WO2014015459A1 - 牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制作的方法及其教学训练 - Google Patents

牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制作的方法及其教学训练 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014015459A1
WO2014015459A1 PCT/CN2012/079024 CN2012079024W WO2014015459A1 WO 2014015459 A1 WO2014015459 A1 WO 2014015459A1 CN 2012079024 W CN2012079024 W CN 2012079024W WO 2014015459 A1 WO2014015459 A1 WO 2014015459A1
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Prior art keywords
crown
model file
digital
turning
patient
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PCT/CN2012/079024
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄大可
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医百科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 医百科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 医百科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN201280075096.7A priority Critical patent/CN104603859B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2012/079024 priority patent/WO2014015459A1/zh
Priority to US14/416,586 priority patent/US9913701B2/en
Publication of WO2014015459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014015459A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
    • A61C5/70—Tooth crowns; Making thereof
    • A61C5/77—Methods or devices for making crowns
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C9/00—Impression cups, i.e. impression trays; Impression methods
    • A61C9/004—Means or methods for taking digitized impressions
    • A61C9/0046—Data acquisition means or methods
    • A61C9/0053—Optical means or methods, e.g. scanning the teeth by a laser or light beam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C9/00—Impression cups, i.e. impression trays; Impression methods
    • A61C9/004—Means or methods for taking digitized impressions
    • A61C9/0046—Data acquisition means or methods
    • A61C9/0053—Optical means or methods, e.g. scanning the teeth by a laser or light beam
    • A61C9/006—Optical means or methods, e.g. scanning the teeth by a laser or light beam projecting one or more stripes or patterns on the teeth
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/283—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for dentistry or oral hygiene
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C11/00—Dental articulators, i.e. for simulating movement of the temporo-mandibular joints; Articulation forms or mouldings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/34—Making or working of models, e.g. preliminary castings, trial dentures; Dowel pins [4]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dental patching and smashing complex digital construction document and production method, and a dental teaching and squat compound production teaching training. Background technique
  • ⁇ complex patch which is used by fixed dentures (generally called crown and bridge). Turning and grinding the natural teeth as abutment teeth, and then attaching a metal or metal combined ceramic denture-crown or bridge to the abutment teeth.
  • the crown is suitable for severe tooth decay or trauma and can not be used in the traditional filling method.
  • the patch is trimmed, the tooth is protected by a crown after a proper amount of turning, so that it can be used continuously without being removed.
  • the root canal treated tooth has a severe tooth defect.
  • a tooth commonly known as a nail
  • the bridge is suitable for the removal of a certain tooth. After the teeth in the edentulous area have been modified by turning, the missing area is restored like a bridge. After the tooth is removed, the edentulous area is formed. If it is empty for a long time, it will cause excessive engraftment of the teeth, and the teeth before and after will also tilt toward the edentulous area to cause occlusion interference. After the right and left teeth have been properly shaped, a three-unit bridge is made (the front and rear teeth can be seen as a bridge to form a bridge)
  • the focus of the above-mentioned ⁇ complex patch is on the crown of the denture and whether the tooth (the abutment tooth) that can be turned in the patient's mouth can be brought into close contact.
  • the traditional method is to use the gypsum to reshape the patient's dental model after the turning treatment, and then manually engrave the crown with the articulator, and then manually adjust the bite, and finally manually replace the denture crown.
  • Traditional methods of construction are more time consuming and labor intensive.
  • CAD Computer- Aided Design
  • CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing
  • the internal anatomical information including the teeth, the humerus, the alveolar bone, the upper sinus, etc., is mainly provided by intraoral scanning, in the oral cavity of patients after turning treatment, by intraoral scanning, for example, CT photography.
  • intraoral scanning for example, CT photography.
  • CT photography Through the digital 3D environment to generate the patient's oral data, and then use the digital crown, through the virtual adjustment of the bite, this process is similar to CAD, complete the digital file of the crown, and then automatically turn the denture directly into the processing machine, import this The process accelerates the production of dentures.
