 rs63750283、 rs63750283、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33933298, rs33913712、 rs33995148、 rs33931779、 rs33969400、 rs33922842、 rsl 1549407、 rs33974936、 rs33991059、 rs33982568、 rs33948578、 rsl l3507 rs3394300 rs3394300 rs63750513、 rs34527846、 rs35456885、 rs35004220、 rs63750195、 rs35724775、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33971440、 rs33971440、 rs33960103、 rs33960103、 rs35684407、 rs35578002、 rs33916412、 rs35424040、 rs33950507、
rs33950507、 rs33951465、 rs33959855、 rs33972047、 rs33986703、 rs34716011、 rs63750783、 rs35799536、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs34563000、 rs34135787、 rs34704828、 rs63750628、 rs34305195 以及位于人染色体 11 上 5246716位、 5246879位、 5247026位、 5248161位的 SNP。 由此, 可以有效地确定人体是 否携带 HBB基因区的 SNP,从而可以有效地确定所研究对象是否患有地中海贫血症尤其是 β-地中海贫血症。
由此, 通过上述方法可以有效地获取个体的 SNP信息, 并且可以针对所研究的特定疾 病的相关基因提取所需的 SNP信息, 获得目标基因的分型结果。 在获得对获得的目标基因 的分型结果之后, 可以通过与已有的数据库比较, 进行疾病注释, 判断相应的 SNP变异信 息是否会引起疾病, 而判断此单细胞或微量样本对应的胚胎或个体为孟德尔遗传病 (单基 因一疾病) 患者, 或者相应的 SNP变异信息不至于引起疾病, 判断对应的胚胎或个体为孟 德尔遗传病基因的携带者。
确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统
在本发明的另一方面, 参考图 4, 本发明提出了一种确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统 1000。 才艮据本发明的实施例, 该系统 1000包括: 测序文库构建装置 100、 测序装置 200、
SNP确定装置 300以及异常状态确定装置 400。
才艮据本发明的实施例, 测序文库构建装置 100 用于针对个体的核酸样本, 构建测序文 库。 才艮据本发明的实施例, 测序装置 200与测序文库构建装置 100相连, 由此, 可以用于 对所构建的测序文库进行测序, 以便获得由多个测序数据构成的测序结果。 根据本发明的 实施例, SNP确定装置 300与所述测序装置相连, 用于基于所得到的测序数据, 确定测序 结果中所包含的已知 SNP。 根据本发明的实施例, 异常状态确定装置 400与 SNP确定装置 相连, 由此, 用于基于前面所确定的在测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP, 确定个体是否患有 与所述已知 SNP相关的异常状态。
利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可以有效地实施前面所述 的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法, 从而以有效地通过测序确定核酸样本中所包含的
SNP, 并且由于这些 SNP与异常状态是相关的, 由此, 可以有效地确定核酸样本的来源个 体是否患有与这些 SNP相关的异常状态。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 该系统还可以进一步包括核酸样本提取装置 101。根据本发 明的实施例, 核酸样本提取装置 101 适于从个体的单细胞或者微量样本中提取个体的全基 因组 DNA的至少一部分。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 该系统 1000可以进一步包括适于从 个体的选自血液、 组织、 尿液、 配子、 受精卵、 卵裂球和胚胎的至少一种分离单细胞或者
微量样本的生物样本分离装置。 由此, 利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状 态的系统可以有效地实施前面所述的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 由此, 可以通过 对来自个体的少量样本对个体是否患有异常状态进行有效地预测和评估, 从而提高了确定 个体是否患有异常状态的效率, 降低了确定个体是否患有异常状态的成本。 另外, 可以方 便地从生物体获取这些样本, 并且能够具体地针对某些疾病采取不同的样本, 从而针对某 些特殊疾病采取特定的分析手段。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 生物样本分离装置适于通过 选自稀释法、 口吸管分离法、 显微操作、 显微切割、 流式细胞分离术、 微流控的至少一种 分离单细胞或者微量样本。 利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可 以有效地实施前面所述的确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 由此, 能够有效便捷地获得 生物样本的单细胞, 以便实施后续操作, 由此, 可以有效地从个体中分离单细胞, 从而进 一步提高了后续确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 测序文库 构建装置可以进一步包括核酸样本扩增单元, 该核酸样本扩增单元适于对所述核酸样本进 行扩增, 以便得到核酸样本扩增产物。