WO2013170628A1 - 多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备 - Google Patents

多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013170628A1
WO2013170628A1 PCT/CN2013/000552 CN2013000552W WO2013170628A1 WO 2013170628 A1 WO2013170628 A1 WO 2013170628A1 CN 2013000552 W CN2013000552 W CN 2013000552W WO 2013170628 A1 WO2013170628 A1 WO 2013170628A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impact
layer
impact head
resistance high
outer layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/000552
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘素华
Original Assignee
Liu Suhua
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liu Suhua filed Critical Liu Suhua
Priority to US14/400,598 priority Critical patent/US20150145316A1/en
Priority to CA2873251A priority patent/CA2873251A1/en
Priority to AU2013262355A priority patent/AU2013262355A1/en
Publication of WO2013170628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013170628A1/zh
Priority to IN10640DEN2014 priority patent/IN2014DN10640A/en
Priority to AU2016269516A priority patent/AU2016269516B2/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C27/00—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam
    • E21C27/10—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam by both slitting and breaking-down
    • E21C27/12—Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam by both slitting and breaking-down breaking-down effected by acting on the vertical face of the mineral, e.g. by percussive tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a multi-layer impact head with less resistance and high efficiency mining equipment suitable for use in the field of mining or engineering machinery.
  • the excavators mostly use hydraulic buckets to drive single buckets or single-tooth impact heads to break materials.
  • reciprocating impact shearers and reciprocating machines have been produced.
  • the impact type roadheader and the reciprocating impact type excavator are collectively referred to as the reciprocating impact mining machine.
  • the impact head of the reciprocating impact mining machine has a high material yield, low dust and low energy consumption, but its mining height and/or width cannot meet the mining current.
  • the need for thick coal seams or high coal seams or thick rock formations or high rock formations or thick cement concrete or wide cement concrete or thick asphalt concrete or wide asphalt concrete or thick-slab mudstone or wide-slab mudstone, in order to solve the mining thickness proposes a need for a coal seam or a high coal seam or a thick rock formation or a high rock formation or a thick cement concrete or a wide cement concrete or a thick asphalt concrete or a wide asphalt concrete or a thick-slab mudstone or a wide-slab mudstone A multi-layer impact head with low resistance and high efficiency mining equipment.
  • the multi-layer impact head less resistance high-efficiency mining equipment includes an impact power device, an impact head, etc., and is characterized in that: an impact head is arranged at one end or both ends of the impact power device, and each end of the impact power device is set. More than two impact heads, etc., two or more impact heads are arranged up and down and/or left and right, etc., to increase the mining height and/or the mining width.
  • the multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining equipment includes an impact power device, etc.
  • the impact power device includes an impact power box or an impact power bracket
  • the impact power box includes an impact mechanism, a guiding mechanism, a box body, etc.
  • the impact mechanism includes a hydraulic pressure.
  • the impact mechanism or the pneumatic impact mechanism or the electric impact mechanism, the electric impact mechanism includes a central shaft, a drive gear, a transmission gear, a crankshaft, a connecting rod, etc.
  • the connecting rod includes a power impacting member, and the connecting rod and the power impacting member are separately connected or integrated
  • the box supports the central axis, etc.
  • the driving gear is disposed on the central shaft or integrated with the central shaft, the box supports the crankshaft, the transmission gear is disposed on the crankshaft, and the transmission gear is connected to the crankshaft separately or integrated.
  • the driving gear meshes with the transmission gear, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the crankshaft, the other end is connected with the impact head, the box body supports the guiding mechanism, etc., the guiding mechanism includes an impact guiding member, etc., one or both ends of the impact guiding member are provided with an impact head, etc., impact
  • the guide member is connected to the impact head separately or separately or integrated, and the central shaft drives Moving gear, a drive gear driven by the transmission gear, the transmission gear rotates the crankshaft, a crankshaft driven by reciprocation of the connecting rod, the connecting rod driven to reciprocate the impact head, the impact by the impact head guide member guide reciprocates.
  • Impact guide It is connected or integrated with the power impactor.
  • the impact power device comprises a box body, a plug, a control valve, etc.
  • the box body comprises two or more cavities, and more than two plug hammers are arranged in two or more chambers
  • the control unit controls liquid or gas, liquid or The gas or the like drives two or more plug hammers to reciprocate, two or more plug hammers drive two or more impact heads to reciprocate impact, and two or more chambers are arranged up and down and/or left and right, etc., to increase the height or width of the mining.
  • the plug hammer includes a plug rod or the like, and one or both ends of the plug rod are provided with a mechanism for preventing damage to the power impact member.
  • the drive gear drives more than one transmission gear or the like.
  • crankshaft and/or the central shaft include two or more eccentric shafts and the like.
  • the transmission gear drives the transmission gear to rotate, etc., each transmission gear drives the crankshaft to rotate, and at least one eccentric shaft is arranged on the crankshaft.
  • the one or more crankshafts are symmetrically disposed or asymmetrically disposed with respect to the central axis.
  • More than one eccentric shaft or the like is disposed on the central axis, and the eccentric shaft is hinged to the connecting rod.
  • the eccentric shaft is disposed on one or more sides of the transmission gear and/or the drive gear.
  • the impact power device comprises a guiding mechanism or the like, and the guiding mechanism comprises a floating friction guiding mechanism or a rolling friction guiding mechanism or a sliding friction guiding mechanism, and the guiding mechanism comprises an impact guiding member, a guiding support member, a guiding body, etc., the guiding support member and the box
  • the body body or the body body is connected or integrated, and a guide body or the like is disposed between the guide support member and the impact guide member.
  • the two impact heads are staggered in front and rear, and the like.
  • the impact guides of the two impact heads adjacent to each other are used to save space by sharing a guide body and the like.
  • the one connecting rod drives one or more impact heads and the like.
  • the anti-damage power impacting mechanism includes a rotating damage-proof power impacting mechanism or a split-proof damage-proof dynamic impacting mechanism or a buffering and damaging power-impacting mechanism.
  • the reaction force generated by the impact head impact layer is applied to the damage prevention power impact mechanism, etc.
  • the buffering and damaging power impacting device mechanism absorbs the shock reaction force by buffer absorption, and the impact reaction force is prevented from damaging the impact power device.
  • the rotating damage-proof power impact mechanism includes a joint bearing or a steering joint or a ball cage universal joint or a cross universal joint or a ball-end buckle groove or a curved buckle groove type.
  • the guide body includes a suspension guide body or a rolling guide body or the like.
  • the rolling guide body comprises a spherical rolling guide or an elliptical rolling guide or a bell-shaped rolling guide or a cylindrical rolling guide or a tapered rolling guide or a circular rolling guide or a roller rolling guide or a table
  • the suspension guide body includes a suspension guide body or a suspension gas guide body or a suspension magnetic guide body or the like.
  • the plurality of impact heads alternately impact materials and the like, and reduce the damage of the impact force device caused by the simultaneous impact of the plurality of impact heads at the same time.
  • a lubricating fluid passage or the like is disposed on the central shaft and/or the crankshaft and/or the connecting rod or the like.
  • the impact head includes an impact tooth, a carrier, and the like.
  • the impact teeth are arranged in a step shape on the rack, forming a stepped impact head or a tapered impact head, etc., impacting the material layer into a step shape, and breaking the structural strength of the material layer, etc.
  • the step type impact head utilizes a stepped material layer Continuous impact, reduce impact resistance, etc., increase the depth of the excavation, etc., and use the stepped material layer to make the material into the size of the block suitable for transportation and use in the next impact.
  • a water spray mechanism and/or a spray mechanism or the like is disposed on the rack.
  • the impacting teeth include clear teeth and/or blanking teeth, etc., and the clear teeth clean the material layer into a desired shape, which is beneficial to support and facilitates passage of the fuselage.
  • the multi-layer impact head has low resistance and high efficiency mining equipment including a fuselage, a walking portion, etc., an impact power device and the like are disposed on the fuselage, the walking portion drives the body to walk, and the body drives the impact power device to walk.
  • the multi-layer impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment includes a lifting mechanism, etc., and the lifting mechanism includes a vertical lifting mechanism or a rocker arm or a translation lifting mechanism.
  • the multi-layer impact head less resistance high-efficiency mining equipment includes a rocker arm, etc., one end of the rocker arm is disposed on the fuselage body, and the other end of the rocker arm is connected with the impact power device.
  • the body or the traveling portion includes a rotating disk or the like, and the rotating disk is disposed at an upper front end of the body or at an upper portion of the lower traveling portion of the body.
  • the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the impact power device is disposed on the rotating disk, and the rotating disk rotates to drive the vertical lifting
  • the lowering mechanism or the rocker arm rotates, and the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the like drives the impact power device to rotate.
  • the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the impact power device is disposed on the body, and the rotating disk drives the body to rotate, and the body drives the impact power device to rotate.
