WO2014017955A2 - Procédé de transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures, réacteur pour sa mise en oeuvre (et variantes) et installation destinée à la transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures - Google Patents

Procédé de transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures, réacteur pour sa mise en oeuvre (et variantes) et installation destinée à la transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures Download PDF

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WO2014017955A2
WO2014017955A2 PCT/RU2013/000634 RU2013000634W WO2014017955A2 WO 2014017955 A2 WO2014017955 A2 WO 2014017955A2 RU 2013000634 W RU2013000634 W RU 2013000634W WO 2014017955 A2 WO2014017955 A2 WO 2014017955A2
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Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon
products
reactor
solid
liquid
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PCT/RU2013/000634
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
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WO2014017955A3 (fr
WO2014017955A8 (fr
Inventor
Максим Викторович АНГИРУКИН
Алексей Алексеевич ВАЖНЕНКОВ
Евгений Трофимович ГОПОНЕНКО
Алексей Васильевич ЕРУСЛАНОВ
Вячеслав Александрович ПАНФИЛОВ
Игорь Васильевич РАССОХИН
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Закрытое Акционерное Общество Научно-Производственная Компания "Интергаз"
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Priority to US14/404,618 priority Critical patent/US20150144476A1/en
Priority to EP13822942.2A priority patent/EP2889360A4/fr
Priority to CN201380038983.1A priority patent/CN104937076A/zh
Publication of WO2014017955A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014017955A2/fr
Publication of WO2014017955A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014017955A3/fr
Publication of WO2014017955A8 publication Critical patent/WO2014017955A8/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00—Retorts
    • C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
    • C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/12—Applying additives during coking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/18—Modifying the properties of the distillation gases in the oven
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of industrial processing of combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon-containing products and can be used, in particular, for processing a variety of industrial and household waste, for processing low-quality combustible minerals, such as, for example, brown coal oil shales and the like.
  • a known method of processing solid household waste by gasification implemented in a reactor with refractory lining with a length of 1600 mm and an inner diameter of 250 mm, for which a gasifying agent containing oxygen and waste are fed countercurrently into a vertical shaft furnace (typically mixed with lump fuel) are sequentially located in the heating and drying zone, the pyrolysis zone, the combustion (oxidation) zone and the cooling zone, and the process is carried out periodically, for which waste is loaded and solid products are unloaded rabotki performed after reactor shutdown [Disclosure of the invention to RF patent NQ 207,905 1 from 1994.06.23, IPC ⁇ F23G 5/027, publ. 1997.05. 10] .
  • the product gas is sent for further use, which may include further purification and incineration for heating, for example, a steam boiler.
  • further purification and incineration for heating for example, a steam boiler.
  • a known method of processing condensed fuels which is a modification of the method according to RF patent Ns 2079051, for which a charge consisting of combustible components and a lump of solid non-combustible material is loaded into the reactor, a gas stream is installed through the charge with a gasifying agent supplied to the reactor with oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide, and process products are removed from the reactor.
  • Said charge is sequentially located in the zones of heating, pyrolysis, coking, gasification and cooling, solid products are unloaded from the reactor, at least part of the gaseous is burnt, while flue gas mixed with air and water vapor is used as a gasification agent, and the process is controlled a change in the fraction of flue gas in the gasifying agent [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation Ng 2152561 from 1998.01.22, IPC 7 F23G 5/027, publ. 2000.07.10].
  • the product gas taken off at the top of the reactor is sent to a gas purification device. The result is the processing of condensed fuels with high energy efficiency, high yield of valuable products, including pyrolysis resins and combustible gas.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the excess amount of chemically unbound carbon in the solid residue at the outlet of the reactor, the high content of water, carbon dioxide and acid components in the product gas, which reduces the efficiency of its further use, as well as its low productivity.
