WO2014027198A1 - Gestion de consommation de puissance et/ou d'utilisation d'énergie - Google Patents

Gestion de consommation de puissance et/ou d'utilisation d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014027198A1
WO2014027198A1 PCT/GB2013/052161 GB2013052161W WO2014027198A1 WO 2014027198 A1 WO2014027198 A1 WO 2014027198A1 GB 2013052161 W GB2013052161 W GB 2013052161W WO 2014027198 A1 WO2014027198 A1 WO 2014027198A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
power
winding
primary winding
turns
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PCT/GB2013/052161
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jihong Wang
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The University Of Warwick
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by The University Of Warwick filed Critical The University Of Warwick
Priority to GB1503690.8A priority Critical patent/GB2519719B/en
Publication of WO2014027198A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014027198A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/06—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by measuring current and voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/133—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1878—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using tap changing or phase shifting transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/12—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/20—Measuring number of turns; Measuring transformation ratio or coupling factor of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/42—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils
    • H01F27/422—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils for instrument transformers
    • H01F27/425—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils for instrument transformers for voltage transformers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for determining an amount by which power consumption is reduced and/ or an amount of energy saved arising from use of a voltage regulation device.
  • a voltage regulation device (which may also be referred to as a "voltage controller” or “voltage optimiser”) can be used to control the voltage of an electrical supply to a load.
  • Voltage regulation devices can be used in industrial, commercial and domestic environments to reduce power consumption. Voltage regulation devices can also improve performance of electrical appliances and may even help to prolong their life.
  • a voltage regulation device keeps an output voltage at a pre-set desired value which is stepped-down or stepped-up from the input voltage.
  • FIGS ⁇ to 3 illustrate voltage regulation devices 1.
  • a voltage regulation device 1 comprises a step-down transformer 2 having primary and secondary coils (or “windings") 3, 4 wound around a core 5.
  • Each winding 3, 4 has two or more terminals 6, 7.
  • a transformer 2 may comprise a single coil which is used to provide both the primary and secondary coils 3, 4 and such an arrangement is commonly known as an
  • the transformer 1 is connectable to a power supply 8 and a load 9.
  • a transformer 1 may have a fixed-turn ratio.
  • a transformer 1 may have a tapped structure to provide a variable-turn ratio.
  • one or more connection points (or “taps”) 10 may be made to the primary coil 3, each connected to additional input terminals 6. This arrangement can provide variable voltage regulation.
  • a series chain of switches 11, arranged into pairs, is provided between the input terminals 6.
  • a midpoint 12 of the chain of switches 11 is attached to one 13 end of the primary coil 3.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • WO 2007/017618 Ai describes an example of a voltage regulation device which uses PWM control.
  • Other forms of control can be used, such as phase angle switching.
  • an arrangement 14 is shown for determining the amount by which power consumption is reduced due to a voltage regulation device 1.
  • the arrangement includes a power supply 8 and first and second loads 91, 9 2 .
  • a voltage regulation device 1 (which may be one of the devices shown in Figures 1 to 3) is placed between the power supply 8 and the second load 9 2 .
  • First and second power measuring devices 151, 152 are used to measure power supplied to the loads 91, 9 2 .
  • the power measuring devices 151, 152 provide respective values of power consumption to a comparator 16 which determines the reduction in power arising from using the voltage regulation device 1 and outputs a value for display on a visual display 17.
  • the loads 91, 9 2 should be identical. However, this can be difficult to achieve and so there is a problem that it is difficult to determine how much power consumption is reduced or how much energy is saved by using the voltage regulation device.
  • the present invention seeks to address this problem.
  • a method comprising calculating a power reduction or energy saving resulting from use of a voltage regulation device which comprises a transformer comprising primary and secondary windings, wherein calculating the power reduction includes determining a power induced in the primary winding from the secondary winding which depends on primary winding current and voltage across the primary winding, and adjusting the power based on number of turns in the primary winding and number of turns in the second winding and storing or on voltage across the primary winding and voltage across the second winding and/ or displaying the power reduction.
  • a value of power consumption reduction can be obtained simply by using measurements of currents and/or voltages in the primary and secondary coils obtained from the voltage regulation device during use. In particular, measurements of current and/ or voltage while the voltage regulation device is not being used are not required.