  • the rocker arm includes a four-link rocker arm mechanism or a single rocker arm mechanism or the like.
  • the single rocker arm mechanism includes a rotating single rocker arm mechanism or a telescopic single rocker arm mechanism or a telescopic rotary single rocker arm mechanism or a bent single rocker arm mechanism.
  • the impact head is supported by one or more impact guides or the like to form a multi-point support structure to correct the impact direction of the impact head and the like.
  • the impact head comprises a punching outer layer mechanism and an inner layer materialing mechanism, the punching outer layer material mechanism and the punching inner layer material mechanism are arranged close to each other, and the punching outer layer material mechanism comprises a punching outer layer material tooth, etc., and the inner layer material is punched.
  • the mechanism includes punching the inner layer of the material, etc., and the shape and/or arrangement of the teeth of the outer layer is favorable for flushing the outer layer of the material to be collected, etc., and the gap between the teeth of the outer layer is favorable for the inner layer.
  • the material flushed by the material mechanism flows out from the gap between the teeth of the outer layer or the material of the outer layer is arranged to discharge the material flushed by the inner layer material mechanism, and the inner layer material mechanism and the outer layer material mechanism Cooperate with the impact of blanking and discharging, so that the fuselage can smoothly pass through continuous mining.
  • the punching and outer layer material mechanism comprises a punching outer material tooth, a punching outer material tooth seat, an outer layer material protecting member, etc., and the outer layer material tooth seat and the outer layer material tooth are connected separately or integrated.
  • the rushing inner layer material comprises a punching inner material tooth, an inner layer material tooth seat, a punching inner layer material guarding piece, etc., and the inner layer material tooth seat and the inner layer material toothing body are connected or integrated, etc.
  • the outer layer protection member and the outer layer material tooth holder are separately connected or integrated, and the inner layer material protection member and the inner layer material tooth holder are separately connected or integrated, and the impact power box drives the outer layer.
  • the punching outer layer protection member comprises an outer layer material protection plate
  • the outer layer material protection plate is arranged along the periphery of the punching outer material tooth holder
  • the inner layer material protection member comprises an inner layer material protection plate, etc.
  • the inner layer protective plate is arranged along the periphery of the punching inner material tooth holder.
  • the flushing inner layer protection member reciprocates with the inner layer material tooth seat
  • the outer layer material protection member reciprocates with the outer layer material tooth seat
  • the impact power box reciprocates and the fitting portion is provided with a wear-resistant gap.
  • the flushing inner material protective plate comprises a punching inner layer protective plate sealing member, etc.
  • the outer layer material protective plate comprises a punching outer layer protective plate sealing member, etc.
  • the position of the seal of the layer protection plate is set at the end of the impact power box, the impact power box includes the impact power box seal, etc., and the impact power box seal is disposed in the inner layer
  • the protective plate and the outer layer protective plate are always overlapped.
  • the joint portion of the inner layer protective plate and the inner layer material tooth holder is provided with a sealing member, and the joint portion of the outer layer material protective plate and the outer layer material tooth holder is provided with a sealing member and the like.
  • the impact power box includes a guard plate stroke groove
  • the outer layer material protection member includes an outer layer material protection plate
  • the inner layer material protection member includes an inner layer material protection plate
  • the inner layer material protection plate and the The adjacent portion of the outer layer protective plate reciprocates in the groove of the protective plate.
  • the protective plate travel groove is provided with an elastic body or the like.
  • the free end of the outer layer protective plate is provided with an elastic body or the like and/or the inner end of the inner layer protective plate is provided with an elastic body or the like.
  • the elastic body is elastically deformed to shake off the material brought into the outer layer protective plate and/or the inner layer protective sheet and/or the material falling into the groove of the protective plate.
  • the elastic body absorbs the impact reaction force of the punching outer layer mechanism and/or the punching layer material mechanism by elastic deformation.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are:
  • Multi-layer impact head with less resistance and high efficiency mining equipment with impact heads at one or both ends of the impact power unit, more than two impact heads at each end of the impact power unit, two or more impact heads arranged up and down and/or
  • the left and right layout increases the mining height and/or the mining width.
  • the multi-layer impact head has less resistance and high efficiency mining equipment.
  • the driving gear drives the transmission gear to rotate, the transmission gear drives the crankshaft to rotate, increases the impact of multiple impact heads, and changes the impact of one crankshaft on the impact head.
  • the impact head is made too high and too wide, resulting in a defect that the impact head is subjected to excessive impact resistance and low efficiency;
  • the drive gear can drive two or more transmission teeth to rotate, which can form upper and lower and/or left and right multi-layer impact head impact structures.
  • Multiple impact heads increase the height and width, and each impact head impacts the impact head.
  • the width of the width is moderate and reasonable, which greatly reduces the impact resistance, reduces the impact of the impact of a single shovel on the impact power box, and the multiple impact shovel alternate impact power utilization is reasonable and high efficiency;
  • crankshaft is symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis, and the structure is stable and the force is balanced;
  • More than one eccentric shaft is arranged on the central axis, so that the central shaft drives more than one impact head impact, so that the central shaft has the transmission function and the impact blanking function, and the space utilization ratio is high and compact;
  • the eccentric shaft is arranged on both sides of the transmission gear and/or the driving gear, and the support structure of the box body or the bracket is reasonable and stable;
  • a damage-proof power impact mechanism is arranged between the connecting rod and the impact head, and a reaction force generated by the impact head impact layer is applied to the damage-proof dynamic impact member mechanism, and the rotary anti-damage power impact mechanism mechanism rotates to decompose the impact reaction force or
  • the split-proof and damage-resistant power impact mechanism mechanism can absorb the impact reaction force through the shock absorption reaction force by the split isolation shock reaction force or the buffer damage prevention power impact mechanism mechanism, and avoid the impact reaction force from damaging the impact power device.
  • the rolling guide body and/or the suspension guide body greatly reduce the frictional resistance of the reciprocating impact, reduce the noise and improve the efficiency
  • the lubricating oil passages provided on the central shaft and / or the crankshaft and / or the connecting rod improve the lubrication and cooling effect on the central shaft, the crankshaft and the connecting rod, and ensure the reliability of the system operation;
  • the rotating disc is arranged at the front end of the upper part of the fuselage, and the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm is arranged on the rotating disc.
  • the rotation of the rotating disc drives the rocker arm to rotate, and the rocker arm drives the impact power device to rotate, thereby realizing multi-directional impact blanking and excavating;
  • the rotating disc is arranged on the upper part of the lower part of the fuselage.
  • the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the power impact device is arranged on the fuselage.
  • the rotating disc drives the fuselage to rotate, and the fuselage drives the impact power device to rotate, achieving multi-directional impact.
  • the four-link rocker arm mechanism ensures that the impact guide is always parallel to the fuselage, ensuring that the impact head vertically impacts the layer.
  • Rotating single rocker arm mechanism or telescopic single rocker arm mechanism or telescopic rotary single rocker arm mechanism or bending single rocker arm mechanism increases the flexibility of impact head impact mining and expands the width and / or height of impact head impact mining .
  • the impact head is supported by two or more impact guides to form a multi-point support structure to correct the impact direction of the impact head, reducing the pressure and damage caused by the single impact guide supporting the impact head.
  • the shape and/or arrangement of the teeth of the outer layer of the outer layer is favorable for flushing off the outer layer of the material to be collected, and the gap between the teeth of the outer layer is favorable for the material to be flushed by the inner layer material.
  • the gap between the gaps of the outer material teeth or the outer layer material mechanism is arranged to discharge the material flushed by the inner layer material mechanism, and the inner layer material mechanism and the outer layer material mechanism cooperate to realize the impact blanking material discharge. , so that the fuselage can smoothly pass the continuous mining.
  • the impact power box drives the punching outer layer material mechanism and the punching inner layer material mechanism to reciprocate, and the outer layer material guarding piece, the inner layer material guarding piece and the impact power box are always partially overlapped to prevent the material from entering the punching area.
  • the layer protection member and the impact power box and/or prevent the material from entering the inner layer protection member and the impact power box, preventing the material from entering the impact power box and the flushing layer material mechanism and/or the punching layer material mechanism.
  • the hindrance to the impact stroke improves the cleanliness of the working parts of the impact power unit.
  • the position of the inner layer protective plate seal and/or the outer layer protective plate seal is set at the end of the impact power box, and the impact power box seal is disposed on the inner layer protective plate and the punch.
  • the outer layer protective plate always overlaps the end, which further improves the cleanliness of the working parts of the impact power unit and ensures the safe and reliable operation of the equipment.
  • the elastic groove is arranged in the groove of the protective plate, and the elastic end of the outer end of the protective plate of the outer layer is provided with an elastic body and/or the inner end of the protective plate of the inner layer is provided with an elastic body, and the elastic body is elastically deformed to be an outer layer.
  • the material brought in by the material protection board and/or the inner layer protection board and/or other materials falling into the groove of the protection plate are shaken off, and the elastic body absorbs the outer layer material mechanism and/or the inner layer by elastic deformation.
