WO2013185264A1 - 相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置和方法 - Google Patents

相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置和方法 Download PDF

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WO2013185264A1
WO2013185264A1 PCT/CN2012/000990 CN2012000990W WO2013185264A1 WO 2013185264 A1 WO2013185264 A1 WO 2013185264A1 CN 2012000990 W CN2012000990 W CN 2012000990W WO 2013185264 A1 WO2013185264 A1 WO 2013185264A1
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analyzer
distribution
phase delay
fast axis
tested
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PCT/CN2012/000990
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曾爱军
刘龙海
朱玲琳
黄惠杰
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中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
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Priority to EP12878709.0A priority Critical patent/EP2863200B1/en
Publication of WO2013185264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013185264A1/zh
Priority to US14/455,860 priority patent/US9297744B2/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/21Polarisation-affecting properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J9/00Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/02Testing optical properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/21Polarisation-affecting properties
    • G01N21/23Bi-refringence
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J4/00Measuring polarisation of light
    • G01J4/02Polarimeters of separated-field type; Polarimeters of half-shadow type
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/21Polarisation-affecting properties
    • G01N2021/216Polarisation-affecting properties using circular polarised light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to polarization measurement, and more particularly to a phase delay amount distribution and a fast axis azimuthal distribution real-time measuring device and measuring method for a birefringent device. Background technique
  • Birefringent devices are widely used in the fields of immersion lithography polarization illumination, phase shifting interferometry, and bio-optics.
  • Two important optical parameters of birefringence devices are phase delay and fast axis azimuth.
  • phase retardation amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution of the birefringent device it is required to know the phase retardation amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution of the birefringent device, so it is necessary to accurately measure the phase delay amount distribution of the birefringent device.
  • fast axis azimuth distribution fast axis azimuth distribution.
  • Prior art [1] (see Song Feijun, Fan Ling, Yu Lei et al. An optical phase delay precision measurement method and system thereof.
  • Patent Application No. 200710178950.3) describes a method and system for accurately measuring phase delay amount. Adding a light modulator to the measuring optical path, modulating the detecting light to generate modulated polarized light, and measuring the signal for filtering, converting the measurement of the DC zero point into the measurement of the AC zero point, accurately determining the position of the extreme point, and realizing the phase delay amount Measurement.
  • this method cannot measure the fast axis azimuth of the sample, and the method uses modulated polarized light to determine the extreme point, and real-time measurement of the phase delay amount distribution cannot be achieved.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a device and method for real-time measurement of phase delay amount distribution and fast axis azimuth distribution for a birefringent device, the measurement result is not affected by the fluctuation of the light source intensity and Has a large measurement range.
  • a real-time measuring device for phase delay amount distribution and fast axis azimuth distribution characterized in that the device comprises a collimated light source, a circular polarizer, a diffraction beam splitting component, a quarter wave plate, an analyzer array, and a CCD image
  • the sensor and the computer with the image collection card, the positional relationship of the above components is as follows:
  • the analyzer array is composed of a first analyzer, a second analyzer, a third analyzer, and a fourth analyzer which are sequentially separated by 45° in four directions of vibration transmission, and the quarter detector is
  • the analyzer in which the wave plate is in the same sub-path is a first analyzer, and the vibration-transmitting direction of the first analyzer is 45° with the fast-axis direction of the quarter-wave plate, respectively.
  • the circular polarizer and the diffraction splitting element splits the incident beam into four sub-beams, one of which passes through four
  • the other three sub-beams are directly detected by the second analyzer, the third analyzer and the fourth analyzer, and the output of the image sensor is Connected to the input of the computer, a socket for the sample to be tested is placed between the circular polarizer and the polarization splitting element.
  • the collimated light source is a He-Ne laser.
  • the diffractive beam splitting element is a quadrature amplitude grating, a quadrature phase grating or a Daman grating, and the incident light is split by a diffraction effect to obtain four sub-beams of equal light intensity.
  • the quarter-wave plate is a zero-order quartz standard quarter-wave plate.
  • Said first analyzer, the second analyzer, a third and a fourth analyzer analyzer are polarizing 10.3 extinction ratio is better than.
  • a method for measuring a phase delay amount distribution and a fast axis azimuth distribution by using the above measuring device characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • the CCD image sensor activating the collimated light source, a CCD image sensor, and a computer
  • the CCD image sensor receiving an image generated by four sub-beams and inputting the computer
  • the computer dividing the image into four sub-images, and dividing the four sub-images Pixelize and establish the same coordinate system in the same way, matrix the sample to be tested and establish the same coordinate system as the sub-image, and the corresponding light of one matrix unit (x, y) on the sample to be tested in the four sub-images
  • the strongest are Ii(x, y), I 2 (x, y) I 3 (x, y) and Wx, y), data processing the image, outputting the phase delay amount distribution of the sample to be tested and fast Axis azimuth distribution;
  • the specific method for the computer to perform data processing on the image is as follows; When the vibration transmitting direction of the first analyzer of the measuring device is 45 degrees from the fast axis direction of the quarter wave plate, respectively, the computer performs the processing of the following step 34:
  • S(x, y) is the phase delay amount of the matrix unit (x, y); 0 ⁇ ) is the fast axis azimuth of the matrix unit ⁇ ), and the matrix unit is obtained on the sample to be tested by the following calculation (X , y) The value of the phase delay amount ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) in the range of 0 to 180°:
  • step 3 sequentially change the coordinate values x, y of the matrix elements (x, y) and the corresponding light intensities Ii(x, y), I 2 (x, y), I 3 (x, y) and l4 (x, y) Repeat the calculation of step 3 until all the matrix elements (x, y) are calculated, that is, the phase delay amount distribution matrix and the fast axis azimuth distribution matrix of the sample to be tested are obtained;
  • the computer performs the processing of the following step 56:
  • said computer corresponds to the intensity of the matrix unit (X, y) on the sample to be tested, I x, y), I 2 (x, y), I 3 (x, y) and L»(x, y) perform the following operations and define:
  • V 2 (x,y) sin(S (x, y)) cos(2 ⁇ (x, y)) 1
  • step 5 sequentially changing the coordinate values x, y of the matrix unit (x, y) and the corresponding light intensities (x, y), I 2 (x, y), I 3 (x, y) and l4 (x, y), The calculation of step 5 is repeated until all the matrix elements (x, y) are calculated, and the phase delay amount distribution matrix and the fast axis azimuth distribution matrix of the sample to be tested are obtained.
