WO2014012215A1 - 新型钻夹头 - Google Patents

新型钻夹头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014012215A1
WO2014012215A1 PCT/CN2012/078743 CN2012078743W WO2014012215A1 WO 2014012215 A1 WO2014012215 A1 WO 2014012215A1 CN 2012078743 W CN2012078743 W CN 2012078743W WO 2014012215 A1 WO2014012215 A1 WO 2014012215A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rear body
driven gear
drill chuck
jaw
gear
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/078743
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柳尧亭
于作滋
Original Assignee
威海达旺五金制品有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 威海达旺五金制品有限责任公司 filed Critical 威海达旺五金制品有限责任公司
Priority to BR112015000757-0A priority Critical patent/BR112015000757B1/pt
Priority to US14/414,273 priority patent/US10086442B2/en
Priority to CN201280074170.3A priority patent/CN104411432B/zh
Priority to JP2015521926A priority patent/JP2015521964A/ja
Priority to CA2879240A priority patent/CA2879240C/en
Priority to EP12881500.8A priority patent/EP2875885B1/en
Priority to RU2014150438/02A priority patent/RU2588954C1/ru
Priority to PCT/CN2012/078743 priority patent/WO2014012215A1/zh
Publication of WO2014012215A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014012215A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/16—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving radially
    • B23B31/16083—Jaws movement actuated by gears and racks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/1207—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving obliquely to the axis of the chuck in a plane containing this axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/1207—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving obliquely to the axis of the chuck in a plane containing this axis
    • B23B31/1215—Details of the jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
    • B23B2231/24—Cooling or lubrication means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/07—Gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23B2260/106—Nuts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17666—Radially reciprocating jaws

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a jig for a machining tool, and more particularly to a novel drill chuck that facilitates opening while protecting a tool.
  • Drilling and milling are often used in production and processing activities, such as machine tools and electric drills.
  • the drill chucks used to hold the drills, milling cutters, etc. on the working axes of these equipments have experienced long-term application and improvement.
  • the drill chucks are mainly divided into the following three types:
  • a drill chuck that gives the force of the jaws moving up and down from the outside of the jaws.
  • the drill chuck generally has a partial thread on the outer side of the jaw, and the thread cooperates with the thread on the core of the drill chuck casing.
  • the drill chuck casing rotates laterally, the nut will drive the jaw. Move up and down in the hole.
  • a drill chuck that forces the jaws up and down from the inside of the jaws.
  • the drill chuck is generally provided with a thread on the inner side of the jaw, and the thread cooperates with the thread on the rear body of the drill chuck.
  • the jaw will follow the rear body in the jaw. Move up and down in the hole.
  • a drill chuck that gives the force of the jaws moving up and down from the top of the jaws.
  • the tops of all the jaws in the drill chuck are fixed on the same push block, and the jaws move up and down in the jaw holes by the up and down movement of the push block.
  • the invention is directed to the technical problem that the clamping force of the existing drill chuck is too large to damage the cutter and the drill chuck is inconvenient to open, and a new drill chuck capable of protecting the cutter and being easy to open at the same time is provided.
  • the present invention is provided with a front body, a rear body and a clamping jaw.
  • the clamping jaw is provided with a thread
  • the rear body is provided with a driving gear
  • a driven gear is arranged between the clamping jaw and the rear body, and the driving gear and the driven gear are mutually
  • the driven gear is internally provided with a thread that cooperates with the thread of the jaw.
  • an intermediate gear is further disposed between the driving gear and the driven gear.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides at least one rolling bearing between the precursor and the rear body.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides for the partition to be further provided with a partition.
  • a still further preferred technical solution of the present invention is that the clamping jaw is provided with a positioning ball groove, and the positioning ball is provided with a positioning ball, and the positioning ball is fixed in the front body.
  • a still further preferred technical solution of the present invention is to provide an oil pool on the precursor.
  • the driving gear and the driven gear of the lower end of the rear body cooperate with each other, the internal thread of the driven gear cooperates with the thread of the clamping claw, and the driven gear is fixed with respect to the front body, so the application is applied to the drill chuck.
  • the jaws are limited by the gears, and the cutters are not continuously clamped, thus maintaining proper clamping force and avoiding the trouble of even opening the drill chuck.
  • the problem of not opening, but also protecting the tool does not leave dents on the tool due to too much clamping force.
