WO2013185447A1 - 销轴、销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备 - Google Patents

销轴、销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013185447A1
WO2013185447A1 PCT/CN2012/085865 CN2012085865W WO2013185447A1 WO 2013185447 A1 WO2013185447 A1 WO 2013185447A1 CN 2012085865 W CN2012085865 W CN 2012085865W WO 2013185447 A1 WO2013185447 A1 WO 2013185447A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pin
pin shaft
shaft
openings
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/085865
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李乡安
邝昊
黄柯
余德海
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2013185447A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013185447A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of processing of pins, and more particularly to a pin shaft, a pin mounting structure, and a concrete pumping apparatus.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the prior art, it is generally necessary to connect two parts through a pin to transmit a load.
  • the boom of the concrete pump truck and the concrete distributor will be taken as an example to explain the connection mode of the pin.
  • the boom includes a first pitch arm 200' and a second pitch arm 300', and the first pitch arm 200' and the second pitch arm 300' are coupled by a pin 100'.
  • the second arm 300' includes an upper cover 310', a lower cover 320', a web 330', and a sleeve housing.
  • the pin shaft 100' is coupled to the sleeve seat 340' via a sleeve 360' to prevent wear of the pin shaft 100' and the sleeve seat 340' during relative rotation.
  • the pin 100' connects the boom structure to the link 400' to transfer the boom load to the link 400'.
  • a chuck 370' is provided on the end surface of the pin 100', and the pin 100' can be caught by the card 370' to prevent it from coming off. Since the prior art pin 100' employs a solid shaft, the following disadvantages exist:
  • the pin Since the cross-section stress is linearly distributed under the bending moment, and the greater the stress from the neutral layer, the lower the stress from the central layer, the material is not fully utilized. Especially when the pin is long, the pin is particularly bulky (for example, up to several hundred kilograms), which is not conducive to the weight reduction of the boom system, and is also inconvenient to install and disassemble, and has high labor intensity.
  • the present invention is directed to a pin and pin mounting structure and a concrete pumping device to solve the problems of large pin weight, inconvenient installation and disassembly, and high labor intensity in the prior art.
  • a pin shaft which is divided into a plurality of regions along an axial direction thereof, the region including a first region which is only subjected to a bending moment during operation, and a pin
  • the shaft includes a plurality of openings in the first region that are radially open along the pin shaft, and the plurality of openings extend in the first region along the axial direction of the pin. Further, the plurality of openings intersect within the pin and form a cavity. Further, a plurality of openings are distributed along the circumference of the pin. Further, the plurality of openings are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the pin. Further, the number of openings is n, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, the diameter of the pin is D, the width of the opening is d, and the depth of the opening is H,
  • the area further includes a second area, the second area including the body and the axial center disposed in the body, and the second area is subjected to both shearing action and bending moment during operation.
  • the body and the shaft are integrally formed.
  • the body and the shaft are detachably connected.
  • the shaft is threaded, connected, or welded to the body. Step by step, a hole is formed in the shaft center.
  • a pin mounting structure is provided, including a first connecting member and a second connecting member, the first connecting member and the second connecting member being connected by a pin, the pin being the above Pin.
  • a concrete pumping apparatus comprising a boom, the boom comprising a plurality of pitch arms, the adjacent two pitch arms being coupled by a pin, the pin being the pin.
  • the invention reduces the weight of the pin shaft by using the opening provided on the side wall of the pin shaft, reduces the labor intensity, and brings great convenience to the installation and disassembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the connection of a boom of a concrete pump truck and a distributing machine in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Fig. 1
  • 2 is a cross-sectional view of the BB
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a simple beam model of the pin and a corresponding relationship between the shear force and the bending moment
  • FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a sectional stress distribution when the pin is bent;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pin shaft in the first embodiment using the pin shaft of the present invention;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the left side view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of Figure 5
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pin shaft in a second embodiment of the pin shaft of the present invention;
  • FIG. 10 is a view schematically showing the structure of the first type of shaft core portion.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second type of axial portion;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a third axial portion;
  • FIG. 13 is a view schematically showing the use of the pin in the present invention Schematic diagram of the pin shaft in the third embodiment; Fig. 14 schematically shows a pin having three openings Sectional view; and a cross-sectional view of FIG. 15 schematically shows a four pin opening.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • a pin is provided as a first aspect of the invention.