  • the dental CAD/CAM system is in a state of development, there are some immature or cost reasons, and it has not been fully imported. Therefore, there is often a third traditional combination of CAD/CAM, mainly for the treatment after turning. After the gypsum is turned into a dental mold, the dental mold is scanned, and the dental model data of the patient is generated in a digital 3D environment, and then the digital crown is selected, and the digital file of the crown is completed by virtual adjustment, and then the digital file of the crown is completed. Automatically turning the dentures directly into the machine, and introducing this process can speed up the production of the dentures.
  • the aforementioned fixed denture-crown or bridge method is based on the abutment teeth after turning treatment as the basis for the dental model or intraoral scan of the patient, whether it is a traditional practice or through dental CAD/CAM.
  • the system there will be a close combination of the abutment and the crown; and the bridge does not use the appearance of the original patient's original teeth, but the crown of the technician's hand or the crown of the database, which allows the physician Or the patient cannot decide whether to retain the original crown or use the crown model built into the database.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a dental patching and smashing complex digital filing and manufacturing method and teaching training thereof, and using the digital model to establish and the optical space 3D positioning method to record the turning patients.
  • the entire process of the tooth, recording all the teeth that have been turned off and the remaining abutment body, can directly use this data to make the crown, so that the crown and the abutment body are close to A PI.
  • the present invention discloses a method for digitally documenting and fabricating a dental patch and a sputum complex, which mainly includes the following steps: pre-operative scanning to establish a first digital model, which mainly comprises the following steps: pre-operative scanning, Scanning device for pre-operative shape scan of the patient's treated teeth to create a first digital model file; optical positioning and turning treatment, optical tracking system for tracking medical devices, optical positioning of the turning tool
  • the first digital model file combines to turn the treated tooth into abutment teeth and establish a second digital model file for the turning process; the solid model calculus, which will be treated by a second digital model file previously created by the turning process
  • the pre-operative scan includes first using a plaster to reproduce the dental model of the patient, and then feeding the dental mold into the dental model scanner to obtain the first digital model file, and the dental model scanner includes an optical scanning device such as a laser type and a projection type. .
  • the scanning device scanned before the operation comprises an intraoral scanning device, which is directly photographed through the sensor into the patient's mouth, and the shape of the tooth is obtained to establish the first digital model file.
  • the pre-operative scan is the application of the computed tomography ( ⁇ photography, direct imaging of the patient's intra-oral tomographic data, including tooth shape, bone, neural tube and other information to establish the first digital model file.
  • ⁇ photography direct imaging of the patient's intra-oral tomographic data, including tooth shape, bone, neural tube and other information to establish the first digital model file.
  • the fixed denture is processed to determine the inner and outer structures of the crown by combining the second digital model file and the self-crown model file, and the fixed denture is automatically turned by a tool.
  • the processed fixed denture further comprises a crown selection, and a digital crown model file conforming to the patient is selected from a crown database by software; a digital virtual adjustment is performed after selecting a digital crown model file conforming to the patient The occlusion; the digital virtual adjustment is combined with the digital crown model file and the self-crown model file to determine the inner and outer structures of the crown, and then through the tool
  • the fixed denture is produced by automatic turning.
  • the method of the present invention can also be used for teaching training of dental patching and smashing complex digital filing and production, which mainly comprises the following steps: the trained person obtains a tooth model that has established a teaching digital model file, and then tracks the medical through the optical positioning system. In the manner of the appliance, the optical positioning of the turning tool is combined with the teaching digital model file, the tooth model is turned into abutment tooth, and a second digital model file is created by the turning process; the original crown shape of the tooth model is adopted.
  • the document, and the second digital model file inversely establish a crown model file for the process of the solid model turning into the abutment teeth; processing the fixed denture, through the crown model file, through computer aided manufacturing processing and production required fixation
  • the denture; and the aforementioned fixed denture are sleeved on the abutment teeth, and the preparation results of the trained person's turning and fixed denture are evaluated.
  • the advantage of this case is that the digital model of the patient's original teeth and the 3D positioning of the optical space are established by pre-scanning, the whole process of turning the teeth of the patient is recorded, and all the teeth that have been turned off and the remaining abutments are recorded. , and store the use history, so that it can be practiced and improved in the future due to the loss of the use process.