  • a known method of processing used tires including their thermal decomposition with the formation of gas and vapor products and a solid carbon residue, their separation into liquid and vapor phases and a solid carbon residue, separation of the liquid phase into light and heavy fractions, grinding of the carbon residue, granulation of carbon - of the remaining residue using a wetting liquid, carbonization of the carbon residue, and the gases and light resins formed in the proposed process are fed to the combustion furnaces of the reactor, carbonizer and activator [Description of the invention to RF patent NQ 2142357 of 1998.07.03, IPC 6 . B29B 17/00, C 10G 1/10, C08J 1 1/02, publ. 1999.12.10].
  • Combined-cycle products are pumped through hot cyclones, where they are purified from dispersed carbon, and a scrubber, where they are irrigated with a pyrolysis resin, while the liquid phase condenses from the combined-gas products and flows into the settling tank.
  • the clarified pyrolysis resin passes through a cyclone for irrigation into a scrubber, and the excess into a collection tank.
  • the soot-tar suspension is collected in the lower part of the sump, after which it is disposed of in a reactor, the hydrocarbon part of which evaporates and leaves with the volatile products into the condensation system, and the dispersed carbon passes into the residue.
  • the method reduces the volume and spectrum of emissions from the recycling process of used tires, however, this is achieved due to a serious complication of the process and an increase in its duration.
  • the disadvantages of the method are the presence of a large amount of liquid-droplet and solid impurities in the processed product, and, as the size of these impurities decreases, their extraction becomes more difficult or even impossible.
  • the closest in terms of the essential features of the claimed method for processing combustible carbon and hydrocarbon-containing wastes is the industrial method for layerwise high-temperature processing in a reactor having a useful volume of 18 m 3 , a working diameter of 1,500 mm and a working height of 10,000 mm, in the presence of a nozzle when supplying an oxygen-containing agent and water vapor, oxidation, coking and pyrolysis of combustible components, the formation of a gas-vapor mixture and solid residues, their cooling, removal and removal from the working passage space of the reactor, while behind the coking and pyrolysis zone a hydrocarbon synthesis and hydrogenation zone is formed, chemically unbound carbon is emitted in the coking and pyrolysis zone and treated with water vapor in the combustion zone to produce free hydrogen, which is fed into the synthesis and hydrogenation zone, sequentially carrying out synthesis and hydrogenation of hydrocarbons [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2385343 of 2008.12.10, IPC C 10
  • the problem to be solved by the first invention of the group and the technical result achieved is to create another ecologically clean method for the industrial processing of combustible carbon and hydrocarbon-containing products, to improve the quality of cleaning gas-vapor mixtures from solid and liquid droplet impurities, to increase the productivity of the process and simplify its hardware clearance.
  • a method for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products including the preparation of the mixture from the processed products and their sequential layer-by-layer processing in the reactor in the presence of a nozzle when supplying an oxygen-containing agent and water-water steam, and including the stages of heating the charge, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, combustion, the formation of a solid residue, which is removed from the working space of the reactor, the formation of steam gas mixture (aerosol), which includes carbon-containing particles, cooling the vapor-gas mixture with the deposition of part of the solid and liquid particles and its removal from the working space of the reactor, at the stage of charge heating and coking and pyrolysis form an aerosol sorption zone, at least irrigating the upper part of the charge with liquid hydrocarbon-containing products and / or adding solid hydrocarbon-containing products to the charge with a softening temperature above 60 ° C and a boiling point above 300 ° C.
  • the weight ratio of liquid hydrocarbon-containing products for irrigation of the upper part of the charge to the sum of the initial solid hydrocarbon-containing products in the composition of the charge is (1-3): 10;
  • the gas-vapor mixture is subjected to centrifugal forces
  • the nozzle further comprises chemically unbound carbon
  • a reactor for the processing of combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon-containing wastes is known, which is presented in the form of a batch or continuous operation device for the environmentally friendly disposal of waste oils or sludges and other wastes [See description of the invention to RF patent NQ 21 16570], which includes a sealed working chamber equipped with appropriate instrumentation with working areas arranged in the technological sequence: unloading solid processing residues with an unloading window, supplying air and water vapor, heating the air and water vapor, combustion, coking, pyrolysis, waste heating, selection of combined-cycle products with, at least at least one channel for selecting and loading waste with a gateway, with each zone being equipped with temperature sensors, and the channels for supplying air and selecting combined-cycle products are equipped with pressure sensors.