  • the method may comprise receiving measurement(s) of primary winding current and calculating the power induced using the measurements of primary winding current.
  • the method may comprise receiving measurement(s) of current from the power source and receiving measurement(s) of secondary winding current. Calculating the power induced may include using the measurements of the current from the power source and secondary winding current.
  • the secondary winding current may be measured directly or obtained from measurements of current from power source and primary winding.
  • the method may comprise receiving measurement(s) of voltage across the primary winding. Calculating the power induced may include using the measurement(s) of voltage across the primary winding.
  • the power supply may be single-, three- or multiple-phase supply.
  • the voltage regulation device may comprise a fixed turn transformer, a tapped transformer or a pulse width modulation power electronic switch controlled transformer. Adjusting the power based on voltage across the primary winding and voltage across the second winding may comprise multiplying the induced power by a factor ( V, / V 2 ), where Vj is a voltage across the primary winding and V 2 is the voltage across the second winding.
  • the voltages may be RMS voltage or peak voltages.
  • Adjusting the power based on voltage across the primary winding and voltage across the second winding may comprise multiplying the induced power by a factor
  • V is a voltage across the primary winding and V 2 is the voltage across the second winding.
  • the voltages may be RMS voltage or peak voltages.
  • Adjusting the power based on voltage across the primary winding and voltage across the second winding may comprise dividing the induced power by a factor V, /(V, - V 2 ) where Vj is a voltage across the primary winding and V 2 is the voltage across the second winding.
  • the voltages may be RMS voltage or peak voltages.
  • transformer ratio can continually change (for example, in a PWM-controlled transformer)
  • using voltage ratios can provide more accurate value(s) for power reduction and/or energy saving than using transformer turn ratio.
  • Calculating the power reduction may comprise calculating:
  • V lrms is the RMS voltage across the primary winding
  • V 2rms is the RMS voltage across the second winding
  • P id (t) is the induced power
  • Calculating the energy saving may comprise calculating:
  • V lrms is the RMS voltage across the primary winding
  • V 2rms is the RMS voltage across the second winding
  • t x is a start time
  • t 2 is an end time
  • Calculating the power reduction may comprise calculating:
  • V l is the peak voltage across the primary winding
  • V 2 is the peak voltage across the second winding
  • P id (t) is the induced power
  • Calculating the energy saving may comprise calculating:
  • V l is the peak voltage across the primary winding
  • V 2 is the peak voltage across the second winding
  • t 2 is an end time
  • Adjusting the power based on number of turns in the primary winding and number of turns in the second winding may comprise multiplying the induced power by a factor (N ! I N 2 ) , where N l is the number of turns in the primary winding and N 2 is the number of turns in the second winding.
  • Adjusting the power based on number of turns in the primary winding and number of turns in the second winding may comprise multiplying the induced power by a factor 1 - ((N N 2 ) / N ) 2 , where N is the number of turns in the primary winding and N 2 is the number of turns in the second winding.
  • Adjusting the power based on number of turns in the primary winding and number of turns in the second winding may comprise dividing the induced power by a factor ((N N 2 ) / N ) 2 , where is the number of turns in the primary winding and N 2 is the number of turns in the second winding.
  • Calculating the power reduction may comprise calculating:
  • N is the number of turns in the primary winding
  • N 2 is the number of turns in the second winding
  • P u is the induced power through the primary winding.
  • the induced power, P u may be constant over a duration of time and so may be considered not to be time-varying, i.e. P M maybe used instead of P id (t) .
  • the induced power, P M may be instantaneous power, p rl (t) , active power, P, or reactive power, Q.
  • the active power, P may be calculated using:
  • the active power, P may vary with time, i.e. P(t) , and active power at a given time, P(t) may be calculated using:
  • the reactive power, Q may be calculated using:
  • the reactive power, Q may vary with time, i.e. Q ⁇ t) , and reactive power at a given time, Q ⁇ t) , may be calculated using:
  • V (RMS) is the RMS voltage across the primary winding
  • ⁇ is the phase angle between the primary winding current and the voltage across the primary winding
  • Calculating the energy saving may comprise integrating power consumption reduction over time.
  • the method may comprise receiving measurement(s) of primary winding current and calculating the power induced using the measurements of primary winding current.
  • the secondary winding current may be measured directly or obtained from measurements of current from power source and primary winding.
