WO2014024034A1 - Composting of solid and liquid waste and biodegradable sludge by means of earthworm humus (eisenia fetida and similar species) and combinations of earthworm humus and stomach material with a high microorganism content - Google Patents

Composting of solid and liquid waste and biodegradable sludge by means of earthworm humus (eisenia fetida and similar species) and combinations of earthworm humus and stomach material with a high microorganism content Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014024034A1
WO2014024034A1 PCT/IB2013/001745 IB2013001745W WO2014024034A1 WO 2014024034 A1 WO2014024034 A1 WO 2014024034A1 IB 2013001745 W IB2013001745 W IB 2013001745W WO 2014024034 A1 WO2014024034 A1 WO 2014024034A1
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Prior art keywords
humus
earthworm
biodegradable
humucompost
waste
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PCT/IB2013/001745
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2014024034A8 (en
Inventor
Alberto Pati CHOQUE
Justo Pastor ZAPATA QUIROZ
Luis Ramiro MEDINA TERRAZAS
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Choque Alberto Pati
Zapata Quiroz Justo Pastor
Medina Terrazas Luis Ramiro
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Application filed by Choque Alberto Pati, Zapata Quiroz Justo Pastor, Medina Terrazas Luis Ramiro filed Critical Choque Alberto Pati
Priority to DE112013003956.7T priority Critical patent/DE112013003956T5/en
Publication of WO2014024034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014024034A1/en
Publication of WO2014024034A8 publication Critical patent/WO2014024034A8/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A01K67/0332—Earthworms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/16—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening using drying or composting beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • biodegradable solid waste is sent to landfills;
  • Biodegradable solid waste suspended in the effluent is treated in primary treatment plants See in Environmental Chemistry: Air and water pollution, Stocker / Seager, Chapter 13, Editorial Blume, Barcelona (1981), a description of water treatment systems residuals, mainly with unit operations of sedimentation and / or filtration and / or degreasing and / or flotation of suspended solids (DAF technique, Dissolved Air Flotat ⁇ on).
  • DAF technique Dissolved Air Flotat ⁇ on
  • Biodegradable liquid / solid waste dissolved in the effluent is generally treated by biological methods in the treatment plants of the companies that provide sewerage services, secondary treatment, using techniques such as percolating filters or activated sludge.
  • landfills In landfills, deposited solids and sludges undergo anaerobic decomposition processes that generate gases such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia among the most abundant. At the same time, they produce leachates that are contaminated with heavy metals and pathogenic elements. Therefore the landfill management is complicated: it is not only necessary to dispose of the waste but also to make the leachate treatment and gas collection and burning systems work properly. In the social aspect, being anaerobic processes, bad odors are generated that cause populations to oppose the operation of sanitary landfills in their communities. In the economic aspect, the management of sanitary landfills is expensive not only during its operation but also after the end of the service, it takes about 30 years the time necessary for its closure ensuring that there is no emission of gases or leachate.
  • biodegradable solid and liquid wastes that are treated by biological methods, generally
  • WO002004073898A1 describes a vermicular process for the bio-remediation of asbestos
  • US6838082B2 patent a process for the bio-remediation of drilling muds in the oil industry, contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons and paraffins
  • ES2340905A1 deals with the use of alperujo vermicompost for the decontamination of soils contaminated with aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH) that are highly toxic and threaten marine flora and fauna.
  • PAH aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons
  • Biodegradable, dissolved / suspended solids or liquids dissolved in industrial effluents (RILES) or liquid industrial waste US020080251021A1 describes an organic waste treatment system using vermicomposta e.
  • the system provides organic waste with thermophilic conditions and obtains a mixture with a predetermined C / N ratio (hay, corn / urine), which is applied in the form of a thin layer on a mobile bed of worms.
  • This bed of worms is maintained on a regimen
  • the present invention presents an organic fertilizer manufacturing process that is divided into three parts.
  • the first part aims to present an initial formulation that accelerates the
  • the second stage consists of stacking and arranging in rows the mixed raw product in a greenhouse, in order to start the
  • the third part consists of the aeration and processing of the product where the raw mixture, placed in rows is turned 8 times per day, with a mini tractor or manually to aerate it.
  • the present invention does not need any additional apparatus to initiate and maintain the aerobic conditions of the process or greenhouses to reach and control the temperature thereof.
  • the present invention does not need any additional apparatus to initiate and maintain the aerobic conditions of the process or greenhouses to reach and control the temperature thereof.
  • earthworm humus is generally used as a soil conditioner in agriculture.
  • the invention consists in the use of earthworm humus to decompose biodegradable waste, mainly from the food and beverage, domestic garbage and excreta industries of humans and animals.
  • Earthworm in the described context preferably comprises earthworms of genus Eisenia.
  • Eisen ⁇ a foctida Preferably Eisen ⁇ a foctida
  • This ruminal or similar content is important for two reasons: a) the high number of microorganisms (for
  • the invention comprises 4 steps: a) the preparation of batteries for humucompost e: the batteries can be made with only earthworm humus from a worm, or with mixtures of earthworm humus and a material with high content of microorganisms such as, For example, him rumen content of cattle (each milliliter of ruminal content contains about 10 to 50 billion bacteria, 1 million protozoa and varying amounts of yeasts and fungi); b) the addition of solid waste to these batteries; c) the addition of liquid waste or sludge to the batteries; d) the disposition of the humucomposted material of the batteries in agricultural properties and / or their reuse in the processing of more biodegradable waste.
  • the batteries can be made with only earthworm humus from a worm, or with mixtures of earthworm humus and a material with high content of microorganisms such as, For example, him rumen content of cattle (each milliliter of ruminal content contains about 10 to 50 billion bacteria,
  • the batteries must have a mass of about 10 tons to prevent sudden changes in temperature inside the batteries due to variations in the ambient temperature; on the other hand, the high porosity of the humus and of materials similar to the ruminal content allow the circulation of the air inside the battery because they are high porosity materials that allow the aerobic degradation of the
  • biodegradable substances efficiently and quickly without the need to perform frequent flips or the provision of compressor air.
  • the proportion Ruminal content / Worm humus can vary from 1 to 1 to 4 to 1.
  • liquid waste from the food and beverage industries for example, sugary waste from the beverage and yogurt / milk industries
  • dairy, slaughterhouse blood, etc. the addition of liquid waste from the food and beverage industries (for example, sugary waste from the beverage and yogurt / milk industries) is made from the dairy, slaughterhouse blood, etc.) industries, in amounts of around 100 to 150 liters of aqueous solutions containing solids such as sugar or milk proteins / fats in the order of 10 to
  • Deposits using the same batteries can be made for 165 days making about 14 deposits in the same place in a particular battery.