  • the data can be directly used for the production of the existing fixed denture preparation system, so that the inner structure of the crown can be combined with the support body. Closely combined.
  • the patient can directly use the appearance of the original tooth instead of using the crown of the technician's hand or the crown of the database, and there is no need to adjust the bite to allow the doctor or patient to have more Choose, as needed, to retain the original crown or use the database's built-in crown.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram 1 of an implementation flow of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram 2 of an implementation flow of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram 3 of an implementation flow of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the teaching training process of the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses a method for digitally documenting and fabricating a dental patch and a sputum complex, which mainly includes the following steps: Scanning 110 before surgery, performing surgery on a patient's treated tooth through a scanning device The front shape scan is used to create a first digital model file 121.
  • the pre-operative scan 110 includes a conventional method of first using a plaster to reshape a patient's dental mold, and then feeding the dental mold into a dental model scanner to obtain the first digital model file 121.
  • the known dental mold scanner includes a laser.
  • Optical scanning devices such as projectors and projections.
  • the scanning device of the pre-operative scan 110 also includes an intraoral scanning device. The intraoral scanning device is directly photographed by the sensor extending into the patient's mouth, and the first digital model file 121 is created after obtaining the shape of the tooth.
  • pre-operative scan no is applied tomography ( ⁇ photography, directly photographing the patient's intraoral orbital data, including tooth shape, bone, neural tube, etc., to establish the first digital model file 121.
  • Scanning by means of tomography (CT) scans only the appearance of the teeth is scanned relative to the intraoral scanner, and the information on the structure of the teeth in the mouth is displayed, so that the information of the warning can be more abundant, and the safety warning effect can be achieved in the dental treatment.
  • CT computed tomography
  • Optical positioning and turning treatment 130 is mainly to use the space 3D positioning method to record the user's turning and grinding teeth. In the whole process, when the turning is wrong, some warnings can be reached during the turning process, and the safety and precise turning can be achieved. Also, because all the teeth that have been turned off and the remaining teeth (support teeth) are recorded, the pen can be directly used. The data was used to create a fixed denture-crown for the patient.
  • a method in which an optical positioning system tracks a medical device is a known technique, such as the "Optical Object Tracking System" of U.S. Patent No. 6,675,040, which discloses An optical detection system for recording the position of an instrument connected to an optically detectable object in space, by combining a plurality of cameras with a data processor, image scanning data, and a computer and associated graphic display , in the surgery, diagnosis, treatment settings, search for the location of the instrument, target, patient, and device. Subsequent markets have also revealed relevant improved techniques, so the technology for tracking medical devices through optical positioning systems is a known technique and is not the focus of this patent.
  • the autogenous crown model file 150 is generated from turning data of all of the turned teeth and the remaining teeth (buts teeth), including the inner layer structure in which the crown is joined to the abutment teeth.
  • the fixed denture 200 can be directly processed by using the data of the pen, and the production is performed.
  • the fixed denture 200 is a computer-aided design (CAD) and a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) through a denture turning tool system, and the second digital model file 122 and the self-crown model file 150 are combined.
  • CAD computer-aided design
  • CAM computer-aided manufacturing
  • the inner and outer structures 210 of the crown are determined, and the dentures 220 are automatically turned by a tool to produce a fixed denture that meets the needs of the patient, and the fixed denture includes a crown and a bridge.
  • the processed fixed denture 200 further includes a crown selection 230, which is the appearance of the original tooth in the physician or the patient's patient, or the appearance of the original tooth cannot be viewed.
  • a digital crown model file 232 conforming to the patient may be selected by the software from a crown database 231; a digital crown model file 232 matching the patient is selected and then a digital virtual adjustment bite 240 is performed through the known teeth.
  • the occlusal surface simulates the crown method to automatically adjust the occlusion; the digital virtual adjustment occlusion 240 is combined with the digital crown model file 232 and the self-crown model file 150 to determine the inner and outer structures 210 of the crown, and then the tool is automatically turned to produce the denture 220, making a fixed denture that meets the needs of the patient, the fixed denture including a crown and a bridge.
