WO2013168281A1 - 送電装置、受電装置、車両、および非接触給電システム - Google Patents
送電装置、受電装置、車両、および非接触給電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013168281A1 WO2013168281A1 PCT/JP2012/062131 JP2012062131W WO2013168281A1 WO 2013168281 A1 WO2013168281 A1 WO 2013168281A1 JP 2012062131 W JP2012062131 W JP 2012062131W WO 2013168281 A1 WO2013168281 A1 WO 2013168281A1
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- power
- power transmission
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power transmission device, a power reception device, a vehicle, and a contactless power feeding system, and more specifically, between a power transmission device and a vehicle in a contactless power feeding system that supplies power from an external power source to the vehicle in a contactless manner. It relates to communication control.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-250555 (Patent Document 1) is a power supply system that supplies power to a vehicle in a non-contact manner from a power supply facility outside the vehicle.
- wireless communication and performs appropriate charge based on such information is disclosed.
- a contactless power supply system having a plurality of power transmission devices
- communication with a plurality of other devices is possible depending on the power transmission device and / or the communication range of the vehicle
- wireless communication there may be a case where it is not always possible to specify where the device that is performing communication is actually located. Then, pairing between the power transmission device and the vehicle is not appropriately performed, and power transmission to the vehicle to be charged may be performed based on information on other vehicles parked in the adjacent parking space, for example. There is.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide power transmission in a non-contact power feeding system capable of transmitting information between a power transmitting device and a power receiving device using wireless communication. It is to correctly pair the device and the power receiving device.
- the power transmission device supplies power to the power receiving device in a contactless manner.
- the power transmission device includes a power transmission unit capable of supplying power to the power reception device in a contactless manner, a communication unit for wirelessly communicating with the power reception device, and a control device for controlling the power transmission unit.
- the control device is based on information from the power receiving device specified as the power transmission target in the wireless communication by the communication unit when the transmission power from the power transmission unit is changed while the power transmission unit is performing power transmission. It is determined whether or not the identified power receiving device is a power receiving device to be transmitted from the power transmission unit.
- the control device determines that the specified power receiving device is a power receiving device to be transmitted from the power transmission unit.
- control device determines that the specified power receiving device is not a power receiving device to be transmitted from the power transmission unit when information corresponding to a change in transmitted power is not received from the specified power receiving device.
- the control device receives information resulting from a change in the transmission power from another power reception device that is not specified as a power transmission target in the communication unit. Then, it is determined that the other power receiving device is a power receiving device to be transmitted from the power transmission unit.
- the power transmission device further includes another power transmission unit different from the power transmission unit.
- the control device stores information related to power transmission in the power transmission unit.
- the control device stores a case where it is determined that the other power receiving device is a power receiving device to be transmitted from the power transmitting unit, and power is transmitted from the other power transmitting unit to the specified power receiving device.
- Information regarding power transmission in the power transmission unit is replaced with information regarding power transmission in another power transmission unit.
- control device changes the transmission power by changing at least one of current and voltage.
- the power receiving device includes a power receiving unit that receives power from the power transmitting device in a contactless manner.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the power transmission unit and the natural frequency of the power reception unit is ⁇ 10% or less of the natural frequency of the power transmission unit or the natural frequency of the power reception unit.
- the power receiving device includes a power receiving unit that receives power from the power transmitting device in a contactless manner.
- the coupling coefficient between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit is 0.1 or less.
- the power receiving device includes a power receiving unit that receives power from the power transmitting device in a contactless manner.
- the power receiving unit through at least one of a magnetic field that vibrates at a specific frequency formed between the power receiving unit and the power transmitting unit, and an electric field that vibrates at a specific frequency formed between the power receiving unit and the power transmitting unit, Receives power from the power transmission unit.
- the power transmission device supplies power to the power receiving device in a contactless manner.
- the power transmission apparatus comprehensively controls the first and second power transmission units, the first and second control units that control the first and second power transmission units, and the first and second control units, respectively.
- a control device includes a communication unit for communicating with the power receiving device.
- the control device is set as a power transmission target of the first power transmission unit in wireless communication by the communication unit. Based on the information from the identified power receiving apparatus, it is determined whether or not the identified power receiving apparatus is a power receiving apparatus to be transmitted from the first power transmission unit.
- the power receiving device receives the power from the power transmitting device in a contactless manner.
- the power receiving device includes a communication unit that performs wireless communication with the power transmitting device, and a control device.
- the control device provides a request for changing the transmission power to the power transmission device specified as the power transmission device that transmits power to the power reception device in wireless communication by the communication unit while receiving power. Based on the change in the transmitted power from the power transmission device, it is determined whether or not the identified power transmission device is a power transmission device to be transmitted to the power reception device.
- control device determines that the identified power transmission device is a power transmission device that should transmit power to the power receiving device when the change in the transmission power corresponds to the request.
- the power receiving device further includes a power receiving unit that receives power in a non-contact manner from the power transmitting unit of the power transmitting device.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the power transmission unit and the natural frequency of the power reception unit is ⁇ 10% or less of the natural frequency of the power transmission unit or the natural frequency of the power reception unit.
- the power receiving device further includes a power receiving unit that receives power in a non-contact manner from the power transmitting unit of the power transmitting device.
- the coupling coefficient between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit is 0.1 or less.
- the power receiving device further includes a power receiving unit that receives power in a non-contact manner from the power transmitting unit of the power transmitting device.
- the power receiving unit transmits power through at least one of a magnetic field oscillating at a specific frequency formed between the power receiving unit and the power transmitting unit and an electric field oscillating at a specific frequency formed between the power receiving unit and the power transmitting unit. Receive power from the department.
- a vehicle according to the present invention includes the above-described power receiving device, a power storage device capable of charging the power received by the power receiving device, and a drive device for generating travel driving force using the power from the power storage device.
- the contactless power supply system transmits electric power in a contactless manner between the power transmission device and the vehicle.
- the power transmission device and the vehicle are configured to be capable of wireless communication with each other.
- the power transmission device includes a power transmission unit capable of supplying power to the vehicle in a contactless manner and a control device for controlling the power transmission unit.
- the control device is configured to identify a vehicle based on information from a vehicle identified as a power transmission target by wireless communication when the power transmitted from the power transmission unit is changed while the power transmission unit performs power transmission. Is a vehicle to be transmitted from the power transmission unit.
- the power transmitting device and the power receiving device can be correctly paired.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a vehicle power feeding system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a functional block diagram explaining the structure of the vehicle and power transmission apparatus which are shown in FIG. 1 in detail. It is an equivalent circuit diagram at the time of power transmission from the power transmission device to the vehicle. It is a figure which shows the simulation model of an electric power transmission system. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the shift
- Embodiment 1 It is the figure which showed the relationship between the distance from an electric current source (magnetic current source), and the intensity
- Embodiment 1 it is a figure for demonstrating a schematic communication sequence in case the pairing with a power transmission apparatus and a vehicle is normal.