  • the pin 100 is divided into a plurality of regions along its axial direction, the region including a first region that is only subjected to a bending moment during operation, and the pin 100 includes A plurality of openings 170 are defined in the first region along the radial direction of the pin 100, and the plurality of openings 170 extend in the axial direction of the pin in the first region.
  • the invention reduces the weight of the pin shaft by using the opening provided on the side wall of the pin shaft, reduces the labor intensity, and brings great convenience to the installation and disassembly.
  • Fig. 4 shows a simple supported beam model of the pin and a corresponding relationship between the shear force and the bending moment. Wherein, the structure shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 can be simplified to the simply supported beam shown in part (a) of FIG. 4, wherein P is a load, and the end of the simply supported beam corresponds to the connecting rod 400', between the two ends The fulcrum is equivalent to the sleeve seat 340'.
  • FIG. 4 is a shear force diagram of the simply supported beam when subjected to the load P
  • (c) is a bending moment diagram of the simply supported beam when subjected to the load P.
  • the portion L1 between the connecting rod 400' and the sleeve seat 340' is affected by the shearing force and the bending moment, and the portion L2 between the two sleeve housings 340' is only subjected to the bending moment PL1. .
  • the section stress under the bending moment is linearly distributed, and the further the stress is from the neutral layer C, the greater the stress.
  • the shear strength high stress region appears at both ends of the solid pin shaft (ie, at the sleeve seat 340'), and the circumferential outer surface region between the two shaft sleeve seats 340' exhibits a tensile stress high stress region, and the center
  • the stress around the axis is low and the material is not fully utilized.
  • the stress at the left and right end faces of the pin is low. Therefore, it is conceivable to excavate (ie, hollow out) the material with a lower central axis and a lower end surface stress.
  • the plurality of openings 170 intersect within the interior of the pin 100 and form a cavity 120.
  • the openings 170 may not be interpenetrated, and the same purpose can be achieved.
  • the plurality of openings 170 are distributed along the circumference of the pin 100, and preferably, the plurality of openings 170 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the pin 100.
  • a plurality of openings 170 are disposed in the radial direction of the pin.
  • the number of openings 170 is three (refer to FIG. 14) or four (refer to FIG. 15).
  • the opening 170 extends in the axial direction of the side wall.
  • the opening 170 may be opened on the solid pin in such a manner that the outer surface of the solid pin is directly hollowed out, thereby forming the opening 170 while forming the cavity 120 inside the solid pin.
  • the more material of the portion of the pin that is closer to the central axis is hollowed out, the less it is hollowed out from the central axis. In this way, not only the surplus material is removed, the quality of the pin shaft is reduced, and the processability is ensured.
  • the invention can conveniently form the cavity 120 in the middle of the pin body by forming a plurality of openings on the pin body of the pin shaft, thereby reducing the weight of the pin shaft, improving the stress of the pin shaft, and reducing labor.
  • the number of openings 170 is n, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, the diameter of the pin 100 is D, and the width of the opening 170 is d, the opening 170 Depth is H, Bay 1J
  • the size of the cavity 120 can be controlled to control the strength and weight of the hollow portion of the pin.
  • the first region is only affected by the bending moment.
  • the region further includes a second region, the second region including the body and the axial portion 130 disposed within the body. The second zone is subjected to both shearing forces and bending moments during operation. That is, the cavity 120 is disposed at a portion of the pin 100 that is only affected by the bending moment.
  • the shaft center portion 130 is provided at a portion of the pin shaft 100 that is subjected to shearing force and bending moment.
  • the number of the cavity 120 and the axial portion 130 corresponds to the number of the first and second regions of the pin 100.
  • the pin 100 has two first regions, and the number of the cavities 120 is two.
  • an oil passage 140 is formed on the pin shaft.
  • the invention utilizes the axial center portion 130 against the shear load, and utilizes the region corresponding to the cavity 120 to resist the bending moment load, so that the material of the pin shaft is optimally distributed, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the pin weight. For example, it is possible to effectively reduce the weight of the pin by more than 60%.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the pin shaft can be sufficiently tempered and quenched, thereby increasing the strength of the shaft center portion, thereby increasing the overall strength of the pin shaft.