  • the impact reaction of the material mechanism ensures the safe operation of the entire equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the multi-impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of the first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of the multi-layer impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of Embodiment 2;
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the multi-layer impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment in Embodiment 2;
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the multi-impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of Embodiment 3;
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view showing the multi-impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of the fourth embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the A-A direction of the multilayer impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment in the fourth embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view showing the connecting rod of the multi-layer impact head less resistance and high efficiency mining equipment in Embodiment 5;
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view showing the connecting rod of the multi-layer impact head less resistance and high efficiency mining equipment in Embodiment 6;
  • Figure 9 is a front elevational view showing the connecting rod of the multi-layer impact head less resistance and high efficiency mining equipment in the seventh embodiment
  • Figure 10 is a front elevational view of the impact head of the multi-layer impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of the embodiment 8;
  • Figure 11 is a front elevational view showing the multi-impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of the embodiment 9;
  • Figure 12 is a front elevational view showing the multi-impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of the embodiment 10;
  • Figure 13 is a front elevational view showing the multi-impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of the embodiment 11;
  • Figure 14 is a top plan view of the multilayer impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of the embodiment 12;
  • Figure 15 is a front elevational view of the multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining equipment flushing material mechanism in the embodiment 13;
  • Figure 16 is a top plan view of the multi-layer impact head less resistance high efficiency mining equipment of the embodiment 14;
  • the multi-layer impact head less resistance high-efficiency mining equipment includes an impact power device 1, an impact head 2, and an impact is provided at both ends of the impact power device 1.
  • the head 2 two impact heads 2 are disposed at each end of the impact power unit 1, and the two impact heads 2 are arranged up and down to increase the mining height.
  • the impact power unit 1 can be provided with an impact head 2 at one end.
  • the impact power unit 1 can be provided with more than two impact heads at each end.
  • the impact head 2 can be arranged left and right to increase the mining width.
  • the multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining equipment described in Embodiment 2 including the impact power device 1, the impact power device 1 is an impact power box 3, and the impact power box 3 includes an impact mechanism 4, and is guided.
  • the mechanism 5, the box body 6, the impact mechanism 4 is an electric impact mechanism, and the electric impact mechanism includes a central shaft 7, a drive gear 8, a transmission gear 9, a crankshaft 10, a connecting rod 11, the casing 6 supports the central shaft 7, and the driving gear 8 is disposed.
  • the casing 6 supports the crankshaft 10
  • the transmission gear 9 is disposed on the crankshaft 10
  • the transmission gear 9 is connected to the crankshaft 10
  • the drive gear 8 is meshed with the transmission gear 9
  • one end of the connecting rod 11 is connected to the crankshaft 10.
  • the other end is connected to the impact head 2
  • the box body 6 supports the guiding mechanism 5
  • the guiding mechanism 5 includes an impact guiding member 12, and the impact guiding member 12 is provided at both ends of the impact guiding member 12, and the impact guiding member 12 is connected to the impact head 2 separately.
  • the central shaft 7 drives the driving gear 8 to rotate, the driving gear 8 drives the transmission gear 9 to rotate, the transmission gear 9 rotates with the crankshaft 10, and the crankshaft 10 drives the connecting rod 11 to reciprocate, and the connecting rod 11 Percussive head 2 reciprocates, the impact head guide 212 reciprocates by the impact of the guide member.
  • the impact power device 1 can be an impact power bracket.
  • the impact mechanism 4 can be a hydraulic impact mechanism or a pneumatic impact mechanism.
  • the drive gear 8 can be integral with the central shaft 7.
  • the transmission gear 9 can be integral with the crankshaft 10.
  • the impact guide 12 and the impact head 2 may be separate or integral.
  • the crankshaft 10 includes two eccentric shafts.
  • the impact power device 1 includes a casing 6, a plug 13, and a control valve.
  • the casing 6 includes two cavities, and two cavities.
  • Two plug hammers 13 are provided, the plug 13 includes a plug rod 14, and one end of the plug rod 14 is provided with a damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15, which controls the liquid to control the liquid, and the liquid drives the two plug hammers 13 to reciprocate, and the two plug hammers 13 drive
  • the two impact heads 2 reciprocate, and the two cavities are arranged up and down to increase the mining height.
  • the control valve can also control the gas, and the gas drives the plug hammer 13 to reciprocate.
  • the two cavities can also be arranged on the left and right to increase the mining width.
  • the impact power unit 1 includes a guiding mechanism 5, the guiding mechanism 5 is a rolling friction guiding mechanism, and the guiding mechanism 5 includes an impact guiding member 12.
  • the guide support member 16 and the guide body 17 are integrally formed with the box body 6.
  • the guide body 17 is disposed between the guide support member 16 and the impact guide member 12.
  • the two impact heads 2 are interlaced forward and backward, and two impact heads are provided. 2
  • the adjacent front and rear staggered impact guides 12 share a guide body 17 to save space, and the guide body is a waist drum rolling guide body.
  • the guiding mechanism 5 can also be a floating friction guiding mechanism.
  • the guide body 17 can be a suspension guide or a rolling guide.
  • the rolling guide body can also be a spherical rolling guide or an elliptical rolling guide or a dumbbell-shaped rolling guide or a cylindrical rolling guide or a tapered rolling guide or a circular rolling guide or a roller rolling guide or Table-shaped column rolling guide or table-shaped ball rolling guide or table-shaped drum rolling guide or grooved drum rolling guide or grooved column rolling guide or grooved ball rolling guide or grooved roller rolling guide or groove-shaped elliptical rolling Guide body or shaft rolling guide or perforated rolling guide or multi-ribbed rolling guide or multi-ribe rolling guide or drum-shaped rolling guide or ball rolling guide or needle rolling guide or roller rolling guide Body or linear bearing rolling guides, etc.
  • the suspension guide can be a suspension guide or a suspension gas guide or a suspension magnetic guide. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the connecting rod 11 is a connecting rod 11 of the multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining equipment described in Embodiment 5, and one end of the connecting rod 11 is provided with a damage-proof power impacting mechanism 15 for preventing damage to the shock-proof power impacting mechanism 15
  • the power impact component mechanism, the buffering and damaging power impact component mechanism is set as a disc spring, and the disc spring absorbs and decomposes the impact reaction force through the buffer to prevent the impact reaction force from damaging the impact power device.
  • the damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15 may also be a rotating damage-proof power impact member mechanism or a split-proof damage-proof power impact member mechanism.
  • the rotating damage-proof power impacting mechanism may be a joint bearing or a steering joint or a ball cage universal joint or a cross universal joint or a ball-end buckle groove or a curved buckle groove type.
  • the connecting rod 11 is a connecting rod 11 of the multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining equipment described in Embodiment 6, and one end of the connecting rod 11 is provided with a damage-proof power impacting mechanism 15 for preventing damage to the shock-damping power impacting mechanism 15
  • the power impacting device mechanism, the buffering and damaging power impacting mechanism is set as a polyurethane cushion, and the polyurethane cushion absorbs and decomposes the impact reaction force through the buffer to prevent the impact reaction force from damaging the impact power device, and the lubricating rod 18 is disposed on the connecting rod 11.
  • the power impact device mechanism, the buffering and damaging power impacting device mechanism is set as a spring, and the spring absorbs and decomposes the impact reaction force through the buffer to prevent the impact reaction force from damaging the impact power device.
  • the impact head 10 is an impact head of the multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining device described in Embodiment 8, the impact head includes an impact tooth 19 and a carrier 20, and the impact teeth 19 are arranged in a step shape on the carrier 20 to form a step.
  • Impact head impacting the material layer into a step shape, breaking the compressive stress of the material layer, the stepped impact head uses the stepped material layer to continuously impact, reducing the impact resistance, increasing the mining depth, and using the stepped material layer for the next impact
  • the material is of a granularity suitable for transportation and use, and a water spray mechanism 21 is arranged on the carrier. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining device according to Embodiment 9, including an impact power device 1, an impact head 2, a fuselage 22, a running portion 23, and a lifting mechanism 24, and the lifting mechanism 24 is a rocker arm.
  • the rocker arm is arranged as a four-link rocker arm mechanism, one end of the rocker arm is disposed on the body 22, the other end of the rocker arm is connected with the impact power device 1, the walking portion 23 drives the body 22 to walk, and the body 22 drives the impact power device 1 walk.
  • the lifting mechanism 24 can be a vertical lifting mechanism or a rocker arm or a translational lifting mechanism.
  • the body 22 includes a rotating disk 25, the rotating disk 25 is disposed at an upper front end of the body 22, and the rocker arm is disposed on the rotating disk 25.
  • the rotating disk 25 rotates to drive the rocker arm to rotate, the rocker arm drives the impact power device 1 to rotate, the rocker arm is a single rocker arm mechanism, and the single rocker arm mechanism is a telescopic rotating single rocker arm mechanism 26.
