WO2013185708A1 - 一种多输入多输出天线及移动终端 - Google Patents

一种多输入多输出天线及移动终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013185708A1
WO2013185708A1 PCT/CN2013/080408 CN2013080408W WO2013185708A1 WO 2013185708 A1 WO2013185708 A1 WO 2013185708A1 CN 2013080408 W CN2013080408 W CN 2013080408W WO 2013185708 A1 WO2013185708 A1 WO 2013185708A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
floor
electromagnetic
substrate
units
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PCT/CN2013/080408
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2013185708A9 (zh
Inventor
禹忠
支周
郭阳
陈霖
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013185708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013185708A1/zh
Publication of WO2013185708A9 publication Critical patent/WO2013185708A9/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
    • H01Q15/0073—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces said selective devices having corrugations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mobile terminal communication technologies, and in particular, to a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna and a mobile terminal.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • MIMO emerges as the times require. MIMO can increase the capacity and spectrum utilization of wireless communication systems by dozens or even hundreds of times. It can effectively resist multipath fading and become one of the key technologies in today's next-generation mobile communication transmission system.
  • the size of the antenna must be minimized, and the corresponding performance indexes such as bandwidth, gain, and isolation must be satisfied, so that the transmission efficiency can be better and more accurately ensured.
  • radiation efficiency which puts higher requirements on antenna design.
  • the methods commonly used to improve the isolation of an antenna system mainly include: (1) designing the antenna unit into different shapes and strictly designing the position of the antenna, for example, placing the antenna unit vertically, which is advantageous for increasing the polarization characteristics and Radiation characteristics, thus achieving the normal operation of each antenna, but this has limitations, the antenna must be designed into different structures; (2) connect the antenna unit or the feed port with a microstrip line, when the antenna unit is excited, the current is micro The strip portion is gathered and coupled with the floor, equivalent to an inductor-capacitor-filter system with band cutoff characteristics, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the isolation.
  • This method is suitable for the microstrip patch antenna model; (3) using multiple layers The radiation patch is distributed on different layers of different dielectric plates, and energy radiation is radiated in different planes, which greatly reduces the mutual coupling, so that the overall thickness required is relatively large; (4) opening a rectangular slit in the floor to concentrate current and reduce energy Flow, to achieve the effect of reducing coupling and increasing isolation, the processing accuracy requirements of this method High.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a multiple input multiple output antenna and a mobile terminal, which can improve the isolation of the MIMO antenna, thereby improving transmission efficiency and radiation efficiency.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a multiple input multiple output antenna, including: an antenna substrate, a plurality of antenna units, an electrical tape gap structure, and a floor;
  • the antenna unit is spacedly attached to a surface of the antenna substrate; the antenna substrate is disposed to overlap the floor; and the electromagnetic band gap structure is disposed at a position between two antenna units of the antenna substrate The electromagnetic bandgap structure is coupled to the floor.
  • the electromagnetic bandgap structure comprises a plurality of electromagnetic bandgap units; the electromagnetic bandgap unit comprises a cylinder and a radiation ring; the radiation ring is concentrically sleeved with one end of the cylinder a through hole is formed in the antenna substrate, the cylindrical tube penetrates the through hole to be connected to the floor; and the radiation ring is attached to a surface of the antenna substrate.
  • the electromagnetic bandgap unit is arranged on the antenna substrate in a T-shape with respect to a positive direction of the antenna unit.
  • the radius of the cylinder is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; the radius of the radiation ring is greater than 0.5 mm and less than 1 mm.
  • the lateral spacing between the electromagnetic bandgap units is less than or equal to 0.75 mm; and the longitudinal spacing between the electromagnetic bandgap units is greater than one wavelength.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a mobile terminal, including: a housing and an antenna; wherein the antenna is disposed in a housing; the antenna includes an antenna substrate, a plurality of antenna units, an electrical tape gap structure, and a floor; The antenna unit is spacedly attached to a surface of the antenna substrate; the antenna substrate is disposed to overlap the floor; and the electromagnetic band gap structure is disposed at a position between two antenna units of the antenna substrate The electromagnetic bandgap structure is coupled to the floor.
  • the electromagnetic band gap structure includes a plurality of electromagnetic band gap units;
  • the electromagnetic band gap unit includes a cylindrical barrel and a radiation ring;
  • the radiation ring is sleeved concentrically with one end of the cylindrical barrel;
  • a through hole is formed in the antenna substrate, and the cylindrical tube penetrates the through hole to be connected to the floor;
  • the radiation ring is attached to a surface of the antenna substrate.
