WO2013181912A1 - 具有仿生结构的复合材料及其制备方法和建模方法 - Google Patents

具有仿生结构的复合材料及其制备方法和建模方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013181912A1
WO2013181912A1 PCT/CN2012/086781 CN2012086781W WO2013181912A1 WO 2013181912 A1 WO2013181912 A1 WO 2013181912A1 CN 2012086781 W CN2012086781 W CN 2012086781W WO 2013181912 A1 WO2013181912 A1 WO 2013181912A1
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Prior art keywords
loofah
fiber
bionic
composite material
guiding
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PCT/CN2012/086781
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
单忠德
吴晓川
刘丰
康怀镕
Original Assignee
机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心
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Priority claimed from CN201210187806.7A external-priority patent/CN102693345B/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201220269287 external-priority patent/CN202826435U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201210187810.3A external-priority patent/CN102729494B/zh
Application filed by 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 filed Critical 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心
Priority to EP12878317.2A priority Critical patent/EP2860649B1/en
Publication of WO2013181912A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013181912A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/546Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10Numerical modelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of bionic manufacturing, and in particular to a composite material having a biomimetic structure, a preparation method thereof and a modeling method.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Composite materials are widely used in aerospace, automotive, artificial biological tissues and advanced sporting goods due to their good comprehensive performance and small specific gravity. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology, the demand for composite materials in various industries is increasing, and the demand for composite parts is also developing in the direction of large-scale and complicated.
  • the problem of incomplete impregnation such as high porosity and a large amount of dry fibers needs to be improved.
  • the emergence of the three-dimensional weaving method solves the problem that the conventional composite material will be delaminated when subjected to external impact, but the three-dimensional braided composite preform will still have incomplete impregnation defects during the subsequent impregnation of the resin.
  • the three-dimensional woven preform is improved in overall mechanical properties due to the close contact between the fibers, but it is precisely because of the tight bonding between the fibers that the resin is difficult to completely penetrate the preform during the impregnation process, and the pores are prone to occur between the bundles, and the composite after impregnation
  • the material will still reduce its mechanical properties due to defects such as pores and dry fibers, so the requirements for molding process and impregnation equipment are relatively high.
  • Attempts have been made to improve the woven preform structure of the composite material, that is, to improve the infiltration property of the matrix material such as resin by improving the spatial structure of the preform under the existing advanced molding process conditions, thereby solving the porosity.
  • the present invention is directed to a composite material having a biomimetic structure, a preparation method thereof and a modeling method for solving the technical problem of incomplete impregnation of the composite material preform in the prior art.
  • a modeling method of a composite preform having a biomimetic structure is provided.
  • the method comprises the following steps: 1) statistically analyzing and analyzing the spatial structure characteristic value of the loofah, and obtaining an average value of the eigenvalue; 2) modeling based on the average value of the eigenvalue, obtaining a primary loofah structure model, primary loofah
  • the structural model includes a plurality of structural units connected to each other; 3) performing a finite element stress analysis on the primary loofah structure model, According to the force deformation cloud diagram of the primary loofah structure model, the structural unit is structurally adjusted, and the bionic loofah structure model is obtained as the structural model of the composite prefabricated body.
  • the spatial structural characteristic values of the loofah include: a distance between the longitudinal fibers of the monolithic lobe and the structural unit in the loofah, the position of the node group of the transverse fiber and the longitudinal fiber, and between the nodes in the node group. The phase relationship and the size of the space between the fibers connected to each node.
  • the modeling uses CAD software
  • the finite element force analysis uses ANSYS software. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of preparing a composite material having a biomimetic structure is provided.
  • the method comprises the following steps: 1) constructing a guiding device based on the modeled bionic loofah structure model and determining the winding sequence of the fiber; 2) winding the fiber on the guiding device according to the determined winding order of the fiber to obtain a bionic loofah structure As a composite preform; 3) Combining the bionic loofah structure with the matrix to form a composite.
  • the guiding device comprises: a guiding template, a guiding sleeve group, comprising a plurality of guiding sleeves, wherein the guiding sleeve is fixedly arranged on the guiding template, and the guiding sleeve is provided with a groove according to a node position in the bionic loofah structure model, for embedding Fiber.
  • the material of the guiding sleeve is carbon fiber or metal; the material of the fiber is carbon fiber or aramid fiber.
  • the matrix is a polymer or a metal, wherein the polymer comprises an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an amino resin, an unsaturated polyester.