  • material of all the batteries for example the material of 7 batteries with 15 tons of ruminal content and erect another 7 batteries with which the biodegradable material can be treated in the manner indicated another 165 days.
  • Table 2 shows results of the analyzes and compares them with those established by the Mexican Noma on humus quality NMX-FF-109-SCFI-2007 . Except for the content of organic matter, the humus and humucompost of Tusequis
  • Table 3 shows the comparison of the Eisenia foetida earthworm and the hybrid according to the invention.
  • Vermicompost Traditional vermiculture used for employee for generation of humus generation of for humucomposta and humus
  • Table 4 shows the comparison of compostations using earthworm, Eisenia fectida and the hybrid according to the invention
  • the process uses humucompost, together with earthworm and earthworm,
  • the first layer consists of earthworm and soil humus, widely varying proportions, for economic reasons a greater proportion of soil is recommended, for example in the In the case of sewage water treatment, a ratio of 30% humus / 70% soil is optimal.
  • the second layer consists of humucompost with worms or earthworm mixture.
  • the height of this layer can be variable, the higher the more effective the biofiltration. In the case of sewage water treatment, a height of 30 cm and a quantity of water is recommended.
  • the process that uses earthworms, humus and / or humucompost to treat, by biofiltration, biodegradable material contained in aqueous effluents from contaminated bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, sewage systems or the like .
  • bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, sewage systems or the like .
  • biodegradable organic debris, insecticides, toxic heavy metals and other contaminants may be contaminated with biodegradable organic debris, insecticides, toxic heavy metals and other contaminants.
  • the process that sows and cultivates plants, for example grass, on the entire surface of the biofilter as a third layer.
  • the amount of layers, according to the specific water treatment can be greater than three.
  • Humucompost can also be used in the aerobic / anaerobic treatment of water with lower contents of
  • the area used was 60 m long (30 m higher with a
  • the served water, 263 g / L of COD, once biofiltered, with 128 g / L of COD is drained from the biofilter and is collected through a waterproof lagoon with a geomembrane.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention consists of a method (humucomposting) for obtaining a product (humucompost) by composting solid and liquid waste and biodegradable sludge using earthworm humus (Eisenia fetida and/or similar species). In practice, the invention comprises four steps: a) preparation of heaps for humucomposting: the heaps may be made using only earthworm humus or with mixtures of earthworm humus and a material with a high microorganism content such as, for example, bovine ruminal contents; b) addition of solid waste to said heaps; c) addition of liquid waste or sludge to the heaps; d) supply of humucomposted material from the heaps to agricultural lands and/or reuse thereof in the processing of further biodegradable waste. Composting takes place in a minimum of 15 days at low temperatures, 0 to 15°C, like those found in the Bolivian Altiplano. It does not require frequent mechanical stirring or aeration systems and it does not give rise to flies or generate bad odours. Therefore, it is an effective method of producing an agricultural soil improver, humucompost, while at the same time reducing pollution of bodies of water, expressed primarily as COD, BOD, P and N, caused by biodegradable waste.

Description

Composta e de residuos sólidos, líquidos y lodos biodegradables mediante humus de lombriz (Elsenia foetlda y especies similares) y mezclas de humus de lombriz y material estomacal con alto contenido de microrganismos  Compost e of biodegradable solid, liquid and sludge residues by earthworm humus (Elsenia foetlda and similar species) and mixtures of earthworm humus and stomach material with a high content of microorganisms
Introducción Introduction
En general: los residuos sólidos biodegradables se envían a los rellenos sanitarios; los residuos sólidos biodegradables suspendidos en el efluente son tratados en plantas de tratamiento primario Ver en Química Ambiental: Contaminación del aire y del agua, Stocker/Seager , Capítulo 13, Editorial Blume , Barcelona (1981), una descripción de sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales., principalmente, con operaciones unitarias de sedimentación y/o filtración y/o desgrasado y/o flotación de sólidos suspendidos (técnica DAF, Dissolved Air Flotatíon) . Los lodos generados mediante estas operaciones son también enviados a los rellenos sanitarios. In general: biodegradable solid waste is sent to landfills; Biodegradable solid waste suspended in the effluent is treated in primary treatment plants See in Environmental Chemistry: Air and water pollution, Stocker / Seager, Chapter 13, Editorial Blume, Barcelona (1981), a description of water treatment systems residuals, mainly with unit operations of sedimentation and / or filtration and / or degreasing and / or flotation of suspended solids (DAF technique, Dissolved Air Flotatíon). The sludge generated by these operations is also sent to the landfills.
Los residuos líquidos /sólidos biodegradables disueltos en el efluente, generalmente, son tratados por métodos biológicos en las plantas de tratamiento de las empresas que proveen servicios de alcantarillado, tratamiento secundario, mediante técnicas como filtros percoladores o lodos activados. Biodegradable liquid / solid waste dissolved in the effluent is generally treated by biological methods in the treatment plants of the companies that provide sewerage services, secondary treatment, using techniques such as percolating filters or activated sludge.
En los rellenos sanitarios, los sólidos y lodos depositados sufren procesos de descomposición anaeróbica que generan gases como metano, sulfuro de hidrógeno y amoníaco entre los más abundantes. A la vez, producen lixiviados que se contaminan con metales pesados y elementos patógenos. Por lo tanto, el manejo del relleno es complicado: no solo es necesario disponer de los residuos sino también hacer que funcionen adecuadamente los sistemas de tratamiento de lixiviados y de captación y quema de gases. En el aspecto social, al tratarse de procesos anaeróbicos, se generan malos olores que hacen que las poblaciones se opongan al funcionamiento de rellenos sanitarios en sus comunidades. En el aspecto económico, el manejo de los rellenos sanitarios es costoso no solo durante su funcionamiento sino también después de concluido el servicio, toma alrededor de 30 años el tiempo necesario para su cierre asegurando que no haya emisión ni de gases ni de lixiviados . In landfills, deposited solids and sludges undergo anaerobic decomposition processes that generate gases such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia among the most abundant. At the same time, they produce leachates that are contaminated with heavy metals and pathogenic elements. Therefore the landfill management is complicated: it is not only necessary to dispose of the waste but also to make the leachate treatment and gas collection and burning systems work properly. In the social aspect, being anaerobic processes, bad odors are generated that cause populations to oppose the operation of sanitary landfills in their communities. In the economic aspect, the management of sanitary landfills is expensive not only during its operation but also after the end of the service, it takes about 30 years the time necessary for its closure ensuring that there is no emission of gases or leachate.