  • the body is detachably coupled to the shaft portion 130.
  • a mounting hole 150 for mounting the shaft center portion 130 is formed on the body, and the mounting hole 150 is in communication with the cavity 120. That is, the axial portion 130 may be fixed as a separate member in the mounting hole 150 to be formed at the end of the cavity 120.
  • the shaft center portion 130 is threaded, interference-fitted, welded, or the like with the body (particularly the mounting hole 150).
  • a threaded hole can be machined into the mounting hole 150, and then the shaft portion 130 is threadedly mounted to the inside of the mounting hole 150 for disassembly.
  • a recess 180 is formed at the end of the mounting hole 150.
  • the recess 180 can be placed at a position corresponding to the end cap of the pin, on the one hand reducing the weight and on the other hand improving the stress situation.
  • the pin 100 can have a thinner side wall, so that the yield strength of the pin is not lowered due to the quenching of the pin and the limited depth of the quenching process.
  • the lock shaft When mounting, the lock shaft can be assembled to the boom first, then the shaft portion 130 is installed into the mounting hole 150, and the recess 180 is formed at both ends, thereby reducing the labor intensity of assembly and disassembly.
  • the mounting position of the mounting hole 150 and the cavity 120 forms a limiting portion 160. Since the stopper portion 160 can better limit the position of the shaft center portion 130 so as not to be pulsated in the axial direction of the pin shaft 100 due to the force. At the same time, at the time of installation, the installer can easily mount the shaft center portion 130 through the stopper portion 160.
  • the limiting portion 160 may be a step. In particular, the step may be chamfered or rounded.
  • the diameter of the side arm corresponding to the cavity 120 may be designed to be smaller than the diameter corresponding to the axial center portion, that is, the outer contour design of the pin shaft.
  • the core portion 130 may be of a solid structure or a hollow structure. 10-12 show schematic views of the structure of the axial center portion 130 of three different forms of hollow structures, and the axial center portion 130 is provided with a hole 131.
  • the axial center portion 130 in FIG. 10 is a hollow cylindrical structure
  • the axial center portion 130 in FIG. 11 is a hollow cylindrical structure having a tapered surface 132
  • the hub portion 130 is integrally formed with the body.
  • the shaft center portion 130 is directly formed on the pin shaft 100, and therefore has the characteristics of simple processing and high strength.
  • the one-piece forming method can ensure good workability (for example, avoiding the welding process because the pin material is poor in welding performance and the strength after welding is not guaranteed), and the pin shaft has the strength of the base material.
  • the end of the pin 100 is provided with a recess 180.
  • the recess 180 can be placed at a position corresponding to the end cap of the pin, on the one hand reducing the weight and on the other hand improving the stress situation.
  • the pin used in the present invention can be applied to concrete equipment (especially concrete pump trucks and concrete spreaders), for example, the connection between the arms and the arms, the connection between the links and the arms, etc., so that The load of one component is passed to the other component.
  • a pin mounting structure including a first connecting member and a second connecting member, the first connecting member and the second connecting member being connected by a pin, the pin being the above The pin in the embodiment.
  • the pin passes through the side arms of the first and second connectors, and the side walls of the first and second connectors are disposed at the position of the axial portion 130 of the pin.
  • the first connector and the second connector are the pitch arms of the concrete pumping device.
  • the first connector and the second connector are not limited to the pitch arms in the concrete pumping apparatus, nor to the field of concrete pumping equipment. As long as it is two parts of the mechanical device that need to be connected by a pin, it can be regarded as the first connecting member and the second connecting member in the present invention.
  • a concrete pumping apparatus comprising a boom, the boom comprising a plurality of pitch arms, the adjacent two pitch arms being connected by a pin shaft, wherein the pin shaft is in the above embodiments Pin.