  • the foregoing method can be applied to the teaching training of the preparation of the fixed denture, which mainly includes the following steps: the trainee obtains a tooth model in which the teaching digital model file 310 has been established, and the teaching digital model file 310 can be a standard tooth.
  • the tooth model, or a tooth model that utilizes gypsum to reproduce the patient can be formed in a manner that is established as described above for the first digital model file 121, or by a uniform standard of the instructor.
  • optical positioning and turning practice 320 is performed.
  • the optical positioning system is used to track the medical device by the optical positioning system, and the turning tool optical positioning is combined with the teaching digital model file 310 to turn the tooth model into abutment tooth shape 321 and The turning process creates a second digital model file 322.
  • the entity model calculation 330 is performed, and the process of turning the original crown profile 311 and the second digital model file 322 into the abutment teeth through the teaching digital model file 310
  • a crown model file 340 is created in the reverse direction.
  • the crown model file 340 is used to determine the inner and outer structures of the crown in combination with the second digital model file 322 and the original crown profile 311.
  • the fixed denture 350 is processed according to the crown model file 340, and the fixed denture required for manufacturing is produced by the computer, and the fixed denture includes one of a crown and a bridge.
  • the aforementioned fixed denture is sleeved on the abutment tooth 360.
  • the preparation result of the trained person's turning and fixed denture can be evaluated, and the second digital model file 322 established in combination with the aforementioned turning process can be used for digital and physical. Assessment.

Abstract

