WO2014024165A2 - Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014024165A2
WO2014024165A2 PCT/IB2013/056498 IB2013056498W WO2014024165A2 WO 2014024165 A2 WO2014024165 A2 WO 2014024165A2 IB 2013056498 W IB2013056498 W IB 2013056498W WO 2014024165 A2 WO2014024165 A2 WO 2014024165A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
printing
printed
heating device
carbon
flexible
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/056498
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
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WO2014024165A9 (fr
Inventor
Miguel Bruno VIEIRA RIBEIRO
Bruno Guilherme GONÇALVES MATOS
André Lourenço CALDEIRA PINTO
António MIGUEL GONÇALVES
João Manuel DE CARVALHO GOMES
José Fernando OLIVEIRA DA SILVA
Original Assignee
Centi - Centro De Nanotecnologia E Materiais Técnicos Funcionais E Inteligentes
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Centi - Centro De Nanotecnologia E Materiais Técnicos Funcionais E Inteligentes filed Critical Centi - Centro De Nanotecnologia E Materiais Técnicos Funcionais E Inteligentes
Priority to EP13774822.4A priority Critical patent/EP2884818B1/fr
Publication of WO2014024165A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014024165A2/fr
Publication of WO2014024165A9 publication Critical patent/WO2014024165A9/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/267—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the present application describes heating circuits composed of metallic and / or non-metallic conductive materials in the form of thin films printed on flexible or rigid substrates.
  • WO2007021528A1 discloses a method for manufacturing flexible and non-flexible electric heating devices.
  • this document provides no evidence that these devices are manufactured by the printing and / or coating techniques mentioned in this application. The impression of the devices in roll to roll and / or sheet to sheet systems, on flexible and / or rigid substrates is not evidenced either.
  • the above document provides a way of connecting a resistive system to perforated metal bus bars, which may be woven or nonwoven, a film or a mesh. Thus a way of making a printed heating device is not claimed, but a way of making the resistive system connections to the respective bus bars.
  • WO2007076506A1 discloses a system for effective defrosting of a plastic window which includes a transparent plastic panel, a heating grid including a plurality of heating lines which are integrated in the plastic panel and electric current equalizing means. cross each line.
  • this document does not have the same geometry / structure / shape as presented in this application, nor the ability to process these systems on the aforementioned flexible substrates and / or rigid substrates such as concrete and / or ceramic and / or wood agglomerates.
  • the resistive material referred to in the document is also different from that presented in this application and its use is not indicated in any claim.
  • the processing methods mentioned in the present application also enjoy novelty when coupled with the already mentioned flexible and / or rigid substrates in the manufacture of these heating systems.
  • W09715171A2 discloses a resistance electric heating system with an electric heating layer capable of electric heating consisting of a mixture of graphite particles and hardeners and capable of operation at a minimum surface temperature.
  • this document does not have the same geometry / structure / shape presented in this application, nor the ability to process these devices in roll to roll systems using flexible substrates.
  • the resistive material referred to in the document, namely graphite, is also different from that presented in this application.
  • the processing methods mentioned in the present application also enjoy novelty when combined with the flexible and / or rigid substrates already mentioned in the manufacture of these heating systems. summary
  • the present application describes a printed heating device comprising:
  • bus bars comprising materials with sheet resistivity between 5 and 40 mQ / sq / mil; printed tracks comprising materials with sheet resistivities of between 10 and 100 ⁇ / sq / mil;
  • an electronic control system is coupled to the printed heating device which comprises:
  • barrier film for electrical and mechanical protection.
  • the bus bars printed on the printed heating device have lengths ranging from 50 to 5000 mm.
  • the tracks printed on the printed heater have a length ranging from 40 to 200 mm, a width from 2.5 to 15 mm and a thickness from 2 to 20 mm. 100 ⁇ . In a preferred embodiment, the distance between the printed bus bars on the printed heating device is between 40 and 100 mm.
  • the distance between the tracks printed on the printed heater is between 2.5 and 15 mm.
  • the flexible substrate of the printed heating device is made of ethylene polytaphthalate (PET), and / or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and / or cork, and / or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), and / or meshes coated with polymeric films.