  • the method may comprise receiving measurement(s) of voltage across the primary winding. Calculating the power induced may include using the measurement(s) of voltage across the primary winding.
  • the method may comprise obtaining the voltage and/ or current of the primary winding from available measurements of the voltage regulation device using state estimation, state prediction or state observer technique.
  • Calculating the energy saving may comprise calculating:
  • N j is the number of turns in the primary winding
  • N 2 is the number of turns in the second winding
  • P id is the induced power through the primary winding
  • t x is a start time for energy accumulation
  • t 2 is an end time for energy accumulation.
  • the method may comprise transmitting the calculated results for power reduction and/ or energy saving to a remote location, for example, to a power supply network operator server.
  • a remote location for example, to a power supply network operator server.
  • the operator is informed about how much power or energy is reduced from the user side by using the voltage regulation devices.
  • the operator can also send information to the voltage regulation device to participate in user side regulation actions. This can be integrated into a smart grid frame for optimising supply and load balance.
  • a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium storing the computer program.
  • a device configured to perform the method.
  • the device may comprise memory and processor(s).
  • the processor(s) is (are) configured to perform the method.
  • the device may further comprise an interface for receiving current and/or voltage measurements.
  • the interface may include an analog- to-digital converter.
  • apparatus comprising a voltage regulating device comprising a transformer comprising primary and secondary windings, meters for measuring or determining supply voltage and primary winding current, and the device.
  • Figure l illustrates an autotransformer with a fixed-turn ratio
  • Figure 2 illustrates a tap changing autotransformer
  • Figure 3 illustrates a pulse width modulation power electronics switch-controlled autotransformer
  • Figure 4 illustrates an arrangement for determining power saving arising from the use of a voltage regulation device
  • Figure 5 illustrates an arrangement comprising an autotransformer and current meters for measuring currents, , i 2 , i 3 flowing from the source and through the secondary and primary windings respectively;
  • Figure 6 illustrates simulated plots of currents, i x , i 2 , i 3 for the autotransformer 1 shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 illustrates an arrangement comprising an autotransformer, a voltage meter for measuring the voltage across the primary coil and a current meter for measuring current, i 2 ,flowing through the secondary winding;
  • Figure 8 illustrates simulated plots of primary winding voltage, v, and primary winding current i 3 for the autotransformer 2 shown in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 shows simulated time-dependent values of instant power, p , active power, P rX , and reactive power, Q rX , obtained from the primary winding of the
  • Figure 10 illustrates an arrangement comprising the fixed-turn ratio autotransformer, a current meter and a voltage meter
  • Figure 11 is a block diagram of an arrangement for determining power saving arising from the use of a voltage regulation device.
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram of a data processing system.
  • the electrical current passing through the primary winding 3 almost has a 180 0 phase shift compared with the current through the secondary winding 4.
  • the voltage applied across the primary winding 3 and the current flowing through the primary coil 3 almost have a 180 0 phase difference and so the overall power calculated from the voltage and current is negative.
  • a negative power can be viewed as the primary winding 3 drawing negative power from the power supply 8 and so the power consumed by the load 9 is reduced accordingly.
  • Figure 5 shows an arrangement which comprises a fixed turn ratio autotransformer 2 and first, second and third current meter ig 2 , 19 3 arranged to measure the current, , from the power source 8, the current, i 2 , in the secondary winding 3 and the current, i 3 , in the primary winding 3.
  • Power consumption reduction and/ or energy saving can be calculated from a measured primary winding current, i 3 , and the primary winding voltage, v, only.
  • power consumption reduction and/or energy saving can be calculated from the measurement of current from the power source supply, i x , and the secondary winding current, i 2 .
  • Figure 6 illustrates simulated plots of currents, , i 2 , i 3 flowing into and through the autotransformer 2 shown in Figure 5.
  • the primary winding current, i 2 , i 3 leads (or lags) the secondary winding current, i 2 , and the current, i x , from the source 8 by 180 0 .
  • Figure 7 shows another arrangement 20 comprising the fixed turn ratio
  • Figure 8 illustrates simulated plots of primary winding voltage, v, and secondary winding current i 2 for the autotransformer 2 shown in Figure 7.
  • the primary winding voltage, v, and current, i 3 almost have a phase difference 180 0 and so a calculation of instant power, p , is negative over the time period shown in Figure 8.