- Embodiment 1 it is a figure for demonstrating the schematic communication sequence when the pairing with a power transmission apparatus and a vehicle is abnormal.
- it is a flowchart for demonstrating the confirmation control process performed by vehicle ECU. 4 is a flowchart for illustrating a confirmation control process executed by a power transmission ECU in the first embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the schematic communication sequence about the other example of replacement control in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an overall configuration diagram of a vehicle power supply system according to a second embodiment. It is a whole block diagram of the other example of the vehicle electric power feeding system according to Embodiment 2.
- Embodiment 2 it is a figure for demonstrating a schematic communication sequence in case the pairing with a power transmission apparatus and a vehicle is normal.
- Embodiment 2 it is a figure for demonstrating the schematic communication sequence when the pairing with a power transmission apparatus and a vehicle is abnormal.
- Embodiment 3 it is a figure for demonstrating the schematic communication sequence when the pairing with a power transmission apparatus and a vehicle is abnormal.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a vehicle power supply system (non-contact power supply system) 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- vehicle power supply system 10 includes a power transmission device 20 including a plurality of power transmission devices 200A, 200B, and 200C, and vehicles 100A and 100B.
- the power transmission apparatus 20 is shown as a structure containing three power transmission apparatus 200A, 200B, 200C, if the number of power transmission apparatuses is two or more, it can be made into arbitrary numbers. Further, the number of vehicles is not limited to two vehicles as shown in FIG. 1, and it is only necessary to correspond to at least one of a plurality of power transmission devices.
- Each of the plurality of power transmission devices 200A, 200B, and 200C basically has the same configuration, and the vehicles 100A and 100B also have the same configuration. Therefore, in the following description, a plurality of power transmission devices 200A, 200B, and 200C are representatively represented as “power transmission device 200”, and vehicles 100A and 100B are typically represented as “vehicle 100”. It should be noted that the elements constituting the power transmission device and the vehicle are similarly expressed.
- Vehicle 100 includes a power receiving unit 110 and a communication unit 160.
- the power transmission device 200 includes a power supply device 210, a power transmission unit 220, and a communication unit 230.
- the power receiving unit 110 is installed on the bottom surface of the vehicle body, for example, and receives high-frequency AC power output from the power transmission unit 220 of the power transmission device 200 in a contactless manner via an electromagnetic field.
- the detailed configuration of power reception unit 110 will be described later together with the configuration of power transmission unit 220 and power transmission from power transmission unit 220 to power reception unit 110.
- Communication unit 160 is a communication interface for vehicle 100 to communicate with power transmission device 200.
- the power supply device 210 in the power transmission device 200 generates AC power having a predetermined frequency.
- the power supply device 210 receives power from a system power supply (not shown), generates high-frequency AC power, and supplies the generated AC power to the power transmission unit 220.
- the power transmission unit 220 is installed, for example, on the floor of a parking lot and receives supply of high-frequency AC power from the power supply device 210. Then, power transmission unit 220 outputs electric power in a non-contact manner to power reception unit 110 of vehicle 100 via an electromagnetic field generated around power transmission unit 220. The detailed configuration of the power transmission unit 220 will be described later together with the configuration of the power reception unit 110 and the power transmission from the power transmission unit 220 to the power reception unit 110.
- Communication unit 230 is a communication interface for power transmission device 200 to communicate with vehicle 100.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed configuration diagram of the vehicle power supply system 10 shown in FIG.
- power transmission device 200 includes power supply device 210, power transmission unit 220, and vehicle detection unit 270 as described above.
- power supply device 210 further includes a power transmission ECU 240 that is a control device, a power supply unit 250, and a matching unit 260.
- the power transmission unit 220 includes a resonance coil 221, a capacitor 222, and an electromagnetic induction coil 223.
- the power supply unit 250 is controlled by a control signal MOD from the power transmission ECU 240, and converts power received from an AC power supply such as the commercial power supply 400 into high-frequency power. Then, the power supply unit 250 supplies the converted high frequency power to the electromagnetic induction coil 223 via the matching unit 260.
- the power supply unit 250 outputs a transmission voltage Vtr and a transmission current Itr detected by a voltage sensor and a current sensor (not shown) to the power transmission ECU 240, respectively.
- Matching device 260 is a circuit for matching the impedance between power transmission device 200 and vehicle 100.
- Matching device 260 is provided between power supply unit 250 and power transmission unit 220, and can change the impedance of the circuit.
- Arbitrary configuration can be adopted as matching unit 260.
- matching unit 260 includes a variable capacitor and a coil (not shown), and the impedance can be changed by changing the capacitance of the variable capacitor.
- the impedance of the power transmission device 200 can be matched with the impedance of the vehicle 100 (impedance matching).
- matching unit 260 is described as a configuration provided separately from power supply unit 250, but power supply unit 250 may include the function of matching unit 260.
- the vehicle detection unit 270 detects that the vehicle 100 is within the power transmission possible range of the power transmission device 200.
- the vehicle detection unit 270 can use, for example, an arbitrary sensor such as a non-contact type sensor such as a laser, infrared ray, or ultrasonic wave, a contact type sensor such as a limit switch, or a load sensor that detects the vehicle weight.
- the resonance coil 221 transfers electric power to the resonance coil 111 included in the power receiving unit 110 of the vehicle 100 in a non-contact manner. Note that power transmission between the power reception unit 110 and the power transmission unit 220 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the communication unit 230 is a communication interface for performing wireless communication between the power transmission device 200 and the vehicle 100, and exchanges information INFO with the communication unit 160 on the vehicle 100 side.
- the communication unit 230 receives vehicle information transmitted from the communication unit 160, a signal instructing start and stop of power transmission, and the like, and outputs the received information to the power transmission ECU 240.
- Communication unit 230 transmits information including power transmission voltage Vtr and power transmission current Itr from power transmission ECU 240 to vehicle 100.
- the power transmission ECU 240 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage device, and an input / output buffer.
- the power transmission ECU 240 inputs a signal from each sensor and outputs a control signal to each device.
- Each device in the power supply device 210 is controlled. Note that these controls are not limited to processing by software, and can be processed by dedicated hardware (electronic circuit).
- the vehicle 100 includes a charging relay CHR 170, a rectifier 180, a power storage device 190, a system main relay SMR 115, a driving device 155, and a vehicle ECU (Electronic Control Unit) that is a control device. ) 300, a voltage sensor 195, and a current sensor 196.
- a charging relay CHR 170 the vehicle 100 includes a charging relay CHR 170, a rectifier 180, a power storage device 190, a system main relay SMR 115, a driving device 155, and a vehicle ECU (Electronic Control Unit) that is a control device. ) 300, a voltage sensor 195, and a current sensor 196.
- the drive device 155 includes a power control unit PCU (Power Control Unit) 120, a motor generator 130, a power transmission gear 140, and drive wheels 150.
- Power reception unit 110 includes a resonance coil 111, a capacitor 112, and an electromagnetic induction coil 113.
- an electric vehicle is described as an example of vehicle 100, but the configuration of vehicle 100 is not limited to this as long as the vehicle can travel using electric power stored in the power storage device.