Por otro lado, los residuos líquidos y sólidos biodegradables que son tratados por métodos biológicos, generalmente On the other hand, biodegradable solid and liquid wastes that are treated by biological methods, generally
requieren de personal técnico que solo puede ser solventado en plantas de tratamiento relativamente grandes; también, principalmente por la menor temperatura y la altura, en lugares como el altiplano boliviano, estas técnicas no funcionan adecuadamente. La baja temperatura reduce la actividad microbiológica y la baja presión atmosférica reduce la solubilidad de oxígeno en el medio acuoso que es they require technical personnel that can only be solved in relatively large treatment plants; Also, mainly due to the lower temperature and height, in places like the Bolivian highlands, these techniques do not work properly. The low temperature reduces the microbiological activity and the low atmospheric pressure reduces the solubility of oxygen in the aqueous medium which is
fundamental para los procesos aeróbicos de biodegradación. Además generan lodos de difícil disposición. fundamental for aerobic biodegradation processes. They also generate sludge that is difficult to dispose of.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
En los últimos años se han desarrollado tratamientos In recent years treatments have been developed
biológicos basados en el empleo de humus de lombriz para la remediación de materiales contaminados con residuos biological based on the use of earthworm humus for the remediation of materials contaminated with waste
peligrosos. Así, la patente WO002004073898A1 describe un proceso vermicular para la bio-remediación de asbestos, la patente US6838082B2 un proceso para la bio-remediación de lodos de perforación en la industria petrolera, contaminados con hidrocarburos aromáticos y parafinas y la patente dangerous. Thus, WO002004073898A1 describes a vermicular process for the bio-remediation of asbestos, the US6838082B2 patent a process for the bio-remediation of drilling muds in the oil industry, contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons and paraffins and the patent
ES2340905A1 se ocupa del uso de vermicompost de alperujo para la descontaminación de suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos policiclicos aromáticos (PAH) que son altamente tóxicos y amenazan a la flora y fauna marina.  ES2340905A1 deals with the use of alperujo vermicompost for the decontamination of soils contaminated with aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH) that are highly toxic and threaten marine flora and fauna.
Estos ejemplos ilustran sobre la gran flexibilidad y These examples illustrate the great flexibility and
versatilidad de los procesos de descontaminación basados en el humus de lombriz. Pasando a tratamientos de residuos liquidos/sólidos versatility of decontamination processes based on earthworm humus. Moving to liquid / solid waste treatments
biodegradables , sólidos disueltos/suspendidos o líquidos disueltos en los efluentes industriales (RILES) o residuos industriales líquidos, la patente US020080251021A1 describe un sistema de tratamiento de residuos orgánicos utilizando vermicomposta e . El sistema provee a los residuos orgánicos condiciones termofílicas y obtiene una mezcla con una relación C/N (heno, maíz/orina) predeterminada, la cual es aplicada en forma de una capa delgada sobre una cama móvil de lombrices . Biodegradable, dissolved / suspended solids or liquids dissolved in industrial effluents (RILES) or liquid industrial waste, US020080251021A1 describes an organic waste treatment system using vermicomposta e. The system provides organic waste with thermophilic conditions and obtains a mixture with a predetermined C / N ratio (hay, corn / urine), which is applied in the form of a thin layer on a mobile bed of worms.
Esta cama de lombrices es mantenida en un régimen This bed of worms is maintained on a regimen
dominantemente mesofílico y el vermicompost es separado selectivamente por la parte inferior de la cama en forma continua. El resultado es un sistema muy eficiente para la producción continua de humus de lombriz, pero se requiere una infraestructura de aparatos especializados (contenedores, separadores, mezcladoras, digestor móvil, sistema de predominantly mesophilic and the vermicompost is selectively separated by the bottom of the bed continuously. The result is a very efficient system for the continuous production of earthworm humus, but an infrastructure of specialized devices is required (containers, separators, mixers, mobile digester, system of
aireación, sistema de suministro de agua) . Las inversiones para la compra de esta infraestructura son elevadas y en muchos casos prohibitivas para realización de proyectos a escala industrial. La mayor parte de las patentes reportadas en los últimos años Patente Rusa Nr. RU2115639, Patente Rusa Nr. RU2115640, Patente Rusa Nr. RU2103868, Patente Americana Nr. US20090191613A1, Patente Americana Nr . US20030207443A1 tienen en común, con el ejemplo arriba mencionado, que para crear condiciones aeróbicas en la producción de humus de lombriz o para su realización industrial, están obligados a introducir aparatos de mayor o menor complejidad, aumentando de esta manera las inversiones para la realización de los proyectos. aeration, water supply system). The investments for the purchase of this infrastructure are high and in many cases prohibitive for the realization of projects on an industrial scale. Most of the patents reported in recent years Russian Patent No. RU2115639, Russian Patent No. RU2115640, Russian Patent No. RU2103868, American Patent No. US20090191613A1, American Patent No. US20030207443A1 have in common, with the example mentioned above, that in order to create aerobic conditions in the production of earthworm humus or for their industrial realization, they are required to introduce devices of greater or lesser complexity, thus increasing the investments for the realization of the projects.
La patente costarricense CR7465A ("Catálisis y estabilización de los procesos de compostaje de desechos sólidos mediante la incorporación de humus de lombriz") es la que más The Costa Rican patent CR7465A ("Catalysis and stabilization of solid waste composting processes by incorporating earthworm humus") is the most
específicamente se relaciona a la presente invención. Presenta un procedimiento de fabricación de abono orgánico que está dividido en tres partes. La primera parte tiene como objetivo el de presentar una formulación inicial que acelere el specifically relates to the present invention. It presents an organic fertilizer manufacturing process that is divided into three parts. The first part aims to present an initial formulation that accelerates the
arranque del proceso de compostaje y está constituida por la mezcla cruda de la materia prima. La segunda etapa consiste en el Apilamiento y acomodo en hileras del producto mezclado crudo en un invernadero, con el fin de que se inicie el start of the composting process and consists of the raw mixture of the raw material. The second stage consists of stacking and arranging in rows the mixed raw product in a greenhouse, in order to start the
proceso de descomposición aeróbica. La tercera parte consiste en la aeración y procesamiento del producto en donde la mezcla cruda, colocada en hileras se voltea 8 veces por día, con un mini tractor o en forma manual para airearla. aerobic decomposition process. The third part consists of the aeration and processing of the product where the raw mixture, placed in rows is turned 8 times per day, with a mini tractor or manually to aerate it.