  • This device has the same disadvantages as the method implemented on it, i.e. the product contains a large amount of solid and liquid droplet impurities, including their finely divided fractions, which make the equipment inoperative during their extraction for a relatively short period of time.
  • a reactor for processing combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon-containing wastes is an industrial reactor that includes a sealed working chamber with working areas located in the technological sequence: unloading solid processing residues with an unloading window, air and water vapor supply through the corresponding channels, air and water vapor heating, combustion, coking and pyrolysis, synthesis and hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, heating oduktov processing, selection gas mixture with at least one selection Canada are scrap and recycling products loading zone to the gateway, with each zone being provided with temperature sensors or pressure sensors Nia [See. Description of the invention to RF patent NQ 2385343].
  • the disadvantages of this reactor include the inadequate quality of purification of the gas-vapor mixture, limiting its further processing in order to extract individual components.
  • the problem solved by the second and third inventions of the group and the achieved technical result consists in creating the next reactor designs for environmentally friendly industrial processing of combustible carbon and hydrocarbon-containing products, improving the quality of cleaning gas-vapor mixture from solid and liquid droplet impurities, increasing equipment productivity and simplifying its hardware design.
  • the reactor for the continuous processing of combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products including a sealed working chamber with a loading hole in the upper the lid and working areas arranged in the technological sequence: unloading solid processing residues with an unloading window, supplying air and / or oxygen and water vapor through appropriate channels, heating air and / or oxygen, burning, coking and pyrolysis, heating the processed products selection of a gas-vapor mixture with at least one channel for selecting the loading of processed products with a gateway, with each zone of the working chamber equipped with at least one temperature sensor, and air heating zones and / or oxygen and gas-vapor mixture selection are equipped with pressure sensors, the working chamber contains a zone for sorption of solid and liquid carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing particles equipped with additional temperature sensors.
  • the sorption zone of solid and liquid carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing particles is made with the possibility of maintaining the working temperature not higher than 300 ° C
  • the upper part of the reactor is equipped with a device for supplying liquid hydrocarbons with their uniform distribution over the cross section of the reactor;
  • the feed gateway for the charge from the processed products is made with two airtight shutters installed sequentially with the formation of an intermediate hopper, located between the feed hopper and the feed opening of the reactor top cover.
  • the reactor for the continuous processing of combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products including a sealed working chamber with a loading hole in the top cover and working areas located in the technological sequence : unloading solid residues of processing with an unloading window, supplying air and / or oxygen and water vapor through appropriate channels, heating air and / or oxygen, combustion, coking and pyrolysis, heating of the processed products, selection of a gas-vapor mixture with at least one sampling channel, and a loading zone of processed products with a gateway, with each zone of the working chamber equipped with at least one temperature sensor, and the heating zone air and / or oxygen, and the selection of the gas mixture are equipped with pressure sensors, working
  • the tea chamber contains a zone for sorption of solid and liquid carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing particles equipped with additional temperature sensors, and the upper part of the reactor is equipped with a device for supplying liquid hydrocarbons with a uniform distribution over the reactor cross section.
  • the sorption zone of solid and liquid carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing particles is made with the possibility of maintaining the operating temperature not higher than 300 ° C;
  • the feed gateway for the charge from the processed products is made with two airtight shutters installed sequentially with the formation of an intermediate hopper, located between the feed hopper and the feed opening of the reactor top cover.
  • the reactor is not the final step in obtaining a marketable product. To do this, it is built into the appropriate installation.
  • a known installation for the processing of condensed fuels including a reactor, a feed unit, a unit for unloading solid and non-combustible processed products, a unit for outputting a gas-vapor mixture, a unit for cleaning solid and liquid carbon-containing particles (as a rule, this is a cyclone), a condensation unit liquid products, collections of Florentines (aqueous and organic fractions) of condensates and a collection of liquid hydrocarbon-containing waste [See Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation Ns 2152561].