  • PET ethylene polytaphthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • cork cork
  • TPO thermoplastic polyolefin
  • the rigid substrate of the printed heater is made of concrete, and / or glass, and / or ceramic, and / or wood agglomerates typically compatible with sheet-to-sheet systems.
  • the materials used for printing the printed heating device tracks and / or resistive films comprise the following composition:
  • the materials used in the printing of conductive lanes of the printed heating device comprises the following composition:
  • the heating device for the heating of interior and exterior floors, in chairs, sofas and benches, in particular in seats and footrests and in car doors and dashboards.
  • the present application describes heating devices whose essential elements are: low electrical conductive (resistive) materials responsible for circuit heating, high electrical conductivity materials used in heating circuit bus bars and connections between circuit modules and a flexible substrate, such as ethylene polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and / or cork and / or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) and / or mesh coated with polymeric films, or rigid substrates such as concrete and / or glass and / or ceramic and / or wood agglomerates by silkscreen and / or rotogravure and / or inkjet printing techniques in roll to roll and / or sheet to sheet systems.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • TPO thermoplastic polyolefin
  • Circuits may be laminated and / or coated with different materials after printing for electrical and mechanical protection, depending on the intended final application.
  • heating devices are composed of metallic and / or non-metallic materials and / or composites used as current conductors and resistive systems.
  • the combination of these two types of materials allows the structure to be heated through the known Joule effect.
  • An adjustable electric current flows in the printed circuit, the value of which is dependent on the applied voltage and the resistance of the printed circuit to the passage of electric current.
  • the passage of electric current gives rise to heating of the resistive tracks previously dimensioned when projecting the electrical circuit.
  • the sizing of the conductive and resistive tracks of the system allows the circuit to be calibrated and dimensioned to obtain different temperatures, operating modes, operating voltages and currents. This ensures full adaptability of these circuits to external power supply systems.
  • the devices now disclosed comprise three different geometries / designs / shapes, presenting different advantages, and the possibility of obtaining a larger heating area and / or the opportunity to section the circuit to the desired size in two directions. different without losing any functionality.
  • the temperature obtained on the surface of the printed circuit depends on the electrical voltage applied to the terminals of the printed circuit, the dimensions of their respective lines, the thickness of the printed films, the substrate on which it is printed, the materials used for its processing, the type of association, ie whether it is in series and / or in parallel between the various printed circuits, the medium in which the heating circuit and / or the temperature circuit is embedded and / or laminated and / or printed.
  • printed heating circuits are obtained whose surface temperature is between 30 and 80 ° C and these values can be controlled by the associated electronic control circuit.
  • the electrical sizing of the electronic control circuit and the geometries / designs / shapes of the heating printed circuits is designed according to the area if it is to be heated, the properties of the materials to be used and the voltage available to power the circuit. In addition to the above points, and in order to proceed with the correct electrical sizing of the heating circuits, the same is done based on the desired power per area. Based on this value it is possible to proceed to the dimensional calculation of the tracks of resistive material, namely its width, length and thickness, and consequently of its value of electrical resistance, thus allowing to predict the value of energy dissipated by the circuit in the form of heat. . For the correct electrical dimensioning it is necessary to keep in mind the electrical resistivity values of the materials after their printing.
  • the power of the printed heating circuits varies with the electrical design previously carried out, with the obtained values being between 100 and 350 W / m 2 .
  • the encapsulation of the heating circuits printed on flexible and / or rigid substrates is effected by rolling, and / or thermocolling, and / or slot die, and / or doctor blade, and / or knife-over-edge, and / or screen printing and / or spraying of a UV and / or temperature curable polymeric material.
  • the use of techniques such as slot die and / or doctor blade and / or knife-over-edge is new to the known methods for flexible and / or rigid substrates.
  • the main purposes of the encapsulation are to protect the circuit against abrasion and moisture, and the electrical insulation of the system.
  • the electronic control system regulates the system temperature according to the temperature previously set by the user.
  • This system is integrated between the power supply and the printed heating circuit, thus regulating the current intensity and / or the time of application of electrical voltage to the heating circuit.