- Other examples of the vehicle 100 include a hybrid vehicle equipped with an engine and a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a fuel cell.
- the resonance coil 111 receives electric power from the resonance coil 221 included in the power transmission device 200 in a non-contact manner.
- the rectifier 180 rectifies the AC power received from the electromagnetic induction coil 113 and outputs the rectified DC power to the power storage device 190 via the CHR 170.
- the rectifier 180 may include a diode bridge and a smoothing capacitor (both not shown).
- a so-called switching regulator that performs rectification using switching control may be used.
- a static rectifier such as a diode bridge in order to prevent a malfunction of the switching element due to the generated electromagnetic field.
- CHR 170 is electrically connected between rectifier 180 and power storage device 190.
- CHR 170 is controlled by a control signal SE2 from vehicle ECU 300, and switches between supply and interruption of power from rectifier 180 to power storage device 190.
- the power storage device 190 is a power storage element configured to be chargeable / dischargeable.
- the power storage device 190 includes, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lead storage battery, and a power storage element such as an electric double layer capacitor.
- the power storage device 190 is connected to the rectifier 180. Power storage device 190 stores the power received by power reception unit 110 and rectified by rectifier 180. The power storage device 190 is also connected to the PCU 120 via the SMR 115. Power storage device 190 supplies power for generating vehicle driving force to PCU 120. Further, power storage device 190 stores the electric power generated by motor generator 130. The output of power storage device 190 is, for example, about 200V.
- a power conversion device such as a DC-DC converter is provided between the rectifier 180 and the power storage device 190. You may make it provide. Further, similarly to the power transmission device 200, a matching unit that performs impedance matching may be provided.
- power storage device 190 is provided with a voltage sensor and a current sensor for detecting voltage VB of power storage device 190 and input / output current IB. These detection values are output to vehicle ECU 300. Vehicle ECU 300 calculates the state of charge of power storage device 190 (also referred to as “SOC (State Of Charge)”) based on voltage VB and current IB.
- SOC State Of Charge
- SMR 115 is electrically connected between power storage device 190 and PCU 120.
- SMR 115 is controlled by control signal SE ⁇ b> 1 from vehicle ECU 300, and switches between supply and interruption of power between power storage device 190 and PCU 120.
- the PCU 120 includes a converter and an inverter (not shown).
- the converter is controlled by a control signal PWC from vehicle ECU 300 to convert the voltage from power storage device 190.
- the inverter is controlled by a control signal PWI from vehicle ECU 300 and drives motor generator 130 using electric power converted by the converter.
- the motor generator 130 is an AC rotating electric machine, for example, a permanent magnet type synchronous motor including a rotor in which a permanent magnet is embedded.
- the output torque of the motor generator 130 is transmitted to the drive wheel 150 via the power transmission gear 140.
- the vehicle 100 travels using this torque.
- the motor generator 130 can generate electric power by the rotational force of the drive wheels 150 during the regenerative braking operation of the vehicle 100. Then, the generated power is converted by PCU 120 into charging power for power storage device 190.
- the power storage device 190 can be charged using the power generated by the rotation of the engine.
- the communication unit 160 is a communication interface for performing wireless communication between the vehicle 100 and the power transmission device 200, and exchanges information INFO with the communication unit 230 of the power transmission device 200.
- Information INFO output from communication unit 160 to power transmission device 200 includes vehicle information from vehicle ECU 300 and a signal for instructing start and stop of power transmission.
- vehicle ECU 300 includes a CPU, a storage device, and an input / output buffer, and inputs a signal from each sensor and outputs a control signal to each device. Control. Note that these controls are not limited to processing by software, and can be processed by dedicated hardware (electronic circuit).
- the voltage sensor 195 is connected in parallel to the electromagnetic induction coil 113 and detects the received voltage Vre received by the power receiving unit 110.
- the current sensor 196 is provided on a power line connecting the electromagnetic induction coil 113 and the rectifier 180, and detects the received current Ire.
- the detected power reception voltage Vre and power reception current Ire are transmitted to the vehicle ECU 300 and used for calculation of transmission efficiency.
- the resonance coil 221 is connected to the matching unit 260 in the power transmission unit 220, and the resonance coil 111 is connected to the rectifier 180 in the power reception unit 110.
- FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram when power is transmitted from the power transmission device 200 to the vehicle 100.
- power transmission unit 220 of power transmission device 200 includes a resonance coil 221, a capacitor 222, and an electromagnetic induction coil 223.
- the electromagnetic induction coil 223 is provided, for example, substantially coaxially with the resonance coil 221 at a predetermined interval from the resonance coil 221.
- the electromagnetic induction coil 223 is magnetically coupled to the resonance coil 221 by electromagnetic induction, and supplies high frequency power supplied from the power supply device 210 to the resonance coil 221 by electromagnetic induction.
- the resonance coil 221 forms an LC resonance circuit together with the capacitor 222. As will be described later, an LC resonance circuit is also formed in the power receiving unit 110 of the vehicle 100.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit formed by the resonant coil 221 and the capacitor 222 and the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit of the power receiving unit 110 is ⁇ 10% or less of the natural frequency of the former or the latter.
- the resonance coil 221 receives electric power from the electromagnetic induction coil 223 by electromagnetic induction, and transmits the electric power to the power receiving unit 110 of the vehicle 100 in a non-contact manner.
- the electromagnetic induction coil 223 is provided to facilitate power feeding from the power supply device 210 to the resonance coil 221.
- the power supply device 210 is directly connected to the resonance coil 221 without providing the electromagnetic induction coil 223. Also good.
- the capacitor 222 is provided to adjust the natural frequency of the resonance circuit. When a desired natural frequency is obtained using the stray capacitance of the resonance coil 221, the capacitor 222 is not provided. Also good.
- the power receiving unit 110 of the vehicle 100 includes a resonance coil 111, a capacitor 112, and an electromagnetic induction coil 113.
- the resonance coil 111 and the capacitor 112 form an LC resonance circuit.
- the natural frequency of the LC resonance circuit formed by the resonance coil 111 and the capacitor 112 and the natural frequency of the LC resonance circuit formed by the resonance coil 221 and the capacitor 222 in the power transmission unit 220 of the power transmission device 200 The difference is ⁇ 10% of the former natural frequency or the latter natural frequency.
- the resonance coil 111 receives power from the power transmission unit 220 of the power transmission device 200 in a non-contact manner.
- the electromagnetic induction coil 113 is provided, for example, substantially coaxially with the resonance coil 111 at a predetermined interval from the resonance coil 111.
- the electromagnetic induction coil 113 is magnetically coupled to the resonance coil 111 by electromagnetic induction, takes out the electric power received by the resonance coil 111 by electromagnetic induction, and outputs it to the electric load device 118.
- the electric load device 118 comprehensively represents electric devices after the rectifier 180 (FIG. 2).
- the electromagnetic induction coil 113 is provided for facilitating extraction of electric power from the resonance coil 111, and the rectifier 180 may be directly connected to the resonance coil 111 without providing the electromagnetic induction coil 113.
