WO2013166820A1 - 一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统 - Google Patents

一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013166820A1
WO2013166820A1 PCT/CN2012/085400 CN2012085400W WO2013166820A1 WO 2013166820 A1 WO2013166820 A1 WO 2013166820A1 CN 2012085400 W CN2012085400 W CN 2012085400W WO 2013166820 A1 WO2013166820 A1 WO 2013166820A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blasting
explosion
shell
tank
housing
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PCT/CN2012/085400
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王树众
陈林
孟海鱼
赵军
王龙飞
李学东
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西安交通大学
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Publication of WO2013166820A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013166820A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of urban domestic garbage disposal, in particular to a kitchen waste hydrolysis and explosion system for hydrolyzing and blasting kitchen waste.
  • Kitchen waste mainly contains starch, lignin, cellulose, protein, and lipids, and its macromolecules are degraded into small molecules in a hydrolysis blasting tank.
  • Most of the existing blasting tanks are filled with kitchen waste and catalyst from the feed inlet, and high temperature (180 ° C) high pressure (2 MPa) steam is introduced through the air vent from the discharge port to hydrolyze the organic waste in the tank. After that, the organic material rapidly descends from the high pressure to the normal pressure state from the circular discharge port at the lower end of the tank, and the explosion effect is caused to break the organic matter.
  • the conventional blasting system has the following problems:
  • the steam inlet is single, steam can not be uniformly and quickly transported to every corner of the tank, which often causes the temperature at the inlet to be too high, and some organisms do not hydrolyze, but instead react pyrolysis.
  • the blasting port is facing the ground. There is no receiving device. After the blasting, the materials must be collected manually. After the blasting, a large amount of high-temperature exhaust gas is generated, which brings environmental pollution and wastes the heat energy of the high-temperature steam.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kitchen waste hydrolysis and blasting system, which can overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, ensure uniform temperature field and pressure field in the hydrolysis blasting tank, and can uniformly mix the organic matter and the catalyst in the tank, after the blasting
  • the material is mechanized to collect and recycle the heat energy in the exhaust gas to achieve uniform treatment of exhaust gas collection.
  • a kitchen waste hydrolysis blasting system comprises a blasting tank and a blasting chamber disposed under the blasting tank, the blasting tank comprises a blasting tank shell, and a top of the blasting tank housing is provided with a feeding port and a thermometer And a mechanical sealing device, the agitator shaft extends through the mechanical sealing device into the blasting can housing, and the agitator shaft is provided with a first ribbon agitator located in the blasting can housing; the side wall of the blasting can housing is provided There are at least two annular air intake devices; the bottom of the squirt canister is provided with a pressure gauge and a discharge port.
  • the annular air intake means includes an annular ring that communicates with the external intake duct, the annular ring being in communication with the squirt housing through a plurality of evenly distributed steam passages.
  • the explosion-proof warehouse is buried underground.
  • the explosion-proof chamber comprises a burst chamber, the inlet of the explosion-proof chamber at the top of the explosion-proof housing is connected to the discharge port of the explosion-proof tank housing; and the first inlet pipe is provided at the top of the explosion-proof housing And a second inlet pipe, the first inlet pipe is connected to the water inlet of the first heat recovery spiral pipe in the casing of the explosion-proof casing, and the water outlet of the first heat recovery spiral pipe is connected to the outlet pipe of the casing of the explosion-proof casing;
  • the second inlet pipe is connected to the water inlet of the second heat recovery spiral pipe in the casing of the explosion-proof casing, and the water outlet of the second heat recovery spiral pipe is connected to the outlet pipe of the explosion-proof casing;
  • the bottom of the casing of the explosion-proof casing is discharged Above the mouth is a second ribbon agitator located within the casing of the detonator.
  • the bottom of the explosion-proof housing is provided with a discharge opening, and a discharge transmission belt is arranged below the discharge opening; and an air outlet is further provided on the explosion-proof housing.