  • a composite material having a biomimetic structure comprises: a bionic loofah structure obtained according to a model of a bionic loofah structure, and a matrix filled in a bionic loofah structure.
  • the bionic loofah structure comprises: a guiding sleeve group, which is composed of a plurality of guiding sleeves; the fibers are wound on the guiding sleeve group according to the winding order of the fibers determined according to the model of the bionic loofah structure. Further, a groove for fitting the fiber is provided on the guide sleeve.
  • the bionic loofah structure comprises a plurality of structural units, each structural unit comprising a transverse fiber layer and a guiding sleeve group disposed across the transverse fiber layer. Further, the fibers in the transverse fiber layer are not in the same plane as the nodes of each of the guide sleeves in each of the guide sets.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing a structure of a bionic loofah structure of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing a structural unit of a bionic loofah structure of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a fiber weaving path of a structural unit of a bionic loofah structure of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing a bionic loofah of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the top view of the structural unit of the structure.
  • Loofah is a microtubule bundle of the mature fruit of Cucurbitaceae, the main component of which is cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
  • the whole system is a spatial network interwoven by intricately grown filamentous fibers.
  • the cross-section shows three "B"-shaped holes running through the longitudinal direction, which cuts the outer fiber web of the hole and presents the internal space structure of the loofah, mainly composed of irregular transverse fiber layers and dense outer layers. The fibers are tightly connected.
  • the inner fiber layer is a three-dimensional structure rather than a laminated structure, that is, the connection point of the same fiber layer and each longitudinal fiber is not in the same plane; and the connection point of the same fiber layer and the single longitudinal fiber is also in the form of a node group, that is, The connection points of the individual fiber bundles contained in a certain fiber layer and the same longitudinal fiber are not the same, but are distributed in a certain area in a certain regularity.
  • the upper and lower fiber layers form a semi-closed space with the longitudinal fibers on both sides.
  • the space is originally used to store the loofah seeds.
  • the loofah after removing the loofah seeds is the arrangement of the semi-closed holes and the pores. Complex fiber composition.
  • the axial direction of the loofah is due to the presence of the longitudinal fiber layer of the outer layer, so that the impact resistance in the Z direction is relatively high, and in the internal structure of the longitudinal fiber wrap, due to the existence of disordered pores, the arrangement of the pores is complicated at the same time.
  • the fibers are dense and the transverse fibers are maintained with the longitudinal fibers
  • the tight connection enables the loofah to have a load-bearing support structure when subjected to external forces, and has a high tensile, compressive and bending strength, and the existence of the above-mentioned pores makes the three-dimensional structure
  • the preform is more easily infiltrated when impregnating a base material such as a resin, and can effectively solve the problems of high porosity, dry fiber, and the like in the conventional composite material.
  • a method for modeling a composite preform having a biomimetic structure includes the following steps: 1) performing statistical and analysis on the spatial structural characteristic values of the loofah, and obtaining an average value of the characteristic values; 2) Based on the average value of the eigenvalues, the primary loofah structure model is obtained.
  • the primary loofah structure model contains multiple structural units connected to each other. 3)
  • the finite element force analysis of the primary loofah structure model is based on the primary loofah.
  • the structural deformation of the structural unit is carried out by the force deformation cloud diagram of the structural model, and the bionic loofah structure model is obtained as the structural model of the composite preform.
  • the inventors of the present invention creatively apply the structure of loofah to the preparation of composite preforms, so that the composite material has high tensile, compressive and bending strength, and effectively solves the existence of conventional composite preforms. Incomplete technical problems of impregnation.
  • the setting of the spatial structure characteristic value of the loofah can accurately describe the spatial structure of the loofah.
  • the spatial structural characteristic values of the loofah include: a distance between the longitudinal fibers of the monolithic lobe and the structural unit in the loofah, the position of the node group of the transverse fiber and the longitudinal fiber, and between the nodes in the node group The phase relationship, the angular extent of the space between the fibers connected to each node, and the various characteristic length values of the fibers in the spatial structural unit.
  • the distance between the longitudinal fibers corresponds to the distance between each of the two guide sleeves
  • the position of the node group corresponds to the position of the connection point between the single layer of the fiber layer and the guide sleeve
  • the phase relationship between the nodes should be specifically
  • the phase relationship between the three fiber bundles in the layer of fiber layers - the angle between each other and the distance between the points of connection with the guide sleeve, etc., and the above structural feature values are characteristic values of the structural unit and the overall structure.