  • Figure 1 is an assembled view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a half cross-sectional view of the precursor of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a half cross-sectional view of the rear body of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an A-A view of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a combination view of the driven gear and the rear body of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a structural view of the driven gear of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a structural view of the jaw of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a half cross-sectional view of the front cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a half cross-sectional view of the back cover of the present invention.
  • the present invention mainly includes a front body 1, a rear body 8, a front cover 10, a rear cover 9, a jaw 5, and a driven gear 3.
  • the rear body 8 is built in the front body 1 and can only be rotated laterally with respect to the front body 1.
  • the front body 1 is provided with a jaw hole 15 which is located in the jaw hole 15.
  • the driven gear 3 is provided with an internal thread which cooperates with the outer peripheral thread of the jaw 5, and the lower end of the rear body 8 is provided with a driving gear 19, and the driving gear 19 and the driven gear 3 cooperate with each other when the rear body 8 rotates.
  • the driven gear 3 is also rotated, and the jaw 5 is moved up and down by the gear 3.
  • the front end inner center of the front body 1 is provided with a front groove 16 and a rear groove 17, and when the rear body 8 is inserted into the front body 1, the rear body 8 is exactly the same as the two.
  • the grooves cooperate with each other.
  • a radial ball bearing 12 and a circular centripetal ball 13 around the circumference of the front end of the rear body 8 are provided, so that when the rear body 8 rotates
  • the sliding friction between the rear body 8 and the front body 1 becomes rolling friction, which greatly reduces the frictional force and increases the flexibility of the drill chuck.
  • centripetal ball is provided on the left and right sides of the rear body protrusion 20 to perform the same function.
  • a bearing pad 6 is provided at the right end of the concentric ball on the right side of the rear body projection 20, which presses the centripetal ball at the right end of the rear body projection 20.
  • a spring groove 18 is provided at a position close to the outside of the rear groove 17, and the inner circlip 7 is pinched by hand to press it on the bearing pad 6. After the hand is released, the inner circlip 7 restores the elastic force, and the card is snapped after being stretched.
  • this acts as a limit so that the rear body 8 can only rotate laterally relative to the front body 1 and cannot move radially relative to the front body 1; on the left side of the rear body protrusion 20
  • the centripetal ball has a rear body protrusion 20 on the right side and an inner wall of the front body 1 on the left side, so that no special positioning device is required for fixing.
  • the front body 1 is machined obliquely symmetrically with three jaw holes 15 extending through the upper and lower sides, and the jaws 5 are located in the jaw holes 15.
  • the front body 1 is also provided with three obliquely symmetric gear grooves 21, and the driven gear 3 is located in the gear groove 21.
  • a cutter hole 28 is provided inside the front end of the front body 1, and a partition 29 is provided between the recess of the rear body 8, and the two are not in communication. In this way, the dust can be prevented from entering the rear portion of the drill chuck during operation, and the dust is effectively isolated, and the damage caused by the cutter directly on the rear body 8 on the rear body 8 without the partition 29 is also eliminated.
  • annular oil pool 29 is also formed at the front end of the precursor 1, and the annular oil pool 29 may be continuous or may be disposed corresponding to the three jaws 5 to be in a discontinuous state; the annular oil pool 29
  • the middle seal is greased to ensure that the jaws 5 can cut the grease of the inner ring during the up and down movement. Since the portion where the annular oil pool is machined is closely fitted to the outer casing 10 of the drill chuck, the grease does not penetrate outward. Since the annular oil pool 29 is provided, the grease can be cut in the process of moving the jaws 5 up and down, so that the friction between the entire jaw 5 and the front body 1 is reduced, and the flexibility of the jaws 5 is extended. Sex time, which in turn extends the life of the drill chuck.
  • Fig. 7-A is a structural view of the jaw
  • Fig. 7-B is a B-B view of Fig. 7-A
  • Fig. 7-C is a C-C view of Fig. 7-A.
  • the outer circumference of the jaw 5 is provided with a thread (not shown) which cooperates with the thread in the driven gear 3.
  • a positioning ball groove is further disposed on the jaw 5, and after the jaw 5 is placed in the jaw hole 15, the lower half of the positioning ball 14 is located in the positioning ball groove 22, and the upper half is located in the opening 23 of the front body 1.
  • a steel ball retaining ring 2 is covered on the circumferential surface of the opening 23 of the precursor 1, so that the positioning ball 14 cannot be rolled outward.