  • a known installation for the processing of oil sludge which, unlike the previous installation, is equipped with at least two interconnected cyclones [Description of the invention to RF patent NQ 2229060 from 2002.07.22, IPC 7 F23G 7/05, publ. 2004.01.27].
  • thermochemical processing of solid organic raw materials into fuel components including a reactor, a unit for supplying raw materials to the loading opening of the upper cover of the reactor, a unit for unloading solid and non-combustible products of processing, an outlet unit for the vapor-gas mixture, a cyclone separator (unit for cleaning solid and liquid carbon-containing particles) for rough cleaning, a condensation unit for liquid products, condensate collectors (aqueous and organic fractions) of condensates and a collection of liquid hydrocarbon-containing wastes [Description of the invention to a RF Patent NQ 2275416 from 2005.03.28, IPC C 10L 5/48, F23G 5/027, publ. 2006.04.27].
  • the problem solved by the fourth invention of the group and the technical result achieved is to create another technical solution for the installation for environmentally friendly industrial processing of combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon-containing products, to improve the quality of cleaning gas-vapor mixtures from solid and liquid-droplet impurities, to increase the productivity of the equipment and simplify its hardware and equipment th clearance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a reactor for the continuous processing of fuels carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products
  • FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the reactor of FIG. 1, equipped with a device for supplying liquid hydrocarbons;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a reactor with distinguished characteristic zones
  • FIG. 4 shows a plant (production line) for the processing of combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products based on the reactors of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.
  • a method for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products is implemented on the corresponding devices - two versions of the reactors and a special installation.
  • the reactor for the continuous processing of combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products includes a sealed working chamber 1 with a loading hole 2 in the top cover 3 and working zones arranged in the technological sequence: 4 - discharge of solid processing residues with a discharge ok - nom 5; 6-supply of air (and / or oxygen) through channels 7; 8 - supply of water vapor through channels 9; 10 - heating of air (and / or oxygen); 11 - burning; 12 - coking and pyrolysis; 13 - heating of processed products; 14 - selection of a gas-vapor mixture with at least one sampling channel 15, and zone 16 - loading of processed products with a gateway 17 for supplying charge from processed products (feed supply unit), each zone of the working chamber 1 being provided with at least , one temperature sensor 18, and zones 10 - air heating, and 14 - gas-vapor mixture selection are equipped with pressure sensors 19, AT THIS, the working chamber 1 contains zone 21 equipped with additional temperature sensors 20 - sorption of solid and liquid carbon and
  • the upper part of the reactor can be equipped with a device 22 for supplying liquid hydrocarbons from the side (i.e., from the outside), for example, spent oils or the organic layer of oil sludge, liquid tar, with their uniform distribution over the cross section of the reactor.
  • the gateway 17 for feeding the charge from the processed products is made with two conditionally sealed (i.e. preventing leakages in the operating mode of operation), sequentially installed with the formation of an intermediate hopper 23 by shutters 24 and 25, located between the loading hopper 26 and the loading hole 2 of the upper reactor covers 3.
  • the conditional tightness implies the exclusion of the ingress of processed products into the atmosphere or, in the event of ingress, not to exceed their maximum permissible concentrations.
  • the formation of a slight rarefaction during the selection of the gas-vapor mixture in conjunction with the existing level of tightness of the gateway 17 allows us to talk about the absence of ecological pressure on the surrounding natural environment of this technology.
  • the reactor for the continuous processing of combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products according to the second embodiment of the invention includes the same elements as in the first embodiment, except that the upper part of the reactor is initially equipped with a device 22 for supplying liquid hydrocarbons from the side (i.e. e. from the outside) with a uniform distribution over the cross section of the reactor.