  • the modeling can use software such as CAD
  • the finite element stress analysis can use software such as ANSYS, and of course other related software can also be applied thereto.
  • a method for preparing a composite material having a biomimetic structure includes the following steps: 1) constructing a guiding device based on the bionic loofah structure model obtained by the above modeling and determining a fiber winding sequence; 2) in the guiding device The fiber is wound according to the determined fiber winding sequence, and the bionic loofah structure is obtained as a composite preform; 3) the bionic loofah structure is combined with the matrix to form a composite material; the bonding process can be performed by a dipping method.
  • the guiding device comprises a guiding template and a plurality of guiding sleeve groups, wherein the guiding sleeve is fixedly disposed on the guiding template, and the guiding sleeve is provided with a groove according to the position of the node in the structural model of the composite preform for accommodating Fiber.
  • the material of the guiding sleeve is carbon fiber or metal; the material of the fiber is carbon fiber or aramid fiber.
  • the filler is a polymer or a metal, wherein the polymer comprises an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an amino resin, an unsaturated polyester.
  • a composite material having a biomimetic structure includes a bionic loofah structure and a matrix obtained according to the structural model of the composite preform described above, wherein the matrix is filled in the bionic loofah structure, the bionic loofah structure As a preform of the composite material.
  • the bionic loofah structure comprises a guiding sleeve group and a fiber, wherein the guiding sleeve group is composed of a plurality of guiding sleeves; the fibers are wound around the guiding sleeve group according to the fiber winding order determined according to the structural model of the composite preform having the biomimetic structure on.
  • the guide sleeve group in the composite material with the bionic structure (which can also be called the guide sleeve group relative to the longitudinal fiber) is equivalent to the longitudinal fiber of the loofah, and the fiber which is wound in the loofah in the form of a loofah is equivalent to the transverse direction of the loofah. fiber.
  • the guide sleeve is provided with a groove for fitting the fiber to prevent the fiber wound on the guide sleeve from sliding.
  • the bionic loofah structure may include a plurality of structural units, and the guiding sleeve group in the structural unit is arranged according to actual needs, for example, the guiding sleeve group may be arranged into different shapes, such as Cubes, circles, etc., each structural unit comprises a transverse fiber layer and an array of guide sleeves disposed across the transverse fiber layer.
  • the guide sleeve array can include nine guide sleeves arranged in a three-array array.
  • the guide sleeve is provided with a groove at the node of the bionic loofah structure, that is, the outer layer of the guide sleeve has a groove, and the distribution of the groove depends on the connection point of the fiber and the guide sleeve.
  • the fibers may be wound around the guide sleeve in the middle of the guide sleeve array, and the eight guide sleeves around the structural unit may become the center of other structural units, and therefore, the respective structural units are not independent.
  • the fiber layer of the composite material having the biomimetic structure is not in the same plane as the nodes of the respective guide sleeves, that is, the bite of the single fiber layer and the single guide sleeve exists in the form of a node group, that is, the single layer of the transverse fiber layer and
  • the single guide sleeve is connected by a plurality of nodes, and the connection point of the transverse fiber layer and each guide sleeve is not in the same plane (as shown in Fig. 1 and 2), which is beneficial to the improvement of tensile, compressive and bending strength of the composite material. .
  • the first step is to study the structural characteristics of the hole arrangement in the loofah, the winding method between the filaments and the combination of the transverse and longitudinal filaments, and then use CAD to simulate the model design, and debug the established model with ANSYS software.
  • the fitting groove according to the position of the occlusal point of the fiber bundle and the guiding sleeve is processed, and the processed guiding sleeve is arranged in order on the guiding template according to the requirements of a certain preform structure, and is enhanced during weaving.
  • the fiber traverses all of the guide sleeve grooves, which completes the preparation of the preform.
  • the inner fiber layer of the preform is tightly packed with the guide sleeve Closely combined, and a large number of channels for the flow of resin and other substrates are reserved, which not only avoids problems such as delamination and deformation, but also effectively improves problems such as difficulty in discharging bubbles and drying fibers during the impregnation process, and effectively improves composite material synthesis. performance.
  • Step 1 Characterize the spatial structure of the loofah, including the length of the distance between the longitudinal fibers used to support the overall structure, and the joints of the transverse fibers and the longitudinal fibers (nodes) The position of the group, the phase relationship between the nodes in the node group, the spatial angle between the fibers connected to each node, and the structural characteristic values of the loofahs of the various characteristic length values of the fiber bundles in the spatial structure unit Statistics and analysis, the average value of each of the above eigenvalues is obtained;
  • Step 2 The CAD model is designed on the computer by using each eigenvalue, and the three-dimensional structural unit of the pre-formed body of the bionic loofah space structure is obtained, as shown in FIG.