  • the electromagnetic bandgap unit is arranged on the antenna substrate in a T-shape with respect to a positive direction of the antenna unit.
  • the radius of the cylinder is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; the radius of the radiation ring is greater than 0.5 mm and less than 1 mm.
  • the lateral spacing between the electromagnetic bandgap units is less than or equal to 0.75 mm; and the longitudinal spacing between the electromagnetic bandgap units is greater than one wavelength.
  • the isolation of the MIMO antenna can be improved, thereby increasing the radiation efficiency of each antenna unit and increasing the communication data transmission rate.
  • the electromagnetic bandgap structure is similar to a Printed Circuit Board (PCB).
  • the manufacturing process includes copper and via, which is the same as the PCB fabrication process. It can be incorporated into the processing of the antenna or PCB during processing. Going, processing costs and complexity are within acceptable limits, and the complexity of the antenna design is effectively reduced.
  • the electromagnetic bandgap structure can be regarded as a high-resistance circuit, which can reduce the surface wave loss, increase the gain of the antenna, and effectively increase the radiation efficiency.
  • the thickness of the antenna substrate is within an acceptable range, and has a certain practical significance compared with the conventional antenna unit layered on different dielectric plates.
  • the electrical tape gap structure is arranged in a " ⁇ " type, occupying a small area. The structure is simple, the applicability is strong, and it is easier to adopt. BRIEF abstract
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a multi-input multi-output antenna in the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a multiple input multiple output antenna according to the embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an electromagnetic bandgap unit in a multiple input multiple output antenna according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the multiple input multiple output antenna according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of sl l/s 22 of a ⁇ antenna when no electromagnetic band gap structure is added;
  • 6 is a schematic diagram of sl1/s22 of a MIMO antenna after adding an electromagnetic bandgap structure according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of sl2/s21 of a MIMO antenna when no electromagnetic bandgap structure is added;
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing the sl2/s21 of the MIMO antenna after the addition of the electromagnetic bandgap structure of the present embodiment.
  • the present embodiment aims to provide a multiple input multiple output antenna capable of increasing isolation by increasing the isolation of the antenna by using an electromagnetic band gap structure.
  • the electrical tape gap structure is a periodic structure developed from the photonic bandgap structure.
  • the electrical tape gap structure can control the propagation of electromagnetic waves to a certain extent, which is shown to prevent the propagation of electromagnetic waves in certain frequency bands and has certain forbidden band characteristics.
  • the electrical tape gap structure is a band stop filter that is formed by periodically arranging different media, metals, or a mixture thereof. Due to the existence of this characteristic, the electrical tape gap structure can be applied to the microstrip antenna, and is disposed between the antenna elements as a high resistance circuit to suppress the surface wave of the substrate, suppress higher harmonics, and reduce other absorption of the antenna unit. The energy radiated by the antenna unit increases the isolation.
  • the present embodiment utilizes the characteristics of the electromagnetic bandgap structure, applies it in the design to increase the isolation, and designs the electromagnetic bandgap unit constituting the electromagnetic bandgap structure into a concentric shape, according to the "T" type distribution, through simulation, It can be seen from the data analysis that the addition of the electromagnetic band gap structure has an obvious effect on the improvement of the isolation.
  • the same frequency band gap structure can be used for various mobile terminal operating frequency bands, that is, the filtering property can be utilized, and the clutter influence of other frequency bands can be excluded as much as possible. .
  • the electromagnetic bandgap structure of the present embodiment is a serial port hole structure, which is a mixture of a metal piece and an antenna substrate, and is similar to a PCB without a component.
  • the multiple input multiple output antenna of the present embodiment includes: an antenna substrate, a plurality of antenna units, a floor, and an electromagnetic bandgap structure; wherein the antenna elements are spacedly attached to the surface of the antenna substrate; the antenna substrate overlaps with the floor; and the electromagnetic band gap
  • the structure is disposed at a position between the two antenna elements of the antenna substrate, and the electrical tape gap structure is connected to the floor.
  • the electrical tape gap structure includes a plurality of electromagnetic bandgap cells, and the electromagnetic bandgap cells are periodically arranged between the two antenna elements.