  • the installation for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products includes one of the reactor options, a gateway 17 for supplying the charge from the processed products (feed supply unit) to the loading hole 2 of its upper cover 3, the unit for unloading solid and non-combustible processed products , unit 28 for withdrawing the vapor-gas mixture, unit 29 for cleaning solid and liquid carbon-containing particles of the cyclone type for rough cleaning, unit 30 for condensing liquid products, collectors-florentines (aqueous and organic fractions) 31 condensates and a collection 32 liquid hydrocarbon-containing waste, while between the node 29 for cleaning from solid and liquid carbon-containing particles of the cyclone type and the node 30 for condensing liquid products, there is an additional node 33 for cleaning the vapor-gas mixture, consisting of a centrifugal fine separator 34 and at least one selective cyclone 35 type, while the collection 32 of liquid hydrocarbon-containing waste is equipped with a device (for example, a pump) 36 for their supply to the
  • the Florentine collectors 31 are equipped with devices 37 for supplying the aqueous and / or organic fraction to the combustion zone 1 1 of the reactor.
  • the method of processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products involves the preparation of a charge from the processed products (hereinafter, simply the charge) and their sequential layer-by-layer processing in the reactor in the presence of a nozzle while supplying an oxygen-containing agent and water steam, and includes the stages of heating the charge, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, combustion, the formation of a solid residue, which is removed from the working space (working chamber 1) of the reactor, the formation of a vapor-gas mixture (aerosol), the entrainment includes carbon-containing particles, cooling the vapor-gas mixture with the deposition of part of the solid and liquid particles and its removal from the working space (working chamber 1) of the reactor, while at the stage of heating the charge and coking and pyrolysis form zone 21 - aerosol sorption, by at least irrigating the upper part of the charge with liquid hydrocarbon-containing products and / or adding solid hydrocarbon-containing products to the charge with a softening temperature above 60 ° C
  • the weight ratio of liquid hydrocarbon-containing products for irrigation of the upper part of the charge from the processed products to the sum of the initial solid hydrocarbon-containing products in the charge is (1-3): 10
  • the weight ratio of added solid hydrocarbon-containing products to the initial hydrocarbon-containing products in the composition charge is (2-5): 10
  • the weight ratio of liquid hydrocarbon-containing products for irrigation of the upper part of the charge to the amount of added solid hydrocarbon-containing products and the outcome - hydrocarbon-containing products in the composition of the charge is (1-3) :( 12-15).
  • the nozzle As a nozzle, limestone with a fraction size of 10-80 mm is used.
  • the nozzle additionally contains chemically unbound carbon, in particular, pelletized fly ash containing chemically unbound carbon is used as a nozzle, or heat-resistant steel rings are used as a nozzle.
  • At least used oils and / or the organic (top) oil sludge layer and / or tars are used as liquid hydrocarbon-containing products, and solid hydrocarbon-containing products with a softening point above 60 ° C and a boiling point above 300 ° C are used as added hydrocarbon-containing products. at least solid refinery waste.
  • the main objective of continuous industrial processing of combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products of the present invention is to obtain a vapor-gas mixture purified from solid and liquid droplets. Moreover, any possible subsequent “traditional” cleaning of the gas-vapor mixture, as it is obviously ineffective, leading to the deposition of resins and black carbon on the surfaces of apparatuses, fittings, instrumentation and automation, is not taken into account as ineffective.
  • a zone of sorption of aerosols (dust particles, including carbon black and condensed liquid droplets carried out from zone 1) is formed 1 combustion and the moving layers of the charge formed during friction), by at least irrigating the upper part of the charge with liquid hydrocarbon-containing products and / or adding solid hydrocarbon-containing products to the charge with a softening temperature above 60 C, a boiling point above 300 ° C and a softening temperature of more than 60 ° C.
  • the weight ratio of liquid hydrocarbon products for the irrigation of the upper part of the charge to the sum of the initial solid hydrocarbon-containing products in the composition of the charge should be (1-3): 10.
  • the amount of hydrocarbon-containing products other than the specified ratio will lead to insufficient cleaning of the gas-vapor mixture or to unreasonable overspending of liquid hydrocarbon-containing products - products, although, for example, in the case of their conscious processing, this may be justified, however, then the method has special technological modes.