一种牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制作的方法及其教学训练，该方法主要包括以下步骤：手术前扫描（110）建立第一数字模型文件（121），光学定位及车削治疗（130），且将车削过程建立第二数字模型文件（122）；实体模型演算（140）反向建立病患的自体牙冠模型文件（150）；及加工制作固定式义齿（200），结合该第二数字模型文件（122）及自体牙冠模型文件（150）制作符合病患所需的固定式义齿，使固定式义齿的牙冠内层结构可与支台体密切结合，且可视需要决定要保有原有牙冠外观。借由教学数字模型文件的牙齿模型依前述方法，可用于被训练者的教学训练。

Description

牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制作的方法及其教学训练 技术领域
本发明是有关牙科补缀及赝复体数字建文件与制作方法， 及牙科补缀 及赝复体的制作教学训练。 背景技术
在牙科龋齿治疗中， 当恒齿坏损时， 拔除后将无法再长出新牙， 所以 有一种治疗称为赝复补缀， 通过固定式义齿 (一般所称的牙冠与牙桥)， 利用 车削修磨自然牙当作支台齿， 然后在支台齿外粘上金属制或金属合并陶瓷 制的固定式义齿 -牙冠 (crown)或牙桥 (bridge)。
牙冠适用于严重的蛀牙或外伤等原因破坏而无法使用传统的补牙方式 补缀时， 牙齿经过适量的车削修型后以牙冠保护起来， 以能继续使用而免 于拔除。 根管治疗过的牙齿因为牙齿缺损严重， 除了制作牙冠外， 还要额 外在根管内制作一个牙心 (俗称钉子)来支撑牙冠。
牙桥则是适用于某颗牙齿拔出后， 缺牙区前后的牙齿经过车削修型后， 类似搭桥一样将此缺牙区进行赝复。 牙齿拔除后形成缺牙区， 长久空着会 造成对咬牙过度萌出， 前后的牙齿也会往缺牙区倾斜进而造成咬合干扰。 前后牙齿经过适量修型后， 制作三单位的牙桥 (前后牙齿可视为桥墩搭成一 座牙桥
前述赝复补缀的重点都在于假牙的牙冠和能否病患口中被车削的牙齿 (支台齿)达到密合。 传统的工法是在车削治疗后的利用石膏翻制病患的牙 模， 然后配合咬合器手工刻出牙冠， 再通过手工调整咬合， 最后在手工翻 制假牙牙冠。 传统的工法不止过程耗时且费人工。
目前牙科的趋势是导入 CAD/CAM 系统， CAD ( Computer- Aided Design)为计算机辅助设计， CAM(Computer- Aided Manufacturing)为计算机 辅助制造， 此观念由机械制造业转换而来。 主要通过口内扫描， 对车削治 疗后的病患口腔内， 通过口腔内扫描， 例如， CT摄影则可提供内部的解剖 信息， 包括牙齿、 颚骨、 齿槽骨神经、 上鼻窦等。 借由数字 3D的环境中产 生病患的口腔数据， 再选用数字牙冠， 通过虚拟调整咬合， 此段流程类似 CAD, 完成牙冠的数字文件， 再直接以加工机自动车削出假牙， 导入此流 程可加速假牙的制作。
因为牙科 CAD/CAM系统正处于发展中的状态， 也有些许不成熟或成 本原因， 尚未完整导入的情况， 故也常有第三种传统结合 CAD/CAM的方 式， 主要是对车削治疗后的病患进行石膏翻制牙模后， 再对牙模进行扫描， 借由数字 3D的环境中产生病患的牙模数据， 再选用数字牙冠， 通过虚拟调 整咬合， 完成牙冠的数字文件， 再直接以加工机自动车削出假牙， 导入此 流程可加速假牙的制作。
然而， 前述固定式义齿 -牙冠或牙桥的制法都建立在车削治疗后的支台 齿作为翻制病患牙模或口腔内扫瞄的基础， 不管是传统作法或通过牙科 CAD/CAM 系统， 都会有支台体和牙冠的密切结合问题； 而牙桥并非使用 原有病患本人原有牙齿的外观， 而是使用技工手刻的牙冠或是数据库的牙 冠， 这让医师或病人无法视需要决定要保有原有牙冠或使用数据库内建的 牙冠模型。 发明内容
于是， 为解决上述缺失， 本发明的目的在于提供一种牙科补缀及赝复 体数字建档与制作方法及其教学训练， 利用数字模型的建立， 及光学空间 3D定位的方式， 记录车削病患牙齿的全部过程， 记录所有被车削掉的牙齿 与留下来的支台体， 可直接利用此笔数据制作牙冠， 使牙冠与支台体密切 士 A PI。 为达到上述的目的， 本发明揭露一种牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制 作的方法， 其主要包括以下步骤： 手术前扫描建立第一数字模型， 其主要 包括以下步骤： 手术前扫描， 通过扫描装置对病患接受治疗的牙齿做手术 前的外形扫描， 用以建立一第一数字模型文件； 光学定位及车削治疗， 通 过光学定位系统追踪医疗器具的方式， 将车削工具光学定位与该第一数字 模型文件结合， 将接受治疗的牙齿车削成支台齿， 且将车削过程建立一第 二数字模型文件； 实体模型演算， 通过先前将车削过程建立的第二数字模 型文件， 将接受治疗的牙齿车削成支台齿的过程反向建立病患的一自体牙 冠模型文件； 及加工制作固定式义齿， 通过计算机辅助设计及制造加工， 结合该第二数字模型文件及自体牙冠模型文件制作符合病患所需的固定式 义齿， 固定式义齿包括牙冠和牙桥。
