WO2013164903A1 - 画像符号化方法、画像復号方法、画像符号化装置、画像復号装置及び画像符号化復号装置 - Google Patents
画像符号化方法、画像復号方法、画像符号化装置、画像復号装置及び画像符号化復号装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image encoding method and an image decoding method.
- An ITU-T standard called 26x or an ISO / IEC standard called MPEG-x is known (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 2 High Efficiency Video Coding
- JCT-VC Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding
- ISO / IEC 14496-10 “MPEG-4 Part 10 Advanced Video Coding” Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) of ITU-T SG16 WP3 and ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11 8th Meeting: San Jose, CA1-Hc, H Video Coding (HEVC) text specification draft 6 ”,
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image encoding method and an image decoding method that can reduce the processing amount in an image decoding apparatus.
- an image encoding method includes a division step of dividing each of a plurality of pictures into a plurality of tiles, and the division pattern of the tiles is the same for the plurality of pictures.
- a tile structure fixed flag generating step for generating a tile structure fixed flag indicating whether or not there is, an encoding step for generating a plurality of encoded signals by encoding each of the plurality of tiles, and the plurality of codes
- the present invention can provide an image encoding method and an image decoding method capable of reducing the processing amount in the image decoding apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a scan order according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a scan order according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a division example of tiles and slices according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of division of tiles and slices according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the image decoding process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the image decoding process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a syntax example of the encoded bitstream according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a syntax example of the encoded bitstream according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a syntax example of the encoded bitstream according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of division of tiles and slices according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of tile and slice division according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the image decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the image coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart of the image encoding process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the image decoding process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is an overall configuration diagram of a content supply system that realizes a content distribution service.
- FIG. 17 is an overall configuration diagram of a digital broadcasting system.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a television.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an information reproducing / recording unit that reads and writes information from and on a recording medium that is an optical disk.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a structure example of a recording medium that is an optical disk.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile phone.
- FIG. 21B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a mobile phone.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a structure of multiplexed data.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically showing how each stream is multiplexed in the multiplexed data.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing in more detail how the video stream is stored in the PES packet sequence.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating the structure of TS packets and source packets in multiplexed data.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a data structure of the PMT.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of multiplexed data information.
- FIG. 28 shows the internal structure of stream attribute information.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating steps for identifying video data.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an integrated circuit that realizes the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method according to each embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a configuration for switching the driving frequency.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating steps for identifying video data and switching between driving frequencies.
- FIG. 34A is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration for sharing a module of a signal processing unit.
- FIG. 34B is a diagram illustrating another example of a configuration for sharing a module of a signal processing unit.
- one image signal is processed in the raster scan order shown in FIG.
- One image signal is divided into a plurality of units called slices.
- Each slice includes a signal that is continuous in the raster scan order described above. Then, encoding is performed in units of slices.
- a tile method is also considered.
- one image signal is divided into a plurality of rectangular units (tiles). Then, for each of the divided rectangles, a signal included in the rectangle is processed in the raster scan order (see FIG. 2). Since this tile method can divide the screen in the vertical direction, the line memory can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is an example in which the tile boundary does not cross the slice boundary. However, as shown in FIG. 4, there may be a tile boundary inside the slice.
- the present inventor found that in the above method, there is a problem that it is difficult to find the head portion of the tile that is the head of the parallel processing target region when the regions divided into tiles are processed in parallel. .
- pre-processing is necessary for the image decoding apparatus to determine whether or not the bit stream to be decoded can be processed in parallel (parallel decoding). Since the processing time is increased by this preliminary processing, it is difficult to realize high-speed processing. Alternatively, there is a problem that it is necessary to increase the circuit scale in order to perform this pre-processing at high speed.
- it is an image decoding apparatus that can perform parallel decoding processing, and whether or not the bit stream to be decoded is a stream that can be subjected to parallel decoding processing.
- an image decoding apparatus that can determine at high speed whether parallel decoding processing is possible will be described.
- An image encoding method includes a division step of dividing each of a plurality of pictures into a plurality of tiles, and a tile structure indicating whether the division pattern of the tiles is the same for the plurality of pictures.
- a tile structure fixed flag generation step for generating a fixed flag
- an encoding step for generating a plurality of encoded signals by encoding each of the plurality of tiles, the plurality of encoded signals and the tile structure fixed flag Generating a coded bitstream including: a bitstream generating step.
- the image decoding apparatus when the tile structure fixed flag indicates that the tile structure is the same in a plurality of pictures, the image decoding apparatus does not need to decode the tile information of each picture.
- the image coding method can reduce the processing amount in the image decoding apparatus.
- the image encoding method further includes a tile structure information generation step for generating tile structure information indicating a division pattern of the tile, and the bit stream generation step includes the encoded bit stream including the tile structure information. May be generated.
- the tile structure information may indicate the number of rows and columns of tiles included in the picture.
- the tile structure information may include an equal interval flag indicating whether or not the division boundaries of the plurality of tiles are equal intervals.
- the image encoding method further includes a start point information generation step of generating parallel processing start point information indicating a tile that is a start point of a parallel decoding process in the image decoding device among a plurality of tiles, and the bit In the stream generation step, the encoded bit stream including the parallel processing start point information may be generated.
- the image decoding apparatus can grasp the start point of the parallel decoding process with a small amount of processing by referring to the parallel processing start point information.
- the image coding method can reduce the processing amount in the image decoding apparatus.
- the image encoding method further includes a tile position information generation step for generating tile position information indicating the positions of a plurality of tiles, and the bitstream generation step includes the encoded bitstream including the tile position information.
- the parallel processing start point information may be different from the tile position information.
- the parallel processing start point information may be arranged after the tile position information.
- the parallel processing start point information may include a flag indicating whether or not the tile to be processed is a start point of parallel processing, and an identification number of a parallel processing unit starting from the tile.
- the image decoding method obtains a tile structure fixing flag for acquiring a tile structure fixing flag indicating whether or not the tile division pattern included in the encoded bitstream is the same for a plurality of pictures.
- a flag acquisition step, a tile structure specifying step for specifying a tile structure using the tile structure fixed flag, and each of a plurality of tiles included in the encoded bitstream according to the specified tile structure A decoding step of generating a plurality of decoded signals by decoding the plurality of encoded signals.
- the image decoding apparatus when the tile structure fixed flag indicates that the tile structure is the same in a plurality of pictures, the image decoding apparatus does not need to decode the tile information of each picture.
- the image decoding method can reduce the processing amount in the image decoding apparatus.
- the image decoding method further includes a tile structure information acquisition step of acquiring tile structure information indicating a division pattern of the tile from the encoded bitstream.
- the tile structure information is acquired. May be used to identify the tile structure.
- the tile structure information may indicate the number of rows and columns of tiles included in the picture.
- the tile structure information may include an equal interval flag indicating whether or not the division boundaries of the plurality of tiles are equal intervals.
- the image decoding method further includes a start point information acquisition step of acquiring, from the encoded bitstream, parallel processing start point information indicating a tile that is a start point of parallel processing among a plurality of tiles,
- parallel decoding processing may be performed using the parallel processing start point information.
- the image decoding apparatus can grasp the start point of the parallel decoding process with a small amount of processing by referring to the parallel processing start point information.
- the image decoding method can reduce the processing amount in the image decoding apparatus.
- the image decoding method further includes a tile position information acquisition step of acquiring tile position information indicating the positions of a plurality of tiles from the encoded bitstream, and the decoding step uses the tile position information.
- the plurality of encoded signals are decoded, and the parallel processing start point information may be different from the tile position information.
- the parallel processing start point information arranged after the tile position information in the encoded bitstream may be acquired.