  • the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution can be measured in real time.
  • the intensity distribution of the four sub-beams is a function of the phase delay amount distribution and the fast-axis azimuth distribution.
  • the four sub-beams are simultaneously detected by the image sensor and processed at high speed, and the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution can be obtained in real time.
  • the light intensity fluctuation of the light source does not affect the measurement result.
  • the initial light intensity value is eliminated during the calculation, so that the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution measurement result of the sample to be tested are independent of the initial light intensity.
  • the measurement range of the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution is large.
  • the intensity distribution of the four sub-beams can be In order to calculate the phase delay amount distribution of the sample to be tested, the sine function and the cosine function of the azimuth distribution of the fast axis, these two functions can accurately calculate the value and fast axis of the phase delay amount distribution in the range of 0° ⁇ 180°.
  • Azimuth values are distributed in the range of -90° to 90°.
  • FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of a real-time measurement of a phase delay amount distribution and a fast axis azimuth distribution according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an analyzer array according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • Figure 1 is a real-time measurement optical path diagram of the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a phase delay quantity distribution and a fast axis azimuth distribution real-time measuring device, which is composed of a collimated light source 1, a circular polarizer 2, a diffraction beam splitting element 4, a quarter wave plate 5, and a detection bias.
  • the array of electrodes 6, the image sensor 7, and the computer 8 are arranged in a positional relationship: in the direction in which the beam of the collimated light source 1 is advanced, the circular polarizer 2 and the diffractive beam splitting element 4 are in turn.
  • the diffractive beam splitting element 4 splits the incident beam into four sub-beams, one of which passes through the quarter-wave plate 5 and is detected by an analyzer in the analyzer array 6, and the other three sub-beams do not pass the four-pointer
  • One of the wave plates 5 is directly detected by the other three analyzers in the analyzer array 6.
  • the image sensor 7 is electrically connected to the computer 8, and the computer 8 is not in the optical path.
  • a socket of the sample 3 to be tested is disposed between the circular polarizer 2 and the polarization splitting element 4.
  • the collimated light source 1 is a He-Ne laser.
  • the diffraction splitting element 4 is a Daman grating, and the incident light is split by a diffraction effect to obtain four ⁇ 1 sub-beams of equal light intensity.
  • the quarter-wave plate 5 is a zero-order quartz wave plate which is only in a sub-beam generated by the diffraction beam splitting element 4.
  • Said analyzer 6 array structure shown in Figure 2 which consists of four successively through vibration direction 45 ° off extinction ratio is better than 10.3 polarizer composed of the quarter-wave plate 5 analyzers in the same sub-beam It is the first analyzer 61.
  • the vibration-transmitting directions of the first analyzer 61, the second analyzer 62, the third analyzer 63, and the fourth analyzer 64 are respectively different from the fast-axis direction of the quarter-wave plate 5 Angles of 45°, 90°, 135° and 0°.
  • the image sensor 7 is a CCD image sensor.
  • the computer 8 is a computer with an image capture card.
  • a method for measuring a phase delay amount distribution and a fast axis azimuth distribution by using the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution real-time measuring device comprises the following steps:
  • the image sensor 7 receives an image generated by four sub-beams and inputs the image into the computer 8, and the computer 8 divides the image into four sub-images.
  • the four sub-images are pixelated in the same way and the same coordinate system is established, the sample to be tested 3 is matrixed and the same coordinate system as the sub-image is established, and a matrix unit (x, y) on the sample 3 to be tested is in four
  • the corresponding light intensities in the sub-images are (x, y), I 2 (x, y), I 3 (x, y), and l4 (x, y);
  • the computer 8 has a light intensity Ii(x, y), I 2 (x, y), I 3 (x, y) corresponding to the matrix unit (x, y) on the sample 3 to be tested.
  • Wx, y) make the following definitions and operations:
  • the value of the fast axis azimuth angle ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) of the matrix unit (X, y) on the sample to be tested 3 in the range of -90° to 90° is calculated.
  • step 3 sequentially change the coordinate values x, y of the matrix unit (x, y) and the corresponding light intensities Ii(x, y), I 2 (x, y), ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ , y) and I 4 (x, y
  • step 3 is repeated until the calculation of all the matrix elements (x, y), that is, the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution of the sample 3 to be tested are obtained.
  • the circularly polarized Jones vector E emitted by the circular polarizer 2 is expressed as -
  • Eo is the amplitude of the circularly polarized light
  • the Jones matrix J s of any one of the matrix elements (x, y) on the sample 3 to be tested can be expressed as: cos
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) and ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) are the phase retardation amount and the fast axis azimuth of the matrix unit (x, y) on the sample 3 to be tested, respectively.