其中， 手术前扫描包括先利用石膏翻制病患的牙模， 再将牙模送进牙 模扫描机后得到该第一数字模型文件， 牙模扫描机包括激光式及投影式等 光学扫描装置。
其中， 手术前扫描的扫描装置包含口内扫描装置， 通过感应器伸入病 患口中直接拍摄， 取得牙齿的外形后建立该第一数字模型文件。
其中， 手术前扫描为应用计算器断层扫描 (ση摄影， 直接拍摄病患口 内断层数据， 包含牙齿外形、 骨质、 神经管等信息， 用以建立该第一数字 模型文件。
其中， 该加工制作固定式义齿是结合该第二数字模型文件及自体牙冠 模型文件确定牙冠的内外层结构， 再通过工具自动车削生产该固定式义齿。
其中， 该加工制作固定式义齿进一步包括一牙冠选取， 通过软件由一 牙冠数据库选取符合病患的一数字牙冠模型文件； 选取符合病患的数字牙 冠模型文件后进行一数字虚拟调整咬合； 该数字虚拟调整咬合后结合该数 字牙冠模型文件及自体牙冠模型文件确定牙冠的内外层结构， 再通过工具 自动车削生产该固定式义齿。
本发明的方法也可用于牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制作的教学训 练， 其主要包括以下步骤： 被训练者取得已建立一教学数字模型文件的牙 齿模型， 再通过光学定位系统追踪医疗器具的方式， 将车削工具光学定位 与该教学数字模型文件结合， 将前述牙齿模型车削成支台齿， 且将车削过 程建立一第二数字模型文件； 通过前述牙齿模型的原有牙冠外型文件， 及 第二数字模型文件将车削成支台齿的过程实体模型演算反向建立一牙冠模 型文件； 加工制作固定式义齿， 通过该牙冠模型文件通过计算机辅助制造 加工生产所需的固定式义齿； 及将前述固定式义齿套于前述支台齿， 评鉴 被训练者车削与固定式义齿的制备结果。
本案的优点在于， 通过术前扫描建立病患原有牙齿的数字模型， 及光 学空间 3D定位的方式， 记录车削病患牙齿的全部过程， 记录所有被车削掉 的牙齿与留下来的支台体， 并将使用历程加以储存， 方便让日后可针对使 用历程的疏失加以练习改进， 同时可直接利用此笔数据供现有的固定式义 齿制备系统生产， 使牙冠内层结构可与支台体密切结合。 且， 因为有自体 牙冠模型文件， 病患可以直接使用原有牙齿的外观， 而不是使用技工手刻 的牙冠或是数据库的牙冠， 也不用再调整咬合， 让医师或病人多一种选择， 视需要决定要保有原有牙冠或使用数据库内建的牙冠。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的实施流程示意图一；
图 2为本发明的实施流程示意图二；
图 3为本发明的实施流程示意图三；
图 4为本发明的教学训练流程示意图。
附图标记说明
110： 手术前扫描 121： 第一数字模型文件
122： 第二数字模型文件
130： 光学定位及车削治疗
140： 实体模型演算
150： 自体牙冠模型文件
200： 制作固定式义齿
210： 牙冠的内外层结构
220： 自动车削生产假牙
230： 牙冠选取
231： 牙冠数据库
232： 数字牙冠模型文件
240： 数字虚拟调整咬合
310： 教学数字模型文件
311： 牙冠外型文件
320： 光学定位及车削实习
321： 支台齿外形
322： 第二数字模型文件
330： 实体模型演算
340： 牙冠模型文件
350： 制作固定式义齿
具体实施方式
有关本发明的详细内容及技术说明， 现以实施例来作进一步说明， 但 应了解的是， 该实施例仅为例示说明之用， 而不应被解释为本发明实施的 限制。 请参阅图 1及图 2，本发明揭露一种牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制作 的方法， 其主要包括以下步骤： 手术前扫描 110， 通过扫描装置对病患接受 治疗的牙齿做手术前的外形扫描， 用以建立一第一数字模型文件 121。
其中， 手术前扫描 110包括先利用石膏翻制病患的牙模的传统作法， 再将牙模送进牙模扫描机后得到该第一数字模型文件 121，已知的牙模扫描 机包括激光式及投影式等光学扫描装置。 手术前扫描 110 的扫描装置也包 含口内扫描装置， 口内扫描装置通过感应器伸入病患口中直接拍摄， 取得 牙齿的外形后建立该第一数字模型文件 121。
