WO2013166942A1 - 膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法 - Google Patents

膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013166942A1
WO2013166942A1 PCT/CN2013/075182 CN2013075182W WO2013166942A1 WO 2013166942 A1 WO2013166942 A1 WO 2013166942A1 CN 2013075182 W CN2013075182 W CN 2013075182W WO 2013166942 A1 WO2013166942 A1 WO 2013166942A1
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Prior art keywords
film
soil
transplanting
membrane
covering
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PCT/CN2013/075182
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨铁钢
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河南省农业科学院
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Priority to AU2013258720A priority Critical patent/AU2013258720A1/en
Publication of WO2013166942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013166942A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0287—Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and more particularly to a method of crop transplanting.
  • the existing mechanized film transplanting method comprises the following steps: first, using a ridger to ridge; second, using a laminating machine to cover the crop to be planted (including the film and the edge of the covered plastic film) Covering the soil to fix the membrane on the membrane bed; Second, using a transplanter to perform perforation and transplanting on the membrane.
  • the ridger, the laminating machine and the transplanting machine can be integrated (that is, a three-step operation of mulling, laminating and transplanting by using a film transplanting machine), or can be separated (ie, adopting The ridge machine completes the ridge step, the laminating machine is used to complete the laminating step, and the transplanting machine is used to complete the transplanting step).
  • a ridge laminating machine and a transplanter can also be used, and a ridger and a film transplanting machine can also be used.
  • the transplanting machine adopts the method of perforating and transplanting, that is, first punching holes in the membrane, and then transplanting the transplanted crops (seedlings) into the soil in the membrane through the punched holes.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a film-casting mechanized pericardium laminating method capable of effectively closing a membrane hole of a transplanted crop root.
  • the method for transplanting mechanized pericardial lamina comprises the following steps: a first step is to use a laminating device to cover a film bed; and a second step is to use a soil covering device to place the soil in a planned shift. Planting on the mulch at the location of the crop; The third step is to perform perforation and transplanting at the position of the soil covering the membrane.
  • the soil source of the earth-covering device includes collecting soil in the membrane bed area by the soil collecting device before the film is covered during the traveling of the machine; and also collecting the film bed by the earth collecting device after the film is covered during the traveling of the machine. It comes from the soil outside; it also includes the soil that is collected by the soil collecting device and transferred directly to the earth-covering device before the film is transported.
  • the covering form is covered by strip or acupoint.
  • the pre-soil will form a small mound or compactor on the membrane.
  • a concave structure is formed at the position of the film hole. Because the covering soil has loose characteristics, the covering soil will be backfilled into the concave structure under the action of gravity, thereby forming the effect of automatic pericardial lamination, effectively sealing the membrane pores of the root of the crop. Since the membrane pores are effectively closed, the high temperature air does not flow out through the membrane pores, thereby avoiding burns and scalding the crops (especially the leaves on the seedlings are most susceptible to burns) and correspondingly increasing the yield.
  • the method for filming mechanized pericardial membrane on the membrane of the invention firstly pre-covers the soil at the perforation position before transplanting, and uses the looseness of the soil to realize the automatic perforation lamination and sealing the membrane hole of the root of the crop. Therefore, the method not only can prevent the transplanted crop from being burned and burned, but also prevents the water in the soil under the membrane from evaporating and overflowing from the pore of the membrane, thereby playing a role of protecting the mites. In addition, after the membrane pores are effectively closed, the problem that the wind is blown in from the membrane pores during the high wind and the temperature in the membrane is lowered is also avoided.
  • the use of the cover soil to seal the pores of the membrane does not prevent rainwater from penetrating into the pores of the membrane. Therefore, the method of the present invention does not impede the irrigation of rainwater. On the contrary, since rainwater can only penetrate into the pores of the membrane through the soil, excessive rainwater is prevented. Hazard of flooding crop seedlings through membrane pores. Finally, since the pre-covering soil is carried out before transplanting, there is no need to consider problems such as pressing seedlings and rotating soil covering when covering the soil, and it is not necessary to carry out the soil covering operation around the root of the crop, thereby greatly reducing the requirements on the earth-covering device and simplifying the soil covering operation.