  • the annular ring communicates with the blasting can housing through a uniform six steam passages.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • Adopt a circular inlet device The ring device is connected to the hydrolysis blasting tank through a plurality of steam passages to supply steam to the blasting tank.
  • the steam can be delivered evenly and quickly to every corner of the tank without causing excessive temperature at the steam inlet and causing pyrolysis of the biomass.
  • the pressure field in the blasting tank is evenly distributed and the reaction is not balanced.
  • the ribbon stirrer is highly agitated and is especially suitable for kitchen waste.
  • the stirring device makes the material distribution more uniform, the catalyst is in full contact with the kitchen waste, and the reaction is balanced during the spray exposure.
  • the explosion-proof warehouse is designed. After the explosion, the materials are mechanically collected. After collecting the explosion, a large amount of high-temperature exhaust gas is generated. There is no environmental pollution and the heat energy of the high-temperature steam is recovered by the spiral coil heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a kitchen waste hydrolysis and explosion system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a blasting tank of a kitchen waste hydrolysis and blasting system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a blasting tank of a kitchen waste hydrolysis and blasting system of the present invention.
  • the kitchen waste hydrolysis and explosion system of the present invention comprises a blasting tank and a blasting chamber disposed under the blasting tank.
  • the blasting can includes a blasting can housing 1, the top of the blasting can housing 1 is provided with a feeding port 6, a thermometer 3 and a mechanical sealing device 5, and the agitator shaft 4 extends through the mechanical sealing device 5 into the blasting can housing
  • the first shaft agitator 7 is disposed on the agitator shaft 4;
  • the side wall of the squirt casing 1 is provided with two annular air intake devices 2, and
  • the annular air intake device 2 includes an external air intake duct 20
  • the annular ring communicates with the blasting can housing 1 through the evenly distributed six steam passages 21;
  • the bottom of the blasting can housing 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 8 and a discharge opening 9.
  • the explosion-proof warehouse is buried underground, and includes a burst chamber 14 , and the inlet port 10 of the explosion-proof chamber at the top of the explosion-proof chamber 14 is connected to the discharge port 9 of the explosion-proof tank housing 1; the explosion-proof housing 14
  • the top of the top is provided with a first inlet pipe 11 and a second inlet pipe 19, and the first inlet pipe 11 is connected to the water inlet of the first heat recovery coil 12 located in the burst chamber casing 14, the first heat recovery coil 12
  • the water outlet is connected to the outlet pipe 15 extending from the side wall of the explosion-proof casing 14;
  • the second inlet pipe 19 is connected to the water inlet of the second heat recovery spiral pipe 13 located in the explosion-proof casing 14, and the second heat recovery spiral pipe
  • the water outlet of the flange 13 is connected to the outlet pipe 15 extending from the side wall of the explosion-proof casing 14; the second ribbon agitator 16 located in the explosion-proof casing 14 is disposed above the bottom discharge opening of the explosion-
  • the discharge port 9 is closed, the kitchen waste and the catalyst are added to the squirting tank casing 1 from the inlet 6, and the volume of the kitchen accounts for 70%-80% of the volume of the blasting tank, and the inlet is closed. 6. Opening the inlet valve of the annular inlet device 2, the high-pressure high-temperature steam is filled with the inlet device and then through the 24 steam passages 2) into the blasting tank housing 1 uniformly, the kitchen waste is heated, according to the temperature table 3, the pressure gauge 8 It is shown that when the temperature in the tank reaches 180 ° C and the pressure reaches 2.5 MPa, the inlet valve of the annular inlet device 2 is closed, and at the same time, the first ribbon agitator 7 is stirred.
  • the expanding gas acts on the material in the form of a shock wave, so that the material undergoes a shear deformation movement under softening conditions.
  • the kitchen waste is broken into small molecules.