- the parallel processing start point information may include a flag indicating whether or not the tile to be processed is a start point of parallel processing, and an identification number of a parallel processing unit starting from the tile.
- An image encoding device includes a control circuit and a storage device electrically connected to the control circuit, and the control circuit converts each of a plurality of pictures into a plurality of tiles.
- a division step for dividing, a tile structure fixed flag generating step for generating a tile structure fixed flag indicating whether or not the tile division pattern is the same in a plurality of pictures, and encoding each of the plurality of tiles Thus, an encoding step for generating a plurality of encoded signals and a bit stream generating step for generating an encoded bitstream including the plurality of encoded signals and the tile structure fixed flag are executed.
- the image decoding apparatus when the tile structure fixed flag indicates that the tile structure is the same among a plurality of pictures, the image decoding apparatus does not need to decode tile information of each picture. Thus, the image coding apparatus can reduce the processing amount in the image decoding apparatus.
- An image decoding apparatus includes a control circuit and a storage device electrically connected to the control circuit, and the control circuit includes a tile division included in the encoded bitstream.
- a decoding step of generating a plurality of decoded signals by decoding a plurality of encoded signals corresponding to each of the plurality of tiles included in the encoded bitstream is executed.
- the image decoding apparatus when the tile structure fixed flag indicates that the tile structure is the same among a plurality of pictures, the image decoding apparatus does not need to decode tile information of each picture. Thus, the image decoding apparatus can reduce the processing amount.
- an image encoding / decoding device includes the image encoding device and the image decoding device.
- Embodiment 1 In the present embodiment, parallel decoding processing in an image decoding apparatus capable of parallel decoding processing will be described.
- the bit stream includes information that enables the image decoding apparatus to easily perform parallel processing.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an outline of the image decoding process according to the present embodiment.
- the image decoding apparatus analyzes information of processing units (for example, tiles) included in the bitstream (S101). Next, the image decoding apparatus determines whether or not the position of the processing unit is a start position of parallel processing based on the analysis result (S102). When the position of the processing unit is the start position of parallel processing (Yes in S102), the image decoding apparatus starts parallel decoding processing (S103). In addition, the image decoding apparatus performs the processing from step S101 onward for subsequent processing units. On the other hand, when the position of the processing unit is not the start position of the parallel processing (No in S102), the image decoding apparatus performs the processing after step S101 on the next processing unit included in the bitstream.
- processing units for example, tiles
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of image decoding processing according to the present embodiment.
- the image decoding apparatus determines whether the bit stream is a bit stream that can be processed in parallel (S111). If parallel processing is possible (Yes in S111), it is confirmed whether or not the image decoding apparatus can execute parallel processing (S112). That is, it is confirmed whether or not the image decoding apparatus has a function of executing parallel processing.
- the image decoding apparatus decodes information indicating a parallel processing unit (S113).
- the image decoding device cannot execute parallel processing, the image decoding device performs the same processing as when the bit stream cannot be processed in parallel. For example, when the bitstream cannot be processed in parallel, and when the image decoding apparatus cannot execute parallel processing, the image processing apparatus performs normal decoding processing without performing parallel decoding processing.
- the image decoding apparatus decodes information indicating the division structure (S114).
- the divided structure is, for example, a tile structure.
- the image decoding apparatus decodes information indicating the starting point of the divided structure and information indicating the starting point of the parallel processing encoded thereafter (S115).
- the processing unit (for example, tile) to be processed is the start point of the parallel processing (Yes in S116)
- the image decoding apparatus decodes the number of the parallel processing unit (substream) (S117).
- the image decoding apparatus decodes information indicating the starting point of the next divided structure (S115).
- the image decoding apparatus can grasp the starting point that can be handled as a parallel processing unit in the structure in which the picture is divided into a plurality of parts, so that the parallel decoding processing can be started quickly.
- the image decoding apparatus determines whether or not the bitstream can be processed in parallel by, for example, a flag indicating whether or not the target picture is averagely divided in the division structure (described later). The determination may be made using the interval flag 113). Specifically, the image decoding apparatus determines that parallel processing is possible when the target picture is divided on average. Alternatively, the image decoding apparatus may determine whether or not the bit stream can be processed in parallel, using 1-bit information included in the bit stream that indicates whether or not parallel processing is possible. Alternatively, the image decoding apparatus refers to information indicating the number of regions that can be processed in parallel included in the bitstream, and determines that the bitstream can be processed in parallel when the number indicates that it is not 0. Good. Note that which of these methods is used may be determined by a balance between the function and the code amount.
- the information indicating the division structure includes, for example, information indicating the number of divisions in the horizontal direction (the number of columns 111 described later) and information indicating the number of divisions in the vertical direction. (Number of lines 112 described later). Further, the information indicating the division structure further includes information indicating how many processing units (for example, processing units called Ctb or LCU) each of the divided areas includes (column width 114 and row number to be described later). Height 115) may be included.
- processing units for example, processing units called Ctb or LCU
- the information (tile position information) indicating the start point of the divided structure may be a special bit string called a start code.
- the image decoding apparatus can search for the start point included in the bitstream by the process of searching for the start code.
- the information indicating the starting point of the division structure may be information indicating how many bits (bytes) ahead of the next processing unit from the current processing unit.
- the image decoding apparatus can know the head position of the divided structure by skipping the data of the number of bits (bytes).
- the information indicating the parallel processing unit may include the horizontal division number and the vertical division number (column number 105 and row number 106 described later) of the equally divided area.
- the information indicating the parallel processing unit may be information indicating the depth in the four branches. Specifically, when the depth is 1, the picture is divided into four equal sizes. When the depth is 2, the picture is divided into 16 equal sizes. Note that equal division means that a picture is divided equally, but the minimum unit is a processing unit called Ctb or LCU.
- information indicating the start point of parallel processing is a flag indicating whether the current processing unit position is the start point of parallel processing (parallel processing start point flag 121 described later).
- an identification number (ID) (substream identifier 122 described later) of the parallel processing unit.
- the information indicating the parallel processing unit may be decoded by an image decoding device that does not support parallel processing.
- FIG. 7 to 9 are diagrams showing an example of the syntax structure of the encoded bitstream according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a syntax example of SPS (Sequence Parameter Set) included in the encoded bitstream according to the present embodiment.
- SPS is control information encoded in sequence units including a plurality of pictures.
- the SPS includes tile information 101 (tiles_or_entropy_coding_sync_idc) indicating whether a picture has a structure called a tile (tile structure).
- tile information 101 is 1, the picture has a tile structure.
- the SPS has a tile structure fixed flag 102 (tiles_fixed_structure_flag) indicating whether the tile structure is variable (arbitrary) or fixed (constant) in a plurality of pictures. )including.
- the tile structure fixed flag 102 is 1, and when the tile structure is variable, the tile structure fixed flag 102 is 0.
- the tile structure fixed flag 102 may be limited to 1 when executing parallel processing.
- the SPS includes a substream flag 103 (substream_flag) indicating whether or not the encoded bitstream has a substream (parallel processing unit).
- the substream flag 103 indicates whether or not the encoded bitstream can be subjected to parallel decoding processing.
- the SPS includes division information 104 (num_substream_columns_minus1 and num_substream_rows_minus1) for dividing the picture into substreams at equal intervals.
- the division information 104 indicates a picture division pattern when the division boundaries of a plurality of substreams are equally spaced.
- This division information 104 includes the number of columns 105 (num_substream_columns_minus1) and the number of rows 106 (num_substream_rows_minus1) included in the picture. Specifically, the number of columns 105 indicates (number of columns-1) when a picture is divided at equal intervals, and the number of rows 106 indicates (number of columns-1).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a syntax example of PPS (Picture Parameter Set) included in the encoded bitstream according to the present embodiment.