  • the analyzer in the analyzer array 6 can be represented by a Jones matrix J P
  • is the direction of vibration transmission of the analyzer in the analyzer array 6.
  • the quarter wave plate 5 can be represented by a Jones matrix ⁇ :
  • the sub-beams are passed through the second analyzer 62, the third analyzer 63 and the fourth analyzer 64, and are received by the image sensor 7 and processed by the computer 8 to obtain the matrix elements on the sub-images.
  • the Jones vector ( X , y) is expressed as:
  • E 1 ( , ') JpJ s E. (5)
  • the sub-beams are received by the image sensor 7 after being passed through the quarter-wave plate 5 and the first analyzer 61 and processed by the computer 8 to obtain a matrix vector E 2 (x) , y) expressed as:
  • E 2 (x, ⁇ ) J p J Q J s E. (6)
  • the obtained Jones matrix E ⁇ x, y) and E 2 (x, y) are conjugated and multiplied by themselves to obtain the matrix elements ( X , y) on the sample 3 to be tested in four sub-images.
  • the corresponding light intensities W y I 2 ( X , y), I 3 ( X , y) and I 4 (X, y) are:
  • I 2 (x,y) I 0 (l- sin(S (x, y)) sin(2 ⁇ ( , y)))
  • the distribution values of ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) in the range of 0 to 180° and the distribution values of ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) in the range of -90° to 90° can be calculated.
  • the vibration transmissive directions of the first analyzer, the second analyzer, the third analyzer, and the fourth analyzer described in this embodiment are different from those of the embodiment 1 and the quarter-wave plate
  • the fast axis directions are at an angle of 135°, 0°, 45°, and 90°, respectively.
  • the corresponding data processing of the computer in the method of measuring the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution in real time is also different, namely:
  • the computer 8 has a light intensity It(x, y), I 2 (x, y), I 3 (x, y) corresponding to the matrix unit (X, y) on the sample 3 to be tested.
  • L (x, y) performs the following operations:
  • phase delay amount ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) of the matrix unit (x, y) on the sample 3 to be tested is 0 to 180' The value in the range.
  • step 3 sequentially changing the coordinate values x, y of the matrix elements (x, y) and the corresponding light intensities Wx, y), I 2 (x, y), I 3 (x, y) and L» (x, y), The calculation of step 3 is repeated until the calculation of all the matrix elements (x, y), that is, the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution of the sample 3 to be tested are obtained.
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) and ⁇ ( ⁇ , y) are the phase retardation amount and the fast axis azimuth of the matrix unit (x, y) on the sample 3 to be tested, respectively.
  • the analyzer array 6 J P is represented as Where ⁇ is the direction of vibration transmission of the analyzer in the analyzer array 6.
  • the quarter wave plate 5 can be represented by a Jones matrix JQ
  • the sub-beams are passed through the second analyzer 62, the third analyzer 63 and the fourth analyzer 64, and are received by the image sensor 7 and processed by the computer 8 to obtain the matrix elements on the sub-images.
  • Jones vector E ⁇ x, y) is expressed as
  • E l (x, y) 3 P J s E. (24)
  • the sub-beams are received by the image sensor 7 after passing through the quarter-wave plate 5 and the first analyzer 61 and processed by the computer 8 to obtain a matrix vector E 2 (x) , y) expressed as
  • E 2 (x, y) J P J Q J S E. (25)
  • the obtained Jones matrix (x, y) and E 2 (x, y) are conjugated and multiplied by themselves to obtain the matrix elements ( x , y) on the sample 3 to be tested in four sub-images.
  • the corresponding light intensities 1 ⁇ , ), I 2 ( X , y), I 3 ( X , y) and I 4 ( X , y) are:
  • the distribution value in the range of 90° that is, the phase retardation amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution of the sample 3 to be tested are obtained.
  • the present invention can measure the phase delay amount distribution and the fast axis azimuth distribution of the birefringent device in real time, and the measurement result is not affected by the fluctuation of the light source intensity, and has a large measurement range.