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述扩增单元适于进行 选自 PEP-PCR、 DOP-PCR、 OmniPlex WGA和 MDA的至少一种。 由此, 可以进一步提高 扩增全基因组 DNA的效率, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 利 用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可以有效地实施前面所述的确定 个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 由此, 可以进一步提高扩增全基因组 DNA的效率, 从而进 一步提高了后续确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 在本文中, "核酸样本提取装置" 的运 行方式并不受特别限制, 只要可以获得相关的核酸样本并且所获得的核酸样本适于后续操 作即可, 例如对于来自单细胞或者微量样本的全基因组 DNA, 可以通过采用裂解液将单细 胞裂解从而实现释放并收集单细胞的全基因组 DNA。
另外, 在本发明的一个实施例中, 测序文库构建装置还可以进一步包括筛选单元。 该 筛选单元中设置有核酸探针, 以便利用核酸探针对所述核酸样本扩增产物进行筛选, 以便 获得来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物; 以及针对来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物, 构 建所述测序文库。 由此, 可以有效地确定预定区域所包含的已知 SNP, 由此, 可以有效地 提高根据预定区域例如外显子区域中所包含的已知 SNP, 来确定与这些 SNP有关的异常状 态的效率和准确性。 在本发明的一个实施例中, 核酸探针可以是以芯片的形式提供的。 由 此, 可以进一步提高利用核酸探针进行筛选的效率, 从而进一步提高了后续确定个体是否 患有异常状态的效率在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述测序装置为选自 Illumina Hiseq2000、 Genome Analyzer ^ SOLiD测序系统、 Ion Torrent、 Ion Proton、 454、 PacBio RS测序系统、 Helicos tSMS测序装置以及纳米孔测序装置的至少一种。 由此, 能够利用这些测序装置的高
通量、 深度测序的特点, 进一步提高了确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。 在本发明的一 个实施例中, 所述测序是利用 Illumina Hiseq2000进行的,所述测序数据的长度为 90bp。 由 此, 可以进一步提高后续进行 SNP分析的效率, 从而提高了确定个体是否患有异常状态的 效率。 在本发明的一个实施例中, SNP确定装置进一步包括: 比对单元, 所述比对单元用 于通过将所述测序数据与参考基因进行比对确定所述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP。 在本 发明的一个实施例中, 所述比对单元适于利用 SOAP/SOAP2软件进行比对。 由此, 可以有 效地对测序结果中所包含的测序数据进行分析, 从而可以有效地确定测序结果中所包含的 SNP, 进而可以提高确定个体是否患有异常状态的效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中, SNP确定装置可以进一步包括: SNP过滤单元, 所述 SNP 过滤单元适于基于如下过滤条件, 对所述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP 进行过滤: SNP calling质量值大于 20; SNP位点测序深度大于 8; SNP位点深度小于基因组平均深度的 5 倍; SNP位点拷贝数不大于 2; 和 SNP位点与最近的其他 SNP位点之间的距离大于 5。 由 此, 可以有效地对所得到的 SNP结果进行过滤, 从而可以有效地提高确定个体是否患有异 常状态的准确性和效率。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述已知 SNP位于人染色体 HBB基因区。在本发明的一个 实施例中, 所述已知 SNP 为选自下列的至少一种: rs33985472、 rs63750954、 rs63751128、 rs33978907、 rs34029390、 rs34809925、 rs33953406、 rs33910569、 rs33910569、 rs33971634、 rs3392539 rs33946267、 rs35485099、 rs36015961、 rs33930977、 rs35256489、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33914668、 rs33914668、 rs33913413 , rs33913413 , rs34483965、 rs34793594、 rs35703285、 rs63750433、 rs34690599、 rs63751175、 rs35328027、 rsl609812、 rs34451549、 rs7480526、 rsl0768683、 i rs35099082、 rs63750283、 rs63750283、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33933298, rs33913712、 rs33995148、 rs33931779、 rs33969400、 rs33922842、 rs 11549407、 rs33974936、 rs33991059、 rs33982568、 rs33948578、 rsl l35071、 rs3394300 rs3394300 rs63750513、 rs34527846、 rs35456885、 rs35004220、 