  • the single rocker arm mechanism may also be a rotating single rocker arm mechanism or a telescopic single rocker arm mechanism or a bent single rocker arm mechanism.
  • Figure 13 is a multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining apparatus according to Embodiment 11, the traveling portion 23 includes a rotating disk 25, and the rotating disk 25 is disposed at an upper portion of the lower traveling portion 23 of the body 22, and one end of the rocker arm is disposed at the body 22, the other end of the rocker arm is connected with the impact power device 1, the rocker arm is a bent single rocker arm mechanism 27, the rotating disk 25 drives the body 22 to rotate, the body 22 drives the impact power device 1 to rotate, and the impact head 2 is composed of two More than one impact guide 12 supports the impact direction of the multi-point support structure to correct the impact head 2.
  • Figure 14 is a multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining equipment as described in Embodiment 12.
  • the impact head 2 includes an outer layer material mechanism 28 and an inner layer material mechanism 29, and an outer layer material mechanism 28 and an inner layer material.
  • the mechanism 29 is disposed close to the assembly, and the punching and outer material mechanism 28 includes the outer layer material 30, the outer layer tooth holder 31, the outer layer material guard 32, the outer layer material holder 31 and the outer layer material teeth 30 points.
  • the body connection, the inner layer material mechanism 29 comprises an inner layer material tooth 33, an inner layer material tooth holder 34, an inner layer material protection member 35, and the inner layer material tooth holder 34 and the inner layer material tooth holder 33 are connected separately.
  • the outer layer material protection member 32 and the outer layer material tooth holder 31 points The body connection, the inner layer material guard 35 is connected to the inner layer material holder 34, and the impact power box 3 drives the punching material mechanism 28 and the inner layer material mechanism 29 to reciprocate, and the outer layer material protection member 32
  • the inner layer guard 35 and the impact power box 3 are always partially overlapped to prevent the material from entering the punching material guard 32 and the impact power box 3 and/or preventing the material from entering the punching material guard 35 and
  • the shape and/or arrangement of the outer material teeth 30 facilitates the flushing of the outer layer material to be collected, and the gap between the outer material teeth 30 facilitates the inner layer material mechanism.
  • Figure 15 is a punching and outer material mechanism of the multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining equipment described in Embodiment 13, the punching and outer material mechanism 28 including the outer layer material teeth 30, the outer layer material tooth holder 31, and the punching
  • the outer layer material protection member 32, the outer layer material tooth 30 and the outer layer material tooth holder 31 are integrated, the outer layer material protection member 32 is an outer layer material protection plate, and the outer layer material protection plate is along the outer layer. Arranged around the material holder, the outer layer protection plate reciprocates with the outer material holder 31.
  • Figure 16 is a multi-layer impact head low-resistance high-efficiency mining equipment according to Embodiment 14, the impact power box 3 includes a guard plate stroke groove 36, and the outer layer material protection member 32 is an outer layer material protection plate, and the inner layer is punched.
  • the material guard 35 is an inner layer protective plate, and the portion adjacent to the inner layer protective plate and the outer layer protective plate reciprocates in the protective plate groove 36, and the elastic plate 37 is disposed in the protective plate groove 36.
  • the elastic body 37 shakes off the material brought in by the outer layer protective plate and/or the inner layer protective plate and/or the material falling into the protective plate stroke groove 36 by elastic deformation, and the elastic body 37 is elastically deformed.
  • the impact reaction force of the outer layer material mechanism 28 and/or the inner layer material mechanism 29 is absorbed.
  • the elastic body 37 may be disposed at the free end of the outer layer protective sheet and/or the free end of the inner layer protective sheet.

Abstract

一种多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备，包括冲击动力箱（3）、冲击头（2），在冲击动力箱（3）一端或两端设置冲击头（2），冲击动力箱（3）每一端设置两个以上冲击头（2），两个以上冲击头（2）成上下布置和/或左右布置，增加采掘高度和/或采掘宽度。该设备性能可靠，工艺性强，加工制作简易，使用寿命长。

Description

多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备 技术领域