  • the electric tape gap unit comprises a cylinder and a radiation ring, the radiation ring is concentric with the cylinder, and the radiation ring is sleeved
  • One end of the cylinder is provided with a through hole on the antenna substrate, and the cylindrical tube is inserted into the through hole to be connected to the floor, and the radiation ring is attached to the surface of the antenna substrate.
  • the radius of the cylinder is r
  • the radius of the radiation ring is R
  • r ⁇ R the portion where R is greater than r is the wall width of the radiation ring
  • the lateral spacing of the electrical tape gap elements is a
  • the longitudinal spacing is b.
  • a MIMO antenna for improving antenna isolation according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other.
  • the application hotspots of MIMO have been extended to the field of wireless communications including WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long Term Evolution).
  • a MIMO antenna is used for an LTE mobile terminal (commercial operating frequency is 2.6 GHz) as an example.
  • the MIMO antenna includes the antenna substrate 1, the antenna unit 2, and the floor 3.
  • the antenna unit 2 of the MIMO antenna in this example is designed as a bent structure, which has the advantages of effectively reducing the coupling between the antennas, reducing the size of the antenna, and the like.
  • the inverted "T" part is the floor 3 (here for perspective).
  • FIG. 2 is an overall plan view of a MIMO antenna with an electromagnetic bandgap structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: an antenna substrate 1, a plurality of antenna elements 2, a floor 3, and an electromagnetic bandgap structure 4, and an antenna unit 2 is spaced apart. Attached to the surface of the antenna substrate 1, the antenna substrate 1 is disposed to overlap the floor panel 3, and an electromagnetic band gap structure 4 is disposed at a position between the two antenna elements 2 of the antenna substrate 1, and the electrical tape gap structure 4 is connected to the floor panel 3. .
  • the antenna substrate 1 is made of various materials, such as epoxy resin sheets, epoxy glass sheets, and silicon insulating sheets.
  • Rogers RO3010 (Rogers high-frequency board) is selected, and the dielectric constant is 10.2.
  • the electrical tape gap structure 4 includes a plurality of electromagnetic band gap units, and the electrical tape gap units are periodically arranged between the two antenna elements 2.
  • the electromagnetic bandgap unit of the present embodiment includes a cylinder 41 and a radiation ring.
  • the radiation ring 42 is concentric with the cylinder 41.
  • the radiation ring 42 is sleeved at one end of the cylinder 41.
  • a through hole is formed in the antenna substrate 1.
  • the cylinder 41 is inserted into the through hole and connected to the floor 3.
  • the radiation ring 42 is attached.
  • Existing electromagnetic bandgap structures mostly use rectangular arrays due to rectangular arrays
  • the length of the medium rectangular unit (generally 5mm-10mm) has an obvious influence on the performance of the antenna. Obviously, the adjustment of the length requires a higher floor area. Concentric circles do not have such problems.
  • the height of the cylinder 41 can be determined according to the thickness of the antenna substrate 1, and the overall thickness is not exceeded.
  • the design is 2 mm
  • the radiation ring 42 is a metal conductor
  • the cylinder 41 is also selected from a metal medium such as aluminum or copper. In the present embodiment, the medium copper is selected.
  • Mobile terminals are becoming more and more compact, lighter and thinner, so the floor size is limited, and the number of electromagnetic bandgap units and the radius of the radiation ring 42 and the cylinder 41 can be selected according to the floor size.
  • R ⁇ lmm can be obtained, but since R is the radius of the radiation ring 42, 0.5 ⁇ R ⁇ 1, and the value of R is debugged in this interval, which can effectively improve the antenna parameters.
  • R 0.7 mm is selected.
  • the portion where R is larger than r is the wall width of the radiation ring 42.
  • the value of b is greater than 1 wavelength.
  • EBG Electromagnetic Band Gap
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a MIMO antenna with an electromagnetic bandgap structure.
  • the height of the cylinder 41 is the thickness of the electromagnetic bandgap structure 4, and the thickness depends on the thickness of the antenna substrate 1, only To ensure that the overall thickness does not exceed a certain range, the thickness of the electrical tape gap structure 4 can be adjusted, and the light and thin requirements of the mobile terminal are smoothly solved.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 on the return loss parameter of the MIMO antenna before adding
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 on the return loss parameter of the MIMO antenna.