Si bien el proceso es sencillo y no requiere de aparatos sofisticados, necesita de un invernadero para alcanzar y controlar la temperatura para iniciar el proceso de Although the process is simple and does not require sophisticated devices, it needs a greenhouse to reach and control the temperature to start the process of
descomposición aeróbica. Además, para mantener las condiciones aeróbicas en el proceso, las hileras deben ser volteadas 8 veces al día con un mini tractor o manualmente. Contrariamente a los exigentes requerimientos mecánicos en la patente anterior, la presente invención no necesita ningún aparato adicional para iniciar y mantener las condiciones aeróbicas del proceso ni de invernaderos para alcanzar y controlar la temperatura del mismo. En general, si bien existen muchos tratamientos biológicos de residuos aerobic decomposition In addition, to maintain aerobic conditions in the process, the rows must be turned 8 times a day with a mini tractor or manually. Contrary to the demanding mechanical requirements in the previous patent, the present invention does not need any additional apparatus to initiate and maintain the aerobic conditions of the process or greenhouses to reach and control the temperature thereof. In general, although there are many biological waste treatments
biodegradables de los efluentes de las industrias, no se tiene antecedentes del empleo de humus de lombriz para efectuar el tratamiento de residuos biodegradables tanto sólidos como sólidos disueltos/suspendidos o líquidos disueltos en los efluentes industriales (RILES o residuos industriales biodegradable of the effluents of the industries, there is no history of the use of earthworm humus to carry out the treatment of biodegradable residues both solid and dissolved / suspended solids or liquids dissolved in industrial effluents (RILES or industrial waste
líquidos) ; el humus de lombriz, generalmente, se emplea como acondicionador de suelos en la agricultura. liquids); earthworm humus is generally used as a soil conditioner in agriculture.
Por otro lado, en el contexto descrito, el uso de contenido ruminal, o material estomacal similar, como tal o en On the other hand, in the context described, the use of ruminal content, or similar stomach material, as such or in
combinación con humus de lombriz, para descomponer residuos biodegradables principalmente, de las industrias de bebidas y alimentos, basura doméstica y/o excretas de humanos y combination with earthworm humus, to decompose mainly biodegradable waste, from the food and beverage, household and / or human excreta industries and
animales, no tiene antecedentes en bibliografía especializada ni de patentes. animals, has no background in specialized literature or patents.
Descripción detallada de la invención. Detailed description of the invention.
La invención consiste en el empleo de humus de lombriz para descomponer residuos biodegradables, principalmente, de las industrias de bebidas y alimentos, basura doméstica y excretas de humanos y animales. The invention consists in the use of earthworm humus to decompose biodegradable waste, mainly from the food and beverage, domestic garbage and excreta industries of humans and animals.
Lombriz en el contexto descrito comprende preferentemente las lombrizes de genus Eisenia. Preferentemente Eisenía foctidaEarthworm in the described context preferably comprises earthworms of genus Eisenia. Preferably Eisenía foctida
(cogueta roja) y Eisenia andrei (lombriz roja de california) y muy preferentemente una variante híbrida de lombriz (red cogueta) and Eisenia andrei (California redworm) and most preferably a hybrid worm variant
(altiplánica criolla boliviana y californiana . El proceso utiliza mezclas de humus / material estomacal como contenido ruminal de animales especialmente rumiantes, como, por ejemplo, ganado vacuno, para estructurar pilas de compostaje. (Bolivian and Californian Creole high plateau. The process it uses mixtures of humus / stomach material as ruminal content of especially ruminant animals, such as cattle, to structure composting piles.
Este contenido ruminal o similar es importante por dos razones: a) el elevado número de microorganismos (por This ruminal or similar content is important for two reasons: a) the high number of microorganisms (for
mililitro, cerca de 10 a 50 mil millones de bacterias, 1 millón de protozoos y cantidades variables de levaduras y de hongos) acelera la descomposición de manera significativa (alrededor de 2 semanas en clima frió) comparado a los tiempos de compostaje tradicional (3-6 meses en climas cálidos); b) la alta porosidad del humus, alrededor de 66% y del contenido ruminal debida a su contenido de fibra, en el orden de 20 a 35%, proporciona las condiciones aeróbicas al proceso para que se desarrolle sin necesidad de aparatos adicionales de aireación ni de mezcla (volteo) y sin producción de malos olores . milliliter, about 10 to 50 billion bacteria, 1 million protozoa and varying amounts of yeasts and fungi) accelerates decomposition significantly (about 2 weeks in cold weather) compared to traditional composting times (3- 6 months in hot climates); b) the high porosity of the humus, around 66% and of the ruminal content due to its fiber content, in the order of 20 to 35%, provides the aerobic conditions to the process so that it develops without the need for additional aeration devices or mixing (flipping) and no bad smell production.
"Propiedades físicas de sustratos, base de los sistemas agrícolas urbanos", Rosa Orellana Gallego et. al., Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical"Physical properties of substrates, base of urban agricultural systems", Rosa Orellana Gallego et. al., Institute of Fundamental Research in Tropical Agriculture
( INIFAT) , La Habana, Cuba CP 17200, "Utilización de contenido ruminal fresco sustituyendo al rastrojo de maíz en la (INIFAT), Havana, Cuba CP 17200, "Use of fresh ruminal content replacing the corn stubble in the
alimentación de vaquillas de finalización", Universidad feeding of finishing heifers ", University
Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarimbaro, Michoacán (2007) Michoacana of San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarimbaro, Michoacán (2007)
En lo operativo la invención comprende 4 pasos: a) la preparación de pilas para humucompostaj e : las pilas pueden hacerse con sólo humus de lombriz proveniente de un lombriario, o con mezclas de humus de lombriz y un material con alto contenido de microorganismos como, por ejemplo, el contenido ruminal de vacunos (cada mililitro de contenido ruminal contiene cerca de 10 a 50 mil millones de bacterias, 1 millón de protozoos y cantidades variables de levaduras y de hongos) ; b) la adición de residuos sólidos a estas pilas; c) la adición de residuos en estado liquido o lodos a las pilas ; d) la disposición del material humucompostado de las pilas en predios agrícolas y/o su reutilización en el procesamiento de más residuos biodegradables . Operationally, the invention comprises 4 steps: a) the preparation of batteries for humucompost e: the batteries can be made with only earthworm humus from a worm, or with mixtures of earthworm humus and a material with high content of microorganisms such as, For example, him rumen content of cattle (each milliliter of ruminal content contains about 10 to 50 billion bacteria, 1 million protozoa and varying amounts of yeasts and fungi); b) the addition of solid waste to these batteries; c) the addition of liquid waste or sludge to the batteries; d) the disposition of the humucomposted material of the batteries in agricultural properties and / or their reuse in the processing of more biodegradable waste.