  • Step 3 Machine the groove in the outer layer of the guide sleeve. The distribution of the groove depends on the fiber and the guide in the model. Set the connection point setting; Step 4: Arrange the guide columns on the guide template according to the above structural model, and arrange the grooved guide sleeve on the guide column according to the cross-sectional profile of the rectangle, as shown in Fig.
  • Step 5 In the preparation of the preform, the fiber is shaped according to the three-dimensional structure in the CAD model.
  • the groove of the winding guide sleeve is prepared. For example, a single-layer fiber composed of three bundles of fiber bundles is woven from bottom to top and woven by the guide sleeve I, and the fiber bundle is wound around the guide sleeve ABCADEAFGAHI in turn.
  • the winding manner of the fiber bundle between the guide sleeves is as shown by the arrowed straight line in Fig.
  • the fiber bundle returns to the initial Positioning a guide sleeve I, the second weaving 4 is started at this time, and the path is that the fiber bundles are sequentially wound around the guide sleeve BCDEAEFAGHAI.
  • the pre-formed outer layer forms a complete bundle of fiber bundles, and a large number of wide triangular Z-direction channels are formed inside the preform.
  • Step 6 The filler is dipped into the preform, A composite material having a biomimetic structure is obtained.
  • the invention establishes the three-dimensional structure of the composite prefabricated body with the bionic structure through the spatial structural characteristics of the bionic loofah, and improves the comprehensive performance of the composite material.
  • the three-dimensional structure of the bionic loofah provided by the present invention has the advantages of:
  • the fiber layer is tightly combined with the guide sleeve, and the fiber layer is free of the concept of the layer in the long-range range.
  • the fiber layer is three-dimensionally distributed;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