  • the addition of the electrical tape gap structure 4 does not affect the resonant frequency of the antenna, and the si 1 parameters are all below -15 dB, which ensures the design requirements.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the influence of the electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 on the antenna isolation parameter before adding
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the influence of the electromagnetic bandgap structure 4 on the antenna isolation parameter.
  • the addition of the electrical tape gap structure 4 increased the isolation from 12dB to 26dB, an increase of 14dB.
  • the sl l and s22 parameters performance will not change significantly, such as In this case, sl l and s22 remain at 2.6 GHz and the amplitude is below -15 dB.
  • the isolation value is increased by 14 dB, which increases the radiation efficiency from 60.5% to 87.5%. Considering the limitations of the actual test conditions, the increase in isolation will be reduced, but the trend will not change, so it can provide some reference for future engineering practice.
  • a mobile terminal including: a housing and an antenna; wherein the antenna is disposed in the housing; the antenna includes an antenna substrate, a plurality of antenna units, an electrical tape gap structure, and a floor; On the surface of the antenna substrate; the antenna substrate is disposed to overlap the floor; and an electromagnetic band gap structure is disposed at a position between the two antenna elements of the antenna substrate, and the electrical tape gap structure is connected to the floor.
  • the electric tape gap structure comprises a plurality of electromagnetic band gap units; the electric tape gap unit comprises a cylindrical barrel and a radiation ring; the radiation ring is sleeved concentrically with one end of the cylindrical tube; the through hole is opened on the antenna substrate, and the cylindrical tube is worn The through hole is connected to the floor; and the radiation ring is attached to the surface of the antenna substrate.
  • the electrical tape gap unit is arranged in a T-shape on the antenna substrate with respect to the positive direction of the antenna unit.