- the capacitor 112 is provided to adjust the natural frequency of the resonance circuit. When a desired natural frequency is obtained using the stray capacitance of the resonance coil 111, the capacitor 112 is not provided. Also good.
- high-frequency AC power is supplied from the power supply device 210 to the electromagnetic induction coil 223, and power is supplied to the resonance coil 221 using the electromagnetic induction coil 223. Then, energy (electric power) moves from the resonance coil 221 to the resonance coil 111 through a magnetic field formed between the resonance coil 221 and the resonance coil 111 of the vehicle 100. The energy (electric power) moved to the resonance coil 111 is taken out using the electromagnetic induction coil 113 and transmitted to the electric load device 118 of the vehicle 100.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the power transmission unit 220 of the power transmission device 200 and the natural frequency of the power reception unit 110 of the vehicle 100 is the natural frequency of the power transmission unit 220 or the natural frequency of the power reception unit 110. It is ⁇ 10% or less of the frequency.
- the power transmission efficiency can be increased.
- the difference between the natural frequencies is larger than ⁇ 10%, there is a possibility that the power transmission efficiency becomes smaller than 10% and the power transmission time becomes longer.
- the natural frequency of the power transmission unit 220 (power reception unit 110) means a vibration frequency when the electric circuit (resonance circuit) constituting the power transmission unit 220 (power reception unit 110) freely vibrates.
- the natural frequency when the braking force or the electrical resistance is substantially zero is the resonance frequency of the power transmission unit 220 (power reception unit 110). Also called.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a simulation model of the power transmission system.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the deviation of the natural frequency of the power transmission unit and the power reception unit and the power transmission efficiency.
- the power transmission system 89 includes a power transmission unit 90 and a power reception unit 91.
- the power transmission unit 90 includes a first coil 92 and a second coil 93.
- the second coil 93 includes a resonance coil 94 and a capacitor 95 provided in the resonance coil 94.
- the power receiving unit 91 includes a third coil 96 and a fourth coil 97.
- the third coil 96 includes a resonance coil 99 and a capacitor 98 connected to the resonance coil 99.
- the inductance of the resonance coil 94 is an inductance Lt
- the capacitance of the capacitor 95 is a capacitance C1.
- the inductance of the resonance coil 99 is an inductance Lr
- the capacitance of the capacitor 98 is a capacitance C2.
- the horizontal axis indicates the deviation (%) of the natural frequency
- the vertical axis indicates the power transmission efficiency (%) at a constant frequency current.
- the deviation (%) in natural frequency is expressed by the following equation (3).
- the power transmission efficiency can be increased to a practical level by setting. Furthermore, when the natural frequency of the second coil 93 and the third coil 96 is set so that the absolute value of the deviation (%) of the natural frequency is 5% or less of the natural frequency of the third coil 96, the power transmission efficiency is further increased. This is more preferable.
- the simulation software employs electromagnetic field analysis software (JMAG (registered trademark): manufactured by JSOL Corporation).
- power transmission unit 220 of power transmission device 200 and power reception unit 110 of vehicle 100 are formed between power transmission unit 220 and power reception unit 110, and a magnetic field that vibrates at a specific frequency and power transmission Power is exchanged in a non-contact manner through at least one of an electric field that is formed between the unit 220 and the power receiving unit 110 and vibrates at a specific frequency.
- the coupling coefficient ⁇ between the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 is preferably 0.1 or less, and power is transmitted from the power transmission unit 220 to the power reception unit 110 by causing the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 to resonate with each other by an electromagnetic field. Is transmitted.
- the “magnetic field of a specific frequency” typically has a relationship with the power transmission efficiency and the frequency of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220.
- the power transmission efficiency when power is transmitted from the power transmission unit 220 to the power reception unit 110 varies depending on various factors such as the distance between the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110.
- the natural frequency (resonance frequency) of the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 is f0
- the frequency of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220 is f3
- the air gap between the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 is the air gap AG.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the power transmission efficiency when the air gap AG is changed and the frequency f3 of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220 with the natural frequency f0 fixed.
- the horizontal axis indicates the frequency f3 of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220
- the vertical axis indicates the power transmission efficiency (%).
- the efficiency curve L1 schematically shows the relationship between the power transmission efficiency when the air gap AG is small and the frequency f3 of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220. As shown in the efficiency curve L1, when the air gap AG is small, the peak of power transmission efficiency occurs at frequencies f4 and f5 (f4 ⁇ f5).
- the two peaks when the power transmission efficiency is increased change so as to approach each other.
- the efficiency curve L2 when the air gap AG is larger than the predetermined distance, the power transmission efficiency has one peak, and the power transmission efficiency is obtained when the frequency of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220 is the frequency f6. Becomes a peak.
- the efficiency curve L3 When the air gap AG is further increased from the state of the efficiency curve L2, the peak of power transmission efficiency is reduced as shown by the efficiency curve L3.
- the following methods can be considered as methods for improving the power transmission efficiency.
- the frequency of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220 is made constant in accordance with the air gap AG, and the capacitance of the capacitor 222 or the capacitor 112 is changed, so that the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 can be changed. It is conceivable to change the power transmission efficiency characteristics between the two. Specifically, the capacitances of the capacitor 222 and the capacitor 112 are adjusted so that the power transmission efficiency reaches a peak in a state where the frequency of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220 is constant. In this method, the frequency of the current flowing through the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 is constant regardless of the size of the air gap AG.
- a technique for changing the characteristics of the power transmission efficiency a technique using the matching device 260 of the power transmission device 200 or a converter (not shown) provided between the rectifier 180 and the power storage device 190 in the vehicle 100 is used. It is also possible to adopt a technique to do so.
- the second method is a method of adjusting the frequency of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220 based on the size of the air gap AG.
- the power transmission characteristic is the efficiency curve L1
- a current having a frequency f4 or f5 is supplied to the power transmission unit 220.
- the frequency characteristic is the efficiency curves L2 and L3
- the current having the frequency f6 is supplied to the power transmission unit 220.
- the frequency of the current flowing through power transmission unit 220 and power reception unit 110 is changed in accordance with the size of air gap AG.
- the frequency of the current flowing through the power transmission unit 220 is a fixed constant frequency
- the frequency flowing through the power transmission unit 220 is a frequency that changes as appropriate depending on the air gap AG.
- a current having a specific frequency set so as to increase the power transmission efficiency is supplied to the power transmission unit 220 by the first method, the second method, or the like.
- a magnetic field electromagnettic field
- the power receiving unit 110 receives power from the power transmitting unit 220 through a magnetic field that is formed between the power receiving unit 110 and the power transmitting unit 220 and vibrates at a specific frequency.
- the “magnetic field oscillating at a specific frequency” is not necessarily a magnetic field having a fixed frequency.
- the frequency of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220 is set, but the power transmission efficiency is the horizontal direction of the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110.
- the frequency changes due to other factors such as a deviation, and the frequency of the current supplied to the power transmission unit 220 may be adjusted based on the other factors.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the current source (magnetic current source) and the strength of the electromagnetic field.