  • the on-film transplanting mechanized pericardium laminating method of the present invention comprises the following steps in sequence:
  • the first step is to coat the film bed using a laminating device.
  • a soil collecting device is used to collect a part of the soil on the membrane bed on a soil or a conveyor belt, and a film is coated on the film bed by a laminator to cover the edge of the covered plastic film to fix the film on the film bed.
  • This step specifically includes three steps of using a soil collecting device to collect soil on a part of the membrane bed on a soil or conveyor belt, laminating on the membrane bed, and covering the edge of the covered plastic film to fix the membrane on the membrane bed.
  • the membrane bed may be formed after artificial ridges, or may be formed after the ridge device is ridged.
  • the second step is to use the earth-covering device to place the soil on the mulch at the position where the transplanted crop is planned, that is, to pre-cover the soil on the membrane, and the soil covering position is adjusted to be the same as the row spacing required for transplanting.
  • the method of acupoint covering is adopted, a small mound is covered on the film at intervals; when the method of strip covering is used, a long strip of the compacting belt is covered on the film.
  • the earth-collecting device is a mature prior art, and various different devices can be selected according to the needs, for example, the earth collector and the spiral earth-moving flow guiding device described in Chinese Patent ZL01203596.3 can be used.
  • the film is covered on the film bed using a film coating device.
  • the third step is to perform perforation transplanting at the soil covering position on the membrane using a transplanting device.
  • the above-mentioned earth-collecting device, film-covering device and earth-covering device can be integrated into an integrated device, and the operation sequence thereof is the operation of collecting soil, covering film (including covering film and fixing film) and covering the soil on the film. .
  • the film and the soil-covering operation may also be separately performed.
  • the method for transplanting the mechanized pericardium film on the film of the present invention sequentially comprises the following steps:
  • the first step is to coat the film bed using a laminating device. Specifically, the film is coated on the film bed by a laminator, and the soil is covered on the edge of the covered plastic film to fix the film on the film bed.
  • This step specifically includes laminating on the film bed, covering the edges of the covered plastic film to fix the film on the film bed, and two steps.
  • the membrane bed may be formed after artificial ridges, or may be formed after the ridge device is ridged.
  • the second step is to use the earth-covering device to place the soil on the mulch at the position where the transplanted crop is planned, that is, use a soil-covering device to collect a part of the soil outside the membrane bed on the soil or conveyor belt, and pre-cover the soil on the membrane. Adjust to the same position as the row spacing required for transplanting.
  • acupoint covering When the method of acupoint covering is adopted, a small mound is covered on the film at intervals; when the method of strip covering is used, a long strip of the compacting belt is covered on the film.
  • the earth-collecting device is a mature prior art, and various different devices can be selected according to the needs, for example, the earth collector and the spiral earth-moving flow guiding device described in Chinese Patent ZL01203596.3 can be used.
  • the film is covered on the film bed using a film coating device.
  • the third step is to perform perforation transplanting at the soil covering position on the membrane using a transplanting device.
  • the ridge device, the film mulching device and the transplanting device are all mature prior art, and there are various types of laminating machines, ridgers and transplanting machines on the market (including ridges, mulching, and movement). There is also a patented technology for many related devices, and the structure thereof will not be described again.
  • the applicant firstly adopts a method of mechanized covering soil after mechanized punching and transplanting on the membrane.
  • This method of mechanized transplanting of soil after transplanting has its inherent drawbacks: it is impossible to carry out the filming of the acupoint, that is, it cannot cover the soil of the crop planting hole on the film. Even if the covering area is widened to cover the periphery of the membrane pores, the soil will be pressed against the seedlings of the crops, affecting the normal growth of the seedlings, and the seedlings bent by the soil will also cover part of the area around the pores of the membrane, so that the soil cannot be filmed there.
  • the membrane around the hole is pressed and the membrane pore cannot be completely closed.
  • the seedling protection effect is very limited, and it is still unable to effectively avoid the problem of burns and scalding crop seedlings.
  • the accuracy and complexity of the earth-covering device are high (requires that the soil-covering device can not cover the soil and can not be pressed to the transplanted crop), resulting in The cost of the earth-covering device is beyond the scope that ordinary farmers are willing to bear, and it does not conform to China's national conditions.