或， 手术前扫描 no为应用计算器断层扫描 (ση摄影， 直接拍摄病患 口内断层数据， 包含牙齿外形、 骨质、 神经管等信息， 用以建立该第一数 字模型文件 121。若以计算器断层扫描 (CT)的方式扫描， 相对于口内扫描机 只扫出牙齿的外观， 因口内牙齿结构信息都会显示， 则警示的信息可以更 丰富， 在牙科诊疗中可以达到安全警示的效果。 上述牙模扫描机、 口内扫 描装置及计算器断层扫描 (CT)摄影为已知技术， 且非本专利重点， 在此不 手术前扫描 110后，接着进行光学定位及车削治疗 130，通过光学定位 系统追踪医疗器具的方式，将车削工具光学定位与该第一数字模型文件 121 结合， 将接受治疗的牙齿车削成支台齿， 且将车削过程建立一第二数字模 型文件 122。 光学定位及车削治疗 130主要是利用空间 3D定位的方式， 记 录使用者车削修磨牙齿的全部过程， 当车削错误时， 在车削过程中可以达 到一些警示， 达到安全精准的车削外， 也因为记录所有被车削掉的牙齿与 留下来的牙齿 (支台齿)数据，可直接利用此笔数据制作病患所需的固定式义 齿-牙冠。
其中光学定位系统追踪医疗器具的方式为已知技术， 如美国专利第 6,675,040号"光学目标寻迹系统 (Optical Object Tracking System)"， 其揭示 一种光学侦测系统， 用以记录连接有光学上可侦测的对象的仪器在空间中 的位置， 借由数个摄影机与数据处理器、 影像扫描数据、 以及计算机与相 关的图形显示器相结合， 而能够在手术、 诊断、 治疗设定中， 搜寻仪器、 标的、 病人、 以及装置的位置。 后续市场也揭露相关的改良技术， 所以通 过光学定位系统追踪医疗器具的技术为已知技术， 且非本专利重点， 在此 光学定位及车削治疗 130后，接着进行实体模型演算 140，通过先前将 车削过程建立的第二数字模型文件 122，将接受治疗的牙齿车削成支台齿的 过程反向建立病患的一自体牙冠模型文件 150。自体牙冠模型文件 150是由 所有被车削掉的牙齿与留下来的牙齿 (支台齿)车削数据所产生，包括牙冠的 外观与支台齿相接合的内层结构。
实体模型演算 140后， 因为是由记录所有被车削掉的牙齿与留下来的 牙齿 (支台齿)数据产生该自体牙冠模型文件 150， 可直接利用此笔数据加工 制作固定式义齿 200，制作固定式义齿 200是通过假牙车削工具系统的计算 机辅助设计 （ Computer-Aided Design, CAD ) 及计算机辅助制造 (Computer-Aided Manufacturing, CAM), 结合该第二数字模型文件 122及自 体牙冠模型文件 150确定牙冠的内外层结构 210，再通过工具自动车削生产 假牙 220，制作符合病患所需的固定式义齿，该固定式义齿包括牙冠和牙桥。
请再参阅图 3，该加工制作固定式义齿 200进一步包括一牙冠选取 230， 该牙冠选取 230是在医师或病人病患不使用原有牙齿的外观， 或原有牙齿 外观以无法辩视使用， 可通过软件由一牙冠数据库 231 选取符合病患的一 数字牙冠模型文件 232;选取符合病患的数字牙冠模型文件 232后再进行一 数字虚拟调整咬合 240，通过已知的牙齿咬合曲面模拟牙冠方法虚拟调整咬 合； 该数字虚拟调整咬合 240后结合该数字牙冠模型文件 232及自体牙冠 模型文件 150确定牙冠的内外层结构 210， 再通过工具自动车削生产假牙 220， 制作符合病患所需的固定式义齿， 该固定式义齿包括牙冠和牙桥。 请参阅图 4，前述方法可应用于固定式义齿的制备教学训练，其主要包 括以下步骤： 被训练者取得已建立一教学数字模型文件 310 的牙齿模型， 教学数字模型文件 310可以是标准牙的牙齿模型， 或利用石膏翻制病患的 牙齿模型所建立， 其形成方式可如前述第一数字模型文件 121的建立方式， 或由教学者统一标准建立。
接着进行光学定位及车削实习 320，如前述一样通过光学定位系统追踪 医疗器具的方式， 将车削工具光学定位与该教学数字模型文件 310结合， 将前述牙齿模型车削成支台齿外形 321，且将车削过程建立一第二数字模型 文件 322。
光学定位及车削实习 310后，接着进行实体模型演算 330，通过该教学 数字模型文件 310内牙齿模型的原有牙冠外型文件 311，及第二数字模型文 件 322将车削成支台齿的过程反向建立一牙冠模型文件 340，该牙冠模型文 件 340是结合该第二数字模型文件 322及原有牙冠外型文件 311确定牙冠 的内外层结构。