  • the jaws 5 when the jaws 5 move up and down, due to the action of the positioning ball 14 and the positioning ball groove 22, the jaws 5 can only be moved up and down, but cannot be laterally rotated, thereby playing a good limit, thereby ensuring good guarantee.
  • the clamping force of the jaws 5 on the tool If there is no limit of the positioning ball 14 and the positioning ball groove 22, the jaws 5 will rotate laterally while moving up and down, so that the tool cannot be clamped well, which has a serious adverse effect on the work.
  • Fig. 6-A is a front view of the driven gear 3
  • Fig. 6-B is a left side view of the driven gear 3.
  • the driven gear 3 is a bevel gear, from The outer side of the movable gear 3 is an external tooth portion, and the inner side is provided with an internal thread, and the external teeth cooperate with the external teeth of the driving gear 19, the internal thread cooperates with the thread of the jaw 5, and the inner passage of the driven gear 3 and the jaw 5
  • the outer diameters are equal in size.
  • An upper annular groove 24 and a lower annular groove 25 are respectively disposed on upper and lower surfaces of the driven gear 3, and a ring of steel balls 26 are uniformly placed in the upper annular groove 24 and the lower annular groove 25, and then are outside the steel ball 26
  • a bearing cover 4 is provided so that the steel ball 26 cannot roll outward.
  • the steel ball 26 and the bearing cover 4 may not be provided on the driven gear 3, but in order to make the driven gear 3 rotate flexibly, the driven gear 3 must be quenched to increase the cost, and the steel ball 26 and the bearing are provided. After the cover 4, the driven gear 3 can omit the quenching process, and the sliding friction is rolling friction, which also increases the flexibility of the driven gear 3 to rotate.
  • Fig. 5-A is a top plan view in which the three driven gears 3 and the rear body 8 are engaged with each other
  • Fig. 5-B is a front view in which the driven gear 3 meshes with the rear body 8.
  • the rear body 8 is provided with a main body connecting hole 27. When the rear body 8 is connected to the main body, the main body drives the rear body 8 to rotate, so that the driving gear 19 drives the driven gear 3 to rotate, further driving the jaws 5 in the driven gear 3. Move up and down.
  • an intermediate gear (not shown) may be disposed between the driving gear 19 and the driven gear 3.
  • the driving gear 19, the driven gear 3 and the intermediate gear are connected by teeth, and the driving gear 19 is driven by the intermediate gear.
  • the moving gear 3 rotates and further drives the jaws 5 to move up and down.
  • the present invention is further provided with a front sleeve 10 and a rear sleeve 9, the ends of the front sleeve 10 and the front end of the rear sleeve 9 cooperating to form a complete drill chuck.
  • a front outer circlip 11 is disposed at a front end of the front body 1, and an inner ring portion is caught in a groove at the front end of the front body 1, and an outer ring portion is exposed outside the front body 1 for fixing the front cover 10 so that the front cover 10 Will not fall down.
  • Two symmetrical grooves are provided at the rear end of the rear body 8.
  • the cutter is inserted into the cutter hole 28 of the front body 1 and the rear sleeve 9 is rotated by hand. Since the rear body 8 is fixedly connected with respect to the rear sleeve 9, the rear body 8 is rotated in accordance with the rotation of the rear sleeve 9, and because the rear body 8 is rotated.
  • the upper driving gear 19 and the driven gear 3 cooperate with each other, and the driven gear 3 Further, the jaws 5 are threadedly engaged with each other, so that the rotation of the rear body 8 forces the driven gear 3 to rotate relative to the rear body 8.
  • the rotation of the driven gear 3 drives the jaws 5 to move downward along the jaw holes 15, The gap between the lower ends of the three jaws 5 is also reduced until the tool placed in the tool hole 28 is clamped.
  • the main body connecting hole 27 of the rear body 8 is connected with the working shaft of the main body.
  • the device motor is started, and the rear body 8 is rotated at a high speed by the working shaft, due to the driving gear 19, the driven gear 3 and the clip on the rear body 8.
  • the action of the static inertia between the claws 5 has a strong impact force in the initial stage of the rotation of the rear body 8 and the driving gear 19, forcing the driven gear 3 and the jaws 5 to rotate together with them, and this impact force further makes the three clips
  • the claw 5 clamps the tool, and then the reaction between the tool and the workpiece also forces relative rotation between the jaw 5, the driven gear 3 and the drive gear 19 on the rear body 8, which also adds three clips.