- PPS is control information encoded in units of pictures.
- the PPS includes tile structure information 110 indicating a tile structure only when the tile structure fixed flag 102 is 0.
- the tile structure information 110 indicates a tile division pattern.
- the tile structure information 110 includes whether the number of tile columns included in a picture 111 (num_tile_columns_minus1) and the number of tile rows included in a picture 112 (num_tile_rows_minus1) are equal to each other. Is included in the uniform interval flag 113 (uniform_spacing_flag).
- the equally spaced flag 113 indicates whether or not the dividing boundaries of a plurality of tiles are equally spaced.
- the tile structure information 110 includes the width 114 (column_width [i]) of each column and the height 115 (row_height [i]) of each row.
- the PPS includes a loop filter permission flag 116 (loop_filter_cross_tiles_enabled_flag) indicating whether or not to perform loop filter processing on the tile boundary.
- the tile structure fixing flag 102 is limited to 1 when executing parallel processing, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the above example is an example in which the sub stream flag 103 is combined with the tile structure fixed flag 102, and 1 bit can be reduced in a normal case.
- the image encoding device or the image decoding device may encode or decode the substream flag 103.
- the encoded bitstream includes parallel processing start point information 120 indicating a tile that is a starting point of a parallel decoding process (substream) in the image decoding apparatus among a plurality of tiles.
- the parallel processing start point information 120 includes a parallel processing start point flag 121 (substream_entry_point_flag) indicating whether or not the tile to be processed is the start point of parallel processing (whether it is the head of a substream), and the tile at the head.
- a substream identifier 122 (substream_id) that is an identification number of the substream (parallel processing unit). Note that the number of tiles that are included in a certain picture and that serve as the start point of the parallel processing indicated by the parallel processing start point information 120 may be smaller than the total number of tiles included in the picture.
- the encoded bitstream includes tile position information indicating the positions of a plurality of tiles.
- the tile position information is a start code indicating the start point of the tile. That is, the parallel processing start point information 120 is different from the tile position information. In other words, the parallel processing start point information 120 is provided separately from the tile position information.
- the parallel processing start point information 120 is arranged after the tile position information.
- the image decoding apparatus can search for a unit that can be processed in parallel from a structure in which a plurality of pictures are divided at high speed.
- the screen can be equally divided into a rectangular shape (matrix shape), so that the horizontal width of the divided area can be reduced.
- the tile method has an advantage that a necessary memory size can be reduced for an image having a large width in the horizontal direction (for example, an image having a resolution called 4K or 8K).
- a necessary memory size can be reduced for an image having a large width in the horizontal direction (for example, an image having a resolution called 4K or 8K).
- parallel processing is facilitated. For this reason, starting parallel decoding from the top of the tile is important for efficient parallel decoding processing.
- the entropy decoding unit can easily grasp the head position of the slice header so that the entropy decoding unit can search only the slice header and acquire header information in advance. Therefore, by limiting to this structure, a slice header always exists at the head position of the tile. Therefore, the image decoding apparatus can easily specify the start point of the tile, that is, the start point of the parallel decoding process, using the slice header. Furthermore, since information necessary for the decoding process is included in the slice header, it is not necessary to buffer the information of the slice header in advance at the time of decoding.
- the image decoding apparatus has, for example, four substreams (parallel decoding processing) even when the tile structure for dividing a picture into a plurality of pieces is very large as shown in FIGS. Since possible processing units) can be easily searched, parallel processing can be easily realized for various bit stream structures.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the image decoding apparatus 400 according to the present embodiment. Note that the parallel decoding process illustrated in FIG. 5 or 6 is performed by the entropy decoding unit 410.
- the image decoding apparatus 400 generates a decoded signal by decoding the encoded image data (input signal) that has been compression-encoded. For example, the image decoding apparatus 400 receives encoded image data as an input signal for each block. The image decoding apparatus 400 restores image data by performing variable length decoding, inverse quantization, and inverse transform on the input signal.
- the image decoding apparatus 400 includes an entropy decoding unit 410, an inverse quantization / inverse conversion unit 420, an adder 425, a deblocking filter 430, a memory 440, an intra prediction unit 450, A motion compensation unit 460 and an intra / inter switch 470 are provided.
- the entropy decoding unit 410 restores the quantization coefficient by variable-length decoding the input signal (input stream).
- the input signal (input stream) is a signal to be decoded and corresponds to data for each block of the encoded image data.
- the entropy decoding unit 410 acquires motion data from the input signal and outputs the acquired motion data to the motion compensation unit 460.
- the inverse quantization / inverse transform unit 420 restores the transform coefficient by inversely quantizing the quantized coefficient restored by the entropy decoding unit 410. Then, the inverse quantization / inverse transform unit 420 restores the prediction error by inversely transforming the restored transform coefficient.
- the adder 425 generates a decoded image by adding the restored prediction error and the prediction signal.
- the deblocking filter 430 performs deblocking filter processing on the generated decoded image.
- the decoded image subjected to the deblocking filter process is output as a decoded signal.
- the memory 440 is a memory for storing a reference image used for motion compensation. Specifically, the memory 440 stores a decoded image that has been subjected to deblocking filter processing.
- the intra prediction unit 450 generates a prediction signal (intra prediction signal) by performing intra prediction. Specifically, the intra prediction unit 450 generates an intra prediction signal by performing intra prediction with reference to images around the block to be decoded (input signal) in the decoded image generated by the adder 425. .
- the motion compensation unit 460 generates a prediction signal (inter prediction signal) by performing motion compensation based on the motion data output from the entropy decoding unit 410.
- the intra / inter switch 470 selects either the intra prediction signal or the inter prediction signal, and outputs the selected signal to the adder 425 as a prediction signal.
- the image decoding apparatus 400 decodes encoded image data that has been compression-encoded.
- the image decoding apparatus and the image decoding method according to the present embodiment can easily determine the processing start point of the bitstream according to the configuration of the image decoding apparatus. That is, the image decoding apparatus and the image decoding method can easily determine whether or not the position parsed (analyzed) by the slice header is the head of the tile. As a result, the image decoding apparatus can be speeded up.
- an image decoding device can be realized by a high-speed arithmetic circuit used for real-time reproduction processing of high-resolution video.
- This image encoding apparatus generates and transmits a code string that enables easy parallel decoding by encoding. Specifically, the image encoding apparatus transmits information indicating whether the head position of the tile is the head of parallel processing to the image decoding apparatus. As a result, the image encoding apparatus can generate a bitstream that can increase the parallelism of the decoding process.
- the image encoding apparatus determines whether or not the point is the head of the tile when encoding the slice header.
- the image encoding device includes, for example, information shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 in the bit stream.
- the image encoding device can generate an encoded bitstream that can be easily started in parallel decoding by the image decoding device.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the image coding apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- 13 includes a subtractor 205, a transform / quantization unit 210, an entropy coding unit 220, an inverse quantization / inverse transform unit 230, an adder 235, and a deblocking filter 240.
- a memory 250 an intra prediction unit 260, a motion detection unit 270, a motion compensation unit 280, and an intra / inter switch 290.
- the subtracter 205 calculates a difference between the input signal and the prediction signal, that is, a prediction error.
- the transform / quantization unit 210 generates a frequency domain transform coefficient by transforming a spatial domain prediction error. For example, the transform / quantization unit 210 generates a transform coefficient by performing DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) transform on the prediction error. Furthermore, the transform / quantization unit 210 generates a quantized coefficient by quantizing the transform coefficient.
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- the entropy encoding unit 220 generates an encoded signal by performing variable length encoding on the quantization coefficient.
- the entropy encoding unit 220 encodes the motion data (for example, a motion vector) detected by the motion detection unit 270, and outputs the encoded data by including it in the encoded signal.