rs63750195、 rs35724775、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33971440、 rs33971440、 rs33960103、 rs33960103、 rs35684407、 rs35578002、 rs33916412、 rs35424040、 rs33950507、 rs33950507、 rs33951465、 rs33959855、 rs33972047、 rs33986703、 rs3471601 rs63750783、 rs35799536、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs34563000、 rs34135787、 rs34704828 、 rs63750628 、 rs34305195 以及位于人染色体 11上 5246716位、 5246879位、 5247026位、 5248161位的 SNP。 由此, 利用根据本发明实施例的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统可以有效地实施前面所述的确
定个体是否患有异常状态的方法。 从而可以有效地判断所研究对象是否患有地中海贫血症 尤其是 β-地中海贫血症。
这里所使用的术语 "相连,, 应作广义理解, 既可以是直接相连, 也可以是间接相连, 甚至可以使用相同的容器或设备, 只要能够实现功能上的衔接即可, 例如核酸样本提取和 核酸样本扩增可以在相同的设备中进行, 即在实现对核酸样本提取之后, 在相同的设备或 者容器中即可进行核酸样本扩增处理, 不需要将所提取的核酸样本组输送至其他的设备或 者容器, 只要将设备内的条件 (包括反应条件和反应体系的组成)转换为适于进行核酸样 本扩增反应即可, 这样即实现了核酸样本提取与核酸样本扩增在功能上的衔接, 也可以认 为被术语 "相连" 所涵盖。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是, 前面关于确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法所描述的 特征和优点, 也当然地使用语本发明的确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统, 为了方便, 不 再赘述。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的方案进行解释。 本领域技术人员将会理解, 下面的实施 例仅用于说明本发明, 而不应视为限定本发明的范围。 实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的, 按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件 (例如参考 J.萨姆布鲁克等著, 黄培堂等译的《分 子克隆实验指南》, 第三版, 科学出版社)或者按照产品说明书进行。 所用试剂或仪器未注 明生产厂商者, 均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品, 例如可以采购自 Illumina公司。
一般方法
作为非限制性实施例,在本发明的具体实施例中,参考图 6,采用包括下列步骤的方法, 对单细胞或者微量样本进行单基因疾病进行检测:
S1 : 单细胞分离 /微量样本准备;
S2: 全基因组扩增;
S3: 测序样本准备 (文库制备);
S4: 高通量测序;
S5: 数据比对及质控, 获得有效数据集;
S6: SNP Calling;
S7: SNP提取和过滤, 得到目标基因的分型结果;
S8: 疾病注释。
实施例 1
样本: 人 5-8细胞期卵裂球单细胞
具体操作流程:
1. 人 5-8细胞期卵裂球单细胞分离
在体外受精-胚胎植入前遗传学诊断 (IVF-PGD ) 周期过程中, 精子和卵子在体外受精 后, 体外培养至第三天, 形成 5-8细胞期的卵裂球。 在第三天进行常规活检, 在显微操作仪 下, 取出一个卵裂球单细胞, 置于含有裂解液的 PCR管中, -80°C保存。 经活检后的卵裂球 继续培养至第五天, 到达嚢胚期, 可进行玻璃化冷冻, 或者直接用于植入。
2.全基因组扩增
选用 Qiagen公司的 REPLI-g Mini Kit试剂盒, 按照制造商所提供的规程, 进行单细胞 全基因组扩增, 卵裂球单细胞首先进行碱裂解, 然后加入扩增反应液进行 30°C恒温扩增。
3.测序样本准备 (文库构建)
采用 Illumina Paired-End DNA Sample Prep Kit, 按照制造商所提供的规程, 构建 DNA 测序文库。 针对前面所得到的, 卵裂球单细胞全基因组扩增产物进行建库, 共制备了三个 文库, 文库预期插入片段分别为 200bp, 350bp, 500bp, 实际插入片段大小见表 1。
4.高通量测序
采用 Illumina Hiseq2000测序系统进行高通量测序。 本实施例中对卵裂球单细胞采用全 基因组测序的策略。 卵裂球单细胞扩增产物制备好的文库经 cBot制备 Cluster, 之后即在 Hiseq2000测序仪运行, 测序长度 90bp, Pair End双向测序, 每个文库测一个 lane, —共测 了三个 lane。
5. 数据比对及质控, 获得有效数据集
测序数据用 SOAP2软件进行比对, 以人参考基因组序列 (Hgl9; NCBI Build37)为参考, 比对时允许最多两个碱基的错配。 根据比对结果统计原始数据质量、 GC含量、 实际插入片 段大小、 比对率、 重复率, 以及基因组的覆盖度和测序深度等信息。 具体信息见表 1。 并 通过这些统计结果对测序数据进行质控。 本实施例中, 我们共获得全基因组 38.25X的数据 量, 数据各项统计结果均能达标。 之后将未能比对上参考基因组的数据和重复的数据去掉, 获得有效数据集, 用于 SNP分析。
表 1实施例 1中卵裂球单细胞测序数据的比对统计结果 *
BLSl 392.08M 382.26M (97.50%) 91.34% 14.21 0.70%
BLSl 368.13M 359.19M (97.57%) 91.71% 13.45 1.04%