  • the clamping force of the claw 5 on the cutter is thus self-tightening, so that the entire self-tightening chuck has high precision and stability.
  • the motor rotates, the three clamping jaws 5 are gradually rotated together. To complete the machining process.
  • the limiting device of the clamping jaw 5 in the above embodiment is realized by the positioning ball groove 22 on the clamping jaw 5, the positioning ball 14 and the steel ball fixing ring 2.
  • the friction between the 5 and the positioning ball 14 is rolling friction, which reduces the friction and increases the flexibility of the movement of the drill chuck.
  • other methods may be used instead, for example, a V-shaped groove is provided on the jaw 5, and a V-shaped abutment is provided in the opening 23 of the precursor 1, through the steel ball fixing ring 2 or other sealing device.
  • the V-shaped abutment and the V-groove cooperate with each other, so that the V-shaped groove and the V-shaped abutment can also limit the jaws 5 during the movement of the jaws 5 up and down. So that the jaws 5 do not rotate laterally during the up and down movement.
  • the acrosome may be a key, and the corresponding groove on the jaw 5 should be rectangular.
  • the groove of the jaw 5 and the abutting body that cooperates therewith can be expressed in any shape that can function as a limit.
  • the driven gear 3 is obliquely corresponding in the drill chuck because the driven gear 3 is to be placed on the three inclined jaws 5, so that the teeth of the driving gear 19 are also inclined, with the tapered type
  • the moving gear 3 corresponds.
  • the driven gear 3 may not be provided as a tapered gear, and it is only necessary to ensure that the external teeth cooperate with the external teeth of the driving gear 19, and the rotation of the driving gear 19 can drive the driven gear 3 to rotate.
  • the rolling bearing can be set in one or two groups, and three or more groups can be set without considering the cost.
  • all the spheres of the positioning ball 14, the centripetal ball 13, the steel ball 26 and the like of the present invention are made of wear-resistant steel material, and other materials having the same function may be used instead.