- the inverse quantization / inverse transform unit 230 restores the transform coefficient by inverse quantization of the quantized coefficient. Further, the inverse quantization / inverse transform unit 230 restores the prediction error by inversely transforming the restored transform coefficient. Note that the restored prediction error does not match the prediction error generated by the subtractor 205 because information is lost due to quantization. That is, the restored prediction error includes a quantization error.
- the adder 235 generates a local decoded image by adding the restored prediction error and the prediction signal.
- the deblocking filter 240 performs deblocking filter processing on the generated local decoded image.
- the memory 250 is a memory for storing a reference image used for motion compensation. Specifically, the memory 250 stores a local decoded image that has been subjected to deblocking filter processing.
- the intra prediction unit 260 generates a prediction signal (intra prediction signal) by performing intra prediction. Specifically, the intra prediction unit 260 performs intra prediction with reference to an image around the block to be encoded (input signal) in the local decoded image generated by the adder 235, thereby obtaining an intra prediction signal. Generate.
- the motion detector 270 detects motion data (for example, a motion vector) between the input signal and the reference image stored in the memory 250.
- motion data for example, a motion vector
- the motion compensation unit 280 generates a prediction signal (inter prediction signal) by performing motion compensation based on the detected motion data.
- the intra / inter switch 290 selects either the intra prediction signal or the inter prediction signal, and outputs the selected signal to the subtracter 205 and the adder 235 as a prediction signal.
- the image encoding device 200 compresses and encodes image data.
- the entropy encoding unit 220 encodes a flag (parallel processing start point information 120) for determining whether the slice header is the head of a tile.
- the image coding apparatus and the image coding method according to the present embodiment transmit information related to the order of decoding processing to the image decoding apparatus. Thereby, the image coding apparatus and the image coding method can generate a bitstream that can be processed at high speed in the image decoding apparatus.
- the image coding apparatus divides each of a plurality of pictures into a plurality of tiles as shown in FIG. 14 (S151). For example, the image encoding apparatus determines a tile division pattern according to an instruction from the outside, encoding efficiency, or the like. Next, the image coding apparatus generates a tile structure fixed flag 102 indicating whether or not the tile division pattern is the same (fixed) in a plurality of pictures (S152). Next, the image encoding device generates a plurality of encoded signals by encoding each of the plurality of tiles (S153). Next, the image coding apparatus generates a coded bitstream including a plurality of coded signals and the tile structure fixed flag 102 (S154).
- the image decoding apparatus has a tile structure fixed flag indicating whether or not the tile division pattern included in the encoded bitstream is the same for a plurality of pictures. 102 is acquired (S161). Next, the image decoding apparatus specifies a tile structure using the tile structure fixed flag 102 (S162). Next, the image decoding apparatus generates a plurality of decoded signals by decoding a plurality of encoded signals corresponding to each of the plurality of tiles included in the encoded bitstream in accordance with the identified tile structure (S163). ).
- the encoded bitstream includes the tile information 101, the tile structure fixed flag 102, the substream flag 103, the division information 104, the tile structure information 110, the loop filter permission flag 116, the parallel processing start point information 120, and the like.
- the image encoding device generates these pieces of information and generates a coded bitstream including these pieces of information.
- the image decoding apparatus acquires these pieces of information from the encoded bit stream and performs a decoding process using these pieces of information. Specifically, the image decoding apparatus uses the tile information 101 to determine whether a tile structure is used.
- the image decoding apparatus identifies the tile structure using the tile structure fixed flag 102, the tile structure information 110, and the tile position information. Then, the image decoding apparatus decodes a plurality of encoded signals corresponding to each of the plurality of tiles according to the identified tile structure. Further, the image decoding apparatus identifies a unit (substream) of parallel decoding processing using the substream flag 103, the division information 104, and the parallel processing start point information 120, and according to the specified unit of parallel decoding processing, Multiple tiles are decoded in parallel.
- each processing unit included in the image encoding device and the image decoding device according to the above embodiment is typically realized as an LSI that is an integrated circuit. These may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip so as to include a part or all of them.
- circuits are not limited to LSI, and may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor.
- An FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connection and setting of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.
- each component may be configured by dedicated hardware or may be realized by executing a software program suitable for each component.
- Each component may be realized by a program execution unit such as a CPU or a processor reading and executing a software program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- the image encoding device and the image decoding device include a control circuit (control circuit) and a storage device (storage) electrically connected to the control circuit (accessible from the control circuit).
- the control circuit includes at least one of dedicated hardware and a program execution unit. Further, when the control circuit includes a program execution unit, the storage device stores a software program executed by the program execution unit.
- the present invention may be the software program or a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- the program can be distributed via a transmission medium such as the Internet.
- division of functional blocks in the block diagram is an example, and a plurality of functional blocks can be realized as one functional block, a single functional block can be divided into a plurality of functions, or some functions can be transferred to other functional blocks. May be.
- functions of a plurality of functional blocks having similar functions may be processed in parallel or time-division by a single hardware or software.
- the order in which the steps included in the image encoding method or the image decoding method are executed is for illustrating the present invention specifically, and may be in an order other than the above. . Also, some of the above steps may be executed simultaneously (in parallel) with other steps.
- the image encoding device and the image decoding device according to one or more aspects of the present invention have been described based on the embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Unless it deviates from the gist of the present invention, one or more of the present invention may be applied to various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art, or forms constructed by combining components in different embodiments. It may be included within the scope of the embodiments.
- the storage medium may be any medium that can record a program, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, an IC card, and a semiconductor memory.
- the system has an image encoding / decoding device including an image encoding device using an image encoding method and an image decoding device using an image decoding method.
- image encoding / decoding device including an image encoding device using an image encoding method and an image decoding device using an image decoding method.
- Other configurations in the system can be appropriately changed according to circumstances.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a content supply system ex100 that realizes a content distribution service.
- a communication service providing area is divided into desired sizes, and base stations ex106, ex107, ex108, ex109, and ex110, which are fixed wireless stations, are installed in each cell.
- This content supply system ex100 includes a computer ex111, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) ex112, a camera ex113, a mobile phone ex114, a game machine ex115 via the Internet ex101, the Internet service provider ex102, the telephone network ex104, and the base stations ex106 to ex110. Etc. are connected.
- PDA Personal Digital Assistant
- each device may be directly connected to the telephone network ex104 without going from the base station ex106, which is a fixed wireless station, to ex110.
- the devices may be directly connected to each other via short-range wireless or the like.
- the camera ex113 is a device that can shoot moving images such as a digital video camera
- the camera ex116 is a device that can shoot still images and movies such as a digital camera.
- the mobile phone ex114 is a GSM (registered trademark) (Global System for Mobile Communications) system, a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system, a W-CDMA (Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access) system, or an LTE (Long Term Evolution) system.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- W-CDMA Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- HSPA High-Speed-Packet-Access
- PHS Personal Handyphone-System
- the camera ex113 and the like are connected to the streaming server ex103 through the base station ex109 and the telephone network ex104, thereby enabling live distribution and the like.
- live distribution content that is shot by a user using the camera ex113 (for example, music live video) is encoded as described in each of the above embodiments (that is, in one aspect of the present invention).
- the streaming server ex103 stream-distributes the content data transmitted to the requested client. Examples of the client include a computer ex111, a PDA ex112, a camera ex113, a mobile phone ex114, and a game machine ex115 that can decode the encoded data.
- Each device that receives the distributed data decodes the received data and reproduces it (that is, functions as an image decoding device according to one embodiment of the present invention).
- the captured data may be encoded by the camera ex113, the streaming server ex103 that performs data transmission processing, or may be shared with each other.