  • At least used oils and / or the organic (top) oil sludge layer and / or tars are used as liquid hydrocarbon-containing products, and solid hydrocarbon-containing products with a softening point above 60 ° C and a boiling point above 300 ° C are used as added hydrocarbon-containing products.
  • solid refinery wastes such as bitumen, oil sands, cracking residues, solid pyrolysis residues, etc. These products are for the most part waste from various industries and their processing Bottom in building materials is not always justified.
  • the mechanism for reducing the aerosol content in the exhaust gas-vapor mixture can be explained as follows.
  • the mixture is irrigated with liquid hydrocarbon-containing products or when solid analogs are melted, a liquid film is formed on the mixture, which adsorbs liquid and solid aerosol particles and delivers them to coking and combustion zone 12.
  • the gas-vapor mixture cleaned in the reactor is subjected to centrifugal forces in units 29 and 33, which allow the smallest particles of mechanical impurities to be separated by increasing their kinetic energy, and, often, the cyclone equipment capacities of unit 29, a precipitating particle above 25 microns is not enough for this - centrifugal fine separation of the assembly 33 is required on the separator 34, which allows separating particles with sizes of 5-25 microns, which after enlargement fall into selective cyclones 35, from where they arrive general compilation 38.
  • a nozzle which can be taken as limestone with a size of fractions of 10-80 mm.
  • the reactor will work like a kiln and at the output will be obtained calcium oxide powder, which can be used directly in the preparation of building mixtures, and the sulfur content in the gas-vapor mixture will decrease as a result of the reactions:
  • the range of nozzles can be expanded by using those in which there is chemically unbound carbon, a prominent representative of such nozzles is pelletized fly ash containing chemically unbound carbon. Such carbon burns out in the reactor and the decarburized nozzle becomes a raw material for obtaining, for example, high-quality cement. Also, for processing high-ash products, Rashig-type rings of heat-resistant steels with a large free volume can be used as a nozzle.
  • This zone - 21 - is formed as a result of softening of hydrocarbon-containing products specially added to the mixture with a softening temperature in excess of 60 ° C (bitumen, oil sands, cracked residues, solid pyrolysis residues, etc.).
  • the processed products and the packing “wetted” with low-melting hydrocarbons become capable of sorbing various related impurities on its surface, both solid (dust, soot carbon) and liquid (liquid droplet organics).
  • Selection of low melting coal of the hydrogen hydrocarbons introduced into the composition of the charge allows us to endow the previously used exclusively for heating and coking and pyrolysis of the charge zones 13 and 12 of the reactor with a new function - to create an effective “wet” filter from it, the sorption zone 21.
  • zones 13 and 12 of heating and coking and pyrolysis due to the need to heat large volumes of processed products that are constantly fed through the gateway 17 and pass them through to cool the gas mixture, there is a need to increase the size of zones 13 and 12.
  • the upper part of the reactor is equipped with a device 22 for supplying liquid hydrocarbons with their uniform distribution over the reactor cross section — for additional irrigation of the charge through nozzles, perforated pipes, etc. d.
  • the feed gateway 17 is made with two conditionally sealed, sequentially installed with the formation of an intermediate hopper 23 with shutters 24 and 25 located between loading hopper 26 and loading hole 2 of the upper cover 3 of the reactor.
  • a vacuum can be created within 500-5 000 Pa. This tightness is sufficient to ensure the environmental safety of the process.
  • any of the reactors allows one to significantly reduce the amount of impurities in the composition of a combined cycle gas mixture.
  • the greatest effect will be obtained from the use of the installation, which includes at least one of the aforementioned reactors.
  • An installation for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products, including the aforementioned reactors, implies that between the node 29 for cleaning solid and liquid carbon-containing particles of the cyclone type and the node 30 for condensing liquid products, there is an additional unit 33 for cleaning the gas-vapor mixture, consisting of a centrifugal fine separator 34 and at least one selective-type cyclone 35.