  • the material directly enters the blast chamber casing 14, and the high temperature water vapor is exchanged by the first heat recovery spiral tube 12 and the second heat recovery spiral tube 13, and the steam is condensed into water and material mixing, and the second ribbon agitator 16
  • the agitation promoting material discharge discharge chamber is output to the ground via the outlet material conveying belt 17.
  • the residual gas is discharged through the gas outlet 18 and collected by the gas collecting device.
  • the system emits no exhaust gas and recycles the steam heat energy.
  • the kitchen waste can be used as a raw material for organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer through a hydrolysis explosion system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统，包括喷爆罐和设置于喷爆罐下方的承爆仓，喷爆罐包括喷爆罐壳体，喷爆罐壳体的顶部设有进料口、温度计和机械密封装置，搅拌器轴贯穿机械密封装置伸入喷爆罐壳体中，搅拌器轴上设有位于喷爆罐壳体内的第一螺带搅拌器；喷爆罐壳体的侧壁设有至少两个环形进气装置；喷爆罐壳体的底部设有压力表和出料口。通过搅拌使罐中催化剂与物料均匀混合，喷爆之后物料能够机械化处理，并且有效回收利用高温高压蒸汽的热能，回收废气。

Description

一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统
技术领域
本发明涉及城市生活垃圾处理领域， 特别涉及一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系 统， 用于水解喷爆处理餐厨垃圾。
背景技术
餐厨垃圾主要为含有淀粉、 木质素、 纤维素、 蛋白质、 脂质类， 其大分 子降解为小分子在水解喷爆罐中进行。 现有的喷爆罐多为从进料口加入餐厨 垃圾与催化剂， 从出料口通过气孔通入高温 （180°C ) 高压 （2MPa) 蒸汽， 对 罐内有机垃圾进行水解， 当反应充足后， 有机质从罐下端圆形出料口迅速从 高压下降到常压状态， 产生喷爆效应使有机质破碎。
常规喷爆系统存在以下问题：
① 蒸汽进口单一， 蒸汽不能够均匀、 快速输送至罐内每个角落， 往往 造成进口处温度过高， 部分生物不发生水解， 反而发生热解反应。
② 蒸汽分布不均匀导致压力场分布不均匀， 反应不均衡， 部分有机质 甚至没有发生水解反应。
③ 有机质为固体状态， 其与催化剂在喷爆罐中不能够充分混合， 造成 反应不均衡。 有的局部反应强烈， 催化剂过多而浪费； 有的局部反而没有催 化剂导致反应缓慢。
④ 喷爆口对着地面， 没有承接装置， 喷爆之后物料须人工收集， 喷爆 之后产生大量高温废气， 带来环境污染并且浪费了高温蒸汽的热能。
发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 能够克服现有技术 不足， 保证水解喷爆罐中温度场和压力场均匀， 能使罐中有机质与催化剂混 合均匀， 喷爆之后的物料实现机械化收集并且回收利用废气之中的热能， 实 现废气收集统一处理。