  • the looseness of the covering soil is utilized, that is, because the covering soil has looseness, the covering soil on the membrane does not form a large resistance to the punch when punching, and the punching and transplanting
  • the covering soil is automatically backfilled into the concave structure under the action of gravity, thereby automatically pressing the membrane and sealing the membrane pore effectively.
  • the method of transplanting mechanized acupoint laminating film on the film is simple and effective, and the structural complexity and work of the required equipment.
  • the precision requirement is low, the whole set of methods is simple in process and low in cost, which is very consistent with China's national conditions and suitable for promotion.
  • the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the present embodiment, various conventional transformations performed in accordance with the essence of the present invention (for example, replacing the film with a mechanical ridge film or an artificial ridge film in the first step, It is within the scope of the present invention to replace the mechanical covering device with artificial covering soil in the second step.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法，依次包括如下步骤：第一步骤是使用覆膜装置在膜床上覆膜；第二步骤是使用覆土装置将土壤放置在计划移栽作物位置处的地膜上；第三步骤是在膜上覆土位置处进行打孔移栽。第二步骤中预覆土会在膜上形成小土堆或一压土条。在小土堆或压土条上打孔移栽后，膜孔位置处形成凹陷结构。由于覆土具有松散特性，因此在重力的作用下覆土会回填至该凹陷结构内，从而形成自动围穴压膜的效果，封闭作物根部的膜孔。

Description

膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及农业技术领域，尤其是一种作物移栽方法。
背景技术
[0002] 现有的机械化膜上移栽方法包括如下步骤：一、使用起垄机起垄；二、使用覆膜机对作物待栽地块进行覆膜（包括覆膜和对覆好的塑料膜的边缘进行覆土以将膜固定在膜床上）；二、使用移栽机在膜上进行打孔移栽。其中，起垄机、覆膜机和移栽机可以是一体的（即采用覆膜移栽机来完成起垄、覆膜和移栽的三步操作），也可以分体的（即采用起垄机完成起垄步骤，采用覆膜机完成覆膜步骤，采用移栽机完成移栽步骤）。当然，也可以采用起垄覆膜一体机和移栽机，还可以采用起垄机和覆膜移栽一体机。
[0003] 移栽时移栽机都是采用打孔移栽的方式，即先在膜上打孔，然后将移栽的作物（苗）通过打好的孔种植在膜内的土壤中。
[0004] 上述移栽作物的过程具有如下的缺陷：作物种植好后，用以种植作物的膜孔不能封闭。在阳光的照射下膜内会形成高温空气，高温空气会通过所述膜孔流出。高温空气在从膜孔流出时经常会烫伤、烫死作物，尤其是会烫伤、烫死作物幼苗上的叶子，从而降低产量。