  • the concrete pumping device may be a concrete pump truck or the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

一种销轴、销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备。销轴(100)沿其轴向分为多个区域,区域包括工作时仅受弯矩的作用的第一区域,销轴(100)包括多个位于第一区域内的、沿销轴(100)的径向开设的开口(170),且多个开口(170)在第一区域内沿销轴的轴向延伸。该销轴通过设置在销轴侧壁上的开口减少了销轴的重量,减轻了劳动强度,给安装拆卸带来了很大方便。

Description

销轴、 销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备 技术领域 本发明涉及销轴的加工领域, 更具体地, 涉及一种销轴、 销轴的安装结构和混凝 土泵送设备。 背景技术 现有技术中, 通常需要将两个部分通过销轴连接起来, 以传递栽荷。 下面以混凝 土泵车和混凝土布料机的臂架为例, 对销轴的连接方式进行说明。 如图 1所示, 臂架包括第一节臂 200'和第二节臂 300', 第一节臂 200'和第二节臂 300'通过销轴 100'连接。 如图 1-3所示, 第二节臂 300'包括上盖板 310'、 下盖板 320'、 腹板 330'和轴套座
340'。 上盖板 310'、 下盖板 320'和腹板 330'组成封装的箱型, 轴套座 340'安装在腹板 330'上, 两个轴套座 340'之间通过轴套板 350'连接, 以增强轴套座 340'的稳定性。 销 轴 100'通过轴套 360'与轴套座 340'连接, 以防止销轴 100'、轴套座 340'在相对转动的 过程中产生磨损。 其中, 销轴 100'将臂架结构与连杆 400'连接起来, 从而将臂架载荷 传递给连杆 400'。 另外, 在销轴 100'的端面设置有卡板 370', 通过卡板 370'可以将销 轴 100'卡住, 以防止其脱落。 由于现有技术中的销轴 100'采用的是实心轴, 因此存在以下缺点:
( 1 ) 由于在弯矩作用下截面应力成线性分布, 且离中性层越远应力越大, 离中心 层较近的区域的应力较低, 因此材料没有得到充分的利用。 特别当销轴较长时, 销轴 特别笨重(例如可达几百公斤), 不利于臂架系统减重, 同时也不便于安装和拆卸, 劳 动强度大。
(2) 由于销轴的淬火和调质工艺的深度有限, 当实心销轴的直径比较大时, 整体 屈服强度会大大降低。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种销轴、 销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备, 以解决现有技术 中销轴重量大、 安装拆卸不便、 劳动强度大的问题。 为解决上述技术问题, 根据本发明的第一个方面, 提供了一种销轴, 销轴沿其轴 向分为多个区域, 区域包括工作时仅受弯矩的作用的第一区域, 销轴包括多个位于第 一区域内的、沿销轴的径向开设的开口, 且多个开口在第一区域内沿销轴的轴向延伸。 进一步地, 多个开口在销轴的内部相交并形成腔体。 进一步地, 多个开口沿销轴的周向分布。 进一步地, 多个开口沿销轴的周向均匀分布。 进一步地, 开口的个数为 n, 其中 n为大于或等于 2的自然数, 销轴的直径为 D, 开口的宽度为 d, 开口的深度为 H, 贝 lj
2 2 进—步地, 区域还包括第二区域, 第二区域包括本体和设置在本体内的轴心部 进—步地, 第二区域在工作时同时承受剪力作用和弯矩作用。 进—步地, 本体与轴心部一体成型。 进—步地, 本体与轴心部可拆卸地连接。 进—步地, 轴心部与本体螺纹连接、 过盈连接、 或焊接。 进—步地, 轴心部上设置有孔。 根据本发明的第二个方面, 提供了一种销轴的安装结构, 包括第一连接件和第二 连接件, 第一连接件和第二连接件通过销轴连接, 该销轴是上述的销轴。 进一步地, 销轴穿过第一连接件和第二连接件的侧臂, 第一连接件和第二连接件 的侧壁设置在销轴的轴心部的位置处。 进一步地, 第一连接件和第二连接件是混凝土泵送设备的节臂。 根据本发明的第三个方面, 提供了一种混凝土泵送设备, 包括臂架, 臂架包括多 个节臂, 相邻两个节臂通过销轴连接, 该销轴是上述的销轴。 