  • This combination of purification equipment was not previously used, since traditional plants separated from the vapor-gas mixture those impurities that were detained at the level of sorption zones 21 of the two aforementioned reactors.
  • those liquid hydrocarbon-containing wastes that fell into the corresponding collection 38 can be sent to the switchgear 22 of the upper cover 3 of the reactor — for irrigation of the charge — independently or in addition to third-party liquid hydrocarbon-containing products from the collection 32 supplied to the same zone - for the formation of zone 21 of sorption.
  • the aqueous and / or organic fractions from the Florentine collectors 31 are partially fed into the combustion zone 1 1 of the reactor through channels 9 (originally intended for supplying water vapor), and partially for further processing.
  • Example 1 To be processed coal briquettes 040 mm and high that 40 mm from coal waste.
  • rings 32x32x3 of heat-resistant steel 20X23H 18 in the amount of 1000 kg / h are used.
  • the temperature in the combustion zone 1 1 does not exceed 1100 ° C.
  • the output stream from the reactor unloading zone 28 was 1819 kg / h in quantity and its structure included, kg / h,
  • the content of solid and liquid-droplet impurities was measured by passing part of the gas stream by a compressor (1-6 l / min) through a refrigerator and a filter with fibrous material. The content of particles was determined from the difference in the weight of a clean and dirty filter and the amount of gas passed through. Gas was sampled for the content of solid and liquid droplet impurities at the outlet of the reactor, after a 0900 mm cyclone (unit 29), after a newly installed centrifugal separation unit 33 and after a backup centrifugal separation unit 39.
  • coal briquettes of 040 mm and a height of 40 mm from coal waste are subject to processing.
  • the composition of the briquettes and the elemental composition of the combustible mass, the number of briquettes, the amount of calcium carbonate is the same as in Example 1. The difference is in the absence of a sorption zone, since liquid hydrocarbons, such as oil waste, and substandard bitumen are not supplied.
  • the temperature in the combustion zone does not exceed 1,100 ° C.
  • the output stream from the discharge zone of the reactor amounted to 1809 kg / h in quantity and its structure includes, kg / h:
  • the content of solid and liquid-droplet impurities was measured by passing part of the gas stream by a compressor (1-6 l / min) through a refrigerator and a filter with fibrous material. The content of particles was determined from the difference in the weight of a clean and dirty filter and the amount of gas passed through. Gas was selected for the content of solid and liquid droplet impurities at the outlet of the reactor, after a 0900 mm cyclone (unit 27), after a newly installed centrifugal separation unit 31, after a backup centrifugal separation unit 39.
  • Example 3 The carbon-containing raw material is subject to processing — coke obtained by coking of low-metamorphosed coals of low sintering capacity (ie coke not used for metal smelting).
  • rings 32x32x3 of heat-resistant steel 20X23H 18 are used in an amount of 300 kg / h.
  • oil waste is supplied in the amount of 300 kg / h.
  • the temperature in the combustion zone 11 does not exceed 1200 ° C.