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  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有仿生结构的复合材料及制备方法和建模方法,基于对丝瓜络的空间结构特征值进行统计与分析得到的特征值平均数值进行建模而得到初级丝瓜络结构模型,对初级丝瓜络结构模型进行有限元受力分析,并根据初级丝瓜络结构模型的受力变形云图对结构单元进行结构调整,得到丝瓜络结构模型作为复合材料预制体的结构模型。基于该结构模型构建导向装置并确定纤维缠绕顺序,在导向装置上按照所确定的纤维缠绕顺序进行纤维的缠绕,得到仿生丝瓜络结构作为复合材料预制体,将仿生丝瓜络结构与基体结合形成复合材料。由此模拟构建的复合材料具备较高的拉伸、压缩和弯曲强度,并且有效解决了传统复合材料预制体存在的浸渍不完全的问题。

Description

具有仿生结构的复合材料及其制备方法和建模方法 技术领域 本发明涉及一种仿生制造领域, 具体而言, 涉及一种具有仿生结构的复合材料及 其制备方法和建模方法。 背景技术 复合材料由于具有良好的综合性能、 比重小等特点被广泛的应用于航空航天、 汽 车、 人造生物组织以及高级体育用品等方面。 近些年, 随着科技水平的不断上升, 各 个行业对复合材料的需求量越来越大, 同时所需求的复合材料制件也向着大型化、 复 杂化的方向发展。 这就要求复合材料在制备过程中除了克服复合材料受力容易分层的 问题外, 孔隙率高、 干纤维较多等浸渍不完全的问题也有待改善。 三维编织方法的出现解决了传统复合材料承受外界冲击时会产生分层的问题, 但 是三维编织复合材料预制体在随后浸渍树脂过程中, 仍然会有浸渍不完全的缺陷。 三 维编织预制体由于纤维之间接触紧密, 整体力学性能上提升, 但是正是由于纤维之间 紧密的结合, 在浸渍过程中树脂难以完全浸透预制体, 纤维束之间容易出现孔隙, 浸 渍后复合材料仍会由于存在孔隙、 干纤维等缺陷而降低其力学性能, 因此对于成型工 艺和浸渍设备等要求都比较高。 尝试在复合材料的编织预制体结构上加以改进, 即在 现有的先进的成型工艺的条件下, 通过改进预制体的空间结构, 提高自身对树脂等基 体材料的浸润能力, 这样在解决孔隙率和干纤维等问题的同时, 还能有效的提高浸渍 速率, 并且解决了对现有成型设备要求严苛的问题, 从而节省了复合材料生产成本, 减少了生产能耗。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种具有仿生结构的复合材料及其制备方法和建模方法, 以解决 现有技术中复合材料预制体浸渍不完全的技术问题。 为了实现上述目的, 提供了一种具有仿生结构的复合材料预制体的建模方法。 该 方法包括以下步骤: 1 )对丝瓜络的空间结构特征值进行统计与分析, 得特征值的平均 数值; 2)基于特征值的平均数值进行建模, 得到初级丝瓜络结构模型, 初级丝瓜络结 构模型包含相互连接的多个结构单元 ; 3 )对初级丝瓜络结构模型进行有限元受力分析, 并根据初级丝瓜络结构模型的受力变形云图对结构单元进行结构调整, 得到仿生丝瓜 络结构模型作为复合材料预制体的结构模型。 进一步地, 丝瓜络的空间结构特征值包括: 整体丝瓜络及丝瓜络内的结构单元的 纵向纤维之间的距离长度、 横向纤维与纵向纤维的节点群的位置、 节点群中各个节点 之间的位相关系、 各节点所连接的纤维之间的空间夹角大小。 进一歩地, 建模采用 CAD软件, 有限元受力分析采用 ANSYS软件。 根据本发明的另一个方面, 提供了一种具有仿生结构的复合材料的制备方法。 该 方法包括以下步骤: 1 )基于建模得到的仿生丝瓜络结构模型构建导向装置并确定纤维 缠绕顺序; 2)在导向装置上按照所确定的纤维缠绕顺序进行纤维的缠绕, 得到仿生丝 瓜络结构作为复合材料预制体; 3 ) 将仿生丝瓜络结构与基体结合形成复合材料。 进一歩地, 导向装置包括: 导向模板, 导向套群, 包括多根导向套, 导向套固定 设置在导向模板上, 导向套上根据仿生丝瓜络结构模型中的节点位置设置凹槽, 用于 嵌合纤维。 进一步地, 导向套的材料为碳纤维或金属; 纤维的材料为碳纤维、 芳纶纤维。 进一步地, 基体为聚合物或金属, 其中, 聚合物包括环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂、 氨基 树脂、 不饱和聚酯。 根据本发明的再一个发明,提供一种具有仿生结构的复合材料。该复合材料包括: 按照仿生丝瓜络结构模型获得的仿生丝瓜络结构, 以及基体, 填充在仿生丝瓜络结构 中。 进一步地, 仿生丝瓜络结构包括: 导向套群, 由多根导向套构成; 纤维, 按照根 据仿生丝瓜络结构模型确定的纤维缠绕顺序缠绕在导向套群上。 进一步地, 导向套上设置有用于嵌合纤维的凹槽。 进一步地, 仿生丝瓜络结构包括多个结构单元, 每个结构单元包括横向纤维层和 与横向纤维层交叉设置的导向套群。 进一步地, 横向纤维层内的纤维与每个导向套群中的各导向套的节点均不在同一 个平面内。 