本发明利用设置在销轴的侧壁上的开口减少了销轴的重量, 减轻了劳动强度, 给 安装拆卸带来了很大方便。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1示意性示出了现有技术中的混凝土泵车和布料机的臂架的连接示意图; 图 2示意性示出了图 1的 A-A剖视图; 图 3示意性示出了图 2的 B-B剖视图; 图 4示意性示出了销轴的简支梁模型及其剪力和弯矩的对应关系图; 图 5示意性示出了销轴受弯时的截面应力分布图; 图 6示意性示出了采用本发明中的销轴的第一实施例中的销轴的结构示意图; 图 7示意性示出了图 5的左视图; 图 8示意性示出了图 5中未安装轴心部时的示意图; 图 9示意性示出了采用本发明中销轴的第二实施例中的销轴的结构示意图; 图 10示意性示出了第一种轴心部的结构示意图; 图 11示意性示出了第二种轴心部的结构示意图; 图 12示意性示出了第三种轴心部的结构示意图; 图 13示意性示出了采用本发明中销轴的第三实施例中的销轴的结构示意图; 图 14示意性示出了具有三个开口的销轴的剖视图; 以及 图 15示意性示出了具有四个开口的销轴的剖视图。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明, 但是本发明可以由权利要求限定 和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。 作为本发明的第一个方面, 提供了一种销轴。 如图 6、 7和 13所示, 销轴 100沿 其轴向分为多个区域, 该区域包括工作时仅受弯矩的作用的第一区域, 销轴 100包括 多个位于第一区域内的、 沿销轴 100的径向开设的开口 170, 且多个开口 170在第一 区域内沿销轴的轴向延伸。本发明利用设置在销轴的侧壁上的开口减少了销轴的重量, 减轻了劳动强度, 给安装拆卸带来了很大方便。 图 4示出了销轴的简支梁模型及其剪力和弯矩的对应关系图。 其中, 图 2所示的 结构可以简化为图 4中 (a) 部分所示的简支梁, 其中, P为负载, 简支梁的端部相当 于连杆 400', 两个端部之间的支点相当于轴套座 340'。 进一步地, 图 4中的 (b) 为 该简支梁在受到负载 P的作用时的剪力图, (c) 为简支梁在受到负载 P的作用时的弯 矩图。 由图 4可知, 连杆 400'与轴套座 340'之间的部分 L1受到剪力和弯矩的共同作 用, 在两个轴套座 340'之间的部分 L2仅受到弯矩 PL1的作用。 由材料力学可知, 如 图 5所示, 弯矩作用下的截面应力成线性分布, 且离中性层 C越远应力越大。 请结合图 2, 实心销轴的两端 (即轴套座 340'处) 出现剪力高应力区, 两轴套座 340'之间的圆周外表面区域出现拉压应力高应力区, 且中心轴线周围应力较低, 材料 没有得到充分利用, 此外, 销轴左、 右端面处的应力较低。 故可考虑将中心轴线和两 端面应力较低区域材料挖除 (即镂空)。 优选地, 多个开口 170在销轴 100的内部相交并形成腔体 120。 当然, 开口 170 也可以不是相互贯通的, 同样能够起到减轻重量的目的。 优选地, 多个开口 170沿销 轴 100的周向分布, 优选地, 多个开口 170沿销轴 100的周向均匀分布。 优选地, 多 个开口 170沿销轴的径向设置。 优选地, 开口 170的个数为 3个 (请参考图 14) 或 4 个 (请参考图 15 )。 优选地, 开口 170沿侧壁的轴向延伸。 可以采用将实心销轴外表 面直接镂空的方式, 将开口 170开设在实心销轴上, 从而在实心销轴的内部形成腔体 120的同时形成开口 170。 优选地, 销轴的离中心轴越近的部分的材料被镂空得越多, 离中心轴线较远的地方被镂空得越少。 这样, 不仅去除了富余的材料, 减轻了销轴的 质量, 还保证了具有良好的工艺性。 本发明可以方便地在销轴的销体上通过形成多个开口的方式, 在销体的中部形成 腔体 120, 从而减轻了销轴的重量, 改善了销轴的受力情况, 降低了劳动强度, 安装 拆卸起来十分方便。 在一个优选的实施例中, 如图 14所示, 开口 170的个数为 n, 其中 n为大于或等 于 2的自然数, 销轴 100的直径为 D, 开口 170的宽度为 d, 开口 170的深度为 H, 贝 1J
TT D d ,180、
H =— +— x cot( ~ )