  • the preferred technical solution of the present invention is provided with an annular oil pool 29 to ensure sufficient lubrication and prolong the service life of the drill chuck.
  • an annular oil pool 29 to ensure sufficient lubrication and prolong the service life of the drill chuck.
  • the partition 29 provided by the present invention can effectively prevent dust and protect the rear body 8.
  • the partition can be selectively provided without a partition, and the cutter hole can be directly connected to the front end of the rear body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

一种新型钻夹头，设有前体（1）、后体（8）、夹爪（5），夹爪（5）上设有螺紋，后体（8）设有主动齿轮（19），夹爪（5）和后体（8）之间设有从动齿轮（3），主动齿轮（19）与从动齿轮（3）相互配合，从动齿轮（3）内部设有螺紋，该螺紋与夹爪（5）的螺紋相互配合，解决了因钻夹头夹紧力太大导致打开不方便、容易损坏刀具的问题，可广泛应用于机械加工领域。

Description

新型钻夹头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机械加工用刀具的夹具，尤其是一种方便打开同时又保护刀具的新型钻夹头。
背景技术
生产加工活动中经常使用机床、电钻等工具进行钻孔、铣削等作业，装设在这些设备主机工作轴上用于夹持钻头、铣刀等刀具的钻夹头虽然经历了长期的应用和改进，但依然存在诸多不足。从钻夹头内推动夹爪在夹爪孔内上下运动的力的来源来看，钻夹头主要分为以下三种：
第一，从夹爪外侧给予夹爪上下运动的力的钻夹头。这种钻夹头一般在夹爪的外侧设有局部螺纹，此螺纹与钻夹头外套内丝母上的螺纹相互配合，在钻夹头外套横向旋转的时候，丝母就会驱动着在夹爪孔内上下运动。
第二，从夹爪内侧给予夹爪上下运动的力的钻夹头。这种钻夹头一般在夹爪的内侧设有螺纹，此螺纹与钻夹头后体上的螺纹相互配合，在钻夹头后体横向旋转的时候，夹爪会随着后体在夹爪孔内上下运动。
第三，从夹爪的顶部给予夹爪上下运动的力的钻夹头。这种钻夹头内所有夹爪的顶部都被固定在同一个推动块上，通过推动块的上下移动使得夹爪在夹爪孔内上下运动。
这几种类型的钻夹头存在的主要问题是：在这些钻夹头应用到电钻或者其它在作业时转动而且敲击的工具上的时候，这种持续不断的敲击力会带动夹爪持续加紧刀具，产生了过大的夹紧力，从而使刀具留下了凹痕，对刀具造成了破坏，而且在钻夹头停止工作或者需要更换刀具的时候，由于持续不断的敲击力使得夹爪对刀具产生的过大夹紧力的作用，钻夹头不方便打开，给操作带来的很大的困难。
发明内容
本发明是针对现有钻夹头夹紧力容易过大破坏刀具而且使钻夹头不方便打开的技术问题，提供一种能够保护刀具同时又方便打开的新型钻夹头。
为此，本发明设有前体、后体、夹爪，夹爪上设有螺纹，后体设有主动齿轮，夹爪和后体之间设有从动齿轮，主动齿轮与从动齿轮相互配合，从动齿轮内部设有螺纹，该螺纹与夹爪的螺纹相互配合。
本发明优选的技术方案是主动齿轮与从动齿轮之间还设有中间齿轮。
本发明进一步优选的技术方案是前体与后体之间设有至少一个滚动轴承。
本发明更进一步优选技术的方案是前体上还设有隔断。
本发明更进一步优选的技术方案是夹爪设有定位球槽，定位球槽内设有定位球，定位球被固定在前体内。
本发明再更进一步优选的技术方案是前体上设有油池。
本发明由于后体下端的主动齿轮与从动齿轮相互配合，从动齿轮的内螺纹又与夹爪的螺纹相配合，而从动齿轮相对于前体是固定的，所以在钻夹头应用到电钻或者其他作业时不断敲击的工具上的时候，夹爪受齿轮的限制，不会持续不断的去夹紧刀具，从而保持了适当的夹紧力，避免了钻夹头打开时费劲甚至打不开的问题，同时也保护了刀具，不会在刀具上留下由于夹紧力太大而带来的凹痕。
附图说明
图1是本发明整体结构的装配图；
图2是本发明前体的半剖视图；
图3是本发明后体的半剖视图；
图4是图3中的A-A视图；
图5是本发明从动齿轮与后体的组合视图；