- the electromagnetic field is composed of three components.
- the curve k1 is a component that is inversely proportional to the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as a “radiated electromagnetic field”.
- a curve k2 is a component inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as an “induction electromagnetic field”.
- the curve k3 is a component inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as an “electrostatic magnetic field”.
- the wavelength of the electromagnetic field is “ ⁇ ”
- the distance at which the strengths of “radiation electromagnetic field”, “induction electromagnetic field”, and “electrostatic magnetic field” are substantially equal can be expressed as ⁇ / 2 ⁇ .
- the “electrostatic magnetic field” is a region where the intensity of the electromagnetic wave suddenly decreases with the distance from the wave source.
- the near field evanescent field in which the “electrostatic magnetic field” is dominant.
- the coupling coefficient ((kappa)) between the power transmission part 220 and the power receiving part 110 is about 0.3 or less, for example, Preferably, it is 0.1 or less.
- a coupling coefficient ( ⁇ ) in the range of about 0.1 to 0.3 can also be employed.
- the coupling coefficient ( ⁇ ) is not limited to such a value, and may take various values that improve power transmission.
- the coupling between the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 in the power transmission is, for example, “magnetic resonance coupling”, “magnetic field (magnetic field) resonance coupling”, “magnetic field resonance (resonance) coupling”, “proximity”
- the “electromagnetic field (electromagnetic field) resonance coupling” means a coupling including any of “magnetic resonance coupling”, “magnetic field (magnetic field) resonance coupling”, and “electric field (electric field) resonance coupling”.
- the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 are formed by coils as described above, the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 are mainly coupled by a magnetic field (magnetic field), and are referred to as “magnetic resonance coupling” or “magnetic field”. (Magnetic field) resonance coupling "is formed.
- a magnetic field magnetic field
- an antenna such as a meander line may be employed for the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110.
- the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110 are mainly based on an electric field (electric field).
- the “electric field (electric field) resonance coupling” is formed.
- the power transmission device communicates with the plurality of vehicles, and the vehicle May be in a state of communicating with a plurality of power transmission devices.
- each device there are a plurality of counterpart devices that can be the targets of power transmission or power reception. Therefore, in order to appropriately supply power from the power transmission device to the vehicle, it is necessary to reliably identify and pair the counterpart device to be transmitted or received.
- the power transmission device cannot correctly grasp the state of the power storage device mounted on the vehicle, and depends on the state of the power storage device of another vehicle. Power transmission is performed. If so, there is a possibility that the power storage device will be insufficiently charged, or on the contrary, the charging cannot be stopped properly, resulting in overcharging. As a result, there is a possibility that the charging intended by the user cannot be performed, or the failure or deterioration of the device may be caused.
- a charge may be imposed according to the amount of charge. Therefore, in a state where the power transmission device and the vehicle are not correctly paired, there is a possibility that the charge information of the vehicle and the charge information imposed on another vehicle are switched.
- the transmission power is intentionally changed, and the vehicle and the power transmission device are determined depending on whether or not the change can be properly grasped by the vehicle.
- Confirmation control is performed to confirm pairing with.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a schematic communication sequence when pairing between the power transmission device 200 and the vehicle 100 is normal in the first embodiment.
- the power transmission device 200 When the confirmation control is started, first, the power transmission device 200 notifies the vehicle 100 currently specified as a power transmission target by wireless communication that the check in the confirmation control is started. Thereby, it is recognized that the power change from the power transmission device 200 is executed in the vehicle 100.
- the vehicle 100 outputs a power change command to the power transmission device 200 in response to this notification. Then, the power transmission device 200 reduces the transmission power from, for example, the current 3 kW to 1 kW. This power change is performed by changing at least one of the transmission current and the transmission voltage.
- the vehicle 100 transmits a signal indicating that pairing is correct to the power transmission device 200.
- the power transmission device 200 notifies the vehicle 100 of the end of the confirmation control and returns the transmitted power from 1 kW to 3 kW to resume normal power feeding.
- the power change command of the vehicle 100 for the confirmation control notification from the power transmission device 200 is not necessarily required, and in response to a predetermined condition being satisfied (for example, a predetermined time has elapsed) after outputting the notification of the notification.
- the power transmission device 200 may change the power by itself.
- the power transmission device 200A power transmission device 1 and the vehicle 100A (vehicle A) in FIG. 1 are paired, and the power transmission device 200B (power transmission device 2) and the vehicle 100B (vehicle B).
- the vehicle A is parked in the parking space of the power transmission device 2, and power is supplied from the power transmission device 2 to the vehicle A.
- the vehicle B is parked in the parking space of the power transmission device 1, and power is supplied from the power transmission device 1 to the vehicle B.
- the power transmission device 1 when the confirmation control is started in the power transmission device 1, the power transmission device 1 notifies the vehicle A currently specified as a power transmission target of the control start notice. Then, the transmitted power from the power transmission device 1 is reduced from 3 kW to 1 kW, for example.
- the power transmitted to the vehicle B is reduced, and the power received by the vehicle A does not change.
- the vehicle A determines that the pairing is abnormal based on the fact that the transmitted power is not changed within a predetermined period after receiving the notice of notice from the power transmission device 1. Then, the vehicle A notifies the power transmission device 1 of the pairing abnormality.
- the power transmission device 1 When the power transmission device 1 recognizes that misidentification about pairing has occurred due to the abnormality notification from the vehicle A, the power transmission device 1 notifies other power transmission devices that misperception has occurred, and transmits power. Stop.
- an abnormal stop notification is transmitted to the power transmission device 2.
- the power transmission device 2 receives the abnormal stop notification from the vehicle B and the misidentification notification from the power transmission device 1 in spite of executing power transmission, and thus recognizes the pairing in the power transmission device 1 and the power transmission device 2. It is determined that the recognition of pairing is reversed. And the power transmission apparatus 2 stops transmission power.
- an abnormality notification may be sent to the power transmission device 2 when the transmission power of the vehicle B is reduced without notice.
- the power transmission device 1 notifies the vehicles A and B and the power transmission device 2 to instruct the change of the currently recognized ID. Moreover, the ID of the vehicle recognized also in the power transmission apparatus 1 is changed. Thereby, pairing in each device becomes normal.
- the abnormal stop notification from the vehicle B or the determination result of the power transmission device 2 in response thereto corresponds to “information resulting from a change in transmitted power” in the present invention.
- the power transmission information for the vehicles A and B is exchanged between the power transmission device 1 and the power transmission device 2.
- the SOC state and billing information of the power storage device mounted on the power transmission target vehicle are appropriately recognized.
- the power transmission device 1 transmits a notification indicating the end of the confirmation control to the vehicles A and B and the power transmission device 2, and transmits a command to resume power transmission to the power transmission device 2.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a process executed by vehicle ECU 300 of vehicle 100.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing executed by power transmission ECU 240 of power transmission device 200.