2 2 n 通过合理控制开口 170的深度, 可以控制腔体 120的大小, 从而控制销轴的镂空 部分的强度和重量。 优选地, 第一区域仅受弯矩的作用。 优选地, 该区域还包括第二区域, 第二区域 包括本体和设置在本体内的轴心部 130。 第二区域在工作时同时承受剪力作用和弯矩 作用。 也就是说, 腔体 120设置在销轴 100的仅受弯矩作用的部位。 轴心部 130设置 在销轴 100的同时受到剪力和弯矩作用的部位。 特别地, 腔体 120和轴心部 130的个 数与销轴 100的第一区域和第二区域的个数相对应。 例如, 销轴 100具有两个第一区 域, 那么腔体 120的个数为两个。 进一步地, 如图 6所示, 销轴上形成有油道 140。 本发明利用轴心部 130抵抗剪力载荷, 利用腔体 120所对应的区域抵抗弯矩载荷, 从而使销轴的材料得到了最优分布, 实现了减少销轴重量的目的。 例如, 可有效减轻 销轴 60%以上的重量。 另外, 利用本发明中的销轴是空心的, 可以使销轴的内外表面 都得到充分地调质和淬火, 从而提高轴心部的强度, 因此增加了销轴的整体强度。 在图 6和图 7所示的一个实施例中, 本体与轴心部 130可拆卸地连接。 例如, 本 体上形成用于安装轴心部 130的安装孔 150, 安装孔 150与腔体 120连通。 也就是说, 轴心部 130可以作为一个单独的部件固定在安装孔 150内, 从而形成在腔体 120的端 部。 优选地, 轴心部 130与本体 (特别是安装孔 150) 螺纹连接、 过盈连接、 或焊接 等。 例如, 可以在安装孔 150内加工出螺纹孔, 然后将轴心部 130通过螺纹安装到安 装孔 150的内部, 以便于拆卸。 当轴心部 130安装到安装孔 150后, 在安装孔 150的 端部形成凹部 180。 该凹部 180可以设置在对应于销轴的端盖的位置, 一方面减轻了 重量, 另一方面改善了应力情况。 同时, 由于采用了安装孔 150, 可以使销轴 100具 有较薄厚度的侧壁, 因此不会由于销轴的淬火和调质工艺深度有限的原因, 使销轴的 屈服强度降低。 安装时, 可先将锁轴装配到臂架上, 然后将轴心部 130安装到安装孔 150内, 并在两端形成凹部 180, 从而减轻了装配和拆卸的劳动强度。 优选地, 请参考图 8和图 9, 安装孔 150与腔体 120的过渡位置形成限位部 160。 由于限位部 160可以更好地限制轴心部 130的位置, 使其不会因受力沿销轴 100的轴 向窜动。 同时, 在安装的时候, 安装人员也很容易通过限位部 160使轴心部 130安装 到位。 优选地, 限位部 160可以是台阶, 特别地, 该台阶可以是倒角式的, 也可以是 圆角式的。 优选地, 如图 9所示, 为了方便装配、 油道布置或减重, 可将腔体 120所对应的 侧臂的直径设计成小于轴心部所对应的直径, 即将销轴的外轮廓设计成 *铃状。 轴心部 130可以是实心结构的, 也可以是空心结构的。 图 10-12示出了三种不同 形式的空心结构的轴心部 130的结构示意图, 轴心部 130上设置有孔 131。 其中, 图 10中的轴心部 130是空心柱面结构, 图 11中的轴心部 130是具有锥面 132的空心柱 面结构, 图 12中的轴心部 130是具有弧面 133的空心柱面结构。采用空心结构, 可以 便于油道设计, 并能减轻重量。 优选地, 图 13所示的实施例中, 轴心部 130与本体一体成形。 在本实施例中, 轴 心部 130直接成形在销轴 100上, 因此, 具有加工简便、 强度高的特点。 另外, 采用 一体成形的方式, 可以在保证良好的工艺性 (例如, 避免了焊接工艺, 因为销轴材料 焊接性能差, 焊接后的强度不能保证) 的同时, 保证销轴具有母材的强度。 优选地, 如图 13所示, 销轴 100的端部设置有凹部 180。 该凹部 180可以设置在 对应于销轴的端盖的位置, 一方面减轻了重量, 另一方面改善了应力情况。 特别地, 使用本发明中的销轴可应用于混凝土设备中 (特别是混凝土泵车和混凝 土布料机), 例如, 臂与臂之间的连接、 连杆与臂之间的连接等, 以便将一个部件的载 荷传递给另一个部件。 作为本发明的第二个方面, 提供了一种销轴的安装结构, 包括第一连接件和第二 连接件, 第一连接件和第二连接件通过销轴连接, 该销轴是上述各实施例中的销轴。 优选地, 销轴穿过第一连接件和第二连接件的侧臂, 第一连接件和第二连接件的侧壁 设置在销轴的轴心部 130的位置处。 优选地, 第一连接件和所述第二连接件是混凝土 泵送设备的节臂。 特别地, 第一连接件和第二连接件并不限于混凝土泵送设备中的节 臂, 也不限于混凝土泵送设备领域。只要是机械设备中需要通过销轴连接的两个部件, 均可视为本发明中的第一连接件和第二连接件。 