BLSl 357.44M 348.37M (97.46%) 89.93% 12.95 0.58%
BLSl
1.12G 1.09G (97.51%) 97.04% 38.25 0.77% (total)
标注:
* BLSl是卵裂球单细胞样本的编号, BLSl(total)表示 BLSl样本三个 lane数据合在一 起后的统计结果, Q20(%)表示质量值在 20以上的数据占总数据量的比率, GC(%)表示测序 数据的实际 GC含量百分比, Insert Size表示测序数据实际的文库插入片段大小, Clean Reads 表示去除低质量值的 read后剩下的 read数据量, PE-alignment表示 Pair End两端都能比对 上参考基因组的 read数据量占总数据量比率, PE reads表示 Pair End两端都能比对上参考 基因组的 read数据量, PE Unique表示 Pair End两端能唯一比对到参考基因组的 read数据 量, Coverage表示全基因组的覆盖度 , Mean Depth表示全基因组的平均深度, Duplication Rate 表示重复 read数据占总 read数据量比率。
6. SNP Calling
本实施例用 SOAPsnp 软件, 按照 SOAPsnp 的使用说明 ( 参考 网 页 http://soa . genomics.org.cn/soapsn , html , 通过参照将其并入本文)对上述获得的有效数据集 进行 SNP Calling , 最后获得 SNP数据集。
7. SNP提取和过滤, 得到目标基因的分型结果
对上述获得的 SNP数据集进行过滤, 过滤条件如下:
a. SNP calling质量值大于 20;
b.该位点测序深度大于 8;
c.该位点深度小于基因组平均深度的 5倍;
d.该位点拷贝数不大于 2;
e.该 SNP与最近的 SNP之间的距离大于 5。
过滤之后的 SNP数据,针对所要检测的疾病相关基因,提取位于目标基因区内的 SNP。 在本实施例中对 β地中海贫血病的基因进行检测, 以检测对应的卵裂球胚胎是否患有 β地 中海贫血病, 或者是否为 β地中海贫血疾病基因的携带者。 因此本实施例提取了位于 11号 染色体 ΗΒΒ基因区的 SNP位点, 具体信息见表 2。
/ZT0ZN3/X3d £606請 ΪΟΖ OAV
/ZT0ZN3/X3d £606請 ΪΟΖ OAV
chrl l 5248249 C CC C->A rs33930702 HBB chrl l 5248250 A AA A->G rs33941849 HBB chrl l 5248250 A AA A->C rs33941849 HBB chrl l 5248250 A AA A->T rs33941849 HBB chrl l 5248251 T TT T->C rs34563000 HBB chrl l 5248269 G GG G->C rs34135787 HBB chrl l 5248280 C CC C->T rs34704828 HBB chrl l 5248282 G GG G->A rs63750628 HBB chrl l 5248301 T TT T->G rs34305195 HBB 标注:
^Chromosome表示染色体号, Locus表示 SNP对应的碱基在染色体上的位点编号, Ref 表示数据库中人参考基因组上对应位点的碱基型别, Blastomere表示卵裂球单细胞数据中对 应 SNP位点的型别信息, Mutation表示数据库中存在的对应位点的突变类型, SNP ID表示 该 SNP位点在数据库中的 ID编号, Gene表示该 SNP位点位于哪个基因区。
8. 疾病注释
根据上述过滤和提取的目标基因的 SNP信息, 进一步做疾病注释。 本实施例中, 在 11 号染色体的 5247141和 5247791位碱基分别发现了杂合 SNP变异,它们均位于 HBB基因区。 这两个位点的纯合突变可致 β地中海贫血病。 而本实施例中这两个位点为杂合突变, 说明 该单细胞对应的卵裂球为 β地中海贫血致病基因的携带者。
实施例 2
样本: 正常人血液单细胞
具体操作流程:
1. 正常人血液单细胞分离
本实施例血液样本来自于一个表型正常的人个体。 抽取少量血液样本, 经离心, 分离 出白细胞层。 白细胞经 PBS洗涤后, 悬浮于 PBS小滴中, 用口吸管将单个白细胞分离, 置 于 1-2μ1碱性细胞裂解液中, -80°C冻存 30min以上。
2.全基因组扩增
选用 Qiagen公司的 REPLI-g Mini Kit试剂盒, 按照制造商所提供的规程, 血液单细胞 经过 65 °C 10分钟处理进行碱裂解后, 加入扩增反应液进行 30°C恒温扩增。
3.芯片捕获文库构建
血液单细胞样本全基因组扩增产物进行芯片捕获特定目标区域, 并同时进行文库构建。 本实施例中所用 Agilent芯片针对的目标区域一共为 2.1M大小, 包括一百种单基因疾病相 关基因的所有外显子区域。 关于 Agilent芯片的使用方法, 可以参考制造商所提供的规程。
将经过捕获并构建的测序文库进行高通量测序。
4.高通量测序
本实施例采用 Illumina Hiseq2000测序系统进行高通量测序。 本实施例中对血液单细胞 采用芯片捕获测序的策略, 目标区域为一百种单基因疾病相关基因的所有外显子区域, 约 2.1M 大小。 血液单细胞扩增产物制备好的芯片捕获文库经 cBot 制备 Cluster, 之后即在 Hiseq2000测序仪运行, 测序长度 90bp, Pair End双向测序, 测序数据量预期为 1~2G碱基。
5. 数据比对及质控, 获得有效数据集
测序数据用 SOAP2软件进行比对, 以人参考基因组序列 (Hgl9; NCBI Build37)为参考, 比对时允许最多两个碱基的错配。 根据比对结果统计原始数据质量、 GC含量、 比对率、 重 复率, 以及基因组的覆盖度和测序深度等信息。 具体信息见表 3. 并通过这些统计结果对测 序数据进行质控。 本实施例中, 我们共获得目标区域平均深度 457X的数据量, 数据各项统 计结果均能达标。 之后将未能比对上参考基因组的数据和重复的数据去掉, 获得有效数据 集, 用于 SNP分析。
表 3 实施例 2中血液单细胞测序数据的比对统计结果
标注:
*GC(%)表示测序数据的实际 GC含量百分比, Reads表示去除低质量值的 read后剩下 的 read数据量, Production表示按照 Reads值计算的碱基数据量, PE-alignment表示 Pair End 两端都能比对上参考基因组的 read数据量占总数据量比率, PE Unique表示 Pair End两端能 唯一比对到参考基因组的 read数据量, Coverage表示全基因组的覆盖度, Mean Depth表示 全基因组的平均深度, Duplication Rate 表示重复 read 数据占总 read 数据量比率, Specificity(Reads)表示能特异比对上目标区域的 read 数据量占总 read 数据量的比率, Specificity(Bases)表示能特异比对上目标区域的碱基数据量占总碱基数据量的比率。
6. SNP Calling
本实施例用 SOAPsnp 软件, 按照 SOAPsnp 的使用说明 ( 参考 网 页 http://soap.genoniics,org m''soapsnp.htrnl, 通过参照将其并入本文 )对上述获得的有效数据集
进行 SNP Calling , 最后获得 SNP数据集。
7. SNP提取和过滤, 得到目标基因的分型结果
对上述获得的 SNP数据集进行过滤, 过滤条件如下:
a. SNP calling质量值大于 20;
b.该位点测序深度大于 8;
c.该位点深度小于目标区域平均深度的 5倍;
d.该位点拷贝数不大于 2;
e.该 SNP与最近的 SNP之间的距离大于 5。
过滤之后的 SNP数据,针对所要检测的疾病相关基因,提取位于目标基因区内的 SNP。 在本实施例中对 β地中海贫血病的基因进行检测, 以检测对应的卵裂球胚胎是否患有 β地 中海贫血病, 或者是否为 β地中海贫血疾病基因的携带者。 因此本实施例提取了位于 11号 染色体 ΗΒΒ基因区的 SNP位点, 具体信息见表 4。
表 4实施例 2中位于 ΗΒΒ基因区的 SNP位点信息
0/ZT0ZN3/X3d £606請 ΪΟΖ OAV
chrl l 5248158 A AA A->T rs33956879 HBB chrl l 5248159 C CC C->T rs33971440 HBB chrl l 5248159 C CC C->A rs33971440 HBB chrl l 5248160 C CC C->T rs33960103 HBB chrl l 5248160 C CC C->G rs33960103 HBB chrl 1 5248161 T TT T->G unknown HBB chrl 1 5248161 T TT T->C rs35684407 HBB chrl l 5248162 G GG G->A rs35578002 HBB chrl l 5248166 A AA A->C rs33916412 HBB chrl l 5248170 C CC C->A rs35424040 HBB chrl l 5248173 C CC C->T rs33950507 HBB chrl l 5248173 C CC C->A rs33950507 HBB chrl l 5248177 A AA A->T rs33951465 HBB chrl l 5248185 C CC C->A rs33959855 HBB chrl 1 5248193 T TT T->C rs33972047 HBB chrl 1 5248200 T TT T->A rs33986703 HBB chrl l 5248204 C CC C->T rs34716011 HBB chrl l 5248205 C CC C->T rs63750783 HBB chrl l 5248219 G GG G->T rs35799536 HBB chrl l 5248249 C CC C->T rs33930702 HBB chrl l 5248249 C CC C->G rs33930702 HBB chrl l 5248249 C CC C->A rs33930702 HBB chrl l 5248250 A AA A->G rs33941849 HBB chrl l 5248250 A AA A->C rs33941849 HBB chrl l 5248250 A AA A->T rs33941849 HBB chrl 1 5248251 T TT T->C rs34563000 HBB chrl l 5248269 G GG G->C rs34135787 HBB chrl l 5248280 C CC C->T rs34704828 HBB chrl l 5248282 G GG G->A rs63750628 HBB chrl 1 5248301 T TT T->G rs34305195 HBB 标注:
* Chromosome表示染色体号, Locus表示 SNP对应的碱基在染色体上的位点编号, Ref 表示数据库中人参考基因组上对应位点的碱基型别, Blood Cell表示血液单细胞数据中对应 SNP位点的型别信息, Mutation表示数据库中存在的对应位点的突变类型, SNP ID表示该 SNP位点在数据库中的 ID编号, Gene表示该 SNP位点位于哪个基因区。
8. 疾病注释
上述过滤和提取的目标基因的 SNP信息, 进一步做疾病注释。 本实施例中, 未在 HBB 基因区检出任何杂合或纯合的变异位点, 说明本实施例中的血液单细胞对应的个体不是 β 地中海贫血疾病患者, 也不是 β地中海贫血疾病基因携带者, 其 β地中海贫血疾病基因区 为正常基因型。
至此, 本发明的实施例实现了一种基于高通量测序对单细胞或微量样本检测孟德尔遗 传病 (单基因疾病) 的方法。
工业实用性
本发明的, 能够有效地应用于样品 DNA的 DNA测序文库的构建以及测序, 并且获得 的文库质量好, 测序结果准确。
尽管本发明的具体实施方式已经得到详细的描述, 本领域技术人员将会理解。 根据已 经公开的所有教导, 可以对那些细节进行各种修改和替换, 这些改变均在本发明的保护范 围之内。 本发明的全部范围由所附权利要求及其任何等同物给出。