- Each step in the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is executed in response to a predetermined cycle or a predetermined condition being established when a program stored in advance in vehicle ECU 300 and power transmission ECU 240 is called from the main routine. It is realized by doing. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.
- Vehicle ECU 300 determines in step (hereinafter, step is abbreviated as S) 100 whether power is currently being received.
- vehicle ECU 300 determines that the pairing between vehicle 100 and the power transmission device is normal in the confirmation control. It judges and transmits the notification which shows that it is normal to a power transmission apparatus. Thereafter, when a check end notification is received from the power transmission device in S160, vehicle ECU 300 confirms whether or not power is transmitted from the power transmission device (S170), and resumes power reception when power is transmitted (YES in S170). (S180).
- the process proceeds to S125, and vehicle ECU 300 has passed a predetermined time after receiving the check start notification. It is determined whether or not.
- the process returns to S120. On the other hand, if the predetermined time has elapsed (YES in S125), the process proceeds to S135, and vehicle ECU 300 determines that the pairing between vehicle 100 and the power transmission device is abnormal, and accordingly. Send notification to power transmission equipment.
- the vehicle ECU 300 stops power reception (S140).
- vehicle ECU 300 obtains the ID of the correctly paired power transmission device from the power transmission device, and changes the recognition of the pairing.
- the vehicle ECU 300 receives a check end notification from the power transmission device (S160), and resumes power reception when power transmission from the power transmission device is resumed (YES in S170) (S180).
- vehicle ECU 300 When the transmitted power from the power transmission device is not stopped (NO in S115), vehicle ECU 300 is not a vehicle subject to confirmation control and power transmission is continued. It is determined that there is a high possibility that the pairing of the power transmission device has not been replaced and is normal (S116). Then, vehicle ECU 300 ends the process.
- vehicle ECU 300 determines that an abnormal stop has occurred in S136 because transmitted power is suddenly stopped without notification of confirmation control start. Then, a signal indicating that is transmitted to the power transmission device.
- the vehicle ECU 300 stops the charging operation (S140), obtains an ID change notification from the power transmission device, and changes the pairing to correct pairing (S150).
- the vehicle ECU 300 receives a check end notification from the power transmission device (S160), and resumes power reception when power transmission from the power transmission device is resumed (YES in S170) (S180).
- the power transmission ECU 240 determines whether or not the confirmation control start timing has come.
- the start timing of the confirmation control for example, when a predetermined period has elapsed from the start of power transmission, or when a pairing abnormality is estimated from the power difference between the transmitted power and the received power after a predetermined period, or the like Can be adopted.
- the timing of the confirmation control be as low as possible with the adjacent power transmission equipment.
- the predetermined period is set to a different value for each power transmission device, or the timing is adjusted by the management server in the configuration having the management server described later with reference to FIG.
- power transmission ECU 240 transmits a check start notification to the corresponding vehicle currently recognized as being paired in S210. Then, power transmission ECU 240 reduces the transmitted power to a predetermined power in S220. Note that the power change in S220 is not limited to reducing the power, but the power may be stopped or the power may be increased within an allowable range.
- power transmission ECU 240 determines whether or not the check result for the power change in the paired vehicle is normal. If the check result is normal (YES in S230), the process proceeds to S280, and power transmission ECU 240 notifies the vehicle of confirmation control end notification and returns to the power at the time of normal power supply (S290). The process ends.
- the power transmission ECU 240 selects appropriate ID information based on information from the power transmission device whose pairing recognition has been replaced due to the abnormal stop, and transmits an ID change notification to the vehicle and other power transmission devices (S260). ). Thereafter, in S270, power transmission ECU 240 replaces the power transmission information with the power transmission device whose pairing recognition has been replaced.
- the power transmission ECU 240 notifies the vehicle of the end of the confirmation control and restarts power transmission with the power at the time of normal power feeding (S290).
- the power transmission ECU 240 ends the process because the power transmission is normally continued.
- power transmission ECU 240 determines that the vehicle that is currently transmitting power is different from the vehicle that is communicating, and the process proceeds to S216. Proceed to stop the transmission power.
- power transmission ECU 240 determines a correct pairing power transmission device based on a misconception notification transmitted from another power transmission device, changes its own ID information, and transmits the ID information to the other power transmission device. (S217).
- FIG. 9 shows a method of identifying the vehicle and the power transmission device and exchanging those IDs and information.
- this replacement control other methods can be adopted.
- a corresponding power transmission device may be searched again.
- power transmission device 1 sets timer values T1 and T2 (T1 ⁇ T2) for itself and power transmission device 2. Then, the set timer value T2 is transmitted to the power transmission device 2. Then, a restart request signal is transmitted to vehicles A and B to search for power transmission equipment.
- Vehicles A and B that have received the restart request signal transmit charging request signals to all the power transmission devices at once without specifying the counterpart power transmission device.
- the power transmission device 1 receives a plurality of charge request signals from the vehicles A and B almost simultaneously, and in response, at the timing when the predetermined timer value T1 has elapsed since the reception of the two charge request signals. A power transmission using a minute electric power smaller than that used in a normal charging operation (hereinafter also referred to as “test power transmission”) is executed. The test power transmission at this time is executed only from the power transmission device 1.
- the electric power supplied by the test power transmission of the power transmission device 1 is received by the vehicle B.
- the vehicle B since the vehicle B cannot determine from which power transmission device the power is supplied, the vehicle B responds to the reception of the power without identifying the other power transmission device, On the other hand, a power reception success notification with an ID is transmitted in a batch.
- the power transmission device 1 When the power transmission device 1 receives the power reception success notification from the vehicle B, the power of the test power transmission is received by the vehicle B, and the pairing partner is the vehicle B. Then, the power transmission device 1 notifies the vehicle B of the ID, so that the vehicle B recognizes that the pairing partner is the power transmission device 1.
- the power transmission device 2 receives a plurality of charging request signals from the vehicles A and B almost simultaneously. In response to this, the power transmission device 2 executes test power transmission after the timer value T2 previously determined by the power transmission device 1 has elapsed. The electric power supplied by the test power transmission of the power transmission device 2 is received by the vehicle A. At this stage, since the vehicle A cannot determine which power transmission device the power is supplied from, the vehicle A responds to the reception of the power without identifying the other power transmission device, To send a notification of successful power reception with ID.
- the power transmission device 2 When the power transmission device 2 receives the power reception success notification from the vehicle A, the power of the test power transmission is received by the vehicle A, and the pairing partner is the vehicle A. Then, the power transmission device 2 notifies the vehicle A of the ID, whereby the vehicle A recognizes that the pairing partner is the power transmission device 2.
- the above test transmission is not limited to the case of using minute electric power.
- the magnitude of the power is the same as that in the normal charging operation, the power may be transmitted in a pulse form for a very short time.
- Embodiment 2 In Embodiment 1, the case where each of a plurality of power transmission devices independently controls power transmission operation and communicates with a vehicle or another power transmission device has been described as an example.
- a control device for management (hereinafter also referred to as “management server”) may be provided.