  • This can be viewed as power being "fed back" to the power supply 8 from the load side. Therefore, the same load 9 consumes less power (and, thus, uses less energy) when the voltage regulation device 1 is connected between the power source 8 and load 9.
  • Power reduction can be calculated using the transformer primary-side voltage, v, and its current, i 3 .
  • An active power, P rl , and a reactive power, Q rl can also be calculated based on the phase angle between the voltage and the current.
  • the power consumption reduction, AP can be calculated in the following two ways:
  • the power consumption reduction, AP , and energy saving, AE can be calculated by using the measured voltage, v, and the current, i 3 .
  • the instantaneous power, p ⁇ t) , active power, P ⁇ t) ,and the reactive power, Q ⁇ t) can be obtained using the following equations:
  • Figure 9 shows simulated time-dependent values of instant power, p ⁇ t) , active power, P rl (t) , and reactive power, Q rl (t) , calculated using Equations (1) to (3).
  • Active power, P rl (t) , and reactive power, Q rl (t) involve tacking an average and so, for constant voltage and current, the values take about two periods to reach steady values.
  • the active power, P rl (t) , and reactive power, Q ⁇ t) are obtained using harmonic analysis can be obtained simply by measuring the voltages and currents over time, obtaining the rms values and multiplying by cosine or sine of the phase angle, ⁇ , between the primary winding current and the main voltage.
  • active power, P ⁇ t) , and reactive power, Q ⁇ t) are obtained by measuring the voltages and currents over time and using harmonic analysis.
  • Figure 10 shows yet another arrangement 21 comprising the fixed turn ratio
  • the current difference between and i 2 can be obtained, which represents the current, i 3 , on the primary side 3.
  • the active power, P rl (t) , and reactive power, Q rl (t) can be obtained by
  • ⁇ is the current from the power source supply
  • Pr ⁇ is the power induced on the primary winding 3 from the secondary winding 4
  • RMS is the Root Mean Square value
  • ⁇ is the phase angle between the primary winding current and the main voltage.
  • Equations (1) to (3) and (4) to (7) work with different types of loads including resistive, capacitive and inductive loads and non-linear and emf electrical machinery type.
  • the energy saving, AE can be calculated using:
  • N and N 2 are the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings 3, 4 respectively.
  • the power consumption reduction, AP when using a voltage regulation device can be estimated by:
  • N and N 2 are the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings 3, 4 respectively. If a fixed turn ratio transformer is used, then the ratios (N l I N 2 ) and ((N l - N 2 ) / N j ) are related to voltages across the primary and secondary windings 3, 4, for example: N, V, Irms y Irms
  • y irms is the RMS voltage across the primary winding 3, i.e. RMS supply voltage
  • V 2rms is the RMS voltage across the secondary winding 4, i.e. RMS load voltage.
  • equation (14) does not necessarily hold.
  • a non-fixed turn ratio transformer such as a voltage regulator usinj PWM controlled power electronic switching
  • equation (14) does not necessarily hold.
  • using the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings 3, 4 to calculate power consumption reduction may not be valid.
  • measured RMS voltages or peak voltages can be used instead of number of turns.
  • RMS voltages or peak voltages reflect the variation caused by PWM switching regulations.
  • the power consumption reduction, AP can be estimated by:
  • V lrms is the RMS supply voltage
  • the power consumption reduction, AP can be estimated using peak voltages for example by: where:
  • Vi is peak supply voltage
  • V 2 is peak load voltage
  • the energy saving, AE can be calculated by:
  • t x is a start time for the energy saving calculation and t 2 is the end time for the energy saving calculation.
  • ( t 2 - t x ) is at least of the order of hours, e.g. days or weeks. Multiple calculations can be made for different durations and calculations may overlap. For example, calculations may be made for the preceding week and the preceding month or year.
  • instant power, p rX , active power, P x , and reactive power, Q rX are shown as time-varying signals, i.e. P r id , ⁇ 1 an d Q n (t) .
  • instant power, p rX , active power, P rX , and reactive power, Q rX maybe constant (or considered to be constant) over a duration of time, e.g. over one or several cycles or longer.
  • power maybe considered to be constant and, thus, have a fixed value for the whole duration between t 2 and t x .