  • This electronic control system consists of: a circuit power supply, monitoring temperature sensors, electronic temperature control system, barrier film for electrical and mechanical protection.
  • This type of heating device has several advantages such as light weight, thinness and high flexibility and can be easily laminated with other materials. Since they are placed near the surfaces to be heated, the dissipated power to the surface will be lower, resulting in lower energy consumption compared to other conventional heating systems.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of the heating circuit consisting of carbon raceways and / or composite material and two silver bus bars and / or metallic material, where reference numerals illustrate: 1 - carbon and / or carbon composite material;
  • Figure 2 illustrates a heating circuit consisting of larger carbon tracks and / or composite material and three silver and / or metallic bus bars, where reference numerals illustrate:
  • Figure 3 illustrates a heating circuit composed of a continuous carbon film and / or composite material and perpendicular silver bus bars and / or metal material printed on both sides of the carbon film and / or composite material, where the numbers of reference illustrate:
  • Resistive materials are carbon pastes and / or carbon composite materials, which can be processed by screen printing technology, and / or rotogravure and / or inkjet printing. This type of material is used due to its higher sheet resistivity, whose value is between 10 and ⁇ / sq / mil, in order to allow a high heating efficiency through the Joule effect. Due to its high strength, The design of long circuits has some limitations due to the loss of electrical voltage along them, thus influencing the intended heating.
  • bus bars In order to reduce the electrical resistance of larger circuits, silver and / or copper and / or aluminum tracks, typically called bus bars, are printed along the circuits. These conductive materials have low sheet resistivities, the value of which is between 5 and 40 mQ / sq / mil and thus do not dissipate much energy by Joule effect. Through this configuration the bus bars carry uniform current to the various terminals of the carbon tracks and / or carbon composite material, thus allowing the uniform release of thermal energy along the various tracks of the resistive material used.
  • the design of the heating circuits is developed based on the electrical resistivity of the materials used and the electrical voltages that are typically used in the various applications where they can be embedded.
  • the printed heating circuit is powered by DC (direct current) or AC (alternating current), and its value can be adjusted to control its temperature or the environment in which it is embedded.
  • the type of electrical voltage applied to circuits varies with the intended end products, which may be DC for heating solutions whose intended end application is related to the aeronautics, automotive and furniture industry, or AC for building related solutions.
  • the use of Printed heating circuits are possible in this range of electrical voltages through the use of an AC-DC transformer that allows the conversion of alternating current into direct current.
  • the operating temperature of the printed circuits can be monitored and controlled by contacting temperature sensors with them.
  • the acquired data are recorded and / or processed by the electronic circuit in which they are inserted, thus allowing real time temperature control.
  • they are associated with an "on / off" circuit which allows the circuit to be switched on and / or off, thus keeping the temperature on its surface between a maximum and a minimum value.
  • thermocontrol on the surface of the printed heating circuit it is possible to associate a circuit that allows the control of current flowing through the circuit, based on the values acquired by the temperature sensors whose placement was previously made on the its surface.
  • connectors are used for conducting electrical current and / or signal between the control system, the power supply and the different circuits and / or components that make up the system.
  • metal connectors are used which can be applied by crimping and / or welding. allowing fast fitting, and / or conductive metal tapes with adhesive properties which can be applied by gluing, and / or conductive metal wires attached to the substrate by crimping, welding or both.
  • bus bars In this geometry two tracks of silver and / or copper and / or aluminum called bus bars (2,3) are printed, and perpendicular tracks composed of carbon and / or carbon composite material (1).
  • the electrical voltage is applied to the bus bars, with no significant heating by the conductive material used due to its low electrical resistivity. Electric current flows between the two bus bars through the carbon raceways and / or carbon composite material (1) which, as they have a high electrical resistance, create a greater difficulty for the electric current to pass than the silver raceways, thus generating forms the release of a higher value of thermal energy through the Joule effect.
  • bus bars (2,3) printed with lengths ranging from 50 to 5000 mm are used.
  • the widths These runways are between 2.5 and 15 mm and their thickness varies between 2 and 100 ⁇ .