图6是本发明从动齿轮的结构视图；
图7是本发明夹爪的结构视图；
图8是本发明前套的半剖视图；
图9是本发明后套的半剖视图。
图中符号说明：
1.前体；2.钢球固定环；3.从动齿轮；4.轴承盖板；5.夹爪；6.轴承垫板；7.内卡簧；8.后体；9.后套；10.前套；11.前外卡簧；12.向心球轴承；13.向心球；14.定位球；15.夹爪孔；16.前凹槽；17.后凹槽；18.卡簧槽；19.主动齿轮；20.后体突起；21.齿轮槽；22.定位球槽；23.开孔；24.上环形槽；25.下环形槽；26.钢球；27.主机连接孔；28.刀具孔；29.环形油池。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明主要包括前体1、后体8、前套10、后套9、夹爪5、从动齿轮3。后体8内置于前体1中，只能相对于前体1做横向转动。前体1设有夹爪孔15，夹爪5位于夹爪孔15内。从动齿轮3设有内螺纹，此内螺纹与夹爪5的外周螺纹相互配合，后体8的下端设有主动齿轮19，主动齿轮19与从动齿轮3相互配合，在后体8旋转时，从动齿轮3也跟着旋转，夹爪5在齿轮3的带动下做上下运动。
如图2至图4所示，前体1的后端内部居中位置设有前凹槽16和后凹槽17，在后体8插入到前体1中时，后体8正好与这两个凹槽相互配合。在后体8最接近前体1中心部位的位置也就是后体8的最前端设有向心球轴承12和围绕后体8前端圆周的一圈向心球13，这样在后体8旋转时，后体8和前体1之间的滑动摩擦就变为滚动摩擦，使摩擦力大大减小，增加了钻夹头的灵活性。
同样，在后体突起20的左右两侧均设有一圈这样的向心球，能够起到相同的作用。在后体突起20右侧向心球的右端设有轴承垫板6，其将后体突起20右端的向心球压住。在后凹槽17靠近外部的位置设有卡簧槽18，用手捏紧内卡簧7将其压在轴承垫板6上，松开手后内卡簧7恢复弹力，伸张后正好卡在卡簧槽18内，这样就起到了限位的作用，使得后体8只能相对于前体1做横向转动，而不能相对于前体1做径向运动；在后体突起20左侧的向心球因为右侧是后体突起20，左侧是前体1的内壁，所以不需要特殊的定位装置来固定。
前体1上斜向对称地加工有三个贯穿上下的夹爪孔15，夹爪5位于夹爪孔15内。前体1还设有三个斜向对称地齿轮槽21，从动齿轮3位于齿轮槽21内。在前体1的前端内部设有刀具孔28，其与后体8所在的凹槽之间设有隔断29，两者并不相通。这样在作业时可以防止鼓起的灰尘进入到钻夹头的后部，有效的隔离了灰尘，同时也免除了没有隔断29时刀具直接顶在后体8上对后体8造成的破坏。
另外，在前体1的前端还加工有环形油池29，该环形油池29可以为连续的，也可以与三个夹爪5相对应设置，而表现为不连续的状态；环形油池29中封有润滑脂，保证夹爪5在上下运动过程中能够切到内环的润滑脂。由于加工有环形油池的部位与钻夹头的外套10紧密配合，所以润滑脂不会向外渗透。由于设有环形油池29，使夹爪5上下运动的过程中能够切到其中的润滑脂，从而使整个夹爪5与前体1之间的摩擦力减小，延长了夹爪5的灵活性的时间，进而延长了钻夹头的使用寿命。
如图7所示，图7-A为夹爪的结构视图，图7-B为图7-A的B-B视图，图7-C为图7-A的C-C视图。夹爪5的外侧圆周设有螺纹（图中未示出），此螺纹与从动齿轮3内的螺纹相互配合。在夹爪5上还设有定位球槽，夹爪5置于夹爪孔15后，定位球14的下半部分位于定位球槽22内，上半部分位于前体1开孔23内。在前体1的开孔23所在的圆周面上盖有钢球固定环2，使定位球14不能向外滚动。这样，在夹爪5上下运动时，由于定位球14和定位球槽22的作用，使得夹爪5只能够做上下运动，而不能横向转动，起到了很好地限位作用，从而良好的保证了夹爪5对刀具的夹紧力。如果没有定位球14和定位球槽22的限位，夹爪5就会在上下运动的同时横向转动，从而不能够好好的夹持刀具，也就对作业产生了严重不利的影响。
如图6所示，图6-A为从动齿轮3的正视图，图6-B为从动齿轮3的左视图，从图中可以清楚的看出，从动齿轮3为锥齿轮，从动齿轮3外侧为外齿部分，内侧设有内螺纹，其外齿与主动齿轮19的外齿相互配合，内螺纹与夹爪5的螺纹相配合，从动齿轮3的内经与夹爪5的外径大小相等。在从动齿轮3上下两个面上分别设有上环形槽24和下环形槽25，在上环形槽24和下环形槽25内都均匀放置一圈钢球26，然后在钢球26的外侧设有轴承盖板4，使钢球26不能够向外滚动。从动齿轮3上也可以不设置钢球26和轴承盖板4，但是这样为了使从动齿轮3旋转灵活，从动齿轮3就必须经过淬火处理，增加了成本，而设置钢球26和轴承盖板4后，从动齿轮3就可以省略淬火处理的过程，变滑动摩擦为滚动摩擦，同样可以增加从动齿轮3旋转的灵活性。
如图5所示，图5-A为三个从动齿轮3与后体8相互啮合的俯视示意图，图5-B为从动齿轮3与后体8啮合的正视图。后体8上设有主机连接孔27，在后体8连接主机时，主机带动后体8旋转，从而使主动齿轮19带动从动齿轮3旋转，进一步的带动从动齿轮3内的夹爪5上下运动。