  • the duration between t 2 and t x can be divided in intervals (which may be equal or unequal in length) and power may have respective fixed values for each interval.
  • Equations (11) to (13) and equations (15) to (17), equations (11') to (13') and equations (15') to (17') and equations (11") to (13") and equations (15") to (17") provide accurate solutions if ideal transformers are used or all the transformer losses can be ignored.
  • the calculated power consumption reduction, AP, and energy saving, AE may be slightly less than the true values. That is, a true energy saving may be slightly higher than the estimated value in some cases. From simulation analysis, the calculation error is no more than 5% of the true value.
  • an arrangement 23 is shown for determining and displaying power consumption reduction and/ or energy saving.
  • the arrangement 23 includes a power supply 8 and load 9.
  • a voltage regulation device 1 is placed between the power supply 8 and the load 9.
  • the voltage regulation device 1 continuously outputs measured values 24, 25, 26, 27 of primary winding current, i 3 , supply voltage, v load current, i 2 , and load voltage, v 2 - In some cases, the voltage regulation device 1 does not continuously output measured values 24, 25, 26, 27 but outputs measured values 24, 25, 26, 27 at intervals. For power reduction and energy saving calculation, the measured load current, i 2 , and load voltage, v 2 , are not needed. These values 24, 25, 26, 27 are fed into a processing and display unit 28.
  • the processing and display unit 28 comprises an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 29 which digitizes the measured values 24, 25, 26, 27 at suitably high sampling rate and supplies digitized values 24, 25, 26, 27 to a calculation module 30.
  • the calculation module 30 calculates values 31, 32 of power consumption reduction, AP , using equation 11, 12, 13, 11', 12', 13', 11", 12" or 13" above and and/or energy saving, AE , using equation 15, 16, 17, 15', 16', 17', 15", 16” or 17” and outputs the value(s) 31, 32, for example, in numerical form and/or graphically on a display 33.
  • the calculation module 30 may also output values of current and voltage measurements and instant, active and reactive power.
  • Values can be updated in real time by selecting a preferred time interval, i.e. and t 2 .
  • processing and display unit 28 may be implemented using a data processing system 34.
  • the data processing system 34 includes at least one processing core 35, memory 36 and input/output interface 37 interconnected by a bus system 38.
  • the data processing system 34 includes non-volatile storage 39 which stores software 40 for implementing the calculation module 30 and data 41 such as values of power reduction and energy saving.
  • the data processing system 34 also includes a data interface 42 which may include the ADC 29.
  • the processing core 35, memory 36, input/ output interface 37, bus system 38, non-volatile storage 39 and data interface 40 may be implemented in a microcontroller 43.
  • the data processing system 34 also includes user input device 44, such as a keypad, which can be used to input start and end points for the calculation and the display 33, for example, in the form of a liquid crystal display or light-emitting diode.
  • the computer system 34 may include a wired network interface 45, such as a USB interface, and a wireless interface, such as Bluetooth interface 46 to allow data to be transmitted via a remote device (not shown) such as a personal computer, tablet computer or mobile phone.
  • a wired network interface 45 such as a USB interface
  • a wireless interface such as Bluetooth interface 46 to allow data to be transmitted via a remote device (not shown) such as a personal computer, tablet computer or mobile phone.
  • the processing and display unit 28 may be provided as a separate, stand-alone product which can be connected to the voltage regulation device 1. However, processing and display unit 28 and the voltage regulation device 1 may be integrated into a single unit.
  • the voltage regulation device may comprise a step-up transformer and power consumption reduction and/or energy saving may be determined for a voltage regulation device involving stepping-up a supply voltage.
  • the measurements may be provided in the form of data, for example, stored on a data carrier or memory, or carried in a signal.
  • Parameters such as induced power, P M , RMS voltage, V(RMS) and current, /(RMS), may be constant over a duration of time. Thus, parameters need not be treated as time- varying, but as a constant. Thus, a fixed value for a parameter, for example P id (t) , may be used instead of a time-varying value for the parameter, such as P d (t) .
  • RMS and peak values may be used to calculate power consumption reduction, AP , and or energy saving, AE , provided a ratio uses the same type of value, i.e. RMS values or peak values.
  • RMS values or peak values i.e. one of the three ratios in an equation may be calculated using RMS values and the other two ratios can be calculated using peak values.