为了实现上述目的， 本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 包括喷爆罐和设置于喷爆罐下方的承爆仓， 喷爆罐包括喷爆罐壳体， 喷爆罐壳体的顶部设有进料口、 温度计和机械密封 装置， 搅拌器轴贯穿机械密封装置伸入喷爆罐壳体中， 搅拌器轴上设有位于 喷爆罐壳体内的第一螺带搅拌器； 喷爆罐壳体的侧壁设有至少两个环形进气 装置； 喷爆罐壳体的底部设有压力表和出料口。
优选的， 环形进气装置包括连通外接进气管道的环形圈， 该环形圈通过 均布的多个蒸汽通道连通喷爆罐壳体。
优选的， 承爆仓埋于地下。
优选的， 承爆仓包括承爆仓壳体， 承爆仓壳体顶部的承爆仓进料口连接 喷爆罐壳体的出料口； 承爆仓壳体的顶部设有第一进水管和第二进水管， 第 一进水管连接位于承爆仓壳体内的第一热量回收螺旋管的进水口， 第一热量 回收螺旋管的出水口连接伸出承爆仓壳体的出水管； 第二进水管连接位于承 爆仓壳体内的第二热量回收螺旋管的进水口， 第二热量回收螺旋管的出水口 连接伸出承爆仓壳体的出水管； 承爆仓壳体底部出料口的上方设有位于承爆 仓壳体内的第二螺带搅拌器。
优选的， 承爆仓壳体的底部设有出料口， 该出料口的下方设有出料传动 带； 承爆仓壳体上还设有出气口。
优选的， 环形圈通过均布的 6个蒸汽通道连通喷爆罐壳体。 相对于现有技术， 本发明具有以下有益效果：
① 采用环形进汽装置。 环形装置通过数个蒸汽通道与水解喷爆罐连 接， 为喷爆罐供汽。 蒸汽能够均匀、 快速输送至罐内每个角落， 不会造成蒸 汽进口处温度过高而导致生物质发生热解反应。 喷爆罐中压力场分布均匀， 反应不均衡。
② 采用螺带式搅拌器。 螺带式搅拌装置搅动强烈， 特别适用于餐厨垃 圾。 搅拌装置使物料分布更加均匀， 催化剂与餐厨垃圾充分接触， 喷曝光中 反应均衡。
③ 设计了承爆仓， 喷爆之后物料实现机械收集， 统一收集喷爆之后产 生大量高温废气， 绝无环境污染并且通过螺旋盘管换热器回收了高温蒸汽的 热能。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细说明。
图 1为本发明一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统的结构示意图；
图 2为本发明餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统的喷爆罐正视图；
图 3为本发明一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统的喷爆罐俯视图。
图中， 1-喷爆罐壳体； 2-环形进汽装置； 3-温度计； 4-搅拌器轴； 5-机 械密封装置； 6-进料口； 7-第一螺带搅拌器； 8-压力表； 9-出料口； 10-承爆 仓进料口； 11-第一进水管； 12-第一热量回收螺旋管； 13-第二热量回收螺旋 管； 14-承爆仓壳体； 15-出水管； 16-第二螺带搅拌器； 17-出料传送带； 18- 出气口； 19-第二进水管； 20-进汽管道； 21-蒸汽通道。 具体实施方式 请参阅图 1至图 3所示， 本发明一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 包括喷爆 罐和设置于喷爆罐下方的承爆仓。
喷爆罐包括喷爆罐壳体 1， 喷爆罐壳体 1的顶部设有进料口 6、 温度计 3 和机械密封装置 5， 搅拌器轴 4贯穿机械密封装置 5伸入喷爆罐壳体 1中， 搅 拌器轴 4上设有第一螺带搅拌器 7;喷爆罐壳体 1的侧壁设有两个环形进气装 置 2， 环形进气装置 2包括连通外接进气管道 20的环形圈， 该环形圈通过均 布的 6个蒸汽通道 21连通喷爆罐壳体 1; 喷爆罐壳体 1的底部设有压力表 8 和出料口 9。
承爆仓埋于地下， 其包括承爆仓壳体 14， 承爆仓壳体 14顶部的承爆仓进 料口 10连接喷爆罐壳体 1的出料口 9;承爆仓壳体 14的顶部设有第一进水管 11和第二进水管 19， 第一进水管 11连接位于承爆仓壳体 14内的第一热量回 收螺旋管 12的进水口， 第一热量回收螺旋管 12的出水口连接伸出承爆仓壳 体 14侧壁的出水管 15;第二进水管 19连接位于承爆仓壳体 14内的第二热量 回收螺旋管 13的进水口， 第二热量回收螺旋管 13的出水口连接伸出承爆仓 壳体 14侧壁的出水管 15; 承爆仓壳体 14底部出料口的上方设有位于承爆仓 壳体 14内的第二螺带搅拌器 16; 承爆仓壳体 14底部出料口的下方设有出料 传动带 17; 承爆仓壳体 14上还设有出气口 18。