本发明涉及机械领域，尤其是一种适用于采掘领域或工程机械领域的多层冲击头少阻力 高效率采掘设备。
背景技术
目前采煤机和掘进机大多为滚筒式旋转铣削落料， 挖掘机多为液压驱动单个挖斗或单齿 冲击头挖料破料， 随着科技的发展产生了往复冲击式采煤机和往复冲击式掘进机和往复冲击 式挖装机统称为往复冲击采掘机， 往复冲击采掘机的冲击头所采物料块料率高、 粉尘少、 耗 能低，但目前其采掘高度和 /或宽度不能满足采掘厚煤层或高煤层或厚岩层或高岩层或厚水泥 混凝物或宽水泥混凝物或厚沥青混凝物或宽沥青混凝物或厚板结泥岩或宽板结泥岩的需要， 为了解决采掘厚煤层或高煤层或厚岩层或高岩层或厚水泥混凝物或宽水泥混凝物或厚沥青混 凝物或宽沥青混凝物或厚板结泥岩或宽板结泥岩的需要， 本发明提出了一种多层冲击头少阻 力高效率采掘设备。
发明内容
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的： 多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括冲击动力装 置、 冲击头等， 其特征在于： 在冲击动力装置一端或两端设置冲击头等， 冲击动力装置每一 端设置两个以上冲击头等，两个以上的冲击头呈上下布置和 /或左右布置等，增加采掘高度和 /或采掘宽度。
所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括冲击动力装置等， 冲击动力装置包括冲击 动力箱或冲击动力支架等， 冲击动力箱包括冲击机构、 导向机构、 箱体等， 冲击机构包括液 压冲击机构或气动冲击机构或电动冲击机构等， 电动冲击机构包括中心轴、 驱动齿轮、 传动 齿轮、 曲轴、 连杆等， 连杆包括动力冲击件， 连杆与动力冲击件分体连接或一体式， 箱体支 撑中心轴等， 驱动齿轮设置在中心轴上或与中心轴为一体式， 箱体支撑曲轴等， 传动齿轮等 设置在曲轴上， 传动齿轮与曲轴分体连接或为一体式等， 驱动齿轮与传动齿轮啮合， 连杆的 一端与曲轴连接， 另一端与冲击头连接， 箱体支撑导向机构等， 导向机构包括冲击导向件等， 冲击导向件的一端或两端设置冲击头等，冲击导向件与冲击头分体或分体连接或为一体式等， 中心轴带动驱动齿轮转动， 驱动齿轮带动传动齿轮转动， 传动齿轮带动曲轴旋转， 曲轴带动 连杆往复运动， 连杆带动冲击头往复运动， 冲击头由冲击导向件导向往复运动。 冲击导向件 与动力冲击件分体或分体连接或一体式。
所述的冲击动力装置包括箱体、 塞缍、 控制阀等， 箱体包括两个以上腔体等， 两个以上 腔体内设置两个以上塞锤等， 控制闺控制液体或气体等， 液体或气体等驱动两个以上塞锤往 复运动，两个以上塞锤驱动两个以上冲击头往复冲击，两个以上腔体成上下布置和 /或左右布 置等， 增加采掘高度或宽度等。
所述的塞锤包括塞杆等， 塞杆一端或两端设有防损坏动力冲击件机构等。
所述的驱动齿轮带动一个以上的传动齿轮等。
所述的曲轴和 /或中心轴包括两个或两个以上的偏心轴等。
所述的传动齿轮带动传动齿轮转动等， 每个传动齿轮带动曲轴旋转， 曲轴上至少设置一 个以上的偏心轴等。
所述的一个以上的曲轴相对于中心轴对称设置或不对称设置等。
所述的中心轴上设置一个以上的偏心轴等， 偏心轴与连杆铰接等。
所述的偏心轴设置于传动齿轮和 /或驱动齿轮一个以上的侧部等。
所述的冲击动力装置包括导向机构等， 导向机构包括悬浮摩擦导向机构或滚动摩擦导向 机构或滑动摩擦导向机构等， 导向机构包括冲击导向件、 导向支撑件、 导向体等， 导向支撑 件与箱体分体或分体连接或为一体式等， 导向支撑件与冲击导向件之间设置导向体等。
所述的两个冲击头前后交错运动等。
所述的两个冲击头相邻的前后交错运动的冲击导向件共用一个导向体等节省空间。 所述的一个连杆带动一个或一个以上的冲击头等。
所述的连杆一端或两端设有防损坏动力冲击件机构等， 防损坏动力冲击件机构包括旋转 防损坏动力冲击件机构或分体防损坏动力冲击件机构或缓冲防损坏动力冲击件机构等， 冲击 头冲击料层产生的反作用力施加在防损坏动力冲击件机构上等， 旋转防损坏动力冲击件机构 旋转分解冲击反作用力或分体防损坏动力冲击件机构通过分体隔离冲击反作用力或缓冲防损 坏动力冲击件机构通过缓冲吸收分解冲击反作用力等， 避免冲击反作用力损坏冲击动力装置 等。
所述的旋转防损坏动力冲击件机构包括关节轴承或转向连接头或球笼式万向节或十字万 向节或球头扣槽式或弧形扣槽式等。
所述的导向体包括悬浮导向体或滚动导向体等。 所述的滚动导向体包括球形滚动导向体或椭圆形滚动导向体或观铃形滚动导向体或圆柱 形滚动导向体或锥形滚动导向体或圆环形滚动导向体或滚轮滚动导向体或台形柱滚动导向体 或台形球滚动导向体或台形鼓滚动导向体或槽形鼓滚动导向体或槽形柱滚动导向体或槽形球 滚动导向体或槽形滚轮滚动导向体或槽形椭圆滚动导向体或带轴滚动导向体或带孔滚动导向 体或多棱键滚动导向体或多棱套滚动导向体或滚鼓形滚动导向体或滚珠滚动导向体或滚针滚 动导向体或滚筒滚动导向体或直线轴承滚动导向体或腰鼓轮滚动导向体或组合式滚动导向体 等。
所述的悬浮导向体包括悬浮液导向体或悬浮气导向体或悬浮磁导向体等。
所述的多个冲击头交替冲击物料等， 减少多个冲击头同时冲击产生的反作用力对冲击动 力装置的损坏等。
所述的中心轴和 /或曲轴和 /或连杆等上设置有润滑液道等。
所述的冲击头包括冲击齿、 齿架等。
所述冲击齿在齿架上排列成阶梯状等， 形成阶梯式冲击头或锥形冲击头等， 将料层冲击 成阶梯形， 破解料层的结构强度等， 阶梯式冲击头利用阶梯形料层连续冲击， 减少冲击阻力 等， 增加采掘截深等， 下一次冲击时利用阶梯状料层将物料采成适于运输及使用的块料粒度 等。
所述的齿架上设置喷水机构和 /或喷雾机构等。
所述的冲击齿包括清面齿和 /或落料齿等， 清面齿将料层清理成所需形状， 有利于支护， 有利于机身通过等。
所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括机身、 行走部等， 冲击动力装置等设置在 机身上， 行走部带动机身等行走， 机身带动冲击动力装置等行走。
所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括升降机构等， 升降机构包括垂直升降机构 或摇臂或平移升降机构等。
所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括摇臂等， 摇臂一端设置在机身上， 摇臂的 另一端与冲击动力装置连接等。
所述的机身或行走部包括旋转盘等， 旋转盘设置在机身的上部前端或设置在机身下部行 走部上部等。
所述的垂直升降机构或摇臂或冲击动力装置等设置在旋转盘上， 旋转盘旋转带动垂直升 降机构或摇臂等旋转， 垂直升降机构或摇臂等带动冲击动力装置等旋转。
所述的垂直升降机构或摇臂或冲击动力装置等设置在机身上， 旋转盘带动机身等旋转， 机身带动冲击动力装置等旋转。
所述的摇臂包括四连杆摇臂机构或单摇臂机构等。
所述的单摇臂机构包括旋转单摇臂机构或伸缩单摇臂机构或伸缩旋转单摇臂机构或折弯 单摇臂机构等。
所述的冲击头由一个或一个以上的冲击导向件等支撑导向形成多点支撑结构扶正冲击头 等的冲击方向。
所述的冲击头包括冲外层料机构和冲内层料机构等， 冲外层料机构与冲内层料机构靠近 设置， 冲外层料机构包括冲外层料齿等， 冲内层料机构包括冲内层料齿等， 冲外层料齿的形 状和 /或排列有利于将待采料层的外层料冲落等，冲外层料齿之间的空隙有利于将冲内层料机 构冲落的料从冲外层料齿的空隙间流出或冲外层料机构设置出料洞将冲内层料机构冲落的物 料排出等， 冲内层料机构与冲外层料机构相配合实现冲击落料排料等， 使机身能顺利通过连 续采料等。
所述的冲外层料机构包括冲外层料齿、 冲外层料齿座、 冲外层料防护件等， 冲外层料齿 座与冲外层料齿分体连接或为一体式等， 冲内层料机构包括冲内层料齿、 冲内层料齿座、 冲 内层料防护件等， 冲内层料齿座与冲内层料齿分体连接或为一体式等， 冲外层料防护件与冲 外层料齿座分体连接或为一体式等，冲内层料防护件与冲内层料齿座分体连接或为一体式等， 冲击动力箱驱动冲外层料机构与冲内层料机构往复运动， 冲外层料防护件、 冲内层料防护件 与冲击动力箱等之间始终保持部分重合， 防止物料进入冲外层料防护件与冲击动力箱内和 / 或防止物料进入冲内层料防护件与冲击动力箱内等。
所述的冲外层料防护件包括冲外层料防护板等， 冲外层料防护板沿冲外层料齿座四周布 置等，冲内层料防护件包括冲内层料防护板等， 冲内层料防护板沿冲内层料齿座四周布置等。
所述的冲内层料防护件随冲内层料齿座往复运动等， 冲外层料防护件随冲外层料齿座往 复运动等， 冲内层料防护板及冲外层料防护板贴合冲击动力箱往复运动且贴合部设有防磨损 间隙等。 所述的冲内层料防护板包括冲内层料防护板密封件等， 冲外层料防护板包括冲外层料防 护板密封件等，冲内层料防护板密封件和 /或冲外层料防护板密封件的位置设置在与冲击动力 箱始终重合端， 冲击动力箱包括冲击动力箱密封件等， 冲击动力箱密封件设置在与冲内层料 防护板及冲外层料防护板始终重合端。
所述的冲内层料防护板与冲内层料齿座结合部设有密封件等， 冲外层料防护板与冲外层 料齿座结合部设有密封件等。
所述的冲击动力箱包括防护板行程槽等， 冲外层料防护件包括冲外层料防护板等， 冲内 层料防护件包括冲内层料防护板等， 冲内层料防护板与冲外层料防护板相邻的部分在防护板 行程槽内往复运动等。
所述的防护板行程槽内设有弹性体等。
所述的冲外层料防护板自由端设有弹性体等和 /或冲内层料防护板自由端设有弹性体等。 所述的弹性体通过弹性变形将冲外层料防护板和 /或冲内层料防护板带进的物料和 /或落 进防护板行程槽内的物料等抖落弹出。
所述的弹性体通过弹性变形吸收冲外层料机构和 /或冲内层料机构的冲击反作用力等。 本发明的有益效果是：
( 1 )多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 在冲击动力装置一端或两端设置冲击头， 冲击 动力装置每一端设置两个以上冲击头，两个以上的冲击头成上下布置和 /或左右布置，增加了 采掘高度和 /或采掘宽度。
(2)该多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 驱动齿轮带动传动齿轮转动，传动齿轮带动 曲轴旋转， 增加了多个冲击头冲击落料， 改变了将一个曲轴带动一层冲击头冲击时， 为了增 加采高将冲击头做得过高、 过宽， 造成一个冲击头承受过大冲击阻力、 效率低等的缺陷；
( 3 )将驱动齿轮带动两个以上的传动齿转旋转可以形成上下和 /或左右多层冲击头冲击 结构， 多个冲击头增加了采高及采宽， 每个冲击头冲击时因冲击头的宽度高度适中合理， 大 大地减少了冲击阻力， 降低了单个冲铲对冲击动力箱的冲击反作用掰别力， 多个冲铲交替冲 击冲击动力利用合理， 效率高；
(4)齿轮与齿轮之间活动连接， 具有一定的防掰别及缓冲作用；
( 5) —个以上的曲轴相对于中心轴对称设置， 结构稳定、 受力均衡；
(6)中心轴上设置一个以上的偏心轴， 使中心轴带动一个以上的冲击头冲击， 使中心轴 即有传动功能又有冲击落料功能， 空间利用率高结构紧凑；
( 7 )偏心轴设置于传动齿轮和 /或驱动齿轮两侧并有箱体或支架支撑结构合理、 稳固；