  • the output stream of the gas-vapor mixture from the reactor according to the chromatographic analysis of the condensed part on a Kristallux-4000M chromatograph and according to the gas analysis equipment KP-1459 was 2671 kg / h and its structure includes, kg / h:
  • the content of solid and liquid-droplet impurities was measured by passing part of the gas stream by a compressor (1-6 l / min) through a refrigerator and a filter with fibrous material. The content of particles was determined from the difference in the weight of a clean and dirty filter and the amount of gas passed through. Gas was sampled for the content of solid and liquid droplet impurities at the outlet of the reactor, after a 0900 mm cyclone (unit 29), after a newly installed centrifugal separation unit 33 and after a backup centrifugal separation unit 39.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention relève du domaine de la transformation industrielle de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures. Le procédé de transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures est mis en oeuvre dans des réacteurs équipés de capteurs de température. Les réacteurs comprennent les stades de réchauffement de la charge (13), de pyrolyse des composants combustibles et de cokéfaction (12), de combustion (11) et de formation d'un résidu dur (4). Aux stades de réchauffement de la charge (13) et de cokéfaction de pyrolyse (12) on forme une zone de sorption d'aérosols (21), à savoir de particules en forme de poussière et de gouttes condensées de liquides de la zone de combustion (11) par l'arrosage de la partie supérieure de la charge via un dispositif de redistribution (22) avec des produits d'hydrocarbures liquides et/ou par l'ajout dans la charge de produits hydrocarbonés solides ayant une température de ramollissement supérieure à 60C et une température d'ébullition supérieure à 300C. L'installation comprend un des réacteurs mentionnés plus haut, une unité de déchargement de produits de transformation solides et non combustibles(27), une unité d'évacuation du mélange gaz et vapeur (28), une unité de nettoyage des particules carbonées solides et liquides de type cyclone (29) pour nettoyage grossier, une unité de condensation de produits liquides (30), des collecteurs à florentine de condensats (31) et un collecteur de déchets liquides contenant des hydrocarbures (32). Entre l'unité de nettoyage des particules carbonées solides et liquides de type cyclone (29) et l'unité de condensation de produits liquides (30) on a monté une unité de nettoyage supplémentaire de mélange gaz et vapeur (33) qui comprend un séparateur centrifuge de nettoyage fin (34) et un cyclone de type sélectif (35). Le collecteur de déchets liquides contenant des hydrocarbures (32) comprend un dispositif de leur amenée et un dispositif de distribution (22) du couvercle supérieur du réacteur (3). L'invention permet d'améliorer la qualité de nettoyage du mélange gaz et vapeur des particules solides et liquides jusqu'à 95 %, d'augmenter la productivité du processus et de simplifier la réalisation matérielle.
PCT/RU2013/000634 2012-07-25 2013-07-23 Procédé de transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures, réacteur pour sa mise en oeuvre (et variantes) et installation destinée à la transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures WO2014017955A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

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US14/404,618 US20150144476A1 (en) 2012-07-25 2013-07-23 Method for processing combustible products, reactor for implementing same (variants) and apparatus comprising said reactor
EP13822942.2A EP2889360A4 (fr) 2012-07-25 2013-07-23 Procédé de transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures, réacteur pour sa mise en oeuvre (et variantes) et installation destinée à la transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures
CN201380038983.1A CN104937076A (zh) 2012-07-25 2013-07-23 可燃性处理可燃性产物的方法,实施该方法(变化情况)的反应器以及包含该反应器的装置

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RU2012131681 2012-07-25
RU2012131681/05A RU2495076C1 (ru) 2012-07-25 2012-07-25 Способ переработки горючих углерод- и/или углеводородсодержащих продуктов, реактор для его осуществления (варианты) и установка для переработки горючих углерод- и/или углеводородсодержащих продуктов

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US20180086994A1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2018-03-29 Expander Energy Inc. Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthetic Gas
RU2629666C1 (ru) * 2016-12-28 2017-08-31 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Екатеринбург" Способ утилизации углеродсодержащих отходов
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CZ308787B6 (cs) * 2019-09-06 2021-05-19 TyReCycle a.s. Způsob kontinuálního termického zpracování ojetých nebo poškozených či jinak znehodnocených pneumatik a zařízení k provádění tohoto způsobu
AU2021101230A4 (en) * 2021-03-01 2021-05-06 PRTI Global Management, LLC Apparatus and method for thermally demanufacturing tires and other waste products
CN115558526B (zh) * 2022-12-05 2023-04-11 浙江百能科技有限公司 旋风热解炉及基于其的热解气化系统及工艺

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US20150144476A1 (en) 2015-05-28
WO2014017955A3 (fr) 2014-04-03
RU2495076C1 (ru) 2013-10-10
EP2889360A4 (fr) 2016-04-06
WO2014017955A8 (fr) 2014-05-22
EP2889360A2 (fr) 2015-07-01

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