作为本发明的第三个方面, 提供了一种混凝土泵送设备, 包括臂架, 臂架包括多 个节臂, 相邻两个节臂通过销轴连接, 该销轴是上述各实施例中的销轴。 特别地, 混 凝土泵送设备可以是混凝土泵车等。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种销轴, 其特征在于, 所述销轴 (100)沿其轴向分为多个区域, 所述区域包括 工作时仅受弯矩的作用的第一区域, 所述销轴(100)包括多个位于所述第一区域 内的、 沿所述销轴 (100) 的径向开设的开口 (170), 且所述多个开口 (170) 在 所述第一区域内沿所述销轴的轴向延伸。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的销轴,其特征在于,所述多个开口(170)在所述销轴(100) 的内部相交并形成腔体 (120)。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的销轴,其特征在于,所述多个开口(170)沿所述销轴(100) 的周向分布。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的销轴,其特征在于,所述多个开口(170)沿所述销轴(100) 的周向均匀分布。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述开口 (170) 的个数为 n, 其中 n 为大于或等于 2的自然数, 所述销轴 (100) 的直径为 D, 所述开口 (170) 的宽 度为 d, 所述开口 (170) 的深度为 H, 则
2 2 « 。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述区域还包括第二区域, 所述第 二区域包括本体和设置在所述本体内的轴心部 (130)。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的销轴 , 其特征在于, 所述第二区域在工作时同时承受剪 力作用和弯矩作用。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述本体与所述轴心部(130)—体 成型。
9. 根据权利要求 6所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述本体与所述轴心部(130)可拆 卸地连接。 根据权利要求 9所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述轴心部(130)与所述本体螺纹 连接、 过盈连接、 或焊接。
11. 根据权利要求 9所述的销轴,其特征在于,所述轴心部(130)上设置有孔(131 )。
12. 一种销轴的安装结构, 包括第一连接件和第二连接件, 所述第一连接件和所述 第二连接件通过销轴连接, 其特征在于, 所述销轴是权利要求 1-11中任一项所 述的销轴。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述安装结构,其特征在于,所述销轴穿过所述第一连接件和 所述第二连接件的侧臂, 所述第一连接件和所述第二连接件的侧壁设置在所述 销轴的轴心部 (130) 的位置处。
14. 根据权利要求 12或 13所述安装结构, 其特征在于, 所述第一连接件和所述第 二连接件是混凝土泵送设备的节臂。
15. 一种混凝土泵送设备, 包括臂架, 所述臂架包括多个节臂, 相邻两个所述节臂 通过销轴连接, 其特征在于, 所述销轴是权利要求 1-11中任一项所述的销轴。
PCT/CN2012/085865 2012-06-13 2012-12-04 销轴、销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备 Ceased WO2013185447A1 (zh)

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WO2016078706A1 (de) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-26 Schwing Gmbh Mastarm mit hebelgetriebe

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