应用本发明的技术方案, 可以模拟构建一种具有仿生丝瓜络结构的复合材料预制 体, 而这种仿生丝瓜络结构使得复合材料具备较高的拉伸、 压缩和弯曲强度, 并且有 效的解决了传统复合材料预制体存在的浸渍不完全的技术问题。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示 意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1示出了根据本发明实施例的复合材料的仿生丝瓜络结构的主视结构示意图; 图 2示出了根据本发明实施例的复合材料的仿生丝瓜络结构的结构单元的主视结 构示意图; 图 3示出了根据本发明实施例的复合材料的仿生丝瓜络结构的结构单元的纤维编 织路径示意图; 图 4示出了根据本发明实施例的复合材料的仿生丝瓜络结构的结构单元的俯视结 构示意图。 具体实施方式 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相 互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 丝瓜络是葫芦科植物丝瓜的成熟果实的微管束, 主要成分是纤维素、 半纤维素和 木质素, 全体系是由错综复杂生长的丝状纤维交织而成的空间网状物。 其横截面可见 三个贯穿纵向的" B"字形孔洞,将孔洞的外层纤维网切开, 呈现出丝瓜络的内部空间结 构, 主要由排布不规则的横向纤维层和外层密集的纵向纤维紧密连接构成。 内部纤维 层是立体结构而不是层合结构, 即同一纤维层与各纵向纤维的连接点并不在同一个平 面内; 并且同一纤维层与单个纵向纤维的连接点也以节点群的形式存在, 即某一纤维 层所包含的各个纤维束与同一纵向纤维的连接点并不是同一处, 而是以一定的规律分 布在一段区域内。 这样上下两层纤维层与两侧的纵向纤维形成了一个类似半封闭的空 间, 此空间原本是用来储存丝瓜籽的, 除去丝瓜籽后的丝瓜络就是由这些半封闭孔洞 和构成孔洞的排列复杂的纤维组成。 丝瓜络的轴向由于外层纵向纤维层的存在, 使得 Z 向的抗冲击能力比较高, 并且在纵向纤维包裹的内部结构上, 由于无序的孔洞的存 在, 同时构成这些孔洞的排列复杂的纤维较密集, 并且其横向纤维与纵向纤维保持着 紧密的连接, 使得丝瓜络在承受外界作用力时, 各向均有承载载荷的支撑结构, 则具 有较高的拉伸、 压缩和弯曲强度, 同时上述孔洞的存在, 使得具有这种三维结构的预 制体在浸渍树脂等基体材料时更容易浸润完全, 能够有效地解决传统复合材料存在的 孔隙率高、 干纤维等问题。 根据本发明一种典型的实施方式, 具有仿生结构的复合材料预制体的建模方法包 括以下步骤: 1 ) 对丝瓜络的空间结构特征值进行统计与分析, 得特征值的平均数值; 2)基于特征值的平均数值进行建模, 得到初级丝瓜络结构模型, 初级丝瓜络结构模型 包含相互连接的多个结构单元; 3 )对初级丝瓜络结构模型进行有限元受力分析, 并根 据初级丝瓜络结构模型的受力变形云图对结构单元进行结构调整, 得到仿生丝瓜络结 构模型作为复合材料预制体的结构模型。 本发明的发明人创造性的将丝瓜络这种结构 应用于复合材料预制体的制备, 从而使复合材料具备较高的拉伸、 压缩和弯曲强度, 并且有效的解决了传统复合材料预制体存在的浸渍不完全的技术问题。 丝瓜络的空间结构特征值的设定能够较准确的描述丝瓜络的空间结构即可。 优选 地, 丝瓜络的空间结构特征值包括: 整体丝瓜络及丝瓜络内的结构单元的纵向纤维之 间的距离长度、 横向纤维与纵向纤维的节点群的位置、 节点群中各个节点之间的位相 关系、 各节点所连接的纤维之间的空间夹角大小以及空间结构单元内纤维的各类特征 长度值。 其中, 纵向纤维之间的距离长度对应每两根导向套之间的距离, 节点群的位 置对应单层纤维层与导向套连接点们的位置, 各个节点之间的位相关系具体说应该是 每层纤维层中三个纤维束之间的位相关系-相互夹角和与导向套连接点之间的距离等, 以上的结构特征值是结构单元也是整体结构的特征值。 本发明中,建模可以采用 CAD等软件,有限元受力分析可以采用 ANSYS等软件, 当然其他相关软件也可应用于此。 根据本发明一种典型的实施方式, 具有仿生结构的复合材料的制备方法包括以下 步骤: 1 )基于上述建模得到的仿生丝瓜络结构模型构建导向装置并确定纤维缠绕顺序; 2)在导向装置上按照所确定的纤维缠绕顺序进行纤维的缠绕, 得到仿生丝瓜络结构作 为复合材料预制体; 3 ) 将仿生丝瓜络结构与基体结合形成复合材料;; 其结合的过程 可以采用浸渍的方法。 优选地, 导向装置包括导向模板和多根导向套群, 其中, 导向套固定设置在导向 模板上, 导向套上根据复合材料预制体的结构模型中的节点位置设置凹槽, 用于容置 嵌合纤维。 优选地, 导向套的材料为碳纤维或金属; 纤维的材料为碳纤维、 芳纶纤维。 