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Abstract

一种用于双折射器件的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置,由准直光源(1)、圆起偏器(2)、衍射分束元件(4)、四分之一波片(5)、检偏器阵列(6)、CCD图像传感器(7)和具有图像采集卡的计算机(8)组成。还提供了一种用于双折射器件的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量方法,其可以实时测量双折射器件的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布,测量结果不受光源光强波动的影响,而且具有较大的测量范围。

Description

相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及偏振测量, 特别是一种用于双折射器件的相位延迟量分布和快轴方 位角分布实时测量装置和测量方法。 背景技术
双折射器件在浸液光刻偏振照明、 移相干涉测量和生物光学等领域中具有广泛 的应用, 双折射器件的两个重要光学参数是相位延迟量和快轴方位角。 在浸液光刻 偏振照明和移相干涉测量中使用双折射器件的过程中要求知道双折射器件的相位延 迟量分布和快轴方位角分布, 故需要精密地测量双折射器件的相位延迟量分布和快 轴方位角分布。
在先技术 [1] (参见宋菲君, 范玲, 俞蕾等.一种光学相位延迟精密测量方法及其 系统. 专利申请号 200710178950.3)描述了一种相位延迟量精密测量方法及其系统。 在测量光路中加入光调制器, 对检测光进行调制产生调制偏振光, 测量信号进行滤 波处理后将直流零点的测量转换为交流零点的测量, 准确判断极值点的位置, 实现 对相位延迟量的测量。 但是该方法不能测量样品的快轴方位角, 且该方法使用调制 偏振光判断极值点, 不能实现相位延迟量分布的实时测量。
在先技术〖2] (参见 Tsung-Chih Yu, Hsu Shan, et al. Full-field and full-range sequential measurement of the slow axis angle and phase retardation of linear birefringent materials. Applied Optics, 48, 4568-4576, 2009)描述了一种使用外差干涉法和三步时 域移相法测量双折射材料的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布的方法, 但是这种方 法是在改变部分光路的前后分步测量相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布, 且这种方 法采用时域移相技术, 故不能实时测量相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足, 提出一种用于双折射器件的实时 测量相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布的装置和方法, 测量结果不受光源光强波动 的影响且具有较大的测量范围。
本发明的技术解决方案: 一种相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置, 其特点在于该装置由准 直光源、 圆起偏器、 衍射分束元件、 四分之一波片、 检偏器阵列、 CCD图像传感器 和具有图像釆集卡的计算机组成, 上述元部件的位置关系如下:
所述的检偏器阵列由四个透振方向依次相差 45° 的第一检偏器、 第二检偏器、 第三检偏器、 第四检偏器组成, 与所述的四分之一波片处于同一个子光路中的检偏 器为第一检偏器, 所述的第一检偏器的透振方向与所述的四分之一波片的快轴方向 分别成 45°或 135°, 沿所述的准直光源的光束前进方向上, 依次是所述的圆起偏器 和衍射分束元件, 该衍射分束元件将入射光束分成四个子光束, 其中一个子光束经 四分之一波片后被第一检偏器进行检偏, 另外三个子光束直接被第二检偏器、 第三 检偏器和第四检偏器检偏, 所述的图像传感器的输出端与所述的计算机的输入端连 接, 在所述的圆起偏器和偏振分束元件之间设置待测样品的插口。
所述的准直光源为 He-Ne激光器。
所述的圆起偏器为利用方解石晶体和石英晶体制作成的消光比优于 10·3的圆起 偏器。
所述的衍射分束元件为正交振幅光栅、 正交相位光栅或达曼光栅, 利用衍射效 应将入射光进行分束并获得四个光强度相等子光束。
所述的四分之一波片为零级石英标准四分之一波片。
所述的第一检偏器、第二检偏器、第三检偏器和第四检偏器均为消光比优于 10·3 的偏振片。
利用上述测量装置进行相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布的测量方法, 其特点 在于该方法包括下列步骤:
①将待测样品插入所述的圆起偏器和衍射分束元件之间的插口并调整光路, 使 光束垂直通过待测样品;
②启动所述的准直光源、 CCD图像传感器和计算机,所述的 CCD图像传感器接 收四个子光束产生的图像并输入所述的计算机,该计算机将图像分割为四个子图像, 并将四个子图像以同样的方法像素化并建立相同的坐标系, 将待测样品的矩阵化并 建立与子图像相同的坐标系, 待测样品上一个矩阵单元 (x, y)在四个子图像中对应的 光强分别为 Ii(x, y)、 I2(x, y) I3(x, y)和 Wx, y), 对所述的图像进行数据处理, 输出 待测样品的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布;
所述的计算机对所述的图像进行数据处理的具体方法如下; 当所述的测量装置的第一检偏器的透振方向与所述的四分之一波片的快轴方向 分别成 45°时, 所述的计算机进行下列步骤③④的处理:
③所述的计算机对所述的待测样品上的矩阵单元 (x,y)对应的光强 ii(x,y)、 ΐ2(χ, y)、 I3(x, y)和 I4(x, y)进行下列运算并定义:
V, (x, y)= sm{S(x, y)) sin(20(x, y)) = 2 ( ) - 1 Y2(x,y)=sm(S(x,y))cos(20(x,y)) = 2 {x -1 V3 (x, y)= cos(^( , ) = 1 - 2 2 (Xy)
I{x,y) + I(x,y)