在本说明书的描述中, 参考术语 "一个实施例"、 "一些实施例"、 "示意性实施例"、 "示 例"、 "具体示例"、 或 "一些示例" 等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、 结 构、 材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。 在本说明书中, 对上述术语 的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。 而且, 描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料或 者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
Claims
1、 一种确定个体是否患有异常状态的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
针对所述个体的核酸样本, 构建测序文库;
对所述测序文库进行测序, 以便获得测序结果, 所述测序结果由多个测序数据构成; 基于所述测序数据, 确定所述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP; 以及
基于所述已知 SNP, 确定所述个体是否患有与所述已知 SNP相关的异常状态。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述个体为人。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述异常状态为疾病。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述疾病为单基因疾病。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述单基因疾病为选自地中海贫血症和 红细胞葡萄糖 -6-磷酸脱氢酶缺陷症的至少一种。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述地中海贫血症为 β-地中海贫血症。
7、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述核酸样本为个体的全基因组 DNA 的至少一部分。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述核酸样本是从个体的单细胞或者微 量样本中提取的。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述单细胞或者微量样本是从个体的选 自血液、 组织、 尿液、 配子、 受精卵、 卵裂球和胚胎的至少一种分离的。
10、 根据权利要求 9 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述单细胞是通过选自稀释法、 口吸 管分离法、 显 操作、 显 切割、 流式细胞分离术、 微流控的至少一种分离的。
11、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 针对所述个体的核酸样本, 构建测序 文库进一步包括:
对所述核酸样本进行扩增, 以便得到核酸样本扩增产物; 以及
针对所述核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述核酸样本为从个体的单细胞中提 取的全基因组 DNA,
其巾,
针对所述全基因组 DNA进行扩增是通过选自 PEP-PCR、 DOP-PCR、 OmniPlex WGA 和 MDA的至少一种进行的。
13、 根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在针对所述核酸样本扩增产物, 构建 所述测序文库之前, 进一步包括:
利用核酸探针对所述核酸样本扩增产物进行筛选, 以便获得来自预定区域的核酸样本 扩增产物; 以及
针对所述来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库。
14、根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述核酸探针是以芯片的形式提供的。
15、根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述预定区域为至少一个外显子区域。
16、根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述测序是利用选自 Illumina Hiseq2000、 Genome Analyzer、 SOLiD测序系统、 Ion Torrent、 Ion Proton、 454、 PacBio RS测序系统、 Helicos tSMS技术以及纳米孔测序技术的至少一种进行的。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述测序是利用 Illumina Hiseq2000 进行的,所述测序数据的长度为 90bp。
18、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述基于所述测序数据, 确定所述测 序结果中所包含的已知 SNP, 是通过将所述测序数据与参考基因进行比对进行的。
19、根据权利要求 18所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述参考基因是已知的人基因组序列。
20、根据权利要求 18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述比对是 SOAP/SOAP2软件进行的。
21、 根据权利要求 20所述的方法, 其特征在于, 进一步包括对所述测序结果中所包含 的已知 SNP进行过滤, 所述过滤基于如下过滤条件:
SNP calling质量值大于 20;
SNP位点测序深度大于 8;
SNP位点深度小于基因组平均深度的 5倍;
SNP位点拷贝数不大于 2; 和
SNP位点与最近的其他 SNP位点之间的距离大于 5。
22、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述已知 SNP位于人染色体 HBB基因 区。