优选 地, 填充物为聚合物或金属, 其中, 聚合物包括环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂、 氨基树脂、 不 饱和聚酯。 根据本发明一种典型的实施方式, 具有仿生结构的复合材料包括按照上述复合材 料预制体的结构模型获得的仿生丝瓜络结构以及基体, 其中, 基体填充在仿生丝瓜络 结构中, 仿生丝瓜络结构作为复合材料的预制体。 优选地, 仿生丝瓜络结构包括导向套群和纤维, 其中, 导向套群由多根导向套构 成; 纤维按照根据具有仿生结构的复合材料预制体的结构模型确定的纤维缠绕顺序缠 绕在导向套群上。 具有仿生结构的复合材料中的导向套群 (相对于纵向纤维也可以叫 做是导向套群) 相当于丝瓜络的纵向纤维, 呈丝瓜络状缠绕在导向套群上的纤维相当 于丝瓜络的横向纤维。 优选地, 导向套上设置有用于嵌合纤维的凹槽, 防止缠绕在导向套上的纤维滑动。 根据本发明一种典型的实施方式, 仿生丝瓜络结构可以是包括多个结构单元, 该 结构单元中的导向套群根据实际需要进行排列,如可以将导向套群排布成不同的形状, 如立方体、 圆形等, 每个结构单元包括横向纤维层和与横向纤维层交叉设置的导向套 阵列。 例如, 导向套阵列可以包括 9根导向套, 导向套成 3 阵列排列。 导向套上在 仿生丝瓜络状结构的节点处设置有凹槽, 即导向套外层有凹槽, 并且凹槽的分布依据 纤维与导向套的连接点而定。 根据本发明的实施例, 纤维可以以导向套阵列中间的导 向套为中心进行缠绕, 而此结构单元周围的 8根导向套又可以成为其他结构单元的中 心, 因此, 各个结构单元之间并不是独立的。 优选地, 具有仿生结构的复合材料的纤维层与各个导向套的节点不在同一个平面 内, 即单个纤维层与单个导向套的咬合是以节点群的形式存在, 即单层的横向纤维层 与单个导向套是以多个节点连接的, 横向纤维层与各个导向套的连接点不在同一个平 面内 (如图 1、 2所示), 这样有利于复合材料拉伸、 压缩和弯曲强度的改善。 实施例 首先研究丝瓜络中孔洞排布规律、 纤维丝之间的缠绕方式和横、 纵向纤维丝的结 合方式等结构特征, 然后利用 CAD进行模拟模型设计, 并结合 ANSYS软件对建立的 模型进行调试完善, 在导向套上在加工出依纤维束与导向套的咬合点位置而定的嵌合 槽, 按一定预制体结构要求将加工后的导向套有序排列在导向模板上, 在编织时增强 纤维遍历所有的导向套凹槽, 即完成预制体的编制。 该预制体内部纤维层与导向套紧 密结合, 且预留有大量供树脂等基体流动的通道, 不仅能避免脱层、 受力变形等问题, 还能有效改善浸渍过程中气泡难以排出、 干纤维等问题, 有效提高了复合材料综合性 能。 该实施例的具体操作步骤如下: 步骤一: 对丝瓜络的空间结构进行特征描述, 包括对各个用来支撑整体结构的纵 向纤维之间的距离长度、 横向纤维与纵向纤维的连接点群 (节点群) 的位置、 节点群 中各个节点之间的位相关系、 各节点所连接的纤维之间的空间夹角大小以及空间结构 单元内纤维束的各类特征长度值的丝瓜络的结构特征值做统计与分析, 得出上述各特 征值的平均数值; 步骤二: 利用各特征值在计算机上完成 CAD 模型的设计, 得到仿生丝瓜络空间 结构的预制体三维结构单元, 如图 1所示的纤维 1和导向套 2构成, 用有限元分析软 件如 ANSYS对所建立的结构模型进行受力分析, 根据结构间的受力变形云图对结构 单元进行结构上的微调, 完善该仿生丝瓜络的三维机构模型; 步骤三: 在导向套外层加工凹槽, 凹槽的分布依据模型中纤维与导向套的连接点 设定; 步骤四: 将导向柱按上述结构模型排列在导向模板上, 根据矩形的截面轮廓将带 有凹槽的导向套排布在导向柱上, 如图 3所示, 将带有凹槽的碳纤维导向套按 3x3排 列在导向模板上, 分别编号 A— I, 选取连续碳纤维束作为增强材料: 歩骤五: 在预制体制备时, 按 CAD 模型中的三维结构, 将纤维缠绕导向套的凹 槽进行编制, 以三束纤维束构成的单层纤维为例, 编织时由下而上一层一层编织, 由 导向套 I开始进行编织, 纤维束依次缠绕导向套 A-B-C-A-D-E-A-F-G-A-H-I, 纤维束 在导向套之间的缠绕方式如图 3中带箭头直线所示, 即同一纤维束与各导向套的咬合 点不在同一平面内; 第一道编织路径 3完成之后, 纤维束回到初始位置一导向套 I, 此 时开始第二次编织 4,其路径为纤维束依次缠绕导向套 B-A-C-D-A-E-F-A-G-H-A-I。两 道路径完成之后预制体外层形成了完整的纤维束包覆, 预制体内部形成大量宽阔的三 角形的 Z向通道。 待纤维遍历所有导向套的凹槽后, 取下缠绕纤维的导向套, 完成预 制体的编制, 其结构单元的俯视结构示意图如图 4所示; 步骤六: 将填充物浸渍进预制体中, 得到具有仿生结构的复合材料。 本发明通过仿生丝瓜络的空间结构特征, 建立具有仿生结构的复合材料预制体的 三维结构, 提高复合材料综合性能。 相对已有的复合材料编织预制体的结构来说, 本 发明所提供的仿生丝瓜络的三维结构, 其优势在于:
( 1 )纤维层与导向套结合紧密, 纤维层在长程范围内摆脱了层的概念, 预制体整 体结构中, 纤维层为立体分布的;
(2 ) 有效降低浸渍过程中出现的气泡难以排除、 孔隙率高等浸渍不完全的问题;
(3 ) 适用于大尺寸、 形状复杂的预制体制备, 并且制备过程自动化程度高。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种具有仿生结构的复合材料预制体的建模方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1 ) 对丝瓜络的空间结构特征值进行统计与分析, 得特征值的平均数值;
2)基于所述特征值的平均数值进行建模, 得到初级丝瓜络结构模型, 所述 初级丝瓜络结构模型包含相互连接的多个结构单元;
3)对所述初级丝瓜络结构模型进行有限元受力分析,并根据所述初级丝瓜 络结构模型的受力变形云图对所述结构单元进行结构调整, 得到仿生丝瓜络结 构模型作为所述复合材料预制体的结构模型。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的建模方法, 其特征在于, 所述丝瓜络的空间结构特征值 包括:整体所述丝瓜络及所述丝瓜络内的结构单元的纵向纤维之间的距离长度、 横向纤维与纵向纤维的节点群的位置、 节点群中各个节点之间的位相关系、 各 节点所连接的纤维之间的空间夹角大小。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的建模方法, 其特征在于, 所述建模釆用 CAD软件, 所 述有限元受力分析采用 ANSYS软件。
4. 一种具有仿生结构的复合材料的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
1 )基于如权利要求 1至 3中任一种建模方法建模得到的仿生丝瓜络结构模 型构建导向装置并确定纤维缠绕顺序;
2)在所述导向装置上按照所确定的纤维缠绕顺序进行纤维的缠绕,得到仿 生丝瓜络结构作为复合材料预制体;
3) 将所述仿生丝瓜络结构与基体结合形成所述复合材料。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述导向装置包括:
导向模板,
导向套群, 包括多根导向套, 所述导向套固定设置在所述导向模板上, 所 述导向套上根据所述仿生丝瓜络结构模型中的节点位置设置凹槽, 用于嵌合所 述纤维。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述导向套的材料为碳纤维或 金属; 所述纤维的材料选自碳纤维、 芳纶纤维。
7. 根据权利要求 4所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述基体为聚合物或金属, 其 中, 所述聚合物包括环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂、 氨基树脂、 不饱和聚酯。
8. 一种具有仿生结构的复合材料, 其特征在于, 包括- 按照如权利要求 1至 3中任一种建模方法建模得到的仿生丝瓜络结构模型 获得的仿生丝瓜络结构, 以及
基体, 填充在所述仿生丝瓜络结构中。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的具有仿生结构的复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述仿生丝瓜 络结构包括- 导向套群, 由多根导向套构成;
纤维, 按照根据所述仿生丝瓜络结构模型确定的纤维缠绕顺序缠绕在所述 导向套群上。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的具有仿生结构的复合材料, 其特征在于, 所述导向套上 设置有用于嵌合所述纤维的嵌合凹槽。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的具有仿生结构的复合材料,其特征在于,所述仿生丝瓜 络结构包括多个结构单元, 每个所述结构单元包括横向纤维层和与所述横向纤 维层交叉设置的导向套群。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的具有仿生结构的复合材料,其特征在于, 所述横向纤维 层内的纤维与每个所述导向套群中的各所述导向套的节点均不在同一个平面 内。
PCT/CN2012/086781 2012-06-08 2012-12-17 具有仿生结构的复合材料及其制备方法和建模方法 WO2013181912A1 (zh)

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