然后， 依据该牙冠模型文件 340进行加工制作固定式义齿 350，通过计 算机辅助制造加工生产所需的固定式义齿， 该固定式义齿包括牙冠和牙桥 其中之一。
最后，将前述固定式义齿套于前述支台齿 360，在这步骤可评鉴被训练 者车削与固定式义齿的制备结果， 结合前述车削过程建立的第二数字模型 文件 322可进行数字及实体的考核。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不能以此限定本发明实 施的范围， 即凡是依本发明权利要求及说明书内容所作的简单的等效变化 与修饰， 均属于本发明专利涵盖的范围内。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制作的方法， 其特征在于， 其主要 包括以下步骤：
手术前扫描， 通过扫描装置对病患接受治疗的牙齿做手术前的外形扫 描， 用以建立一第一数字模型文件；
光学定位及车削治疗， 通过光学定位系统追踪医疗器具的方式， 将车 削工具光学定位与该第一数字模型文件结合， 将接受治疗的牙齿车削成支 台齿， 且将车削过程建立一第二数字模型文件；
实体模型演算， 通过先前将车削过程建立的第二数字模型文件， 将接 受治疗的牙齿车削成支台齿的过程反向建立病患的一自体牙冠模型文件； 及
加工制作固定式义齿， 通过计算机辅助设计及制造加工， 结合该第二 数字模型文件及自体牙冠模型文件制作符合病患所需的固定式义齿。
2.如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述手术前扫描包含先利用 石膏翻制病患的牙模， 再将牙模送进牙模扫描机后得到该第一数字模型文 件。
3.如权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述牙模扫描机包括激光式 及投影式光学扫描装置。
4.如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述手术前扫描的扫描装置 包含口内扫描装置， 通过感应器伸入病患口中直接拍摄， 取得牙齿的外形 后建立该第一数字模型文件。
5.如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述手术前扫描为应用计算 器断层扫描摄影， 用以建立该第一数字模型文件。
6.如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该固定式义齿包括牙冠和牙 桥其中之一。
7.如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该加工制作固定式义齿是结 合该第二数字模型文件及自体牙冠模型文件确定牙冠的内外层结构， 再通 过工具自动车削生产该固定式义齿。
8.如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该加工制作固定式义齿进一 步包括一牙冠选取， 通过软件由一牙冠数据库选取符合病患的一数字牙冠 模型文件。
9.如权利要求 8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 选取符合病患的数字牙冠模 型文件后进行一数字虚拟调整咬合。
10.如权利要求 9所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该数字虚拟调整咬合后结 合该数字牙冠模型文件及自体牙冠模型文件确定牙冠的内外层结构， 再通 过工具自动车削生产该固定式义齿。
11.一种牙科补缀及赝复体数字建档与制作的教学训练， 其特征在于， 其主要包括以下步骤：
被训练者取得已建立一教学数字模型文件的牙齿模型；
光学定位及车削实习， 通过光学定位系统追踪医疗器具的方式， 将车 削工具光学定位与该教学数字模型文件结合， 将前述牙齿模型车削成支台 齿， 且将车削过程建立一第二数字模型文件；
实体模型演算， 通过前述牙齿模型的原有牙冠外型文件， 及第二数字 模型文件将削成支台齿的过程反向建立一牙冠模型文件；
加工制作固定式义齿， 通过该牙冠模型文件通过计算机辅助制造加工 生产所需的固定式义齿； 及
将前述固定式义齿套于前述支台齿， 评鉴被训练者车削与固定式义齿 的制备结果。
12.如权利要求 11所述的教学训练， 其特征在于， 该固定式义齿包括牙 冠和牙桥其中之一。
13.如权利要求 11所述的教学训练， 其特征在于， 该牙冠模型文件是结 合该第二数字模型文件及原有牙冠外型檔确定牙冠的内外层结构。
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