Las pilas deben tener una masa de alrededor de 10 toneladas para prevenir los cambios bruscos de temperatura al interior de las pilas por variaciones en la temperatura ambiente; por otro lado, la elevada porosidad del humus y de materiales semejantes al contenido ruminal permiten la circulación del aire al interior de la pila por ser materiales de alta porosidad que permiten la degradación aeróbica de las  The batteries must have a mass of about 10 tons to prevent sudden changes in temperature inside the batteries due to variations in the ambient temperature; on the other hand, the high porosity of the humus and of materials similar to the ruminal content allow the circulation of the air inside the battery because they are high porosity materials that allow the aerobic degradation of the
sustancias biodegradables de manera eficiente y rápida sin la necesidad de realizar frecuentes volteos o la provisión de aire medíante compresoras. biodegradable substances efficiently and quickly without the need to perform frequent flips or the provision of compressor air.
En las pilas, la proporción Contenido ruminal/Humus de lombriz puede variar de 1 a 1 hasta 4 a 1. Cuanto mayor la proporción de humus, mejor será el desempeño de la pila pero, por otro lado, por ser el humus mucho más caro que el contenido ruminal, debe hallarse un compromiso entre cantidad y calidad del material en las pilas. En este sentido, en la práctica se ha determinado que una relación de 3 a 1 es un buen In the batteries, the proportion Ruminal content / Worm humus can vary from 1 to 1 to 4 to 1. The higher the proportion of humus, the better the performance of the battery but, on the other hand, because the humus is much more expensive that the ruminal content, a compromise must be found between quantity and quality of the material in the batteries. In this sense, in practice it has been determined that a 3 to 1 ratio is a good
compromiso . La adición de residuos sólidos que provengan de las industrias de bebidas y alimentos (por ejemplo .carnes frías y salchichas vencidas; grasas separadas en cámaras desgrasadoras, colágeno proveniente de caldos de cocimiento, etc) , se efectúa en cantidades de alrededor de 100 a 150 kg, en cada pila de alrededor de 9 toneladas de masa, durante 6 días a la semana. commitment The addition of solid waste that comes from the food and beverage industries (for example, cold meats and expired sausages; separated fats in degreasing chambers, collagen from cooking broths, etc.), is carried out in amounts of around 100 to 150 kg, in each pile of about 9 tons of dough, for 6 days a week.
En cada pila de alrededor de 9 toneladas de masa, durante 6 días a la semana, se efectúa la adición de residuos líquidos que provengan de las industrias de bebidas y alimentos (por ejemplo, residuos azucarados de las industrias de bebidas y de yogurt/leche provenientes de las industrias de lácteos, sangre de mataderos, etc) , en cantidades de alrededor de 100 a 150 litros de soluciones acuosas con contenidos de sólidos como azúcar o proteínas/grasas de leche en el orden de 10 a In each pile of about 9 tons of dough, for 6 days a week, the addition of liquid waste from the food and beverage industries (for example, sugary waste from the beverage and yogurt / milk industries) is made from the dairy, slaughterhouse blood, etc.) industries, in amounts of around 100 to 150 liters of aqueous solutions containing solids such as sugar or milk proteins / fats in the order of 10 to
Pese a trabajarse con líquidos azucarados por ejemplo, es notoria la ausencia de moscas y de generación de malos olores en las pilas para humucomposta e , lo que es una de las ventajas más importantes de la invención. In spite of working with sugary liquids for example, the absence of flies and the generation of bad odors in the humucompost e batteries is notable, which is one of the most important advantages of the invention.
Después de haber efectuado el sexto depósito de material biodegradable líquido o sólido en una pila dada, se debe esperar por lo menos 7 días más para volver a efectuar depósitos en la misma pila. After you have made the sixth deposit of liquid or solid biodegradable material in a given battery, you must wait at least 7 more days to make deposits in the same battery again.
Los depósitos empleando las mismas pilas pueden efectuarse durante 165 días realizando alrededor de 14 depósitos en el mismo lugar en una pila en particular. Deposits using the same batteries can be made for 165 days making about 14 deposits in the same place in a particular battery.
Después de 165 días se puede proceder a una mezcla del After 165 days you can proceed to a mixture of
material de todas las pilas, por ejemplo el material de 7 pilas con 15 toneladas de contenido ruminal y erigir otras 7 pilas con las cuales se puede tratar el material biodegradable de la manera señalada otros 165 días. material of all the batteries, for example the material of 7 batteries with 15 tons of ruminal content and erect another 7 batteries with which the biodegradable material can be treated in the manner indicated another 165 days.
Alternativamente, después de un mínimo de 2 semanas sin efectuar adiciones de material biodegradable, se tiene el humuconpost que puede ser llevado a tierras agrícolas para su empleo como mejorador de suelos. En general, sí bien la técnica de compostaje es bastante conocida, no es posible obtener compost en climas frígidos como el del altiplano en periodos tan cortos de tiempo. Además de requerir climas, por lo menos templados, y tiempos de por lo menos tres meses, el compostaje tradicional requiere el continuo volteo de las pilas, lo que implica un gasto significativo en mano de obra y combustible para las máquinas empleadas para este objeto. En muchos casos, cuando se tiene material relativamente fino para compostar, es necesario insuflar aire en el. interior de las pilas para hacer que el compostaje, que es un proceso Alternatively, after a minimum of 2 weeks without adding biodegradable material, you have the humuconpost that can be taken to agricultural land for use as a soil improver. In general, although the composting technique is well known, it is not possible to obtain compost in frigid climates such as that of the highlands in such short periods of time. In addition to requiring climates, at least mild, and times of at least three months, traditional composting requires the continuous turning of the batteries, which implies a significant expense in labor and fuel for the machines used for this purpose. In many cases, when you have relatively fine material for composting, it is necessary to blow air into it. inside the batteries to make the composting, which is a process
aeróbico, ocurra. Esto significa inversiones relativamente significativas en los sistemas de tuberías para airear al interior de las pilas y gastos de combustible para operar las compresoras requeridas. Aerobic, happen. This means relatively significant investments in the piping systems to aerate inside the batteries and fuel costs to operate the required compressors.