- a management server By providing such a management server, there is an advantage that adjustment between power transmission devices such as the timing of the test power transmission described above becomes easy, and exchange of information between power transmission devices becomes easy. .
- control may be complicated if individual adjustments are made between power transmission devices, so comprehensive control is performed using a management server. It is preferable.
- the 13 is provided with a management server 30 in addition to the power transmission devices 200A, 200B, and 200C shown in FIG.
- the management server 30 is connected to each power transmission device by wired communication and communicates with the power transmission ECU of each power transmission device (FIG. 2). In this configuration, control of individual power transmission devices is executed in a power transmission ECU included in each power transmission device. On the other hand, the management server 30 executes common control and overall control in each power transmission device.
- the management server 30 receives information transmitted from each vehicle to the power transmission device, and transmits the information to the target power transmission device. In addition, the management server 30 receives information transmitted from each power transmission device to the vehicle, and transmits the information to the target vehicle.
- control device 30B having functions of the management server 30 and the power supply devices 210A to 210C of each power transmission device in FIG. 13 is provided.
- Control device 30B wirelessly communicates with each vehicle and controls power transmission operations in a plurality of power transmission units 220A to 220C.
- the configuration as shown in FIG. 14 is effective for a relatively small system, and by integrating the control function and the power supply unit, it is possible to reduce the installation space and installation cost of the device.
- FIG. 13 when the configuration as shown in FIG. 14 is applied to a large-scale system, there is a possibility that a cable for high-frequency power transmission to each power transmission unit will be long, or the amount of control software may be enormous and complicated. There is. Therefore, in a large-scale system, as shown in FIG. 13, it is preferable to perform only distributed control in the management server and perform distributed control such that control of each power transmission unit is performed by a power transmission ECU included in the power transmission device.
- a power supply unit and a matching unit may be arranged in each power transmission device, and their control may be performed by a control device included in the management server.
- FIG. 15 is a communication sequence corresponding to FIG. 8 of the first embodiment when pairing is normal.
- FIG. 16 is a communication sequence corresponding to FIG. 9 of the first embodiment when pairing is abnormal.
- FIG. 15 is different from FIG. 8 in that information transmission between the vehicle 100 and the power transmission device 200 is performed via the management server 30.
- the management server 30 notifies the vehicle 100 to be subjected to the confirmation control that the check is started and recognizes that it is currently paired.
- a power change notification is transmitted to the power transmission device 200 that is currently being transmitted.
- the power transmission device 200 changes the transmission power from 3 kW to 1 kW, for example.
- the vehicle 100 transmits information indicating that the pairing is correct to the management server 30.
- the management server 30 determines that pairing is normal based on information from the vehicle 100 and notifies the vehicle 100 and the power transmission device 200 of the end of the confirmation control. Thereafter, the power from the power transmission device 200 is restored from, for example, 1 kW to 3 kW, and normal power feeding is resumed.
- FIG. 16 is different from FIG. 9 of the first embodiment in that information transmission between the vehicle and the power transmission device is performed via the management server 30. Therefore, in FIG. 16, detailed description of each communication sequence is not repeated, but commands to each vehicle and each power transmission device are transmitted from the management server 30 as in FIG. 15.
- the management server 30 executes determination of pairing abnormality, notification of ID change, and replacement of power transmission information.
- pairing between the currently recognized power transmission device and the vehicle during the power transmission operation is performed as in the first embodiment. It is possible to determine whether or not is normal, and when pairing is abnormal, it can be corrected to appropriate pairing.
- FIG. 16 the configuration as shown in FIG. 12 can be applied to the ID and information exchange control.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a schematic communication sequence in the case where the pairing between the power transmission device and the vehicle is abnormal in the third embodiment. Also in FIG. 17, as in the first and second embodiments, in communication, it is recognized that vehicle A is paired with power transmission device 1 and vehicle B is paired with power transmission device 2. It is assumed that power is transmitted from the power transmission device 1 to the vehicle B and is transmitted from the power transmission device 2 to the vehicle A.
- vehicle A while a power transmission operation is being executed, in response to the arrival of a predetermined confirmation timing, vehicle A notifies power transmission device 1 of the start of confirmation control. In response to this notification, the power transmission device 1 reduces the transmission power from, for example, 3 kW to 1 kW.
- the vehicle A since power transmission is performed from the power transmission device 1 to the vehicle B, a decrease in transmitted power is not detected in the vehicle A, whereby the vehicle A recognizes that pairing is abnormal. Then, the vehicle A notifies the power transmission device 1 of information indicating that the pairing is abnormal, and notifies the other vehicle and the power transmission device that misidentification of pairing has occurred. The power transmission device 1 stops power transmission in response to the abnormality notification from the vehicle A.
- the vehicle A recognizes that the power transmission device 2 is a power transmission device corresponding to the vehicle A. Then, an ID change notification is transmitted from the vehicle A to the vehicle B and the power transmission devices 1 and 2. Each device changes the recognition of the counterpart device according to the ID change notification from the vehicle A. This ensures correct pairing.
- a pairing abnormality may be proactively detected in the vehicle as in the third embodiment.