[0005] 在膜上移栽技术发展的几十年历史当中，没有任何农业技术人员研究出有效实用的解决上述问题的作业方法，机械化膜上移栽后总会发生一些移栽的作物被烫伤、烫死的现象。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的在于提供一种能够有效封闭移栽作物根部膜孔的膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法。
[0007] 为实现上述目的，本发明的膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法依次包括如下步骤：第一步骤是使用覆膜装置在膜床上覆膜；第二步骤是使用覆土装置将土壤放置在计划移栽作物位置处的地膜上； 第三步骤是在膜上覆土位置处进行打孔移栽。
[0008] 所述覆土装置其土壤来源，包括在机器行进过程中于覆膜前由集土装置收集膜床区域内的土壤而来；也包括在机器行进过程中于覆膜后由集土装置收集膜床以外的土壤而来；还包括机器行进过程中于覆膜前由集土装置收集后直接传递给覆土装置的土壤。
[0009] 所述覆土形式采用条式覆盖或点穴式覆盖。
[0010] 第二步骤中预覆土会在膜上形成小土堆或压土带。在小土堆或压土带上打孔移栽后，膜孔位置处形成凹陷结构。由于覆土具有松散特性，因此在重力的作用下覆土会回填至该凹陷结构内，从而形成自动围穴压膜的效果，有效封闭作物根部的膜孔。由于膜孔得到了有效封闭，因此高温空气不会通过膜孔流出，从而避免烫伤、烫死作物（尤其是幼苗上的叶子最易被烫坏），相应增加产量。
[0011] 本发明的膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法首创了在移栽前于打孔位置处进行预覆土的方法，利用覆土的松散性实现自动围穴压膜、封闭作物根部的膜孔。因此本方法不但能够避免移栽的作物被烫伤、烫死，还防止了膜下土壤内的水分蒸发后由膜孔溢出，从而起到保墒的作用。另外，膜孔有效封闭后，也避免了大风时风由膜孔吹入、降低膜内温度的问题。当然，利用覆土封闭膜孔并不会阻止雨水通过覆土渗入膜孔内，因此本发明的方法并不会妨碍雨水的浇灌作用，相反由于雨水只能通过覆土渗入膜孔内，因此会防止过量雨水通过膜孔对作物幼苗形成水淹的危害。最后，由于是在移栽前进行预覆土，因此覆土时无须考虑压苗以及旋转覆土等问题，无须围绕作物根部进行覆土作业，因此大大降低了对覆土装置的要求，简化了覆土作业。
具体实施方式
[0012] 本发明的膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法依次包括如下步骤：
第一步骤是使用覆膜装置在膜床上覆膜。具体地说，是使用集土装置收集一部分膜床上的土壤于盛土器或传送带上，通过覆膜器在膜床上覆膜、在覆好的塑料膜的边缘进行覆土以将膜固定在膜床上。本步骤具体包括使用集土装置收集一部分膜床上的土壤于盛土器或传送带上、在膜床上覆膜、在覆好的塑料膜的边缘进行覆土以将膜固定在膜床上等三步操作。其中，膜床可以是人工起垄后形成的，也可以是起垄装置起垄后形成的。
[0013] 第二步骤是使用覆土装置将土壤放置在计划移栽作物位置处的地膜上，即在膜上进行预覆土，覆土位置调节为与移栽要求的行距位置相同。采用点穴式覆盖的方法时，在膜上间隔覆盖出小土堆；采用条式覆盖的方法时，在膜上覆盖出长条形的压土带。
[0014] 集土覆土装置是成熟的现有技术，可以根据需要选择各种不同的装置，如可以采用中国专利ZL01203596.3中所记载的集土器、螺旋式取土导流装置等。使用覆膜装置在膜床上覆膜。
[0015] 第三步骤是使用移栽装置在膜上覆土位置处进行打孔移栽。
[0016] 在具体实施过程中，上述集土装置、覆膜装置、覆土装置可以集成为一体化装置，其作业顺序依次为集土、覆膜（含覆膜和对膜进行固定）和膜上覆土等作业。
[0017] 也可以将覆膜和集土覆土作业分开进行，当分开进行时，本发明的膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法依次包括如下步骤：
第一步骤是使用覆膜装置在膜床上覆膜。具体地说，是通过覆膜器在膜床上覆膜、在覆好的塑料膜的边缘进行覆土以将膜固定在膜床上。本步骤具体包括在膜床上覆膜、在覆好的塑料膜的边缘进行覆土以将膜固定在膜床上两个步操。其中，膜床可以是人工起垄后形成的，也可以是起垄装置起垄后形成的。
[0018] 第二步骤是使用覆土装置将土壤放置在计划移栽作物位置处的地膜上，即使用集土覆土装置收集一部分膜床以外的土壤于盛土器或传送带上，在膜上进行预覆土，覆土位置调节为与移栽要求的行距位置相同。采用点穴式覆盖的方法时，在膜上间隔覆盖出小土堆；采用条式覆盖的方法时，在膜上覆盖出长条形的压土带。