  • the distance between the bus bars (2,3) varies from 40 to 100mm and this value must be sized according to the specifications of the carbon tracks and / or carbon composite material. Depending on the size, the bus bars have a total electrical resistance of between 0.1 and 10 ⁇ , and the sheet resistivity of the printed material is between 5 and 40 mQ / sq / mil.
  • the carbon tracks and / or printed carbon composite material (1) have a length ranging from 40 to 100 mm, a width from 2.5 to 15 mm, and a thickness from 2 to the . ⁇ .
  • the distance between the carbon raceways and / or carbon composite material (1) is equal to the width value of the printed carbon raceways and / or carbon composite material, thus varying between 2.5 and 15mm.
  • carbon and / or carbon composite material tracks have a total electrical resistance of between 0.5 and 8 ⁇ , with printed sheet resistivity of between 10 and 100 ⁇ / sq / mil .
  • carbon tracks and / or composite material (1) are printed twice the length of the printed tracks of the geometry shown in Figure 1, and by three silver and / or copper and / or aluminum bus bars (2).
  • This geometry allows the heating of an upper area while maintaining a uniform temperature across the surface, following the operating principle present in the geometry shown in Figure 1.
  • the positive terminal of the power supply is applied to the outer bus bars and the negative terminal. applied to the indoor bus bar.
  • bus bars (2) printed with lengths ranging from 50 to 5000 mm are used.
  • the widths of these tracks are between 2.5 and 15 mm, and their thickness varies between 2 and 100 ⁇ .
  • the distance between the bus bars (2) ranges from 40 to 100mm and this value should be sized to the specifications of the carbon printed tracks and / or carbon composite material.
  • the printed bus bars have a total electrical resistance of between 0.01 and 10 ⁇ , and the sheet resistivity of the printed material is between 5 and 40 mQ / sq / mil.
  • the printed carbon raceways and / or carbon composite material (1) have a length between 80 and 200 mm, a width between 2.5 and 15 mm and a thickness between 2 and 200 mm. the . ⁇ .
  • the distance between the carbon raceways and / or printed carbon composite material (1) is equal to the width value of the carbon raceways and / or carbon composite material, thus varying between 2.5 and 15mm.
  • the printed carbon and / or carbon composite material tracks have a total electrical resistance of between 1 and 16 ⁇ , with the printed sheet resistivity of between 10 and 100 e / sq / mil.
  • this device is not as flexible as devices composed of carbon runways and / or composite material.
  • bus bars (2) printed with lengths ranging from 50 to 500 mm are used.
  • the widths of these tracks are between 2.5 and 15 mm, and their thickness varies between 2 and 100 ⁇ .
  • the distance between the printed bus bars (2) ranges from 40 to 100mm, and this value must be sized to the specifications of the printed carbon raceways and / or carbon composite material.
  • the printed bus bars have a total electrical resistance of between 0.01 and 35 °, with the printed sheet resistivity of between 5 and 40 mQ / sq / mil.
  • the printed carbon film and / or carbon composite material (1) has a length ranging from 80 to 200mm, a width from 2.5 to 15mm, and a thickness from 2 to the ⁇ .
  • printed carbon films and / or carbon composite material have a total electrical resistance of between 10 and 2000 ⁇ , with printed sheet resistivity of between 10 and 100 100 / sq / mil.
  • the two materials that make up the heating circuits are screen printed, and / or rotogravured, and / or inkjet printing in roll to roll and / or sheet to sheet systems, the printing technology being chosen, adapted to the substrate used.
  • the ink is forced to the substrate through a frame that is perforated with the pattern to be printed, which is made of polyester or metal.
  • a squeegee composed of a natural or synthetic rubber, usually polychloroprene or flexible polyurethane, is used.
  • the printing process of the heating circuits by screen printing technology can be carried out in sheet by sheet and / or roll by roll systems. Following are the steps for printing on a sheet-by-sheet system on flexible and / or rigid substrates:
  • the dimensions of the printed circuits, and the tracks that make them up, are defined by the frame used for printing.
  • the amount of material that is printed is defined by the characteristics of the board and the processing parameters used. Curing of the material after printing is done in ventilated ovens.