Abstract
Description
(非接触給電システムの構成)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に従う車両給電システム(非接触給電システム)10の全体構成図である。図1を参照して、車両給電システム10は、複数の送電機器200A,200B,200Cを含む送電装置20と、車両100A,100Bとを備える。
図3は、送電機器200から車両100への電力伝送時の等価回路図である。図3を参照して、送電機器200の送電部220は、共振コイル221と、キャパシタ222と、電磁誘導コイル223とを含む。
f2=1/{2π(Lr×C2)1/2} … (2)
ここで、インダクタンスLrおよびキャパシタンスC1,C2を固定して、インダクタンスLtのみを変化させた場合において、第2コイル93および第3コイル96の固有周波数のズレと電力伝送効率との関係を図5に示す。なお、このシミュレーションにおいては、共振コイル94および共振コイル99の相対的な位置関係は固定とし、さらに、第2コイル93に供給される電流の周波数は一定である。
図5から明らかなように、固有周波数のズレ(%)が0%の場合には、電力伝送効率は100%近くとなる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±5%の場合には、電力伝送効率は40%程度となる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±10%の場合には、電力伝送効率は10%程度となる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±15%の場合には、電力伝送効率は5%程度となる。すなわち、固有周波数のズレ(%)の絶対値(固有周波数の差)が、第3コイル96の固有周波数の10%以下の範囲となるように第2コイル93および第3コイル96の固有周波数を設定することで、電力伝送効率を実用的なレベルに高めることができることがわかる。さらに、固有周波数のズレ(%)の絶対値が第3コイル96の固有周波数の5%以下となるように第2コイル93および第3コイル96の固有周波数を設定すると、電力伝送効率をさらに高めることができるのでより好ましい。なお、シミュレーションソフトしては、電磁界解析ソフトウェア(JMAG(登録商標):株式会社JSOL製)を採用している。
上述のような非接触で電力を伝達する車両給電システムにおいては、送電機器と車両との間の電力伝達のための有線接続を行なわない。そのため、多くの場合、送電機器と車両との間の情報伝達についても無線通信を用いて行なわれ、送電機器および車両において、無線通信によって得た情報に基づいて、互いに認証が行なわれる。
実施の形態1においては、複数の送電機器の各々が、独立して送電動作の制御および車両や他の送電機器との通信を行なう場合を例として説明した。
実施の形態1,2においては、送電装置がペアリングの異常を判定する構成について説明した。
Claims (17)
- 受電装置(100A,100B)へ非接触で電力を供給する送電装置であって、
受電装置へ非接触で電力を供給することが可能な送電部(220A,220B,220C)と、
受電装置と無線通信するための通信部(230A,230B,230C)と、
前記送電部を制御するための制御装置(30,30B,240)とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記送電部が送電を実行している間に、前記送電部からの送電電力を変化させたときの、前記通信部による無線通信において送電対象として特定された受電装置からの情報に基づいて、前記特定された受電装置が前記送電部から送電されるべき受電装置であるか否かを判定する、送電装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記特定された受電装置から、前記送電電力の変化に対応する情報を受信した場合は、前記特定された受電装置が前記送電部から送電されるべき受電装置であると判定する、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記特定された受電装置から、前記送電電力の変化に対応する情報が受信されない場合は、前記特定された受電装置が前記送電部から送電されるべき受電装置ではないと判定する、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記送電部からの送電電力を変化させた場合に、前記通信部において送電対象として特定されていない他の受電装置から、前記送電電力の変化に起因する情報が受信された場合は、前記他の受電装置が前記送電部から送電されるべき受電装置であると判定する、請求項3に記載の送電装置。
- 前記送電装置は、前記送電部とは異なる他の送電部をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記送電部における送電に関する情報を記憶し、
前記制御装置は、前記他の受電装置が前記送電部から送電されるべき受電装置であると判定した場合であって、前記他の送電部から前記特定された受電装置へ送電がされていたときには、記憶している前記送電部における送電に関する情報を、前記他の送電部における送電に関する情報と入換える、請求項4に記載の送電装置。 - 前記制御装置は、電流および電圧の少なくとも一方を変化させることによって、前記送電電力を変更する、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 受電装置は、前記送電装置からの電力を非接触で受電する受電部(110A,110B)を含み、
前記送電部の固有周波数と前記受電部の固有周波数との差は、前記送電部の固有周波数または前記受電部の固有周波数の±10%以下である、請求項1に記載の送電装置。 - 受電装置は、前記送電装置からの電力を非接触で受電する受電部(110A,110B)を含み、
前記送電部と前記受電部との結合係数は0.1以下である、請求項1に記載の送電装置。 - 受電装置は、前記送電装置からの電力を非接触で受電する受電部(110A,110B)を含み、
前記受電部は、前記受電部と前記送電部との間に形成される特定の周波数で振動する磁界、および、前記受電部と前記送電部との間に形成される特定の周波数で振動する電界の少なくとも一方を通じて、前記送電部から受電する、請求項1に記載の送電装置。 - 受電装置(100A,100B)へ非接触で電力を供給する送電装置であって、
第1および第2の送電部(220A,220B,220C)と、
前記第1および第2の送電部をそれぞれ制御する第1および第2の制御部(240)と、
前記第1および第2の制御部を統括的に制御する制御装置(30)とを備え、
前記制御装置は、受電装置と通信するための通信部(31)を含み、
前記制御装置は、前記第1の送電部が送電を実行している間に、前記第1の送電部からの送電電力を変化させた場合に、前記通信部による無線通信において前記第1の送電部の送電対象として特定された受電装置からの情報に基づいて、前記特定された受電装置が前記第1の送電部から送電されるべき受電装置であるか否かを判定する、送電装置。 - 送電装置(20,20A,20B)からの電力を非接触で受電する受電装置であって、
送電装置と無線通信を行なう通信部(160A,160B)と、
制御装置(300)とを備え、
前記制御装置は、電力を受電している間に、送電電力を変化させるための要求を、前記通信部による無線通信において前記受電装置に送電を行なう送電装置として特定された送電装置へ提供し、前記特定された送電装置からの送電電力の変化に基づいて、前記特定された送電装置が前記受電装置に送電するべき送電装置であるか否かを判定する、受電装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記送電電力の変化が前記要求に対応したものである場合に、前記特定された送電装置が前記受電装置に送電するべき送電装置であると判定する、請求項11に記載の受電装置。
- 送電装置の送電部(220A,220B,220C)から非接触で電力を受電する受電部(110A,110B)をさらに備え、
前記送電部の固有周波数と前記受電部の固有周波数との差は、前記送電部の固有周波数または前記受電部の固有周波数の±10%以下である、請求項11に記載の受電装置。 - 送電装置の送電部(220A,220B,220C)から非接触で電力を受電する受電部(110A,110B)をさらに備え、
前記送電部と前記受電部との結合係数は0.1以下である、請求項11に記載の受電装置。 - 送電装置の送電部(220A,220B,220C)から非接触で電力を受電する受電部(110A,110B)をさらに備え、
前記受電部は、前記受電部と前記送電部との間に形成される特定の周波数で振動する磁界、および、前記受電部と前記送電部との間に形成される特定の周波数で振動する電界の少なくとも一方を通じて、前記送電部から受電する、請求項11に記載の受電装置。 - 請求項11に記載の受電装置と、
前記受電装置で受電した電力を充電可能な蓄電装置(190)と、
前記蓄電装置からの電力を用いて走行駆動力を発生するための駆動装置(155)とを備える、車両。 - 非接触で電力を伝達する非接触給電システム(10,10A,10B)であって、
送電装置(20,20A,20B)と、
前記送電装置からの電力を非接触で受電可能な車両(100A,100B)とを備え、
前記送電装置と前記車両とは、互いに無線通信が可能に構成され、
前記送電装置は、
前記車両に非接触で電力を供給することが可能な送電部(220A,220B,220C)と、
前記送電部を制御するための制御装置(30,30B,240)とを含み、
前記制御装置は、前記送電部が送電を実行している間に、前記送電部からの送電電力を変化させたときに、無線通信によって送電対象として特定された車両からの情報に基づいて、前記特定された車両が前記送電部から送電されるべき車両であるか否かを判定する、非接触給電システム。
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DE112012006354.6T DE112012006354B4 (de) | 2012-05-11 | 2012-05-11 | Elektroleistungs-sendevorrichtung, elektroleistungs- empfangsvorrichtung, fahrzeug und berührungsloses elektroleistungs-versorgungssystem |
PCT/JP2012/062131 WO2013168281A1 (ja) | 2012-05-11 | 2012-05-11 | 送電装置、受電装置、車両、および非接触給電システム |
US14/389,493 US9735625B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2012-05-11 | Electric power transmission device, electric power reception device, vehicle, and non-contact electric power feed system |
CN201280073122.2A CN104272557B (zh) | 2012-05-11 | 2012-05-11 | 输电装置、受电装置、车辆以及非接触供电系统 |
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