其中: S(x,y)为矩阵单元 (x,y)的相位延迟量; 0^^)为矩阵单元^^)的快轴方位角, 经过下列计算得到待测样品上该矩阵单元 (X, y)的相位延迟量 δ(χ, y)在 0〜180° 范围内的值:
当 当 当
Figure imgf000005_0001
), 经过下列计算得到待测样品上该矩阵单元 (x, y)的快轴方位角 θ(χ, y)在 -90°~90° 范围内的值; 当 ^ (χ, < 0 & (J, ≤ 0时, 则 =丄 arctan ) - 90°,
2 V2(x,y) 当 ^ (X, > 0时, 则 (x, ) =丄 arctan( X, ),
2 V2(x,y) 当 V2 (x, < 0 & ; (JC, > 0时, 则 P ( c, =丄 arctan ) + 90。;
2 V2(x,y)
④依次改变矩阵单元 (x,y)的坐标值 x、 y和相应的光强 Ii(x,y)、 I2(x,y)、 I3(x,y) 和 l4(x,y), 重复步骤③的计算, 直至所有的矩阵单元 (x,y)计算后, 即获得了待测样 品的相位延迟量分布矩阵和快轴方位角分布矩阵;
当所述的测量装置的第一检偏器的透振方向与所述的四分之一波片的快轴方 向分别成 135°时, 所述的计算机进行下列步骤⑤⑥的处理:
⑤所述的计算机对所述的待测样品上的矩阵单元 (X, y)对应的光强 I x, y)、 I2(x, y)、 I3(x, y)和 L»(x, y)进行下列运算并定义:
Figure imgf000006_0001
2 (x,y)
V2(x,y) sin(S (x, y)) cos(2^(x, y)) = 1
(x,y) + I4(x,y)
Figure imgf000006_0002
经过下列计算得到待测样品上该矩阵单元 (x, y)的相位延迟量 δ(χ, y)在 0〜180° 范围内的值; 当 2( + 2 23 时, S(x, y) =
Figure imgf000006_0003
当 ^Vx 2(x,y) + V2 2(x,y) > \ν,(χ,γ)\时, = arccos( 3( ,^)), 当 ^2(x,y) + V2 2(x,y) < -V^x,y)时' (JC, = 180°-arcsin(^2( ^) + 2 2( ,^)), 经过下列计算得到待测样品上该矩阵单元 (x, y)的快轴方位角 θ(χ, y)在 -90°〜90° 范围内的值; 当 V2 (x, < 0 & (x, ≤ 0时, S ( c, =丄 aictan )— 90°,
2 V2{x,y) 当 ^ (;c, > 0时, =丄 arctan ),
v2(x,y) 当 20, < 0 & 0, > 0时, (x, y) = - arctan (- •) + 90°,
V2(x,y)
⑥依次改变矩阵单元 (x,y)的坐标值 x、 y和相应的光强 (x,y)、 I2(x,y)、 I3(x,y) 和 l4(x,y), 重复步骤⑤的计算, 直至所有的矩阵单元 (x,y)计算后, 即获得待测样品 的相位延迟量分布矩阵和快轴方位角分布矩阵。
与先技术相比, 本发明的技术效果如下:
1、可以实时测量相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布。 四个子光束的光强分布是 相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布的函数, 四个子光束被图像传感器同时探测并高 速处理, 可以实时得到相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布。
2、 光源的光强波动不影响测量结果。计算过程中初始光强值被消除, 使待测样 品的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布的测量结果与初始光强无关。
3、相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布的测量范围大。 四个子光束的光强分布可 以计算出待测样品相位延迟量分布、 快轴方位角分布的正弦函数和余弦函数, 利用 这两个函数可以精确地计算出相位延迟量分布在 0°~180°范围内的值和快轴方位角 分布在 -90°~90°范围内的值。 附图说明
图 1为本发明所述相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量光路图。
图 2为本发明实施例检偏器阵列的结构图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施实例对本发明作进一步说明, 但不应以此限制本发明的保 护范围。
实施例 1
先请参阅图 1, 图 1 是本发明相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量光路 图。 由图可见, 本发明相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置, 该装置由 准直光源 1、 圆起偏器 2、 衍射分束元件 4、 四分之一波片 5、 检偏器阵列 6、 图像 传感器 7和计算机 8组成, 其位置关系是: 沿所述的准直光源 1的光束前进方向上, 依次是所述的圆起偏器 2和衍射分束元件 4。 衍射分束元件 4将入射光束分成四个 子光束, 其中一个子光束通过四分之一波片 5后被检偏器阵列 6中的一个检偏器进 行检偏, 另外三个子光束不通过四分之一波片 5被检偏器阵列 6中的另外三个检偏 器直接检偏。所述的图像传感器 7与计算机 8通过电气连接, 计算机 8不在光路中。 在所述的圆起偏器 2和偏振分束元件 4之间设置待测样品 3的插口。
所述的准直光源 1为 He-Ne激光器。
所述的圆起偏器 2为利用方解石晶体和石英晶体制作成的消光比优于 10'3的圆 起偏器。
所述的衍射分束元件 4为达曼光栅, 利用衍射效应将入射光进行分束并获得四 个光强度相等的 ±1级子光束。
所述的四分之一波片 5为零级石英波片, 它仅处于所述的衍射分束元件 4产生 的一个子光束中。
所述的检偏器阵列 6的结构如图 2所示,它由四个透振方向依次相差 45°的消光 比优于 10·3的偏振片组成, 与所述的四分之一波片 5处于同一个子光束中的检偏器 为第一检偏器 61。 所述的第一检偏器 61、 第二检偏器 62、 第三检偏器 63和第四检 偏器 64的透振方向与所述的四分之一波片 5的快轴方向分别成 45°、 90°、 135°和 0° 夹角。