  • the radius of the cylinder is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; the radius of the radiation ring is greater than 0.5 mm and less than 1 mm.
  • the lateral spacing between the electrical tape gap units is less than or equal to 0.75 mm; the longitudinal spacing between the electrical tape gap units is greater than one wavelength.
  • the isolation of the MIMO antenna can be improved, thereby increasing the radiation efficiency of each antenna unit and increasing the communication data transmission rate.

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种多输入多输出天线及移动终端。所述多输入多输出天线包括：天线基板、多个天线单元、电磁带隙结构和地板；其中，所述天线单元间隔地贴在所述天线基板的表面上；所述天线基板与地板重叠设置；以及在所述天线基板的两个天线单元之间的位置上设置所述电磁带隙结构，所述电磁带隙结构连接到所述地板。本发明实施例中，通过设置电磁带隙结构，能够提高多输入多输出天线的隔离度，以此来实现增加天线单元各自的辐射效率，以及提高通信数据传输速率。

Description

一种多输入多输出天线及移动终端
技术领域
本发明涉及移动终端通信技术， 尤其涉及一种多输入多输出 （ Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO ) 天线及移动终端。 背景技术
随着移动无线通信技术的飞速发展，对大容量的信息传输要求越来越高。 如何应对移动用户数量不断增长的问题，在不增加额外的频带带宽的情况下， 在匮乏的频谱资源条件下， 对数据进行高可靠性、 高速率、 高覆盖率的传输 已经成为当今无线通信领域一个重要而紧迫的研究课题。正是在这种背景下，
MIMO应运而生， MIMO能够数十倍甚至百倍地提高无线通信系统的容量和 频谱利用率， 能有效的对抗多径衰落， 成为当今新一代移动通信传输系统关 键的技术之一。 但与此同时， MIMO系统的移动终端安置多根天线时必须尽 量减小天线的尺寸， 而且还要满足相应的带宽、 增益和隔离度等电性能指标， 这样才能更好更准确地保证传输效率及辐射效率， 这对天线设计提出了较高 要求。
目前， 通常用来提高天线系统隔离度的方法主要有： （1 )将天线单元 设计成不同形状并严格设计天线摆放位置， 比如， 将天线单元垂直放置， 这 样有利于增加其极化特性及辐射特性， 从而实现每个天线的正常工作， 但是 这样具有局限性， 天线必须设计成不同结构； （2 )用微带线连接天线单元或 者馈电端口， 当天线单元被激励时， 电流在微带线部分聚集， 与地板耦合， 等效成具有频带截止特性的电感电容-滤波器系统，从而达到增加隔离度的目 的， 此种方法适用于微带贴片天线模型； （3 )采用多层辐射贴片分布在多层 不同介质板上， 在不同平面进行能量辐射， 大大减少了相互耦合， 这样需要 的整体厚度比较大； （4 )在地板开阵列矩形缝隙， 使电流聚集， 减少能量的 流动， 达到减小耦合增大隔离度的效果， 此种方法加工精度要求很高。
解决移动终端的多天线隔离度问题， 面临着面积小、 体积薄和辐射效率 高等挑战， 上文提到的已有的增大隔离度的方法各有利有弊， 但缺乏灵活性， 难以适应目前快速发展的通信行业现状， 亟待一种新的提高隔离度的方式。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种多输入多输出天线及移动终端， 能够提高 MIMO 天线的隔离度， 进而提高传输效率和辐射效率。
本发明实施例提供一种多输入多输出天线， 包括： 天线基板、 多个天线 单元、 电磁带隙结构和地板； 其中，
所述天线单元间隔地贴在所述天线基板的表面上； 所述天线基板与所述 地板重叠设置； 以及在所述天线基板的两个天线单元之间的位置上设置所述 电磁带隙结构， 所述电磁带隙结构连接到所述地板。
可选地， 所述电磁带隙结构包括多个电磁带隙单元； 所述电磁带隙单元 包括圓柱筒和辐射环； 所述辐射环与所述圓柱筒同心地套在所述圓柱筒的一 端部； 在所述天线基板上开设有通孔， 所述圓柱筒穿入所述通孔与所述地板 连接； 以及所述辐射环贴在所述天线基板的表面上。
可选地， 所述电磁带隙单元相对所述天线单元的正方向呈 T型地排列在 所述天线基板上。