- the decryption processing of the distributed data may be performed by the client, the streaming server ex103, or may be performed in common with each other.
- still images and / or moving image data captured by the camera ex116 may be transmitted to the streaming server ex103 via the computer ex111.
- the encoding process in this case may be performed by any of the camera ex116, the computer ex111, and the streaming server ex103, or may be performed in a shared manner.
- these encoding / decoding processes are generally performed in the computer ex111 and the LSI ex500 included in each device.
- the LSI ex500 may be configured as a single chip or a plurality of chips.
- moving image encoding / decoding software is incorporated into some recording medium (CD-ROM, flexible disk, hard disk, etc.) that can be read by the computer ex111, etc., and encoding / decoding processing is performed using the software. May be.
- moving image data acquired by the camera may be transmitted.
- the moving image data at this time is data encoded by the LSI ex500 included in the mobile phone ex114.
- the streaming server ex103 may be a plurality of servers or a plurality of computers, and may process, record, and distribute data in a distributed manner.
- the encoded data can be received and reproduced by the client.
- the information transmitted by the user can be received, decrypted and reproduced by the client in real time, and personal broadcasting can be realized even for a user who does not have special rights or facilities.
- the digital broadcast system ex200 also includes at least the video encoding device (video encoding device) or video decoding according to each of the above embodiments. Any of the devices (image decoding devices) can be incorporated.
- video encoding device video encoding device
- image decoding devices any of the devices (image decoding devices) can be incorporated.
- the broadcast station ex201 multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing music data and the like on video data is transmitted to a communication or satellite ex202 via radio waves.
- This video data is data encoded by the moving image encoding method described in each of the above embodiments (that is, data encoded by the image encoding apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention).
- the broadcasting satellite ex202 transmits a radio wave for broadcasting, and this radio wave is received by a home antenna ex204 capable of receiving satellite broadcasting.
- the received multiplexed data is decoded and reproduced by an apparatus such as the television (receiver) ex300 or the set top box (STB) ex217 (that is, functions as an image decoding apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention).
- a reader / recorder ex218 that reads and decodes multiplexed data recorded on a recording medium ex215 such as a DVD or a BD, or encodes a video signal on the recording medium ex215 and, in some cases, multiplexes and writes it with a music signal. It is possible to mount the moving picture decoding apparatus or moving picture encoding apparatus described in the above embodiments. In this case, the reproduced video signal is displayed on the monitor ex219, and the video signal can be reproduced in another device or system using the recording medium ex215 on which the multiplexed data is recorded.
- a moving picture decoding apparatus may be mounted in a set-top box ex217 connected to a cable ex203 for cable television or an antenna ex204 for satellite / terrestrial broadcasting and displayed on the monitor ex219 of the television.
- the moving picture decoding apparatus may be incorporated in the television instead of the set top box.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a television (receiver) ex300 that uses the video decoding method and the video encoding method described in each of the above embodiments.
- the television ex300 obtains or outputs multiplexed data in which audio data is multiplexed with video data via the antenna ex204 or the cable ex203 that receives the broadcast, and demodulates the received multiplexed data.
- the modulation / demodulation unit ex302 that modulates multiplexed data to be transmitted to the outside, and the demodulated multiplexed data is separated into video data and audio data, or the video data and audio data encoded by the signal processing unit ex306 Is provided with a multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex303.
- the television ex300 also decodes the audio data and the video data, or encodes the information, the audio signal processing unit ex304, the video signal processing unit ex305 (the image encoding device or the image according to one embodiment of the present invention) A signal processing unit ex306 that functions as a decoding device), a speaker ex307 that outputs the decoded audio signal, and an output unit ex309 that includes a display unit ex308 such as a display that displays the decoded video signal. Furthermore, the television ex300 includes an interface unit ex317 including an operation input unit ex312 that receives an input of a user operation. Furthermore, the television ex300 includes a control unit ex310 that performs overall control of each unit, and a power supply circuit unit ex311 that supplies power to each unit.
- the interface unit ex317 includes a bridge unit ex313 connected to an external device such as a reader / recorder ex218, a recording unit ex216 such as an SD card, and an external recording unit such as a hard disk.
- a driver ex315 for connecting to a medium, a modem ex316 for connecting to a telephone network, and the like may be included.
- the recording medium ex216 is capable of electrically recording information by using a nonvolatile / volatile semiconductor memory element to be stored.
- Each part of the television ex300 is connected to each other via a synchronous bus.
- the television ex300 receives a user operation from the remote controller ex220 or the like, and demultiplexes the multiplexed data demodulated by the modulation / demodulation unit ex302 by the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex303 based on the control of the control unit ex310 having a CPU or the like. Furthermore, in the television ex300, the separated audio data is decoded by the audio signal processing unit ex304, and the separated video data is decoded by the video signal processing unit ex305 using the decoding method described in each of the above embodiments.
- the decoded audio signal and video signal are output from the output unit ex309 to the outside. At the time of output, these signals may be temporarily stored in the buffers ex318, ex319, etc. so that the audio signal and the video signal are reproduced in synchronization. Also, the television ex300 may read multiplexed data from recording media ex215 and ex216 such as a magnetic / optical disk and an SD card, not from broadcasting. Next, a configuration in which the television ex300 encodes an audio signal or a video signal and transmits the signal to the outside or to a recording medium will be described.
- the television ex300 receives a user operation from the remote controller ex220 and the like, encodes an audio signal with the audio signal processing unit ex304, and converts the video signal with the video signal processing unit ex305 based on the control of the control unit ex310. Encoding is performed using the encoding method described in (1).
- the encoded audio signal and video signal are multiplexed by the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex303 and output to the outside. When multiplexing, these signals may be temporarily stored in the buffers ex320, ex321, etc. so that the audio signal and the video signal are synchronized.
- a plurality of buffers ex318, ex319, ex320, and ex321 may be provided as illustrated, or one or more buffers may be shared. Further, in addition to the illustrated example, data may be stored in the buffer as a buffer material that prevents system overflow and underflow, for example, between the modulation / demodulation unit ex302 and the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex303.
- the television ex300 has a configuration for receiving AV input of a microphone and a camera, and performs encoding processing on the data acquired from them. Also good.
- the television ex300 has been described as a configuration capable of the above-described encoding processing, multiplexing, and external output, but these processing cannot be performed, and only the above-described reception, decoding processing, and external output are possible. It may be a configuration.
- the decoding process or the encoding process may be performed by either the television ex300 or the reader / recorder ex218,
- the reader / recorder ex218 may share with each other.
- FIG. 19 shows a configuration of an information reproducing / recording unit ex400 when data is read from or written to an optical disk.
- the information reproducing / recording unit ex400 includes elements ex401, ex402, ex403, ex404, ex405, ex406, and ex407 described below.
- the optical head ex401 irradiates a laser spot on the recording surface of the recording medium ex215 that is an optical disk to write information, and detects information reflected from the recording surface of the recording medium ex215 to read the information.
- the modulation recording unit ex402 electrically drives a semiconductor laser built in the optical head ex401 and modulates the laser beam according to the recording data.
- the reproduction demodulator ex403 amplifies the reproduction signal obtained by electrically detecting the reflected light from the recording surface by the photodetector built in the optical head ex401, separates and demodulates the signal component recorded on the recording medium ex215, and is necessary To play back information.
- the buffer ex404 temporarily holds information to be recorded on the recording medium ex215 and information reproduced from the recording medium ex215.
- the disk motor ex405 rotates the recording medium ex215.
- the servo control unit ex406 moves the optical head ex401 to a predetermined information track while controlling the rotational drive of the disk motor ex405, and performs a laser spot tracking process.
- the system control unit ex407 controls the entire information reproduction / recording unit ex400.