  • the pattern to be printed is previously engraved on a stainless steel cylinder. It is then forced to wash with the ink and / or paste to be printed to ensure that it is all coated with it. Prior to printing, any excess ink and / or paste remaining on the unrecorded roll surface is removed by a metal blade (or cloth) that is in permanent contact with the roll surface. Hydrodynamic back pressure is exerted on the blade, which is mainly caused by the contact angle of the blade, the compression speed. and the viscosity of the material used, the etched pattern is subsequently printed on the flexible substrate moving in the roll by roll system.
  • the pattern to be printed is previously drawn in digital format and then sent by electrical impulses to the printhead of the equipment, whose operation is based on transducers and / or piezoelectric actuators. This is responsible for printing metallic conductive materials and / or non-metallic resistive materials.
  • the process of printing the heating circuits by inkjet printing technology on a sheet-by-sheet system on flexible and / or rigid substrates follows the following steps:
  • Heating circuit printing may be performed on flexible substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and / or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and / or cork, and / or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), and / or film coated meshes.
  • polymers typically compatible with roll to roll systems, or rigid substrates such as concrete, and / or glass, and / or ceramic, and / or wood agglomerates typically compatible with sheet to sheet systems.
  • These substrates resist the curing temperature of metallic and non-metallic materials, usually between 100 and 150 ° C with a temperature exposure time of between 10 and 20 minutes, which constitute the heating circuits.
  • the non-metallic resistive materials used are based on carbon pastes and / or carbon composite materials. These have a viscosity of between 5 and 250 Pa.S, a sheet resistivity of between 10 and 100 ⁇ / sq / mil, and are thermally cured at a temperature of between 100 and 150 ° C for 10 to 20 minutes.
  • the materials used in the printing of resistive patterns have in their composition graphite (10-15 wt%) and / or carbon black (10-15 wt%) and / or dipropylene glycol ether monomethyl (60-65 wt%). by weight) and / or bisphenol- ⁇ -epichlorohydrin (15-20 wt.%) and / or petroleum distillates (5-15 wt.%) with their percentages being altered in order to obtain the desired electrical resistivities.
  • the use of petroleum distillates is optional, however their introduction allows for greater electrical, mechanical and chemical stability of the developed material after its printing and curing. When introduced, the same percentage value should be reduced for bisphenol-a-epichloridine.
  • the metallic conductive materials used are silver and / or copper and / or aluminum based. These have a viscosity of between 5 and 200 Pa.S, a sheet resistivity of between 5 and 40 mQ / sq / mil, and are thermally cured at a temperature of between 100 and 150 ° C for 10 to 20 minutes.
  • the materials used for the printing of the raceways are aluminum (60-85% by weight) or silver (60-90 wt%) or copper (60-90 wt%) and / or methyl-2-methoxyethoxy) propanol (20-30 wt%) and / or 2- (2ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate (7 -10% by weight), their percentages being changed in order to obtain the desired electrical resistivities.
  • the material used in screen printing is composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or metal, having between 50 and 110 threads per centimeter whose diameters can vary between 30 and 60 ym.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • metal having between 50 and 110 threads per centimeter whose diameters can vary between 30 and 60 ym.
  • heating circuits printed by silkscreen and / or gravure and / or inkjet printing on sheet-to-sheet and / or roll-to-roll systems on flexible and / or rigid substrates are obtained.
  • Printed heating circuits are composed of metallic and / or non-metallic materials such as silver and / or aluminum, and / or copper and / or carbon and / or carbon composite materials and have three geometries / designs / shapes for various types of surfaces.
  • the presented circuits have different advantages, namely the possibility of obtaining a larger heating area and / or the opportunity to section the desired circuit size in two different directions, without losing any functionality.
  • the temperature obtained on the surface of the printed circuits depends on the electrical voltage applied to the printed circuit terminals, the dimensions of the printed circuit and its lines, the thickness of the printed films, the substrate on which it is printed, the materials used for its processing, the type of association (series or parallel) between the various printed circuits and the environment wherein the heating circuit is soaked and / or laminated and / or printed.