  • Mixtures of transformer turn ratios and transformed voltage ratios may be used to calculate power consumption reduction, AP , and or energy saving, AE , provided a ratio uses the same type of value, i.e. turns or one type of voltage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de déterminer une baisse de consommation de puissance et/ou une économie d'énergie intervenant grâce à l'utilisation d'un dispositif de régulation de tension (1). Selon l'invention, le procédé fait appel au calcul d'une baisse de puissance et/ou d'une économie d'énergie résultant de l'utilisation d'un dispositif de régulation de tension qui comprend un transformateur possédant des enroulements primaire et secondaire. Le calcul de l'économie d'énergie et/ou de la baisse de puissance fait appel à la détermination d'une puissance induite dans l'enroulement primaire depuis l'enroulement secondaire sur la base d'un courant d'enroulement primaire et d'une tension aux bornes de l'enroulement primaire, et au réglage de la puissance sur la base du nombre de tours de l'enroulement primaire et du nombre de tours de l'enroulement secondaire ou sur la base d'une tension aux bornes de l'enroulement primaire et d'une tension aux bornes de l'enroulement secondaire. Le procédé fait appel à la mémorisation et/ou à l'affichage de la baisse de puissance et/ou de l'économie d'énergie.
PCT/GB2013/052161 2012-08-15 2013-08-14 Gestion de consommation de puissance et/ou d'utilisation d'énergie WO2014027198A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1503690.8A GB2519719B (en) 2012-08-15 2013-08-14 Monitoring power consumption and/or energy usage

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1214556.1A GB2504971A (en) 2012-08-15 2012-08-15 Calculating the reduction in power consumption or energy usage provided by a voltage optimizer
GB1214556.1 2012-08-15
GB1302819.6 2013-02-19
GB1302819.6A GB2505019A (en) 2012-08-15 2013-02-19 Calculating the reduction in power consumption or energy usage provided by a voltage optimizer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014027198A1 true WO2014027198A1 (fr) 2014-02-20

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GB (3) GB2504971A (fr)
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WO2017091793A1 (fr) * 2015-11-24 2017-06-01 The Powerwise Group, Inc. Régulateur unifié de flux d'énergie électrique utilisant des dispositifs à économies d'énergie à un point de consommation d'énergie électrique
US10569264B2 (en) 2016-02-03 2020-02-25 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Catalyst for oxidising ammonia
CN112327048A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-05 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 用于电子设备的功率测试装置及方法
WO2023277726A1 (fr) * 2021-07-01 2023-01-05 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Авэк" Système et procédé de commande de consommation de ressources

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2533900A (en) * 2014-09-11 2016-07-13 Emsc (Uk) Ltd Electrical device

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US6191568B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2001-02-20 Franco Poletti Load power reduction control and supply system
US6316923B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2001-11-13 Franco Poletti Power control circuits for luminaires
US20030225640A1 (en) * 1999-12-03 2003-12-04 Ultrawatt Energy Systems, Inc. System and method for monitoring lighting systems
US20020062180A1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-05-23 Denis Enberg Electrical power distribution system for street lighting
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US20040158541A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2004-08-12 Ultrawatt Energy Systems, Inc. Power savings financial compensation control method and system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017091793A1 (fr) * 2015-11-24 2017-06-01 The Powerwise Group, Inc. Régulateur unifié de flux d'énergie électrique utilisant des dispositifs à économies d'énergie à un point de consommation d'énergie électrique
US10569264B2 (en) 2016-02-03 2020-02-25 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Catalyst for oxidising ammonia
USRE49743E1 (en) 2016-02-03 2023-12-05 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Catalyst for oxidising ammonia
CN112327048A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-05 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 用于电子设备的功率测试装置及方法
CN112327048B (zh) * 2020-11-03 2023-08-29 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 用于电子设备的功率测试装置及方法
WO2023277726A1 (fr) * 2021-07-01 2023-01-05 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Авэк" Système et procédé de commande de consommation de ressources

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Publication number Publication date
GB201302819D0 (en) 2013-04-03
GB2504971A (en) 2014-02-19
GB201214556D0 (en) 2012-09-26
GB2519719A (en) 2015-04-29
GB2519719B (en) 2018-01-10
GB201503690D0 (en) 2015-04-22
GB2505019A (en) 2014-02-19

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