可选地， 所述圓柱筒的半径小于等于 0.5mm; 所述辐射环的半径大于 0.5mm小于 lmm。
可选地， 所述电磁带隙单元之间的横向间距小于等于 0.75mm; 所述电磁 带隙单元之间的纵向间距大于 1个波长。
本发明实施例还提供一种一种移动终端， 包括： 壳体和天线； 其中， 所述天线设置在壳体中； 所述天线包括天线基板、 多个天线单元、 电磁 带隙结构和地板； 所述天线单元间隔地贴在所述天线基板的表面上； 所述天 线基板与所述地板重叠设置； 以及在所述天线基板的两个天线单元之间的位 置上设置所述电磁带隙结构， 所述电磁带隙结构连接到所述地板。
可选地， 所述电磁带隙结构包括多个电磁带隙单元； 所述电磁带隙单元 包括圓柱筒和辐射环；所述辐射环与圓柱筒同心地套在所述圓柱筒的一端部； 在所述天线基板上开设有通孔， 所述圓柱筒穿入所述通孔与所述地板连接； 以及所述辐射环贴在所述天线基板的表面上。
可选地， 所述电磁带隙单元相对所述天线单元的正方向呈 T型地排列在 所述天线基板上。
可选地， 所述圓柱筒的半径小于等于 0.5mm; 所述辐射环的半径大于 0.5mm小于 lmm。
可选地， 所述电磁带隙单元之间的横向间距小于等于 0.75mm; 所述电磁 带隙单元之间的纵向间距大于 1个波长。
综上所述， 本发明实施例中， 通过设置电磁带隙结构， 能够提高 MIMO 天线的隔离度， 以此来实现增加天线单元各自的辐射效率， 以及提高通信数 据传输速率。 另外，
( 1 )电磁带隙结构类似于一个印刷电路板（ Printed Circuit Board, PCB ) , 其制作工艺包括覆铜与过孔， 与 PCB制作工艺相同， 在加工时， 可并入天线 或者 PCB的加工中去， 加工成本与复杂度均在可接受范围内， 并且有效减少 了天线设计的复杂度。
( 2 )电磁带隙结构可以看作高阻电路， 可以减小表面波损耗， 提高了天 线的增益， 有效增加了辐射效率。
( 3 )天线基板的厚度在可接受范围内， 与以往天线单元分层放置在不同 介质板上相比也具有一定的实际意义， 电磁带隙结构呈 "Τ" 型排列， 所占面 积小， 结构简单， 适用性强， 更容易被采用。 附图概述
图 1为相关技术中多输入多输出天线的结构图；
图 2为本实施方式的多输入多输出天线的结构图；
图 3为本实施方式的多输入多输出天线中的电磁带隙单元的结构图； 图 4为本实施方式的多输入多输出天线的剖面图；
图 5是未加入电磁带隙结构时 ΜΙΜΟ天线的 sl l/s22示意图； 图 6是本实施方式的加入电磁带隙结构后 MIMO天线的 sl l/s22示意图； 图 7是未加入电磁带隙结构时 MIMO天线的 sl2/s21示意图；
图 8是本实施方式的加入电磁带隙结构后 MIMO天线的 sl2/s21示意图。 本发明的较佳实施方式
本实施方式旨在提供一种能够增加隔离度的多输入多输出天线， 通过采 用电磁带隙结构增加天线的隔离度。 电磁带隙结构是从光子带隙结构发展而 来的一种周期性结构。 电磁带隙结构能够在一定程度上控制电磁波的传播， 表现为在某些频段上阻止电磁波的传播， 具有一定的禁带特性。 本质上说， 电磁带隙结构是由不同介质、 金属或其混合体单元按周期排列构成的带阻滤 波器。 由于此特性的存在， 电磁带隙结构便可以应用于微带天线中， 设置在 天线单元之间作为高阻电路来抑制基底的表面波， 抑制高次谐波， 降低本天 线单元吸收到的其他天线单元辐射的能量， 增大隔离度。
本实施方式利用了电磁带隙结构的特性， 将其应用在增加隔离度的设计 中，并设计组成电磁带隙结构的电磁带隙单元为同心圆形状 ,按 "T"型分布 , 通过仿真， 由数据分析可以看出电磁带隙结构的加入对隔离度的提高起到了 明显的效果。
由于电磁带隙结构的作用相当于滤波器， 故相对各种不同的移动终端工 作频段， 只要釆用同频带隙结构， 即， 可利用其滤波的性质， 尽可能大地排 除其他频段的杂波影响。
本实施方式的电磁带隙结构是一种串口孔结构， 是金属片与天线基板的 混合体， 类似一个未烊接元器件的 PCB。
本实施方式的多输入多输出天线包括： 天线基板、 多个天线单元、 地板 和电磁带隙结构； 其中， 天线单元间隔地贴在天线基板的表面上； 天线基板 与地板重叠； 以及电磁带隙结构设置在天线基板的两个天线单元之间的位置 上， 电磁带隙结构连接到地板。 电磁带隙结构包括多个电磁带隙单元， 电磁 带隙单元周期性地排列在两个天线单元之间。
电磁带隙单元包括圓柱筒和辐射环， 辐射环与圓柱筒同心， 辐射环套在 圆柱筒的一端部， 在天线基板上开设有通孔， 圓柱筒穿入通孔与地板连接， 辐射环贴在天线基板的表面上。 圓柱筒的半径为 r,辐射环的半径为 R,其中， r<R, R大于 r的部分为辐射环的壁宽度， 电磁带隙单元的横向间距为 a, 纵 向间距为 b。
下面结合附图对本实施方式的提高天线隔离度的 MIMO天线进行说明。 需要说明的是， 在不沖突的情况下， 本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以 任意相互组合。