(8)多个冲击头前后交错运动，使动力集中在一个冲击头上冲击瞬间爆破力大冲击强度 大， 多个冲击头交替冲击采掘高度大、 幅度宽、 效率高；
(9)两个相邻的冲击头前后交错运动，其冲击导向件共用一个导向体，节省空间及部件；
( 10)齿轮侧部设置两个以上的偏心轴， 进一步增加了采掘高度和 /或宽度；
( 11 ) 连杆与冲击头之间设置防损坏动力冲击件机构， 冲击头冲击料层产生的反作用力 施加在防损坏动力冲击件机构上， 旋转防损坏动力冲击件机构旋转分解冲击反作用力或分体 防损坏动力冲击件机构通过分体隔离冲击反作用力或缓冲防损坏动力冲击件机构通过缓冲吸 收分解冲击反作用力， 避免冲击反作用力损坏冲击动力装置。
( 12 )滚动导向体和 /或悬浮导向体大大减少了往复冲击摩擦阻力， 降低了噪音，提高了 效率；
( 13 ) 中心轴和 /或曲轴和 /或连杆上设置的润滑液道提高了对中心轴、 曲轴、 连杆的润 滑及降温效果， 保证了系统运行的可靠性；
( 14)齿架上设置的喷水机构、 喷雾机构降低了火花的产生， 对冲击齿起到了很好的降 温作用；
( 15)清面齿和 /或落料齿组合使用， 实现了落料与清面， 保证了机身的顺利通过， 提高 了落料效率。
( 16) 旋转盘设置在机身上部前端， 垂直升降机构或摇臂设置在旋转盘上， 旋转盘旋转 带动摇臂旋转， 摇臂带动冲击动力装置旋转， 实现多方位冲击落料挖料；
( 17) 旋转盘设置在机身下部行走部上部， 垂直升降机构或摇臂或动力冲击装置设置在 机身上， 旋转盘带动机身旋转， 机身带动冲击动力装置旋转， 实现多方位冲击落料挖料；
( 18)四连杆摇臂机构确保了冲击导向件始终与机身平行，确保了冲击头垂直冲击料层。
( 19) 旋转单摇臂机构或伸缩单摇臂机构或伸缩旋转单摇臂机构或折弯单摇臂机构增加 了冲击头冲击采掘的灵活性， 扩大了冲击头冲击采掘的宽度和 /或高度。
(20)冲击头由两个以上的冲击导向件支撑导向形成多点支撑结构扶正冲击头的冲击方 向， 减少了因单个冲击导向件支撑冲击头造成的压力及损坏。
(21 )冲外层料齿的形状和 /或排列有利于将待采料层的外层料冲落，冲外层料齿之间的 空隙有利于将冲内层料机构冲落的料从冲外层料齿的空隙间流出或冲外层料机构设置出料洞 将冲内层料机构冲落的物料排出， 冲内层料机构与冲外层料机构相配合实现冲击落料排料， 使机身能顺利通过连续采料。 (22)冲击动力箱驱动冲外层料机构与冲内层料机构往复运动， 冲外层料防护件、 冲内 层料防护件与冲击动力箱之间始终保持部分重合， 防止物料进入冲外层料防护件与冲击动力 箱内和 /或防止物料进入冲内层料防护件与冲击动力箱内，防止了因物料进入冲击动力箱与冲 外层料机构和 /或冲内层料机构之间对冲击行程的阻碍，提高了冲击动力装置工作部件的清洁 度。
(23)冲内层料防护板密封件和 /或冲外层料防护板密封件的位置设置在与冲击动力箱始 终重合端， 冲击动力箱密封件设置在与冲内层料防护板及冲外层料防护板始终重合端， 进一 步提高了冲击动力装置工作部件的清洁度， 确保了设备运行的安全可靠。
(24)防护板行程槽内设有弹性体，冲外层料防护板自由端设有弹性体和 /或冲内层料防 护板自由端设有弹性体，弹性体通过弹性变形将冲外层料防护板和 /或冲内层料防护板带进的 物料和 /或落进防护板行程槽内的其他物料抖落弹出，弹性体通过弹性变形吸收冲外层料机构 和 /或冲内层料机构的冲击反作用力， 确保了整个设备的安全运行。
附图说明
图 1是实施例 1中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的主视图；
图 2是实施例 2中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的主视图；
图 3是实施例 2中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的俯视图；
图 4是实施例 3中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的主视图；
图 5是实施例 4中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的主视图；
图 6是实施例 4中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备 A-A方向的剖视图；
图 7是实施例 5中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备连杆的主视图；
图 8是实施例 6中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备连杆的主视图；
图 9是实施例 7中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备连杆的主视图；
图 10是实施例 8中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备冲击头的主视图；
图 11是实施例 9中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的主视图；
图 12是实施例 10中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的主视图；
图 13是实施例 11中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的主视图；
图 14是实施例 12中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的俯视图；
图 15是实施例 13中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备冲外层料机构的主视图； 图 16是实施例 14中多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的俯视图；
图中： 1、 冲击动力装置； 2、 冲击头； 3、 冲击动力箱； 4、 冲击机构； 5、 导向机构； 6、 箱体； 7、 中心轴； 8、 驱动齿轮； 9、传动齿轮； 10、 曲轴； 11、连杆； 12、 冲击导向件； 13、 塞锤； 14、 塞杆； 15、 防损坏动力冲击件机构； 16、 导向支撑件； 17、 导向体； 18、 润滑液 道； 19、 冲击齿； 20、 齿架； 21、 喷水机构； 22、 机身； 23、 行走部； 24、 升降机构； 25、 旋转盘； 26、 伸缩旋转单摇臂机构； 27、 折弯单摇臂机构； 28、 冲外层料机构； 29、 冲内层 料机构； 30、 冲外层料齿； 31、 冲外层料齿座； 32、 冲外层料防护件； 33、 冲内层料齿； 34、 冲内层料齿座； 35、 冲内层料防护件； 36、 防护板行程槽； 37、 弹性体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例 1
图 1是实施例 1中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 多层冲击头少阻力高效率 采掘设备包括冲击动力装置 1、 冲击头 2, 在冲击动力装置 1两端设置冲击头 2， 冲击动力装 置 1每一端设置两个冲击头 2， 两个冲击头 2呈上下布置， 增加采掘高度。
所述的冲击动力装置 1可以一端设置冲击头 2。
所述的冲击动力装置 1每一端可以设置两个以上的冲击头。
所述的冲击头 2可以呈左右布置， 增加采掘宽度。
实施例 2
图 2、图 3是实施例 2中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备，包括冲击动力装置 1 , 冲击动力装置 1为冲击动力箱 3， 冲击动力箱 3包括冲击机构 4、 导向机构 5、 箱体 6， 冲击 机构 4为电动冲击机构， 电动冲击机构包括中心轴 7、 驱动齿轮 8、传动齿轮 9、 曲轴 10、 连 杆 11， 箱体 6支撑中心轴 7， 驱动齿轮 8设置在中心轴 7上， 箱体 6支撑曲轴 10， 传动齿轮 9设置在曲轴 10上， 传动齿轮 9与曲轴 10分体连接， 驱动齿轮 8与传动齿轮 9啮合， 连杆 11的一端与曲轴 10连接， 另一端与冲击头 2连接， 箱体 6支撑导向机构 5， 导向机构 5包括 冲击导向件 12， 冲击导向件 12的两端设置冲击头 2, 冲击导向件 12与冲击头 2分体连接， 中心轴 7带动驱动齿轮 8转动，驱动齿轮 8带动传动齿轮 9转动，传动齿轮 9带曲轴 10旋转, 曲轴 10带动连杆 11往复运动， 连杆 11带动冲击头 2往复运动， 冲击头 2由冲击导向件 12 导向往复运动。
所述的冲击动力装置 1可以为冲击动力支架。 所述的冲击机构 4可以为液压冲击机构或气动冲击机构。
所述的驱动齿轮 8可以与中心轴 7为一体式。
所述的传动齿轮 9可以与曲轴 10为一体式。
所述的冲击导向件 12与冲击头 2可以分体或为一体式。
所述的曲轴 10包括两个偏心轴。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 3
图 4是实施例 3中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 冲击动力装置 1包括箱体 6、 塞缍 13、 控制阀， 箱体 6包括两个腔体， 两个腔体内设置两个塞锤 13， 塞缍 13包括塞杆 14， 塞杆 14一端设有防损坏动力冲击件机构 15, 控制阔控制液体， 液体驱动两个塞锤 13往 复运动， 两个塞锤 13驱动两个冲击头 2往复冲击， 两个腔体成上下布置， 增加采掘高度。
所述的控制阀还可以控制气体， 气体驱动塞锤 13往复运动。
所述的两个腔体还可以呈左右布置， 增加采掘宽度。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 4
图 5、 图 6是实施例 4中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 冲击动力装置 1包 括导向机构 5， 导向机构 5为滚动摩擦导向机构， 导向机构 5包括冲击导向件 12、 导向支撑 件 16、 导向体 17， 导向支撑件与箱体 6为一体式， 导向支撑件 16与冲击导向件 12之间设置 导向体 17， 两个冲击头 2前后交错运动， 两个冲击头 2相邻的前后交错运动的冲击导向件 12 共用一个导向体 17节省空间， 导向体为腰鼓轮滚动导向体。
所述的导向机构 5还可以为悬浮摩擦导向机构。
所述的导向体 17可以为悬浮导向体或滚动导向体。
所述的滚动导向体还可以为球形滚动导向体或椭圆形滚动导向体或哑铃形滚动导向体或 圆柱形滚动导向体或锥形滚动导向体或圆环形滚动导向体或滚轮滚动导向体或台形柱滚动导 向体或台形球滚动导向体或台形鼓滚动导向体或槽形鼓滚动导向体或槽形柱滚动导向体或槽 形球滚动导向体或槽形滚轮滚动导向体或槽形椭圆滚动导向体或带轴滚动导向体或带孔滚动 导向体或多棱键滚动导向体或多棱套滚动导向体或滚鼓形滚动导向体或滚珠滚动导向体或滚 针滚动导向体或滚筒滚动导向体或直线轴承滚动导向体等。