- the system control unit ex407 uses various types of information held in the buffer ex404, and generates and adds new information as necessary.
- the modulation recording unit ex402, the reproduction demodulation unit This is realized by recording / reproducing information through the optical head ex401 while operating the ex403 and the servo control unit ex406 in a coordinated manner.
- the system control unit ex407 includes, for example, a microprocessor, and executes these processes by executing a read / write program.
- the optical head ex401 has been described as irradiating a laser spot.
- a configuration in which higher-density recording is performed using near-field light may be used.
- FIG. 20 shows a schematic diagram of a recording medium ex215 that is an optical disk.
- Guide grooves grooves
- address information indicating the absolute position on the disc is recorded in advance on the information track ex230 by changing the shape of the groove.
- This address information includes information for specifying the position of the recording block ex231 that is a unit for recording data, and the recording block is specified by reproducing the information track ex230 and reading the address information in a recording or reproducing apparatus.
- the recording medium ex215 includes a data recording area ex233, an inner peripheral area ex232, and an outer peripheral area ex234.
- the area used for recording user data is the data recording area ex233, and the inner circumference area ex232 and the outer circumference area ex234 arranged on the inner or outer circumference of the data recording area ex233 are used for specific purposes other than user data recording. Used.
- the information reproducing / recording unit ex400 reads / writes encoded audio data, video data, or multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing these data with respect to the data recording area ex233 of the recording medium ex215.
- an optical disk such as a single-layer DVD or BD has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to these, and an optical disk having a multilayer structure and capable of recording other than the surface may be used.
- an optical disc with a multi-dimensional recording / reproducing structure such as recording information using light of different wavelengths in the same place on the disc, or recording different layers of information from various angles. It may be.
- the car ex210 having the antenna ex205 can receive data from the satellite ex202 and the like, and the moving image can be reproduced on a display device such as the car navigation ex211 that the car ex210 has.
- the configuration of the car navigation ex211 may be, for example, a configuration in which a GPS receiving unit is added in the configuration illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram showing the mobile phone ex114 using the moving picture decoding method and the moving picture encoding method described in the above embodiment.
- the mobile phone ex114 includes an antenna ex350 for transmitting and receiving radio waves to and from the base station ex110, a camera unit ex365 capable of capturing video and still images, a video captured by the camera unit ex365, a video received by the antenna ex350, and the like Is provided with a display unit ex358 such as a liquid crystal display for displaying the decrypted data.
- the mobile phone ex114 further includes a main body unit having an operation key unit ex366, an audio output unit ex357 such as a speaker for outputting audio, an audio input unit ex356 such as a microphone for inputting audio, a captured video,
- an audio input unit ex356 such as a microphone for inputting audio
- a captured video In the memory unit ex367 for storing encoded data or decoded data such as still images, recorded audio, received video, still images, mails, or the like, or an interface unit with a recording medium for storing data
- a slot ex364 is provided.
- the mobile phone ex114 has a power supply circuit part ex361, an operation input control part ex362, and a video signal processing part ex355 with respect to a main control part ex360 that comprehensively controls each part of the main body including the display part ex358 and the operation key part ex366.
- a camera interface unit ex363, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) control unit ex359, a modulation / demodulation unit ex352, a multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex353, an audio signal processing unit ex354, a slot unit ex364, and a memory unit ex367 are connected to each other via a bus ex370. ing.
- the power supply circuit unit ex361 starts up the mobile phone ex114 in an operable state by supplying power from the battery pack to each unit.
- the cellular phone ex114 converts the audio signal collected by the audio input unit ex356 in the voice call mode into a digital audio signal by the audio signal processing unit ex354 based on the control of the main control unit ex360 having a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like. Then, this is subjected to spectrum spread processing by the modulation / demodulation unit ex352, digital-analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing are performed by the transmission / reception unit ex351, and then transmitted via the antenna ex350.
- the mobile phone ex114 also amplifies the received data received via the antenna ex350 in the voice call mode, performs frequency conversion processing and analog-digital conversion processing, performs spectrum despreading processing by the modulation / demodulation unit ex352, and performs voice signal processing unit After being converted into an analog audio signal by ex354, this is output from the audio output unit ex357.
- the text data of the e-mail input by operating the operation key unit ex366 of the main unit is sent to the main control unit ex360 via the operation input control unit ex362.
- the main control unit ex360 performs spread spectrum processing on the text data in the modulation / demodulation unit ex352, performs digital analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing in the transmission / reception unit ex351, and then transmits the text data to the base station ex110 via the antenna ex350.
- almost the reverse process is performed on the received data and output to the display unit ex358.
- the video signal processing unit ex355 compresses the video signal supplied from the camera unit ex365 by the moving image encoding method described in the above embodiments. Encode (that is, function as an image encoding device according to an aspect of the present invention), and send the encoded video data to the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex353.
- the audio signal processing unit ex354 encodes the audio signal picked up by the audio input unit ex356 while the camera unit ex365 images a video, a still image, etc., and sends the encoded audio data to the multiplexing / separating unit ex353. To do.
- the multiplexing / demultiplexing unit ex353 multiplexes the encoded video data supplied from the video signal processing unit ex355 and the encoded audio data supplied from the audio signal processing unit ex354 by a predetermined method, and is obtained as a result.
- the multiplexed data is subjected to spread spectrum processing by the modulation / demodulation unit (modulation / demodulation circuit unit) ex352, digital-analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing by the transmission / reception unit ex351, and then transmitted via the antenna ex350.
- the multiplexing / separating unit ex353 separates the multiplexed data into a video data bit stream and an audio data bit stream, and performs video signal processing on the video data encoded via the synchronization bus ex370.
- the encoded audio data is supplied to the audio signal processing unit ex354 while being supplied to the unit ex355.
- the video signal processing unit ex355 decodes the video signal by decoding using the video decoding method corresponding to the video encoding method described in each of the above embodiments (that is, an image according to an aspect of the present invention).
- video and still images included in the moving image file linked to the home page are displayed from the display unit ex358 via the LCD control unit ex359.
- the audio signal processing unit ex354 decodes the audio signal, and the audio is output from the audio output unit ex357.
- the terminal such as the mobile phone ex114 is referred to as a transmission terminal having only an encoder and a receiving terminal having only a decoder.
- a transmission terminal having only an encoder
- a receiving terminal having only a decoder.
- multiplexed data in which music data or the like is multiplexed with video data is received and transmitted, but data in which character data or the like related to video is multiplexed in addition to audio data It may be video data itself instead of multiplexed data.
- the moving picture encoding method or the moving picture decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments can be used in any of the above-described devices / systems. The described effect can be obtained.
- multiplexed data obtained by multiplexing audio data or the like with video data is configured to include identification information indicating which standard the video data conforms to.
- identification information indicating which standard the video data conforms to.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a structure of multiplexed data.
- the multiplexed data is obtained by multiplexing one or more of a video stream, an audio stream, a presentation graphics stream (PG), and an interactive graphics stream.
- the video stream indicates the main video and sub-video of the movie
- the audio stream (IG) indicates the main audio portion of the movie and the sub-audio mixed with the main audio
- the presentation graphics stream indicates the subtitles of the movie.
- the main video indicates a normal video displayed on the screen
- the sub-video is a video displayed on a small screen in the main video.
- the interactive graphics stream indicates an interactive screen created by arranging GUI components on the screen.
- the video stream is encoded by the moving image encoding method or apparatus shown in the above embodiments, or the moving image encoding method or apparatus conforming to the conventional standards such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1. ing.
- the audio stream is encoded by a method such as Dolby AC-3, Dolby Digital Plus, MLP, DTS, DTS-HD, or linear PCM.