开始工作时， 使出料口 9处于关闭状态， 餐厨垃圾及催化剂从进料口 6 加入喷爆罐壳体 1， 餐厨体积占喷爆罐容积的 70%-80%， 关闭进料口 6。 打开 环形进汽装置 2的进汽阀门， 高压高温蒸汽充满进气装置之后经 24个蒸汽通 道 2 ) 均匀进入喷爆罐壳体 1中， 餐厨垃圾被加热， 根据温度表 3、 压力表 8 显示， 罐中温度到达 180°C、 压力到达 2.5MPa时， 关闭环形进汽装置 2进汽 阀门， 与此同时， 第一螺带搅拌器 7进行搅拌。 喷爆罐中， 部分餐厨垃圾溶 胀水解， 木质素水解为小分子。 第一螺带搅拌器 7使物料分布更加均匀， 催 化剂与餐厨垃圾充分接触， 罐中水解反应均衡。 喷爆罐保压 60分钟之后迅速 打开出料口 9，原来渗透到生物质细胞内的高温蒸汽和生物质细胞内的由高温 液态水汽化的蒸汽不能瞬时通过微孔释放到大气， 它们的迅速膨胀对物料细 胞壁的物理结构形成冲击， 破坏了原来木质素、 纤维素间的紧密结构； 同时 膨胀的气体以冲击波的形式作用于物料， 使物料在软化条件下产生剪切力变 形运动。 在水解及喷爆作用下， 餐厨垃圾破碎为小分子。 喷爆之后物质直接 进入承爆仓壳体 14，高温水蒸汽经第一热量回收螺旋管 12及第二热量回收螺 旋管 13换热， 蒸汽冷凝为水与物料混合， 第二螺带搅拌器 16搅拌促进物料 排出承爆仓经出口料传送带 17输出至地面。 残余气体通过出气口 18排出后 经集气装置统一收集， 系统无废气排放并且回收利用了蒸汽热能。 餐厨垃圾 通过水解喷爆系统可以作为有机肥或者生物有机肥的原料。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 其特征在于， 包括喷爆罐和设置于喷爆 罐下方的承爆仓， 喷爆罐包括喷爆罐壳体， 喷爆罐壳体的顶部设有进料口、 温度计和机械密封装置， 搅拌器轴贯穿机械密封装置伸入喷爆罐壳体中， 搅 拌器轴上设有位于喷爆罐壳体内的第一螺带搅拌器； 喷爆罐壳体的侧壁设有 至少两个环形进气装置； 喷爆罐壳体的底部设有压力表和出料口。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 其特征在于， 环 形进气装置包括连通外接进气管道的环形圈， 该环形圈通过均布的多个蒸汽 通道连通喷爆罐壳体。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 其特征在于， 承 爆仓埋于地下。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 其特征在于， 承 爆仓包括承爆仓壳体， 承爆仓壳体顶部的承爆仓进料口连接喷爆罐壳体的出 料口； 承爆仓壳体的顶部设有第一进水管和第二进水管， 第一进水管连接位 于承爆仓壳体内的第一热量回收螺旋管的进水口， 第一热量回收螺旋管的出 水口连接伸出承爆仓壳体的出水管； 第二进水管连接位于承爆仓壳体内的第 二热量回收螺旋管的进水口， 第二热量回收螺旋管的出水口连接伸出承爆仓 壳体的出水管； 承爆仓壳体底部出料口的上方设有位于承爆仓壳体内的第二 螺带搅拌器。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 其特征在于， 承 爆仓壳体的底部设有出料口， 该出料口的下方设有出料传动带； 承爆仓壳体 上还设有出气口。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统， 其特征在于， 环 形圈通过均布的 6个蒸汽通道连通喷爆罐壳体。
PCT/CN2012/085400 2012-05-07 2012-11-28 一种餐厨垃圾水解喷爆系统 WO2013166820A1 (zh)

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