所述的悬浮导向体可以为悬浮液导向体或悬浮气导向体或悬浮磁导向体。 其他同实施例 1。
实施例 5
图 7是实施例 5中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的连杆 11， 连杆 11一端设 有防损坏动力冲击件机构 15， 防损坏动力冲击件机构 15为缓冲防损坏动力冲击件机构， 缓 冲防损坏动力冲击件机构设置为碟簧， 碟簧通过缓冲吸收分解冲击反作用力， 避免冲击反作 用力损坏冲击动力装置。
所述的防损坏动力冲击件机构 15还可以为旋转防损坏动力冲击件机构或分体防损坏动 力冲击件机构。
所述的旋转防损坏动力冲击件机构可以为关节轴承或转向连接头或球笼式万向节或十字 万向节或球头扣槽式或弧形扣槽式等。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例
图 8是实施例 6中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的连杆 11， 连杆 11一端设 有防损坏动力冲击件机构 15， 防损坏动力冲击件机构 15为缓冲防损坏动力冲击件机构， 缓 冲防损坏动力冲击件机构设置为聚氨酯垫块， 聚氨酯垫块通过缓冲吸收分解冲击反作用力， 避免冲击反作用力损坏冲击动力装置， 连杆 11上设有润滑液道 18。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 7
图 9是实施例 7中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的连杆 11， 连杆 11一端设 有防损坏动力冲击件机构 15， 防损坏动力冲击件机构 15为缓冲防损坏动力冲击件机构， 缓 冲防损坏动力冲击件机构设置为弹簧， 弹簧通过缓冲吸收分解冲击反作用力， 避免冲击反作 用力损坏冲击动力装置。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 8
图 10是实施例 8中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的冲击头，冲击头包括冲击 齿 19、齿架 20， 冲击齿 19在齿架 20上排列成阶梯状， 形成阶梯式冲击头， 将料层冲击成阶 梯形， 破解料层的压应力， 阶梯式冲击头利用阶梯形料层连续冲击， 减少冲击阻力， 增加采 掘截深， 下一次冲击时利用阶梯状料层将物料采成适于运输及使用的块料粒度， 齿架上设置 喷水机构 21。 其他同实施例 1。
实施例 9
图 11是实施例 9中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 包括冲击动力装置 1、 冲 击头 2、 机身 22、 行走部 23、 升降机构 24， 升降机构 24为摇臂， 摇臂设置为四连杆摇臂机 构， 摇臂一端设置在机身 22上， 摇臂的另一端与冲击动力装置 1连接， 行走部 23带动机身 22行走， 机身 22带动冲击动力装置 1行走。
所述的升降机构 24可以为垂直升降机构或摇臂或平移升降机构。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 10
图 12是实施例 10中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 机身 22包括旋转盘 25， 旋转盘 25设置在机身 22的上部前端， 摇臂设置在旋转盘 25上， 旋转盘 25旋转带动摇臂旋 转， 摇臂带动冲击动力装置 1旋转， 摇臂为单摇臂机构， 单摇臂机构为伸缩旋转单摇臂机构 26。
所述的单摇臂机构还可以为旋转单摇臂机构或伸缩单摇臂机构或折弯单摇臂机构。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 11
图 13是实施例 11 中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 行走部 23包括旋转盘 25, 旋转盘 25设置在机身 22下部行走部 23上部， 摇臂一端设置在机身 22上， 摇臂的另一 端与冲击动力装置 1连接， 摇臂为折弯单摇臂机构 27， 旋转盘 25带动机身 22旋转， 机身 22 带动冲击动力装置 1旋转，冲击头 2由两个以上的冲击导向件 12支撑导向形成多点支撑结构 扶正冲击头 2的冲击方向。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 12
图 14是实施例 12中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 冲击头 2包括冲外层料 机构 28和冲内层料机构 29， 冲外层料机构 28与冲内层料机构 29靠近设置， 冲外层料机构 28包括冲外层料齿 30、 冲外层料齿座 31、冲外层料防护件 32， 冲外层料齿座 31与冲外层料 齿 30分体连接， 冲内层料机构 29包括冲内层料齿 33、 冲内层料齿座 34、 冲内层料防护件 35， 冲内层料齿座 34与冲内层料齿 33分体连接， 冲外层料防护件 32与冲外层料齿座 31分 体连接， 冲内层料防护件 35与冲内层料齿座 34分体连接， 冲击动力箱 3驱动冲外层料机构 28与冲内层料机构 29往复运动， 冲外层料防护件 32、冲内层料防护件 35与冲击动力箱 3之 间始终保持部分重合， 防止物料进入冲外层料防护件 32与冲击动力箱 3内和 /或防止物料进 入冲内层料防护件 35与冲击动力箱 3内，冲外层料齿 30的形状和 /或排列有利于将待采料层 的外层料冲落， 冲外层料齿 30之间的空隙有利于将冲内层料机构 29冲落的料从冲外层料齿 30的空隙间流出或冲外层料机构 29设置出料洞将冲内层料机构 29冲落的物料排出， 冲内层 料机构 29与冲外层料机构 28相配合实现冲击落料排料， 使机身 22能顺利通过连续采料。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 13
图 15是实施例 13中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备的冲外层料机构， 冲外层 料机构 28包括冲外层料齿 30、 冲外层料齿座 31、 冲外层料防护件 32， 冲外层料齿 30与冲 外层料齿座 31为一体式， 冲外层料防护件 32为冲外层料防护板， 冲外层料防护板沿冲外层 料齿座四周布置， 冲外层料防护板随冲外层料齿座 31往复运动。
其他同实施例 1。
实施例 14
图 16是实施例 14中所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 冲击动力箱 3包括防护 板行程槽 36，冲外层料防护件 32为冲外层料防护板，冲内层料防护件 35为冲内层料防护板， 冲内层料防护板与冲外层料防护板相邻的部分在防护板行程槽 36内往复运动，防护板行程槽 36内设有弹性体 37，弹性体 37通过弹性变形将冲外层料防护板和 /或冲内层料防护板带进的 物料和 /或落进防护板行程槽 36内的物料抖落弹出，弹性体 37通过弹性变形吸收冲外层料机 构 28和 /或冲内层料机构 29的冲击反作用力。
所述的弹性体 37可以设置于冲外层料防护板自由端和 /或冲内层料防护板自由端。
其他同实施例 1。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括冲击动力 装置、 冲击头， 其特征在于： 在冲击动力装置一端或两端设置冲击头， 冲击动力装置每一端 设置两个以上冲击头， 两个以上的冲击头呈上下布置和 /或左右布置， 增加采掘高度和 /或采 掘宽度。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的多层冲击 头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括冲击动力装置，冲击动力装置包括冲击动力箱或冲击动力支架， 冲击动力箱包括冲击机构、 导向机构、 箱体， 冲击机构包括液压冲击机构或气动冲击机构或 电动冲击机构， 电动冲击机构包括中心轴、 驱动齿轮、 传动齿轮、 曲轴、 连杆， 连杆包括动 力冲击件， 连杆与动力冲击件分体连接或一体式， 箱体支撑中心轴， 驱动齿轮设置在中心轴 上或与中心轴为一体式， 箱体支撑曲轴， 传动齿轮设置在曲轴上， 传动齿轮与曲轴分体连接 或为一体式， 驱动齿轮与传动齿轮啮合， 连杆的一端与曲轴连接， 另一端与沖击头连接， 箱 体支撑导向机构， 导向机构包括冲击导向件， 冲击导向件的一端或两端设置冲击头， 冲击导 向件与冲击头分体或分体连接或为一体式， 中心轴带动驱动齿轮转动， 驱动齿轮带动传动齿 轮转动， 传动齿轮带动曲轴旋转， 曲轴带动连杆往复运动， 连杆带动冲击头往复运动， 冲击 头由冲击导向件导向往复运动。 冲击导向件与动力冲击件分体或分体连接或一体式。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲击动力 装置包括箱体、塞锤、控制阀， 箱体包括两个以上腔体， 两个以上腔体内设置两个以上塞锤， 控制阀控制液体或气体， 液体或气体驱动两个以上塞锤往复运动， 两个以上塞锤驱动两个以 上冲击头往复冲击， 两个以上腔体成上下布置和 /或左右布置， 增加采掘高度或宽度。
4.根据权利要求 3所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的塞锤包括 塞杆， 塞杆一端或两端设有防损坏驱动部件结构。
5.根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的驱动齿轮 带动一个以上的传动齿轮。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的曲轴和 / 或中心轴包括两个或两个以上的偏心轴。
7. 根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的传动齿轮 带动传动齿轮转动， 每个传动齿轮带动曲轴旋转， 曲轴上至少设置一个以上的偏心轴。
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的一个以上 的曲轴相对于中心轴对称设置或不对称设置。
9.根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的中心轴上 设置一个以上的偏心轴， 偏心轴与连杆铰接。
10. 根据权利要求 6所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的偏心轴 设置于传动齿轮和 /或驱动齿轮一个以上的侧部。
11.根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲击动 力装置包括导向机构， 导向机构包括悬浮摩擦导向机构或滚动摩擦导向机构或滑动摩擦导向 机构， 导向机构包括冲击导向件、 导向支撑件、 导向体， 导向支撑件与箱体分体或分体连接 或为一体式， 导向支撑件与冲击导向件之间设置导向体。