- Each stream included in the multiplexed data is identified by PID. For example, 0x1011 for video streams used for movie images, 0x1100 to 0x111F for audio streams, 0x1200 to 0x121F for presentation graphics, 0x1400 to 0x141F for interactive graphics streams, 0x1B00 to 0x1B1F are assigned to the video stream used for the sub-picture, and 0x1A00 to 0x1A1F are assigned to the audio stream used for the sub-audio mixed with the main audio.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically showing how multiplexed data is multiplexed.
- a video stream ex235 composed of a plurality of video frames and an audio stream ex238 composed of a plurality of audio frames are converted into PES packet sequences ex236 and ex239, respectively, and converted into TS packets ex237 and ex240.
- the data of the presentation graphics stream ex241 and interactive graphics ex244 are converted into PES packet sequences ex242 and ex245, respectively, and further converted into TS packets ex243 and ex246.
- the multiplexed data ex247 is configured by multiplexing these TS packets into one stream.
- FIG. 24 shows in more detail how the video stream is stored in the PES packet sequence.
- the first row in FIG. 24 shows a video frame sequence of the video stream.
- the second level shows a PES packet sequence.
- a plurality of Video Presentation Units in the video stream are divided into pictures, B pictures, and P pictures, and are stored in the payload of the PES packet.
- Each PES packet has a PES header, and a PTS (Presentation Time-Stamp) that is a display time of a picture and a DTS (Decoding Time-Stamp) that is a decoding time of a picture are stored in the PES header.
- PTS Presentation Time-Stamp
- DTS Decoding Time-Stamp
- FIG. 25 shows the format of the TS packet that is finally written in the multiplexed data.
- the TS packet is a 188-byte fixed-length packet composed of a 4-byte TS header having information such as a PID for identifying a stream and a 184-byte TS payload for storing data.
- the PES packet is divided and stored in the TS payload.
- a 4-byte TP_Extra_Header is added to a TS packet, forms a 192-byte source packet, and is written in multiplexed data.
- TP_Extra_Header information such as ATS (Arrival_Time_Stamp) is described.
- ATS indicates the transfer start time of the TS packet to the PID filter of the decoder.
- source packets are arranged in the multiplexed data, and the number incremented from the head of the multiplexed data is called SPN (source packet number).
- TS packets included in the multiplexed data include PAT (Program Association Table), PMT (Program Map Table), PCR (Program Clock Reference), and the like in addition to each stream such as video / audio / caption.
- PAT indicates what the PID of the PMT used in the multiplexed data is, and the PID of the PAT itself is registered as 0.
- the PMT has the PID of each stream such as video / audio / subtitles included in the multiplexed data and the attribute information of the stream corresponding to each PID, and has various descriptors related to the multiplexed data.
- the descriptor includes copy control information for instructing permission / non-permission of copying of multiplexed data.
- the PCR corresponds to the ATS in which the PCR packet is transferred to the decoder. Contains STC time information.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining the data structure of the PMT in detail.
- a PMT header describing the length of data included in the PMT is arranged at the head of the PMT.
- a plurality of descriptors related to multiplexed data are arranged.
- the copy control information and the like are described as descriptors.
- a plurality of pieces of stream information regarding each stream included in the multiplexed data are arranged.
- the stream information includes a stream descriptor in which a stream type, a stream PID, and stream attribute information (frame rate, aspect ratio, etc.) are described to identify a compression codec of the stream.
- the multiplexed data is recorded together with the multiplexed data information file.
- the multiplexed data information file is management information of multiplexed data, has a one-to-one correspondence with the multiplexed data, and includes multiplexed data information, stream attribute information, and an entry map.
- the multiplexed data information is composed of a system rate, a reproduction start time, and a reproduction end time.
- the system rate indicates a maximum transfer rate of multiplexed data to a PID filter of a system target decoder described later.
- the ATS interval included in the multiplexed data is set to be equal to or less than the system rate.
- the playback start time is the PTS of the first video frame of the multiplexed data
- the playback end time is set by adding the playback interval for one frame to the PTS of the video frame at the end of the multiplexed data.
- attribute information about each stream included in the multiplexed data is registered for each PID.
- the attribute information has different information for each video stream, audio stream, presentation graphics stream, and interactive graphics stream.
- the video stream attribute information includes the compression codec used to compress the video stream, the resolution of the individual picture data constituting the video stream, the aspect ratio, and the frame rate. It has information such as how much it is.
- the audio stream attribute information includes the compression codec used to compress the audio stream, the number of channels included in the audio stream, the language supported, and the sampling frequency. With information. These pieces of information are used for initialization of the decoder before the player reproduces it.
- the stream type included in the PMT is used.
- video stream attribute information included in the multiplexed data information is used.
- the video encoding shown in each of the above embodiments for the stream type or video stream attribute information included in the PMT.
- FIG. 29 shows steps of the moving picture decoding method according to the present embodiment.
- step exS100 the stream type included in the PMT or the video stream attribute information included in the multiplexed data information is acquired from the multiplexed data.
- step exS101 it is determined whether or not the stream type or the video stream attribute information indicates multiplexed data generated by the moving picture encoding method or apparatus described in the above embodiments. To do.
- step exS102 the above embodiments are performed. Decoding is performed by the moving picture decoding method shown in the form.
- the conventional information Decoding is performed by a moving image decoding method compliant with the standard.
- FIG. 30 shows the configuration of an LSI ex500 that is made into one chip.
- the LSI ex500 includes elements ex501, ex502, ex503, ex504, ex505, ex506, ex507, ex508, and ex509 described below, and each element is connected via a bus ex510.
- the power supply circuit unit ex505 is activated to an operable state by supplying power to each unit when the power supply is on.
- the LSI ex500 uses the AV I / O ex509 to perform the microphone ex117 and the camera ex113 based on the control of the control unit ex501 including the CPU ex502, the memory controller ex503, the stream controller ex504, the driving frequency control unit ex512, and the like.
- the AV signal is input from the above.
- the input AV signal is temporarily stored in an external memory ex511 such as SDRAM.
- the accumulated data is divided into a plurality of times as appropriate according to the processing amount and the processing speed and sent to the signal processing unit ex507, and the signal processing unit ex507 encodes an audio signal and / or video. Signal encoding is performed.
- the encoding process of the video signal is the encoding process described in the above embodiments.
- the signal processing unit ex507 further performs processing such as multiplexing the encoded audio data and the encoded video data according to circumstances, and outputs the result from the stream I / Oex 506 to the outside.
- the output multiplexed data is transmitted to the base station ex107 or written to the recording medium ex215. It should be noted that data should be temporarily stored in the buffer ex508 so as to be synchronized when multiplexing.
- the memory ex511 is described as an external configuration of the LSI ex500.
- a configuration included in the LSI ex500 may be used.
- the number of buffers ex508 is not limited to one, and a plurality of buffers may be provided.
- the LSI ex500 may be made into one chip or a plurality of chips.
- control unit ex501 includes the CPU ex502, the memory controller ex503, the stream controller ex504, the drive frequency control unit ex512, and the like, but the configuration of the control unit ex501 is not limited to this configuration.
- the signal processing unit ex507 may further include a CPU.
- the CPU ex502 may be configured to include a signal processing unit ex507 or, for example, an audio signal processing unit that is a part of the signal processing unit ex507.
- the control unit ex501 is configured to include a signal processing unit ex507 or a CPU ex502 having a part thereof.
- LSI LSI
- IC system LSI
- super LSI ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration
- the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, and implementation with a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor is also possible.
- An FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- Such a programmable logic device typically loads or reads a program constituting software or firmware from a memory or the like, thereby moving the moving picture coding method or moving picture shown in each of the above embodiments.