23、根据权利要求 22所述的方法,其特征在于,所述已知 SNP为选自下列的至少一种: rs33985472、 rs63750954、 rs63751128、 rs33978907、 rs34029390、 rs34809925、 rs33953406、 rs33910569、 rs33910569、 rs33971634、 rs3392539 rs33946267、 rs35485099、 rs36015961、 rs33930977、 rs35256489、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33914668、 rs33914668、 rs33913413, rs33913413, rs34483965、 rs34793594、 rs35703285、 rs63750433、 rs34690599、 rs63751175、 rs35328027、 rsl609812、 rs34451549、 rs7480526、 rs 10768683、 rs35099082、 rs63750283、 rs63750283、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33933298, rs33913712、 rs33995148、 rs33931779、 rs33969400、 rs33922842、 rsl 1549407、 rs33974936、 rs33991059、
rs33982568、 rs33948578、 rsl l3507 rs3394300 rs3394300 rs63750513、 rs34527846、 rs35456885、 rs35004220、 rs63750195、 rs35724775、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33971440、 rs33971440、 rs33960103、 rs33960103、 rs35684407、 rs35578002、 rs33916412、 rs35424040、 rs33950507、 rs33950507、 rs33951465、 rs33959855、 rs33972047、 rs33986703、 rs3471601 rs63750783、 rs35799536、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs34563000、 rs34135787、 rs34704828、 rs63750628、 rs34305195以及位于人染色体 11上 5246716位、 5246879位、 5247026 位、 5248161位的 SNP。
24、 一种确定个体是否患有异常状态的系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
测序文库构建装置, 所述测序文库构建装置用于针对所述个体的核酸样本, 构建测序 文库;
测序装置, 所述测序装置与所述测序文库构建装置相连, 用于对所述测序文库进行测 序, 以便获得测序结果, 所述测序结果由多个测序数据构成;
SNP确定装置, 所述 SNP确定装置与所述测序装置相连, 用于基于所述测序数据, 确 定所述测序结果中所包含的已知 SNP; 以及
异常状态确定装置, 所述异常装置确定装置与所述 SNP确定装置相连, 用于基于所述 已知 SNP , 确定所述个体是否患有与所述已知 SNP相关的异常状态。
25、 根据权利要求 24所述的系统, 其特征在于, 进一步包括:
核酸样本提取装置, 所述核酸样本提取装置适于从个体的单细胞或者微量样本中提取 个体的全基因组 DNA的至少一部分。
26、 根据权利要求 25所述的系统, 其特征在于, 进一步包括:
生物样本分离装置, 所述生物样本分离装置适于从个体的选自血液、 组织、 尿液、 配 子、 受精卵、 卵裂球和胚胎的至少一种分离单细胞或者 ί量样本。
27、 根据权利要求 26所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述生物样本分离装置适于通过选自 稀释法、 口吸管分离法、 显 操作、 显 切割、 流式细胞分离术、 流控的至少一种分离 单细胞或者微量样本。
28、 根据权利要求 24所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述测序文库构建装置进一步包括: 核酸样本扩增单元, 所述核酸样本扩增单元适于对所述核酸样本进行扩增, 以便得到 核酸样本扩增产物。
29、根据权利要求 24所述的系统,其特征在于,所述扩增单元适于进行选自 PEP-PCR、
DOP-PCR、 OmniPlex WGA和 MDA的至少一种。
30、 根据权利要求 29所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述测序文库构建装置进一步包括: 筛选单元, 所述歸选单元中设置有核酸探针 , 以便利用所述核酸探针对所述核酸样本 扩增产物进行筛选, 以便获得来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物; 以及
针对所述来自预定区域的核酸样本扩增产物, 构建所述测序文库。
31、根据权利要求 30所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述核酸探针是以芯片的形式提供的。
32、根据权利要求 24所述的系统,其特征在于,所述测序装置为选自 Illumina Hiseq2000、 Genome Analyzer、 SOLiD测序系统、 Ion Torrent、 Ion Proton、 454、 PacBio RS测序系统、 Helicos tSMS测序装置以及纳米孔测序装置的至少一种。
33、 根据权利要求 24所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述 SNP确定装置进一步包括: 比对单元, 所述比对单元用于通过将所述测序数据与参考基因进行比对确定所述测序 结果中所包含的已知 SNP。
34、 根据权利要求 33所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述比对单元适于利用 SOAP/SOAP2 软件进行比对。