En lo cuantitativo, en un periodo de 9 meses, de junio 2011 a marzo de 2012, se habían procesado, con alrededor de 10 toneladas de humus, en 8 pilas para humucomposta e : ~45 toneladas de contenido ruminal, -17.5 toneladas de residuos industriales líquidos y ~17.7 toneladas de sólidos biodegradables . Quantitatively, in a period of 9 months, from June 2011 to March 2012, they had been processed, with about 10 tons of humus, in 8 batteries for humucomposta and: ~ 45 tons of ruminal content, -17.5 tons of waste industrial liquids and ~ 17.7 tons of biodegradable solids.
En lo cualitativo, es de esperarse que el humucompost, proveniente de las pilas de humucompostaj e , tenga niveles mínimos de metales pesados, por -provenir de residuos de los sectores de bebidas y alimentos, que tienen estrictos controles de calidad de la materia prima por estar destinados sus productos a la alimentación humana. Demuestran este potencial, los resultados de los primeros análisis, realizados en muestras de humucompost que se muestran en el Cuadro 1. Estos resultados, comparados a los establecidos por la norma chilena 2880, muestran que el humucompost producido seria de clase A. In qualitative terms, it is expected that the humucompost, coming from the batteries of humucompostaj, has minimum levels of heavy metals, due to - coming from residues of the food and beverage sectors, which have strict Quality controls of the raw material because its products are intended for human consumption. They demonstrate this potential, the results of the first analyzes, performed on humucompost samples shown in Table 1. These results, compared to those established by Chilean standard 2880, show that the humucompost produced would be class A.
Cuadro 1 Comparación de resultados de análisis de metales en humucompost con los de la Norma Chilena 2880 Table 1 Comparison of results of analysis of metals in humucompost with those of Chilean Standard 2880
Humucom- Norma Humucom- Norma
post Pilas Chilena 2880  post Chilean batteries 2880
[mg/kg] (2)  [mg / kg] (2)
(1) Clase Clase  (1) Class Class
A B  A b
Arsénico 5.4 15 20 Total  Arsenic 5.4 15 20 Total
Cadmio To1.1 2 8 tal  Cadmium To1.1 2 8 tal
Cobre To22 100 1000 tal  Copper To22 100 1000 tal
Cobalto Total  Total Cobalt
Cromo Total < 0.11 120 600  Total Chrome <0.11 120 600
Manganeso 423 Manganese 423
Total  Total
Mercurio nd 1 4 Total  Mercury nd 1 4 Total
Níquel Tond 20 80 tal  Nickel Tond 20 80 tal
Plomo Total 24 100 300 Total lead 24 100 300
Hierro To- 21239 · tal Iron To- 21239 such
Zinc Total 115 200 2000  Zinc Total 115 200 2000
Resultados de análisis provenientes de: Informe MO 11/12 de 10 de abril de 2012 del LCA/UMSA. Norma Chilena 2880 sobre máximos permitidos de metales pesados en compost (2004). Analysis results from: MO Report 11/12 of April 10, 2012 of the LCA / UMSA. Chilean Standard 2880 on maximum permitted heavy metals in compost (2004).
En cuanto a especificaciones fisicoquímicas que tienen que ver con el empleo del humucompost en aplicaciones agrícolas, el Cuadro 2 muestra resultados de los análisis y se los compara con los establecidos por la Noma Mejicana sobre calidad de humus NMX-FF-109-SCFI-2007. Excepto por el contenido de materia orgánica, el humus y humucompost de Tusequis Regarding physicochemical specifications that have to do with the use of humucompost in agricultural applications, Table 2 shows results of the analyzes and compares them with those established by the Mexican Noma on humus quality NMX-FF-109-SCFI-2007 . Except for the content of organic matter, the humus and humucompost of Tusequis
satisfacen todos los parámetros establecidos en la norma. They satisfy all the parameters established in the standard.
Cuadro 2 Comparación de resultados de análisis de humucompost con losde la norma mejicana NMX-FF-109-SCFI-2007 Table 2 Comparison of humucompost analysis results with those of the Mexican standard NMX-FF-109-SCFI-2007
HumucompostHumucompost
Norma Rule
Pilas  Batteries
Parámetros NMX-FF- Tusequis  NMX-FF- Tusequis parameters
Fisicoquimicos 109-SCFI- (1)  Physicochemicals 109-SCFI- (1)
2007 pH acuoso 6.5 a 8.8 8.0  2007 aqueous pH 6.5 to 8.8 8.0
Conductividad eléctrica  Electric conductivity
< 2000 1990  <2000 1990
[uS/cm]  [uS / cm]
Carbón orgánico [%] No 7.0  Organic coal [%] No 7.0
especifica  specifies
Materia orgánica [%] 20 a 50 12  Organic matter [%] 20 to 50 12
Humedad gravimétrica [%] 30 a 60 40 Nitrógeno Total [%] 1 a 4 1.1 Gravimetric humidity [%] 30 to 60 40 Total Nitrogen [%] 1 to 4 1.1
Fósforo disponible No 486  Phosphorus available No 486
[ppm] especifica  [ppm] specifies
Sodio intercambiable No 26  Exchangeable sodium No. 26
[cmol/kg] especifica  [cmol / kg] specifies
Potasio intercambiable No 10  Exchangeable Potassium No. 10
[cmol/kg] especifica  [cmol / kg] specifies
Calcio intercambiable No 13  Exchangeable Calcium No. 13
[cmol/kg] especifica  [cmol / kg] specifies
Magnesio inercambiable No 5.3  Unattainable Magnesium No 5.3
[cmol/kg] especifica  [cmol / kg] specifies
Acidez intercambiable No 0.19  Exchangeable acidity No 0.19
[ cmol/kg] especifica  [cmol / kg] specifies
Capacidad de intercambio > 40 55 catiónico [cmol/kg]  Exchange capacity> 40 55 cationic [cmol / kg]
Densidad aparente sobre 0.40 a 0.7 (4) materia seca [g/mL] 0.90  Bulk density over 0.40 to 0.7 (4) dry matter [g / mL] 0.90
Resultados de análisis provenientes de: Informe MO 11/12 de 10 de abril de 2012 del LCA/UMSA. Analysis results from: MO Report 11/12 of April 10, 2012 of the LCA / UMSA.
El Cuadro 3 muestra la comparación de la lombriz Eisenia foetida y la híbrida según la invención Table 3 shows the comparison of the Eisenia foetida earthworm and the hybrid according to the invention.