如图 1所示， 目前 MIMO的应用热点已经扩展到了包括 WiMAX ( World Interoperability for Microwave Access, 全球微波接入互操作性 )和 LTE ( Long Term Evolution, 长期演进）在内的无线通讯领域， 本文以 MIMO 天线用于 LTE的移动终端（商用工作频率在 2.6GHz )为例进行说明。相关技术中 MIMO 天线包括天线基板 1、 天线单元 2和地板 3 , 本例中的 MIMO天线的天线单 元 2设计成弯折结构， 具有有效减小天线之间的耦合， 缩小天线尺寸等优点， 图中倒 "T" 部分为地板 3 (此处为透视） 。
如图 2所示， 图 2为本实施方式的加入电磁带隙结构的 MIMO天线的整 体俯视图， 包括： 天线基板 1、 多个天线单元 2、 地板 3和电磁带隙结构 4, 天线单元 2间隔地贴在天线基板 1的表面上，天线基板 1与地板 3重叠设置， 在天线基板 1的两个天线单元 2之间的位置上设置电磁带隙结构 4， 电磁带 隙结构 4连接到地板 3。
天线基板 1采用的材料多种多样， 比如， 环氧树脂板、 环氧玻璃板和硅 制绝缘板等，此例中选择 Rogers RO3010 (罗杰斯高频板），介电常数为 10.2。
电磁带隙结构 4包括多个电磁带隙单元， 电磁带隙单元周期性地排列在 两个天线单元 2之间。
请参考图 2和图 3， 本实施方式的电磁带隙单元包括圓柱筒 41和辐射环
42, 辐射环 42与圓柱筒 41同心， 辐射环 42套在圓柱筒 41的一端部， 在天 线基板 1上开设有通孔， 圓柱筒 41穿入通孔与地板 3连接， 辐射环 42贴在 天线基板 1 的表面上。 已有的电磁带隙结构多采用矩形阵列， 由于矩形阵列 中矩形单元长度（一般为 5mm-10mm )对天线性能影响明显， 显然， 长度的 调节对地板面积要求较高。 而同心圓结构则不存在此类问题， 只要保证内外 径的差值， 即便地板尺寸再小， 也能找到适合的半径值， 且同心圓横纵间距 的调节也很灵活， 很好地解决了移动终端小型化的高要求。
圓柱筒 41的高度可依据天线基板 1的厚度确定，遵循总体厚度不超出实 用性原则， 此例中设计为 2mm, 辐射环 42为金属导体， 圓柱筒 41也选择金 属介质， 如铝、 铜等， 本实施方式中选择介质铜。
移动终端愈来愈趋于小型化， 轻薄化， 故地板尺寸有限， 可根据地板尺 寸来选择电磁带隙单元的个数、 及辐射环 42和圓柱筒 41的半径。
由实验总结可知， 经典电磁带隙结构列数为 3 , 在有限空间内横向间距 为 6mm (即 , 4a+6R=6 ) 时 , 每一排所占的 X方向长度要小于 2mm, (即 , a+2R<2 ) , 考虑到 r为两圓间距四分之一的经验原则， （即， r≤l/4 ( 2R+a ) ) 可得出 r≤0.5mm。
由 4a+6R=6和 a+2R<2可得出 R<lmm， 但由于 R是辐射环 42的半径， 故 0.5<R<1 , 在此区间调试 R的值， 可以有效改善天线参数， 如， sl l及隔离 度等， 本实施方式中选取 R=0.7mm。 R大于 r的部分为辐射环 42的壁宽。
由上式即可得到， a≤0.75mm, 取 a=0.45mm。
b的取值为大于 1个波长。 通过建模仿真电磁带隙（ Electromagnetic Band Gap, EBG )结构的电磁传输特性可知， 当 n≥5时， 具有很好的隔离特性， 由 于辐射能量主要集中在天线单元的弯折部分， 故当弯折部分结束时， 没有必 要再加入过多行， 以免产生冗余， 当 n增大时， 与 n=6时的带隙改善不明显， 本实施方式选择 n=6,由已知 r、R及挖空地板长度 17mm,可以得到 b=1.6mm。 为了保持 EBG的周期性， 下半部分的 b也选取 1.6mm。
综上所述， 本实施方式中选择 R=0.7mm, r=0.5mm; 由于阵列结构的纵 向间距对隔离度影响较大， 故设计时可适当调节间距横纵比， 本实施方式中 横向间距 a=0.45mm, 纵向间距 b=l .6mm。
如图 4所示， 图 4为加入电磁带隙结构的 MIMO天线的侧视图， 圓柱筒 41的高度即为电磁带隙结构 4的厚度， 此厚度依托于天线基板 1的厚度， 只 要保证整体厚度不超出一定范围， 电磁带隙结构 4的厚度即可调， 顺利地解 决了移动终端的轻薄化要求。
如图 5及图 6所示， 图 5为电磁带隙结构 4加入前对 MIMO天线回波损 耗参数的影响示意图， 图 6为电磁带隙结构 4加入后对 MIMO天线回波损耗 参数的影响示意图。 电磁带隙结构 4的加入， 并未影响天线的谐振频率， 而 且 si 1参数均在 -15dB以下， 保证了设计要求。
如图 7及图 8所示， 图 7为电磁带隙结构 4加入前对天线隔离度参数的 影响示意图， 图 8为电磁带隙结构 4加入后对天线隔离度参数的影响示意图。 电磁带隙结构 4的加入， 使隔离度从 12dB增大到 26dB， 提高了 14dB。