[0019] 集土覆土装置是成熟的现有技术，可以根据需要选择各种不同的装置，如可以采用中国专利ZL01203596.3中所记载的集土器、螺旋式取土导流装置等。使用覆膜装置在膜床上覆膜。
[0020] 第三步骤是使用移栽装置在膜上覆土位置处进行打孔移栽。
[0021] 其中，其中起垄装置、覆膜装置和移栽装置均是成熟的现有技术，市场上有多种型号的覆膜机、起垄机、移栽机（包括集起垄、覆膜、移栽功能于一体的一体机），也有许多相关装置的专利技术，其结构不再赘述。
[0022] 为了说明本申请的创造性，以下结合研发过程进行说明：
为解决有效封闭移栽作物根部膜孔以防止作物被烫伤烫死的技术问题，本申请人首先采用的是在膜上机械化打孔移栽之后进行机械化覆土的方法。这种机械化移栽后覆土的方法存在其固有的缺陷：不能实现围穴压膜，即不能够围绕膜上的作物种植孔进行覆土。即便覆土范围扩大以覆盖膜孔周边，也会使土压住作物幼苗，影响幼苗的正常生长，同时被土压弯的幼苗也会遮挡膜孔周边的部分面积，使土无法在该处将膜孔周边的膜压住，无法完全封闭膜孔。虽然先移栽后覆土也有一定作用，但护苗作用非常有限，仍然不能够有效避免烫伤、烫死作物幼苗的问题，反而又出现了压苗的问题。另外，移栽后覆土，为避免损伤幼苗和尽可能封闭膜孔，对覆土装置的精度、复杂度要求较高（要求覆土装置既能够围穴覆土，又不能够压到移栽作物），致使覆土装置的成本超出普通农户愿意承担的范围，不符合我国的国情。
[0023] 将覆土步骤移至打孔之前，看似一种小的调整，但也是非常不容易想到的。首先，在农作物种植领域，先种植（移栽）后覆土是一种延续了几千年的
作法，长期的惯性思维使人们早已接受了这样的种植方法；先覆土后种植（移栽）被认为是一种降低生产效率的、明显无益的方法。本实施例中的膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法突破了上述技术偏见。
[0024] 其次，将覆土步骤移到打孔步骤之前，利用了覆土松散性的特点，即因为覆土具有松散性，因此打孔时膜上覆土并不会对打孔器形成较大阻力，打孔移栽后，由于膜孔处形成凹陷结构，因此覆土又会在重力的作用下自动回填至该凹陷结构内，从而自动围穴压膜并有效封闭膜孔。虽然覆土具有松散性的特点是本领域技术人员所公知的，但将这种公知性知识运用到移栽技术领域并解决有效封闭膜孔的技术问题却是前所未有的，现有技术中不存在任何相应的技术启示。
[0025] 最后，膜上移栽作物的农业技术具有几十年的发展历史，无法有效封闭移栽作物根部膜孔是本技术领域长期存在的一个技术难题。该技术难题一直未得到解决，这一现状也正说明了将覆土步骤移至打孔步骤之前以有效封闭移栽作物根部膜孔的技术方案是非常难以想到的。
[0026] 发明人经过创造性劳动，在经历了许多失败的技术方案之后，才得出本发明的技术方案，这种膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法简单有效，对所需设备的结构复杂度和工作精度要求低，整套方法工序简单，成本低廉，非常符合我国的国情，适于推广使用。
[0027] 当然，本发明包括但不限于本实施例，凡依据本发明的技术实质所进行的各种常规变换（如在第一步骤中将覆膜替换为机械起垄覆膜或人工起垄覆膜，在第二步骤中将机械覆土装置替换为人工覆土）均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

  1. 膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法，其特征在于依次包括如下步骤：
    第一步骤是使用覆膜装置在膜床上覆膜；
    第二步骤是使用覆土装置将土壤放置在计划移栽作物位置处的地膜上；
    第三步骤是在膜上覆土位置处进行打孔移栽。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法，其特征在于：
    所述覆土装置其土壤来源，包括在机器行进过程中于覆膜前由集土装置收集膜床区域内的土壤而来；也包括在机器行进过程中于覆膜后由集土装置收集膜床以外的土壤而来；还包括机器行进过程中于覆膜前由集土装置收集后直接传递给覆土装置的土壤。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法，其特征在于：
    所述覆土形式采用条式覆盖或点穴式覆盖。
PCT/CN2013/075182 2012-05-07 2013-05-06 膜上移栽机械化围穴压膜方法 WO2013166942A1 (zh)

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