Lombricultura Lombricultura tradicional empleada para empleada para generación de humus generación de para humucomposta e humus Vermicompost Traditional vermiculture used for employee for generation of humus generation of for humucomposta and humus
Lombriz Californiana Híbrida (california- Californian Hybrid Earthworm (california-
(Eisenia na/nativa altiplano foetida) La Paz-Bolivia) (Eisenia na / native foetida highlands) La Paz-Bolivia)
Alimento de Principalmente Todo tipo de residuo lombriz estiércol de gaorgánico biodegrada- nado, frutas seble Mainly Food All types of biodegradable Gameric manure worm residue, seble fruits
leccionadas  lected
Composta e previo Requiere No requiere  Compost and previous Requires Not required
del alimento of food
Habitat Ambientes' Al aire libre, Habitat Environments ' Outdoor,
controlados, en en lugares fríos lugares fríos como el altiplano de como el Bolivia  controlled, in cold places cold places like the high plateau of like Bolivia
altiplano de Bo- livia  Bolivia high plateau
Temperatura de Alrededor de 15 Promedios anuales de trabaj o °C promedio temperatura (El Alto,  Temperature of about 15 annual work averages or ° C average temperature (El Alto,
Bolivia) :  Bolivia):
6,8 °C (temperaturas medias)  6.8 ° C (average temperatures)
13.7 °C (temperaturas altas)  13.7 ° C (high temperatures)
0.7 °C (temperaturas bajas) Cuadro 4 muestra la comparación de los compostajes mediante lombriz, Eisenia fectida y la híbrida según la invención 0.7 ° C (low temperatures) Table 4 shows the comparison of compostations using earthworm, Eisenia fectida and the hybrid according to the invention
Compos aje Compostaje según tradicional la invención Composition Composting according to the invention
Lombriz Californiana Híbrida (california- (Exsenla na/natíva altiplano foetida) La Paz-Bolivia)  Californian Hybrid Earthworm (california- (Exsenla na / natíva altiplano foetida) La Paz-Bolivia)
Tiempo de 3 a 6 meses en Time of 3 to 6 months in
composta e clima tropical (20 compost and tropical climate (20
requerido para a 35 °C) Alrededor de 15 días emplearse en 6-8 meses en clima en clima frío, temlabores agrícolas templado (15 a 20 plado y tropical (- °C) 5 a 40 °C) required for at 35 ° C) Around 15 days be used in 6-8 months in cold weather, temperate agricultural temlabores (15 to 20 plado and tropical (- ° C) 5 to 40 ° C)
8 a 12 meses en  8 to 12 months in
clima frío (-5 a  cold weather (-5 to
15 °C)  15 ° C)
Control del pH Es necesario añaEl pH se autocontro- dir ácidos o bases la mediante el humus para neutralizar de lombriz PH control It is necessary to add pH to self-control acids or bases by humus to neutralize earthworm
substratos básicos  basic substrates
o ácidos  or acids
Volteo con equipos Requiere No requiere  Turning with equipment Requires Not required
mecánicos mechanics
Insuflación de Requiere algunas No requiere  Insufflation of Requires some Does not require
aire veces air times
Presencia de Hay No hay  Presence of Hay There is no
moscas flies
Emisión de malos Hay No hay  Emission of bad guys There is no
olores smells
Generación de Hay No hay lixiviados Hay generation There is no leachate
Generación de Casi permanente Esporádico  Generation of almost permanent sporadic
ruido noise
Incremento en No se determinó 260% en quínua* producción 300% en papa*  Increase in Not determined 260% in quinoa * production 300% in potato *
agrícola en una agricultural in a
dosificación de dosage of
alrededor de 3 around 3
tm/Ha tm / Ha
Volteo con equipos Requiere No requiere  Turning with equipment Requires Not required
mecánicos mechanics
Insuflación de Requiere algunas No requiere  Insufflation of Requires some Does not require
aire veces air times
Presencia de Hay No hay  Presence of Hay There is no
moscas flies
Emisión de malos Hay No hay  Emission of bad guys There is no
olores smells
Generación de Hay No hay  Hay generation There is no
lixiviados leachate
Generación de Casi permanente Esporádico  Generation of almost permanent sporadic
ruido noise
* Tesis de licenciatura de agronomía en la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés de: Juan Paco Huallpa (quínua, 2011); Angélica Uruchi Cahuaya (papa, 2013) .  * Thesis of agronomy degree at the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés de: Juan Paco Huallpa (quínua, 2011); Angelica Uruchi Cahuaya (Pope, 2013).
Según un otro operativo de la invención, el proceso utiliza humucompost, junto con humas de lombriz y lombrices, According to another operation of the invention, the process uses humucompost, together with earthworm and earthworm,
distribuido en el suelo, preferentemente de un predio forestado. Esta distribución se alcanza por medio de capas a una cierta profundidad, por ejemplo 30 cm (capa arable) . La primera capa está constituida de humus de lombriz y suelo proporciones ampliamente variables, por razones económicas es recomendable una mayor proporción de suelo, por ejemplo en el caso del tratamiento de aguas de alcantarillado, una relación una relación de 30% humus/70% de suelo es óptima. distributed in the soil, preferably of a forested property. This distribution is achieved by means of layers at a certain depth, for example 30 cm (arable layer). The first layer consists of earthworm and soil humus, widely varying proportions, for economic reasons a greater proportion of soil is recommended, for example in the In the case of sewage water treatment, a ratio of 30% humus / 70% soil is optimal.
La segunda capa está constituida por humucompost con lombrices o mezcla de lombrices. La altura de esta capa puede ser variable, cuanta más alta más efectiva es la biofiltración . En el caso el del tratamiento de aguas de alcantarillado es recomendable una altura de 30 cm y una cantidad de The second layer consists of humucompost with worms or earthworm mixture. The height of this layer can be variable, the higher the more effective the biofiltration. In the case of sewage water treatment, a height of 30 cm and a quantity of water is recommended.
humuscompost con lombrices adultas de 100/ m2" humuscompost with 100 / m 2 "adult worms
Según un otro operativo de la invención, el proceso que utiliza lombrices, humus y/o humucompost para tratar, mediante biofiltración, material biodegradable contenido en efluentes acuosos provenientes de cuerpos de agua contaminados, como por ejemplo lagos, ríos, sistemas de alcantarillado o similares. Estos cuerpos de agua pueden estar contaminados con restos orgánicos biodegrables , insecticidas, metales pesados tóxicos y otros contaminantes. According to another operation of the invention, the process that uses earthworms, humus and / or humucompost to treat, by biofiltration, biodegradable material contained in aqueous effluents from contaminated bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, sewage systems or the like . These bodies of water may be contaminated with biodegradable organic debris, insecticides, toxic heavy metals and other contaminants.