综上所述， 当其他条件完全相同时， 在同一款 MIMO天线中， 未加电磁 带隙结构与加入了电磁带隙结构两种情况下， sl l和 s22参数性能不会有显著 变化， 如， 本例中前后两种情况下 sl l和 s22依然保持在 2.6GHz, 且振幅在 -15dB 以下； 但是隔离度值却增加了 14dB, 这使辐射效率从 60.5%提高到 87.5%。 考虑到实际测试时条件的限制， 隔离度的增加值会有所降低， 但其趋 势不会变， 故可为以后工程实践提供一定参考。
本实施方式中还提供了一种移动终端， 包括： 壳体和天线； 其中， 天线 设置在壳体中； 天线包括天线基板、 多个天线单元、 电磁带隙结构和地板； 天线单元间隔地贴在天线基板的表面上； 天线基板与地板重叠设置； 以及在 天线基板的两个天线单元之间的位置上设置电磁带隙结构， 电磁带隙结构连 接到地板。
电磁带隙结构包括多个电磁带隙单元； 电磁带隙单元包括圓柱筒和辐射 环； 辐射环与圓柱筒同心地套在圆柱筒的一端部； 在天线基板上开设有通孔， 圓柱筒穿入通孔与地板连接； 以及辐射环贴在天线基板的表面上。
电磁带隙单元相对天线单元的正方向呈 T型地排列在天线基板上。
圓柱筒的半径小于等于 0.5mm; 辐射环的半径大于 0.5mm小于 lmm。 电磁带隙单元之间的横向间距小于等于 0.75mm; 电磁带隙单元之间的纵 向间距大于 1个波长。 以上所述， 仅为本发明专利的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不 局限于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内， 根 据本发明实施例的技术方案加以等同替换或改变， 这些等同替换或改变都应 涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明实施例中， 通过设置电磁带隙结构， 能够提高 MIMO天线的隔离 度， 以此来实现增加天线单元各自的辐射效率， 以及提高通信数据传输速率。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种多输入多输出天线， 包括： 天线基板、 多个天线单元、 电磁带隙 结构和地板； 其中，
所述天线单元间隔地贴在所述天线基板的表面上； 所述天线基板与所述 地板重叠设置； 以及在所述天线基板的两个天线单元之间的位置上设置所述 电磁带隙结构， 所述电磁带隙结构连接到所述地板。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的多输入多输出天线， 其中，
所述电磁带隙结构包括多个电磁带隙单元； 所述电磁带隙单元包括圓柱 筒和辐射环； 所述辐射环与所述圆柱筒同心地套在所述圆柱筒的一端部； 在 所述天线基板上开设有通孔， 所述圓柱筒穿入所述通孔与所述地板连接； 以 及所述辐射环贴在所述天线基板的表面上。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的多输入多输出天线， 其中， 所述电磁带隙单元相 对所述天线单元的正方向呈 T型地排列在所述天线基板上。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的多输入多输出天线， 其中， 所述圓柱筒的半径小 于等于 0.5mm; 所述辐射环的半径大于 0.5mm小于 lmm。
5、 如权利要求 3所述的多输入多输出天线， 其中， 所述电磁带隙单元之 间的横向间距小于等于 0.75mm; 所述电磁带隙单元之间的纵向间距大于 1个 波长。
6、 一种移动终端， 包括： 壳体和天线； 其中，
所述天线设置在壳体中； 所述天线包括天线基板、 多个天线单元、 电磁 带隙结构和地板； 所述天线单元间隔地贴在所述天线基板的表面上； 所述天 线基板与所述地板重叠设置； 以及在所述天线基板的两个天线单元之间的位 置上设置所述电磁带隙结构， 所述电磁带隙结构连接到所述地板。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的移动终端， 其中，
所述电磁带隙结构包括多个电磁带隙单元； 所述电磁带隙单元包括圓柱 筒和辐射环； 所述辐射环与圓柱筒同心地套在所述圓柱筒的一端部； 在所述 天线基板上开设有通孔， 所述圆柱筒穿入所述通孔与所述地板连接； 以及所 述辐射环贴在所述天线基板的表面上。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的移动终端， 其中， 所述电磁带隙单元相对所述天 线单元的正方向呈 T型地排列在所述天线基板上。
9、 如权利要求 7 所述的移动终端， 其中， 所述圓柱筒的半径小于等于 0.5mm; 所述辐射环的半径大于 0.5mm小于 lmm。
10、 如权利要求 8所述的移动终端， 其中， 所述电磁带隙单元之间的横 向间距小于等于 0.75mm; 所述电磁带隙单元之间的纵向间距大于 1个波长。
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