35、 根据权利要求 33所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述 SNP确定装置进一步包括: SNP过滤单元, 所述 SNP过滤单元适于基于如下过滤条件, 对所述测序结果中所包含 的已知 SNP进行过滤:
SNP calling质量值大于 20;
SNP位点测序深度大于 8;
SNP位点深度小于基因组平均深度的 5倍;
SNP位点拷贝数不大于 2; 和
SNP位点与最近的其他 SNP位点之间的距离大于 5。
36、 根据权利要求 24所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述已知 SNP位于人染色体 HBB基 因区。
37、根据权利要求 36所述的系统,其特征在于,所述已知 SNP为选自下列的至少一种: rs33985472、 rs63750954、 rs63751128、 rs33978907、 rs34029390、 rs34809925、 rs33953406、 rs33910569、 rs33910569、 rs33971634、 rs3392539 rs33946267、 rs35485099、 rs36015961、 rs33930977、 rs35256489、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33952266、 rs33914668、 rs33914668、 rs33913413, rs33913413、 rs34483965、 rs34793594、 rs35703285、 rs63750433、 rs34690599、 rs63751175、 rs35328027、 rsl609812、 rs34451549、 rs7480526、 rsl0768683、 rs35099082、 rs63750283、 rs63750283、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33945777、 rs33933298、 rs33913712、 rs33995148、 rs33931779、 rs33969400、 rs33922842、 rsll549407、 rs33974936、 rs33991059、
rs33982568、 rs33948578、 rsl l3507 rs3394300 rs3394300 rs63750513、 rs34527846、 rs35456885、 rs35004220、 rs63750195、 rs35724775、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33915217、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33956879、 rs33971440、 rs33971440、 rs33960103、 rs33960103、 rs35684407、 rs35578002、 rs33916412、 rs35424040、 rs33950507、 rs33950507、 rs33951465、 rs33959855、 rs33972047、 rs33986703、 rs3471601 rs63750783、 rs35799536、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33930702、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs33941849、 rs34563000、 rs34135787、 rs34704828、 rs63750628、 rs34305195以及位于人染色体 11上 5246716位、 5246879位、 5247026 位、 5248161位的 SNP。
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| WO2018133547A1 (zh) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-26 | 人和未来生物科技(长沙)有限公司 | 无创产前胎儿β型地贫基因突变检测文库构建方法、检测方法和试剂盒 |
| WO2018133546A1 (zh) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-26 | 人和未来生物科技(长沙)有限公司 | 无创产前胎儿α型地贫基因突变检测文库构建方法、检测方法和试剂盒 |
| CN110093413A (zh) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-08-06 | 深圳市卫生健康发展研究中心 | 检测β地中海贫血的引物组和试剂盒 |
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| CN101374963A (zh) * | 2005-12-22 | 2009-02-25 | 凯津公司 | 用于基于aflp的高通量多态性检测的方法 |
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| WO2018133547A1 (zh) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-26 | 人和未来生物科技(长沙)有限公司 | 无创产前胎儿β型地贫基因突变检测文库构建方法、检测方法和试剂盒 |
| WO2018133546A1 (zh) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-26 | 人和未来生物科技(长沙)有限公司 | 无创产前胎儿α型地贫基因突变检测文库构建方法、检测方法和试剂盒 |
| CN110093413A (zh) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-08-06 | 深圳市卫生健康发展研究中心 | 检测β地中海贫血的引物组和试剂盒 |
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