Según un otro operativo de la invención, el proceso que siembra y cultiva plantas, por ejemplo césped, en toda la superficie del biofiltro, como una tercera capa. La cantidad de capas, de acuerdo al tratamiento de aguas especifico puede ser mayor a tres. According to another operation of the invention, the process that sows and cultivates plants, for example grass, on the entire surface of the biofilter, as a third layer. The amount of layers, according to the specific water treatment can be greater than three.
El humucompost también puede emplearse en el tratamiento aeróbico/anaeróbico de aguas con menores contenidos de Humucompost can also be used in the aerobic / anaerobic treatment of water with lower contents of
contaminantes como las provenientes de sistemas de pollutants such as those from
alcantarillado, DQO en el orden de 100 - 500 g/L de DQO. El humucompost, junto con humus de lombriz y lombrices, sewer, COD in the order of 100 - 500 g / L of COD. The humucompost, along with earthworm and earthworm humus,
distribuido en el suelo de un predio forestado funciona como un biofiltro de material contaminante biodegradable. El área empleada fue de 60 m de largo (30 m superiores con una distributed in the soil of a forested property it works as a biofilter of biodegradable pollutant material. The area used was 60 m long (30 m higher with a
pendiente de 5% y los restantes 30 m con una pendiente de 1 %) por 40 m de ancho. En toda el área se. removió y mezcló la capa arable, alrededor de 30 cm de profundidad, con humus de lombriz en una proporción 30% humus/70% de suelo. A esta capa se añadió otra capa de 30 cm de humucompost con lombrices en una- cantidad de 100 lombrices adultas/m2. Luego se cubre toda el área con una capa de suelo de 3 cm y se siembra plantas por ejemplo el césped. El siquiente paso es bombear el agua a tratarse a la parte superior del biofiltro e inundar toda la superficie. Después de un tiempo de 2 dias se abre la válvula en la parte inferior del filtro y se realiza la filtración. La recuperación del agua alcanzó el 50% y el otro 50% queda ab- sorbida en el biofiltro. Este Proceso que durante más tiempo o replicado por más veces puede permitir obtenerse agua apta para riego y /o para consumo animal. slope of 5% and the remaining 30 m with a slope of 1%) by 40 m wide. In the whole area it. stirred and mixed the layer Arable, about 30 cm deep, with earthworm humus in a proportion 30% humus / 70% soil. To this layer was added another 30 cm layer of humucompost with worms in an amount of 100 adult worms / m 2 . Then the entire area is covered with a 3 cm layer of soil and plants are planted for example the lawn. The next step is to pump the treated water to the top of the biofilter and flood the entire surface. After a period of 2 days the valve is opened at the bottom of the filter and filtration is performed. Water recovery reached 50% and the other 50% is absorbed in the biofilter. This process that for longer or replicated for more times can allow obtaining water suitable for irrigation and / or for animal consumption.
El agua servida, 263 g/L de DQO, una vez biofiltrada, con 128 g/L de DQO es desaguada del biofiltro y es colectada mediante una laguna impermeabilizada con una geomembrana. The served water, 263 g / L of COD, once biofiltered, with 128 g / L of COD is drained from the biofilter and is collected through a waterproof lagoon with a geomembrane.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
Un proceso que utiliza el humus de lombriz para A process that uses earthworm humus to
biodegradar en pilas material biodegradable proveniente de las industrias, bebidas, alimentos y otros. biodegrade batteries biodegradable material from industries, beverages, food and others.
Un proceso de acuerdo a las reivindicación 1 que utiliza el humus de una variante híbrida de lombriz (altiplánica criolla boliviana y californiana) , A process according to claim 1 using the humus of a hybrid worm variant (Bolivian and California Creole altiplanic),
Un proceso de acuerdo a la reivindicación 2 que el humus inicia y mantiene el proceso de descomposición orgánica en el rango de temperaturas de alrededor de -5 hasta 40 grados centígrados. A process according to claim 2 that the humus initiates and maintains the organic decomposition process in the temperature range of about -5 to 40 degrees Celsius.
Un proceso de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1-3 que utiliza mezclas de humus /material estomacal como contenido ruminal de animales, especialmente rumiantes, como, por ejemplo, ganado vacuno, para estructurar pilas de A process according to claims 1-3 using mixtures of humus / stomach material as ruminal content of animals, especially ruminants, such as cattle, for structuring piles of
compostaj e . compostaj e.
Un proceso, de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1-4, que produce un humucompost que según las normas A process, according to claims 1-4, which produces a humucompost that according to the standards
internacionales, es apropiado para el uso en la international, it is appropriate for use in the
agricultura y para mitigar la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua, expresada, principalmente como DQO, DBO, P y N, generada por los residuos biodegradables . agriculture and to mitigate the contamination of water bodies, expressed, mainly as COD, BOD, P and N, generated by biodegradable waste.
Un proceso, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1-5, que utiliza humus o mezclas de humus /contenido ruminal o material similar para tratar otros tipos de material biodegradable además del de origen industrial, como ser basura doméstica, excretas humanas o de otros animales, etc . A process according to claims 1-5, which uses humus or mixtures of humus / ruminal content or similar material to treat other types of material biodegradable in addition to industrial origin, such as household waste, human or other animal excreta, etc.
Un proceso, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1-6, que utiliza lombrices, humus y/o humucompost para tratar, mediante biofiltración, material biodegradable contení en efluentes acuosos provenientes de cuerpos de agua contaminados . A process according to claims 1-6, which uses earthworms, humus and / or humucompost to treat, by biofiltration, biodegradable material contained in aqueous effluents from contaminated bodies of water.
Un proceso, de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 -6, que utiliza humucompost, junto con humus de lombriz y lombrices, distribuido en el suelo. A process according to claims 1-6, which uses humucompost, together with earthworm and earthworm humus, distributed in the soil.
PCT/IB2013/001745 2012-08-08 2013-08-08 Composting of solid and liquid waste and biodegradable sludge by means of earthworm humus (eisenia fetida and similar species) and combinations of earthworm humus and stomach material with a high microorganism content WO2014024034A1 (en)

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CN112707753A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-04-27 四川尚毅农业开发有限公司 Biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN115594541A (en) * 2022-01-28 2023-01-13 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司（Cn） Device and method for producing organic fertilizer by using planting waste

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