此外，在主动齿轮19和从动齿轮3之间还可设有中间齿轮（图中未示出），主动齿轮19、从动齿轮3和中间齿轮以齿连接，主动齿轮19通过中间齿轮带动从动齿轮3旋转，并进一步带动夹爪5上下运动。
如图8和图9所示，本发明还设有前套10和后套9，前套10的末端和后套9的前端相互配合，形成一个完整的钻夹头。在前体1的前端设有前外卡簧11，其内圈部分卡在前体1前端的凹槽中，外圈部分露在前体1外面，用来固定前套10，使前套10不会向下滑落。在后体8的后端设有两个对称的凹槽，在后套9套设在后体8上时，后套9尾端向内弯曲的部分正好卡在这两个凹槽内，与后体8形成相对固定连接，在旋转后套9时，后体8也会跟着旋转。
下面对本发明的工作过程加以说明：
将刀具插入前体1的刀具孔28内，用手转动后套9，因为后体8相对于后套9为固定连接，后体8会跟着后套9的旋转而旋转，又因为后体8上的主动齿轮19与从动齿轮3相互配合，从动齿轮3 又与夹爪5通过螺纹相互配合，所以后体8的转动迫使从动齿轮3与后体8做相对转动，从动齿轮3的转动又会带动夹爪5沿夹爪孔15向下移动，三个夹爪5下端之间的空隙也随之缩小，直至夹紧放入刀具孔28内的刀具。
后体8的主机连接孔27与主机的工作轴相连接，此时启动设备电机，后体8在工作轴的带动下高速旋转，由于后体8上的主动齿轮19、从动齿轮3和夹爪5之间的静止惯性的作用，在后体8与主动齿轮19转动的初始阶段有较强的冲击力迫使从动齿轮3和夹爪5跟随其一起旋转，这个冲击力进一步使得三个夹爪5夹紧刀具，之后刀具与加工件之间的反作用力，也在迫使夹爪5、从动齿轮3和后体8上的主动齿轮19之间做相对转动，这同样增加了三个夹爪5对刀具的夹持力，因而具备了自紧的功能，使整个自紧钻夹头具有很高的精度和稳定性，随着电机的转动，三个夹爪5夹紧刀具一起逐渐转动，从而完成机械加工过程。
上述实施例中夹爪5的限位装置是由夹爪5上的定位球槽22、定位球14以及钢球固定环2来实现的，这种方案为优选的技术方案，因为此时夹爪5与定位球14之间的摩擦为滚动摩擦，减小了摩擦力，也就增加了钻夹头运动的灵活性。但也可以用其他的方式来代替，比如说在夹爪5上设有V型槽，而在前体1的开孔23内设有V型顶体，通过钢球固定环2或者其他密封设备来固定V型顶体，V型顶体与V型槽相互配合，这样在夹爪5上下运动的过程中，V型槽与V型顶体同样能够起到对夹爪5进行限位的作用，使夹爪5在上下运动的过程中不会横向转动。又例如顶体可以为键，相对应的夹爪5上的凹槽就应该为长方形。总之，夹爪5的凹槽和与之相配合的顶体可以表现为任意的能够起到限位作用的形状。
从动齿轮3在钻夹头内是斜着相对应的，是因为从动齿轮3要套在三个斜着的夹爪5上，所以主动齿轮19的齿也是斜着的，与锥型从动齿轮3相对应。从动齿轮3也可以不设置成锥型齿轮，只需要保证其外齿与主动齿轮19的外齿相配合、主动齿轮19的转动能够带动从动齿轮3旋转即可。
为了增加后体8旋转时的灵活性，上述实施例中设置有三组滚动轴承。需要考虑成本时，此滚动轴承可以设置成一组或者两组，不需要考虑成本时，可以设置三组或者三组以上。
为了增加钻夹头的寿命，本发明的定位球14、向心球13、钢球26等所有的球体均选用耐磨的钢性材质，也可以选用起到相同作用的其他材质来代替。
本发明优选的技术方案设有环形油池29，保证充分的润滑，延长钻夹头的使用寿命，当然也可以不设置油池，减小一些加工时间和成本。另外，本发明所设有的隔断29可以有效的防止灰尘和保护后体8，在加工有困难时也可以选择不设有隔断，直接将刀具孔通到后体的前端。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种新型钻夹头，其设有前体、后体、夹爪，夹爪上设有螺纹，其特征是所述后体设有主动齿轮，所述夹爪和所述后体之间设有从动齿轮，所述主动齿轮与所述从动齿轮相互配合，所述从动齿轮内部设有螺纹，该螺纹与所述夹爪的螺纹相互配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述主动齿轮与所述从动齿轮之间还设有中间齿轮。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述前体与所述后体之间设有至少一个滚动轴承。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述前体上还设有隔断。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述夹爪设有定位球槽，所述定位球槽内设有定位球，所述定位球被固定在前体内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的新型钻夹头，其特征在于所述前体上设有油池。
PCT/CN2012/078743 2012-07-17 2012-07-17 新型钻夹头 WO2014012215A1 (zh)

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