  • This type of heating device has several advantages such as light weight, thinness and high flexibility and can be easily laminated with other materials. Since they are placed near the surfaces to be heated, the dissipated power to the surface will be lower, resulting in lower energy consumption compared to other heating systems.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande concerne des dispositifs de chauffage constitués par des matériaux conducteurs métalliques et/ou non métalliques en forme de films fins, imprimés sur des substrats souples, tels que, par exemple, le polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET) et/ou le polyéthylène naphtalate (PEN) et/ou le liège et/ou la polyoléfine thermoplastique (TPO), ou des substrats rigides tels que le béton et/ou le verre et/ou les céramiques et/ou les agglomérés de bois, au moyen de techniques d'impression par sérigraphie et/ou de rotogravure et/ou d'impression par jet d'encre dans des systèmes de type "rouleau à rouleau" et/ou "feuille à feuille". Les circuits peuvent subir un contrecollage et/ou être revêtus de différentes matières après impression en vue d'une protection électrique et mécanique, selon l'application finale souhaitée.
PCT/IB2013/056498 2012-08-08 2013-08-08 Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation WO2014024165A2 (fr)

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WO2015130183A1 (fr) 2014-02-27 2015-09-03 Cmp-Cimentos Maceira E Pataias, S.A. Système de gestion active d'énergie dans des murs et/ou des dallages en béton
US20200015325A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-09 Goodrich Corporation Fusion welded positive temperature coefficient heater assemblies
CN113645723A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-12 山东启原纳米科技有限公司 一种智能柔性电加热系统及其制备方法
US11878500B2 (en) 2018-07-03 2024-01-23 Goodrich Corporation Impact and knife cut resistant pre-impregnated woven fabric for aircraft heated floor panels

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PT108334B (pt) * 2015-03-31 2017-08-30 Amorim Revestimentos Sa Processo de produção de um sistema de aquecimento compreendendo um substrato de aglomerado de cortiça e circuitos de aquecimento impressos
WO2017176208A1 (fr) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-12 Dou Yee Enterprises (S) Pte Ltd Bande chauffante autoadhésive et procédé de fabrication correspondant
WO2020056128A1 (fr) * 2018-09-13 2020-03-19 De Luca Oven Technologies, Llc Élément chauffant multi-plan destiné à être utilisé dans un four à grande vitesse
WO2020056131A1 (fr) * 2018-09-13 2020-03-19 De Luca Oven Technologies, Llc Élément chauffant incorporant un conducteur primaire destiné à être utilisé dans un four rapide
US11242151B2 (en) * 2018-10-16 2022-02-08 Goodrich Corporation Method of using printed highly flexible conductive ink bus bars to transfer power to heated components
CN113993430B (zh) * 2019-02-06 2024-05-17 德卢卡炉灶技术有限责任公司 用于包括张紧系统的高速烤箱的多平面加热元件
CN110107405B (zh) * 2019-05-22 2021-05-28 江鹏 一种直升机发动机进气防护格栅
CN112397107A (zh) * 2019-08-16 2021-02-23 神讯电脑(昆山)有限公司 储存装置的加热及散热结构
FR3102908A1 (fr) * 2019-11-06 2021-05-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Structure chauffante pour véhicule automobile

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WO2007021528A1 (fr) 2005-08-17 2007-02-22 Thermion Systems International Elements chauffants a barres omnibus perforees
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015130183A1 (fr) 2014-02-27 2015-09-03 Cmp-Cimentos Maceira E Pataias, S.A. Système de gestion active d'énergie dans des murs et/ou des dallages en béton
US20200015325A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-01-09 Goodrich Corporation Fusion welded positive temperature coefficient heater assemblies
US11878500B2 (en) 2018-07-03 2024-01-23 Goodrich Corporation Impact and knife cut resistant pre-impregnated woven fabric for aircraft heated floor panels
CN113645723A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-12 山东启原纳米科技有限公司 一种智能柔性电加热系统及其制备方法

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EP2884818B1 (fr) 2023-06-07
EP2884818C0 (fr) 2023-06-07
EP2884818A2 (fr) 2015-06-17
WO2014024165A9 (fr) 2014-04-10

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