所述的图像传感器 7为 CCD图像传感器。
所述的计算机 8为带有图像采集卡的计算机。
利用所述的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置测量相位延迟量分 布和快轴方位角分布的方法, 其特征在于该方法包括下列步骤:
①将待测样品 3插入所述的圆起偏器 2和衍射分束元件 4之间的插口并调整光 路, 使光束垂直通过待测样品 3。
②启动所述的准直光源 1、 图像传感器 7和计算机 8, 所述的图像传感器 7接收 四个子光束产生的图像并输入所述的计算机 8进行处理, 计算机 8将图像分割为四 个子图像, 并将四个子图像以同样的方法像素化并建立相同的坐标系, 将待测样品 3矩阵化并建立与子图像相同的坐标系, 待测样品 3上一个矩阵单元 (x, y)在四个子 图像中对应的光强分别为 (x, y)、 I2(x, y)、 I3(x, y)和 l4(x, y);
③所述的计算机 8对所述的待测样品 3上的矩阵单元 (x, y)对应的光强 Ii(x, y)、 I2(x, y)、 I3(x, y)和 Wx, y)进行下列定义并运算:
V1(x^)=sin(^( ^))sin(2^(x, )) = 2 (x y) - 1
I2(x,y) + I (x,y)
Figure imgf000008_0001
Y3(x,y)=cos(S(x,y)) = \ - ~ ^
x,y) + I4(x,y) 当 当 当
Figure imgf000008_0002
), 经过计算得到待测样品 3上该矩阵单元 (x, y)的相位延迟量 δ(χ, y)在 0〜180°范围 内的值; 当 2 (x, < 0 & (JC, ≤ 0时, 则 P ( c, =丄 arctan ) - 90。,
2 2(χ, 当 (;c, >0时, 贝 iJ x, = ^arctan ),
2 (^ V2(x,y) 当 V2 (x, < 0 & (x, _v) > 0时, 则 y) +90'
Figure imgf000009_0001
经过计算得到待测样品 3上该矩阵单元 (X, y)的快轴方位角 θ(χ, y)在 -90°〜90°范 围内的值。
④依次改变矩阵单元 (x,y)的坐标值 x、 y和相应的光强 Ii(x,y)、 I2(x,y)、 Ι3(χ, y) 和 I4(x,y), 重复步骤③的计算, 直至所有的矩阵单元 (x,y)计算后, 即获得了待测样 品 3的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布。
本发明的工作原理如下:
由所述的圆起偏器 2出射的圆偏振 琼斯矢量 E表达为-
Figure imgf000009_0002
其中 Eo为圆偏振光的振幅 ( 所述的待测样品 3上任意一个矩阵单元 (x,y)的琼斯矩阵 Js可以表示为: cos
Figure imgf000009_0003
其中 δ(χ, y)和 θ(χ, y)分别为所述的待测样品 3上矩阵单元 (x, y)的相位延迟量和快轴 方位角。 所述的检偏器阵列 6中的检偏器可以用琼斯矩阵 JP表示为
Figure imgf000009_0004
其中 α为所述的检偏器阵列 6中的检偏器的透振方向。 所述的四分之一波片 5可以 用琼斯矩阵 ^表示为:
Figure imgf000009_0005
子光束经过第二检偏器 62、 第三检偏器 63和第四检偏器 64后被所述的图像传感器 7接收并被所述的计算机 8处理得到的子图像上各矩阵单元可以用琼斯矢量 (X, y) 表达为:
E1( , ')=JpJsE。 (5) 子光束经过四分之一波片 5和第一检偏器 61后被图像传感器 7接收并被所述的计算 机 8处理得到的子图像上各矩阵单元可以用琼斯矢量 E2(x, y)表达为:
E2(x,^)=JpJQJsE。 (6) 将得到的琼斯矩阵 E^x, y)和 E2(x, y)共轭转置后与其自身相乘, 得到待测样品 3上 各矩阵单元 (X,y)在四个子图像中对应的光强 W y I2(X,y)、 I3(X, y)和 I4(X, y)分别 为:
0, y) =。 (1 _ cos ( 0, y))), (7)
I2(x,y) = I0(l- sin(S (x, y)) sin(2^( , y)))
(8) (x, y) = /。(1 + sin( (x, y)) cos(2^( , y)))
(9)
40, y) =。 (1 + sin(S(x, y)) sin(2^(x, y)))。 (10) 由公式 (7)〜(10)可以得到
Vl(x,y)=sm(S(x,y))sm(20(x,y)) = 2 ^ ) -1 (11)
I2(x,y) + I4(x,y)
Y2(x,y)=s (S(x,y))Cos(29(x,y)) = τ ,
I2(x 2,y) + I^^] 、 -1 (12) x,y)
V3 (x, y)= cos(S (x, = 1— (13)
I2(x,y) + I (x,y) 当 ylV'(x,y) +
Figure imgf000010_0001
V3(x,y)时
S(x,y) = arcsin(^2 (x, y) + V2 2 (x, y)); (14) 当 lVl 2(x,y) +
Figure imgf000010_0002
> \V,(x,y)\时,
S(x,y) = arccos( 3( ,^)); (15) 当 l 2(x, ) +
Figure imgf000010_0003
< -V3(x,y)时, δ(χ, y) = 180°- arcsin(^2 (x, y) + V2 2 (x, y) )。 (16) 当 2( , <0&1^,> ≤0时,
(17)
2 v2(x,y)
当 ί (χ,> >ο时,
Figure imgf000011_0001
2(x, <0& (χ, >0时,
1
θ(χ, y) = - a一rctan( 1 、 + 90° (19)
2 V2(x,y)
利用公式 (14)〜(19)可以计算出 δ(χ, y)在 0〜180°范围内的分布值和 θ(χ, y)在 -90°〜 90°范围内的分布值, 即获得了待测样品 3的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布。
实施例 2
本实施例与实施例 1的区别所述的第一检偏器、 第二检偏器、 第三检偏器和第 四检偏器的透振方向与所述的四分之一波片的快轴方向分别成 135°、 0°、 45°和 90° 夹角。 相应的实时测量相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布的方法中的计算机的数据 处理也不同, 即:
③所述的计算机 8对所述的待测样品 3上的矩阵单元 (X, y)对应的光强 It(x, y)、 I2(x, y)、 I3(x, y)和 L»(x, y)进行下列运算:
Vx{x,y) = sin(^( ^))sin(2^( ^)) =— -¾^—-l
I2(x,y) + I (x,y)
V2 (x, y) = sin(S(x, y)) cos(2^( , ^)) = 1—
(x,y) + I4(x,y)
V3(x,y) = cos(S(x,y))=- ^ 2Ii(x'y)
(x,y) + I (x,y) 当 2(x,y) + V2 x,y)≤ V3(x,y)时, (c, = arcsin^ ^ )), 当 当
Figure imgf000011_0002
, 经过计算得到待测样品 3上该矩阵单元 (x, y)的相位延迟量 δ (χ, y)在 0〜180' 范围内的值。 当 (χ, < 0& (χ, ≤ 0时, xj) = -90。,
Figure imgf000012_0001
2(x,^>0时, 0(x, = arCtan(^ ),
2 V2(x,y) 当 2 (x, < 0 & (x, > 0时, 0(x, y) = ^ arctanC^1^'^) + 90°。 经过计算得到待测样品 3上该矩阵单元 (X, y)的快轴方位角 θ(χ, y)在 -90°〜90°范 围内的值。
④依次改变矩阵单元 (x,y)的坐标值 x、 y和相应的光强 Wx,y)、 I2(x,y)、 I3(x, y) 和 L»(x,y), 重复步骤③的计算, 直至所有的矩阵单元 (x,y)计算后, 即获得了待测样 品 3的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布。
其原理如下:
所述的圆起偏器 2出射的圆偏振光
Figure imgf000012_0002
其中 Εο为圆偏振光的振幅。所述的待测样品 3上任意一个矩阵单元 (x, y)的琼斯矩阵 JS可以表示为
Figure imgf000012_0003
其中 δ(χ, y)和 θ(χ, y)分别为所述的待测样品 3上矩阵单元 (x, y)的相位延迟量和快轴 方位角。 所述的检偏器阵列 6 JP表示为
Figure imgf000012_0004
其中 α为所述的检偏器阵列 6中的检偏器的透振方向。 所述的四分之一波片 5可以 用琼斯矩阵 JQ表示为
Figure imgf000012_0005
子光束经过第二检偏器 62、 第三检偏器 63和第四检偏器 64后被所述的图像传感器 7接收并被所述的计算机 8处理得到的子图像上各矩阵单元可以用琼斯矢量 E^x, y) 共同表达为
El(x,y) = 3PJsE。 (24) 子光束经过四分之一波片 5和第一检偏器 61后被图像传感器 7接收并被所述的计算 机 8处理得到的子图像上各矩阵单元可以用琼斯矢量 E2(x, y)表达为
E2(x,y) = JPJQJSE。 (25) 将得到的琼斯矩阵 (x, y)和 E2(x, y)共轭转置后与其自身相乘, 得到待测样品 3上 各矩阵单元 (x,y)在四个子图像中对应的光强 1^, )、 I2(X,y)、 I3(X, y)和 I4(X, y)分别 为:
(26) (x, y) =。 (1 + sin(^ (x, y)) sin(2^( , y))) , (27)
/30, = I0 (1 - sin(^ (x, y)) cos(2^( , y))) , (28) 0, y) = ^o - sin(<5 (x, y)) sm(20(x, y)))。 (29) 由公式 (22)~(25)可以得到
Vx{x,y) = sm S{x,y))sin{20{x,y)) = 2I^X^ (30)
(x,y) + I4(x,y)
V2 (x, y) = sin(S(x, y)) cos(2^( , ) = 1 - (3D
2(x,^) + /4( ,^)
V3(x,y) = cos(^^))= 2I[(x 一 1 (32)
I2(x,y) + I (x,y) 当 20^) + 2 20^) < V3(x,y)时,
Figure imgf000013_0001
δ (x, y) = arccos( 3 (x, y)); (34) 当 lVl 2(x,y) +
Figure imgf000013_0002
< -V3(x,y)时, δ(χ, y) = 180°- arcsin^ ,2^,^) + ^ (35) 当 V2(x,y) < Ο& Ο, )≤ 0时, θ(χ, =丄 arctan( (X, ) - 90。 (36) y 2 v2(x,yy
2(JC, >0时,
Figure imgf000014_0001
2(x, <0& (JC, >0时,
Figure imgf000014_0002
利用公式 (33)〜(38)可以计算出 δ(χ, y)在 0〜180°范围内的分布值和 θ(χ, y)在 -90°〜
90°范围内的分布值, 即获得了待测样品 3的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布。
实验表明, 本发明可以实时测量双折射器件的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分 布, 测量结果不受光源光强波动的影响, 而且具有较大的测量范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置, 其特征在于该装置由 准直光源 (1)、 圆起偏器 (2)、 衍射分束元件 (4)、 四分之一波片 (5)、 检偏器阵列 (6)、 CCD 图像传感器 (7)和具有图像采集卡的计算机 (8)组成, 上述元部件的位置关系如 下:
所述的检偏器阵列 (6)由四个透振方向依次相差 45° 的第一检偏器 (61)、 第二检 偏器 (62)、 第三检偏器 (63)、 第四检偏器 (64)组成, 与所述的四分之一波片 (5)处于同 一个子光路中的检偏器为第一检偏器 (61 ), 所述的第一检偏器 (61)的透振方向与所 述的四分之一波片 (5)的快轴方向分别成 45°或 135°, 沿所述的准直光源(1 )的光束 前进方向上,依次是所述的圆起偏器(2)和衍射分束元件(4),该衍射分束元件(4) 将入射光束分成四个子光束, 其中一个子光束经四分之一波片(5 )后被第一检偏器 (61)进行检偏, 另外三个子光束直接被第二检偏器 (62)、 第三检偏器 (63)和第四检偏 器 (64)检偏, 所述的图像传感器 (7) 的输出端与所述的计算机 (8) 的输入端连接, 在所述的圆起偏器 (2) 和偏振分束元件 (4) 之间设置待测样品 (3)的插口。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置, 其 特征在于准直光源 (1 ) 为 He-Ne激光器。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置, 其 特征在于所述的圆起偏器 (2) 为利用方解石晶体和石英晶体制作成的消光比优于 10'3的圆起偏器。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置, 其 特征在于所述的衍射分束元件(4)为正交振幅光栅、 正交相位光栅或达曼光栅, 利 用衍射效应将入射光进行分束并获得四个光强度相等子光束。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置, 其 特征在于所述的标准四分之一波片 (5 ) 为零级石英波片。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布实时测量装置, 其 特征在于所述的第一检偏器 (61)、第二检偏器 (62)、第三检偏器 (63)和第四检偏器 (64) 均为消光比优于 10·3的偏振片。
7、利用权利要求 1所述的测量装置进行相位延迟量分布和快轴方位角分布的测 量方法, 其特征在于该方法包括下列步骤: ①将待测样品 (3) 插入所述的圆起偏器(2) 和衍射分束元件 (4) 之间的插口 并调整光路, 使光束垂直通过待测样品 (3);
②启动所述的准直光源(1)、 CCD图像传感器(7)和计算机(8), 所述的 CCD 图像传感器(7)接收四个子光束产生的图像并输入所述的计算机(8),该计算机(8) 将图像分割为四个子图像, 并将四个子图像以同样的方法像素化并建立相同的坐标 系, 将待测样品 (3) 的矩阵化并建立与子图像相同的坐标系, 待测样品 (3) 上一 个矩阵单元 (x,y)在四个子图像中对应的光强分别为 Ii(x,y)、 I2(x,y)、 I3(x, y)和 I4(x, y), 对所述的图像进行数据处理, 输出待测样品 (3) 的相位延迟量分布和快轴方位 角分布;
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的测量方法, 其特征在于所述的计算机 (8) 对所述的 图像进行数据处理的具体方法如下;
当所述的测量装置的第一检偏器 (61)的透振方向与所述的四分之一波片 (5)的快 轴方向分别成 45°时, 所述的计算机 (8) 进行步骤③④的处理:
③所述的计算机(8)对所述的待测样品(3)上的矩阵单元 (x,y)对应的光强 Wx, y)、 I2(x,y)、 I3(x,y)和 I4(x,y)进行下列运算并定义:
Yl(x,y)=sm(S(x,y))sm(2e(x,y)) = 2Ii(x'y) -1
x, + /3(x,
V2 (x, y)= 1
Figure imgf000016_0001
V3 O, = cos( (x, ) = 1 -
I(x,y) + I3(x,y)
其中: 5^^)为矩阵单元^^)的相位延迟量; 6()^)为矩阵单元 ^)的快轴方位角, 经过下列计算得到待测样品 (3)上该矩阵单元 (x,y)的相位延迟量 S(x,y)在 0〜 18 °范围内的值: 当 ), 当
Figure imgf000016_0002
当 ^2(χ,γ) + ν2 2(χ,γ) < -V3 (x, y)时, 则 (x, y) = 180°- arcsin^^^ + ^Cx^)), 经过下列计算得到待测样品 (3)上该矩阵单元 (x,y)的快轴方位角 e(x,y)在 -90° 90°范围内的值- 当 V2 (x, < 0 & ^ (x, ≤ 0时, 则 0(, = - arctan (- )-90°,
V2(x,y) 当 2 (x, ) > 0时, 则 θ(χ, y) = - arctan(
V2(x,y) 当 V2 (x, < 0 & (x, > 0时, 则 (x, y)=- arctan (- •) + 90°;
V2(x,y)
④依次改变矩阵单元 (x,y)的坐标值 x、 y和相应的光强 i!(x,y)、 i2(x,y)、 ¥x,y) 和 l4(x,y), 重复步骤③的计算, 直至所有的矩阵单元 (x,y)计算后, 即获得了待测样 品 (3) 的相位延迟量分布矩阵和快轴方位角分布矩阵;
当所述的测量装置的第一检偏器 (61)的透振方向与所述的四分之一波片 (5)的快 轴方向分别成 135°时, 所述的计算机 (8) 进行步骤⑤⑥的处理-
⑤所述的计算机 (8) 对所述的待测样品 (3) 上的矩阵单元 (x, y) 对应的光强 W^y^ I2(x,y)、 I3(x,y)和 I4(x,y)进行下列运算并定义:
2I2(x,y)
Vx (x, y) = sin(S(x, y)) sm(20(x, y))
(x,y) + I (x,y)
V2 (x, y) = sm{S{x, y)) cos(2^( , ) =
Figure imgf000017_0001
V3(x,y) = cos(S(x,y)) = ^77 、—1
Ι2(χ,γ) + Ι,(χ,γ) 当 当 当
Figure imgf000017_0002
, 经过下列计算得到待测样品 (3)上该矩阵单元 (x, y)的相位延迟量 δ(χ, y)在 0 180°范围内的值; 当 r2(:c, < O& Cc, < 0时, ^cj) = ^arCtan(^ )-90°,
2 V2(x,y) 当 ^(, >0时, = arCtan(^ ),
2 V2(x,y) 当 V2 (x, < 0 & (JC, > 0时, 0(x, =丄 arctan ) + 90°,
2 V2{x,y)
经过下列计算得到待测样品 (3 )上该矩阵单元 (x, y)的快轴方位角 θ(χ, y)在 -90。 90°范围内的值;
⑥依次改变矩阵单元 (x,y)的坐标值 χ、 y和相应的光强 l!(x, y)、 l2(x,y)、 Ι3(χ, y) 和 I4(x,y), 重复步骤⑤的计算, 直至所有的矩阵单元 (x,y)计算后, 即获得待测样品 (3 ) 的相位延迟量分布矩阵和快轴方位角分布矩阵。
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