12. 根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率釆掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的两个冲 击头前后交错运动。
13. 根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的两个冲 击头相邻的前后交错运动的冲击导向件共用一个导向体节省空间。
14.根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的一个连 杆带动一个或一个以上的冲击头。
15.根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的连杆一 端或两端设有防损坏驱动部件结构， 防损坏驱动部件结构包括旋转防损坏驱动部件结构或分 体防损坏驱动部件结构或缓冲防损坏驱动部件结构， 冲击头冲击料层产生的反作用力施加在 防损坏驱动部件结构上， 旋转防损坏驱动部件结构旋转分解冲击反作用力或分体防损坏驱动 部件结构通过分体隔离冲击反作用力或缓冲防损坏驱动部件结构通过缓冲吸收分解冲击反作 用力， 避免冲击反作用力损坏冲击动力装置。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的旋转防 损坏驱动部件结构包括关节轴承或转向连接头或球笼式万向节或十字万向节或球头扣槽式或 弧形扣槽式。
17.根据权利要求 11所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的导向体 包括悬浮导向体或滚动导向体。
18. 根据权利要求 17所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的滚动导 向体包括球形滚动导向体或椭圆形滚动导向体或哑铃形滚动导向体或圆柱形滚动导向体或锥 形滚动导向体或圆环形滚动导向体或滚轮滚动导向体或台形柱滚动导向体或台形球滚动导向 体或台形鼓滚动导向体或槽形鼓滚动导向体或槽形柱滚动导向体或槽形球滚动导向体或槽形 滚轮滚动导向体或槽形椭圆滚动导向体或带轴滚动导向体或带孔滚动导向体或多棱键滚动导 向体或多棱套滚动导向体或滚鼓形滚动导向体或滚珠滚动导向体或滚针滚动导向体或滚筒滚 动导向体或直线轴承滚动导向体或腰鼓轮滚动导向体或组合式滚动导向体。
19.根据权利要求 17所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的悬浮导 向体包括悬浮液导向体或悬浮气导向体或悬浮磁导向体。
20.根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的多个冲 击头交替冲击物料， 减少多个冲击头同时冲击产生的反作用力对冲击动力装置的损坏。
21.根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的中心轴 和 /或曲轴和 /或连杆上设置有润滑液道。
22.根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲击头 包括冲击齿、 齿架。
23.根据权利要求 22所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述冲击齿在 齿架上排列成阶梯状， 形成阶梯式冲击头或锥形冲击头， 将料层冲击成阶梯形， 破解料层的 结构和 /或强度， 阶梯式冲击头利用阶梯形料层连续冲击， 减少冲击阻力， 增加采掘截深， 下 一次冲击时利用阶梯状料层将物料采成适于运输和 /或使用的块料粒度。
24. 根据权利要求 22所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的齿架上 设置喷水机构和 /或喷雾机构。
25.根据权利要求 22所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲击齿 包括清面齿和 /或落料齿， 清面齿将料层清理成所需形状， 有利于机身通过。
26. 根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的多层冲 击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括机身、 行走部， 冲击动力装置设置在机身上， 行走部带动机 身行走， 机身带动冲击动力装置行走。
27. 根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的多层冲 击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括升降机构， 升降机构包括垂直升降机构或摇臂或平移升降机 构。
28. 根据权利要求 1所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的多层冲 击头少阻力高效率采掘设备包括摇臂， 摇臂一端设置在机身上， 摇臂的另一端与冲击动力装 置连接。
29. 根据权利要求 26所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的机身或 行走部包括旋转盘， 旋转盘设置在机身的上部前端或设置在机身下部行走部上部。
30. 根据权利要求 27所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的垂直升 降机构或摇臂或冲击动力装置设置在旋转盘上， 旋转盘旋转带动垂直升降机构或摇臂旋转， 垂直升降机构或摇臂带动冲击动力装置旋转。
31. 根据权利要求 27所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的垂直升 降机构或摇臂或冲击动力装置设置在机身上， 旋转盘带动机身旋转， 机身带动冲击动力装置 旋转。
32. 根据权利要求 27所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的摇臂包 括四连杆摇臂机构或单摇臂机构。
33. 根据权利要求 32所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的单摇臂 机构包括旋转单摇臂机构或伸缩单摇臂机构或伸缩旋转单摇臂机构或折弯单摇臂机构。
34. 根据权利要求 1 所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲击头 由一个或一个以上的冲击导向件支撑导向形成多点支撑结构扶正冲击头的冲击方向。
35. 根据权利要求 1 所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲击头 包括冲外层料机构和 /或冲内层料机构， 冲外层料机构与冲内层料机构靠近设置， 冲外层料机 构包括冲外层料齿， 冲内层料机构包括冲内层料齿， 冲外层料齿的形状和 /或排列有利于将待 采料层的外层料冲落， 冲外层料齿之间的空隙有利于将冲内层料机构冲落的料从冲外层料齿 的空隙间流出或冲外层料机构设置出料洞将冲内层料机构冲落的物料排出， 冲内层料机构与 冲外层料机构相配合实现冲击落料排料， 使机身能顺利通过连续采料。
36. 根据权利要求 35所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲外层 料机构包括冲外层料齿、 冲外层料齿座、 冲外层料防护件， 冲外层料齿座与冲外层料齿分体 连接或为一体式， 冲内层料机构包括冲内层料齿、 冲内层料齿座、 冲内层料防护件， 冲内层 料齿座与冲内层料齿分体连接或为一体式， 冲外层料防护件与冲外层料齿座分体连接或为一 体式， 冲内层料防护件与冲内层料齿座分体连接或为一体式， 冲击动力箱驱动冲外层料机构 和 /或冲内层料机构往复运动， 冲外层料防护件、冲内层料防护件与冲击动力箱之间始终保持 部分重合，防止物料进入冲外层料防护件与冲击动力箱内和 /或防止物料进入冲内层料防护件 与冲击动力箱内。
37. 根据权利要求 36所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲外层 料防护件包括冲外层料防护板， 冲外层料防护板沿冲外层料齿座四周或局部布置， 冲内层料 防护件包括冲内层料防护板， 冲内层料防护板沿沖内层料齿座四周或局部布置。
38. 根据权利要求 36所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲内层 料防护件随冲内层料齿座往复运动， 冲外层料防护件随冲外层料齿座往复运动， 冲内层料防 护板和 /或冲外层料防护板贴合冲击动力箱往复运动且贴合部设有防磨损间隙。
39. 根据权利要求 37所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲内层 料防护板包括冲内层料防护板密封件， 冲外层料防护板包括冲外层料防护板密封件， 冲内层 料防护板密封件和 /或冲外层料防护板密封件的位置设置在与冲击动力箱始终重合端，冲击动 力箱包括冲击动力箱密封件，冲击动力箱密封件设置在与冲内层料防护板和 /或冲外层料防护 板始终重合端。
40. 根据权利要求 37所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲内层 料防护板与冲内层料齿座结合部设有密封件， 冲外层料防护板与冲外层料齿座结合部设有密 封件。
41. 根据权利要求 2所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲击动 力箱包括防护板行程槽， 冲外层料防护件包括冲外层料防护板， 冲内层料防护件包括冲内层 料防护板， 冲内层料防护板和 /或冲外层料防护板相邻的部分在防护板行程槽内往复运动。
42. 根据权利要求 41所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率釆掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的防护板 行程槽内设有弹性体。
43. 根据权利要求 37所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的冲外层 料防护板自由端设有弹性体和 /或冲内层料防护板自由端设有弹性体。
44. 根据权利要求 42、 43所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的弹 性体通过弹性变形将冲外层料防护板和 /或冲内层料防护板带进的物料和 /或落进防护板行程 槽内的物料抖落弹出。
45. 根据权利要求 42、 43所述的多层冲击头少阻力高效率采掘设备， 其特征在于： 所述的弹 性体通过弹性变形吸收冲外层料机构和 /或冲内层料机构的冲击反作用力。
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