- An image decoding method can be performed.
- FIG. 31 shows a configuration ex800 in the present embodiment.
- the drive frequency switching unit ex803 sets the drive frequency high when the video data is generated by the moving image encoding method or apparatus described in the above embodiments.
- the decoding processing unit ex801 that executes the moving picture decoding method described in each of the above embodiments is instructed to decode the video data.
- the video data is video data compliant with the conventional standard, compared to the case where the video data is generated by the moving picture encoding method or apparatus shown in the above embodiments, Set the drive frequency low. Then, it instructs the decoding processing unit ex802 compliant with the conventional standard to decode the video data.
- the drive frequency switching unit ex803 includes the CPU ex502 and the drive frequency control unit ex512 in FIG.
- the decoding processing unit ex801 that executes the moving picture decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments and the decoding processing unit ex802 that complies with the conventional standard correspond to the signal processing unit ex507 in FIG.
- the CPU ex502 identifies which standard the video data conforms to.
- the drive frequency control unit ex512 sets the drive frequency.
- the signal processing unit ex507 decodes the video data.
- the identification of the video data for example, it is conceivable to use the identification information described in the third embodiment.
- the identification information is not limited to that described in Embodiment 3, and any information that can identify which standard the video data conforms to may be used. For example, it is possible to identify which standard the video data conforms to based on an external signal that identifies whether the video data is used for a television or a disk. In some cases, identification may be performed based on such an external signal. In addition, the selection of the driving frequency in the CPU ex502 may be performed based on, for example, a lookup table in which video data standards and driving frequencies are associated with each other as shown in FIG. The look-up table is stored in the buffer ex508 or the internal memory of the LSI, and the CPU ex502 can select the drive frequency by referring to the look-up table.
- FIG. 32 shows steps for executing the method of the present embodiment.
- the signal processing unit ex507 acquires identification information from the multiplexed data.
- the CPU ex502 identifies whether the video data is generated by the encoding method or apparatus described in each of the above embodiments based on the identification information.
- the CPU ex502 sends a signal for setting the drive frequency high to the drive frequency control unit ex512. Then, the drive frequency control unit ex512 sets a high drive frequency.
- step exS203 the CPU ex502 drives the signal for setting the drive frequency low. This is sent to the frequency control unit ex512. Then, in the drive frequency control unit ex512, the drive frequency is set to be lower than that in the case where the video data is generated by the encoding method or apparatus described in the above embodiments.
- the power saving effect can be further enhanced by changing the voltage applied to the LSI ex500 or the device including the LSI ex500 in conjunction with the switching of the driving frequency. For example, when the drive frequency is set low, it is conceivable that the voltage applied to the LSI ex500 or the device including the LSI ex500 is set low as compared with the case where the drive frequency is set high.
- the setting method of the driving frequency may be set to a high driving frequency when the processing amount at the time of decoding is large, and to a low driving frequency when the processing amount at the time of decoding is small. It is not limited to the method.
- the amount of processing for decoding video data compliant with the MPEG4-AVC standard is larger than the amount of processing for decoding video data generated by the moving picture encoding method or apparatus described in the above embodiments. It is conceivable that the setting of the driving frequency is reversed to that in the case described above.
- the method for setting the drive frequency is not limited to the configuration in which the drive frequency is lowered.
- the voltage applied to the LSIex500 or the apparatus including the LSIex500 is set high.
- the driving of the CPU ex502 is stopped.
- the CPU ex502 is temporarily stopped because there is room in processing. Is also possible. Even when the identification information indicates that the video data is generated by the moving image encoding method or apparatus described in each of the above embodiments, if there is a margin for processing, the CPU ex502 is temporarily driven. It can also be stopped. In this case, it is conceivable to set the stop time shorter than in the case where the video data conforms to the conventional standards such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, and VC-1.
- a plurality of video data that conforms to different standards may be input to the above-described devices and systems such as a television and a mobile phone.
- the signal processing unit ex507 of the LSI ex500 needs to support a plurality of standards in order to be able to decode even when a plurality of video data complying with different standards is input.
- the signal processing unit ex507 corresponding to each standard is used individually, there is a problem that the circuit scale of the LSI ex500 increases and the cost increases.
- a decoding processing unit for executing the moving picture decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments and a decoding conforming to a standard such as MPEG-2, MPEG4-AVC, or VC-1
- the processing unit is partly shared.
- An example of this configuration is shown as ex900 in FIG. 34A.
- the moving picture decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments and the moving picture decoding method compliant with the MPEG4-AVC standard are processed in processes such as entropy coding, inverse quantization, deblocking filter, and motion compensation. Some contents are common.
- the decoding processing unit ex902 corresponding to the MPEG4-AVC standard is shared, and for other processing contents specific to one aspect of the present invention that do not correspond to the MPEG4-AVC standard, a dedicated decoding processing unit A configuration using ex901 is conceivable.
- a dedicated decoding processing unit ex901 is used for entropy decoding, and other dequantization, deblocking filter, and motion compensation are used. For any or all of these processes, it is conceivable to share the decoding processing unit.
- the decoding processing unit for executing the moving picture decoding method described in each of the above embodiments is shared, and the processing content specific to the MPEG4-AVC standard As for, a configuration using a dedicated decoding processing unit may be used.
- ex1000 in FIG. 34B shows another example in which processing is partially shared.
- a dedicated decoding processing unit ex1001 corresponding to the processing content specific to one aspect of the present invention
- a dedicated decoding processing unit ex1002 corresponding to the processing content specific to another conventional standard
- a common decoding processing unit ex1003 corresponding to the processing contents common to the moving image decoding method according to the above and other conventional moving image decoding methods.
- the dedicated decoding processing units ex1001 and ex1002 are not necessarily specialized in one aspect of the present invention or processing content specific to other conventional standards, and can execute other general-purpose processing. Also good.
- the configuration of the present embodiment can be implemented by LSI ex500.
- the processing content common to the moving picture decoding method according to one aspect of the present invention and the moving picture decoding method of the conventional standard reduces the circuit scale of the LSI by sharing the decoding processing unit, In addition, the cost can be reduced.
- the present invention can be applied to an image encoding method, an image decoding method, an image encoding device, and an image decoding device.
- the present invention can be used for various purposes such as data storage, transmission, and communication.
- the present invention can be used for information display devices and imaging devices such as televisions, digital video recorders, car navigation systems, cellular phones, digital still cameras, and digital video cameras.
- Tile information 101 Tile information 102 Tile structure fixed flag 103 Substream flag 104 Division information 105, 111 Number of columns 106, 112 Number of rows 110 Tile structure information 113 Equally spaced flag 114 Column width 115 Row height 116 Loop filter permission flag 120 Parallel processing Start point information 121 Parallel processing start point flag 122 Substream identifier 200 Image encoding device 205 Subtractor 210 Transformer / quantizer 220 Entropy encoder 230, 420 Inverse quantizer / inverse transform unit 235, 425 Adder 240, 430 Deblocking filter 250, 440 Memory 260, 450 Intra prediction unit 270 Motion detection unit 280, 460 Motion compensation unit 290, 470 Intra / inter switch 400 Image decoding device 410 Entropy decoding unit
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Abstract
Description
本発明者は、従来の技術に関し、以下の問題が生じることを見出した。
本実施の形態では、並列復号処理可能な画像復号装置における並列復号処理について説明する。本実施の形態では、ビットストリームは、画像復号装置が容易に並列処理を可能となる情報を含む。
上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法(画像符号化方法)または動画像復号化方法(画像復号方法)の構成を実現するためのプログラムを記憶メディアに記録することにより、上記各実施の形態で示した処理を独立したコンピュータシステムにおいて簡単に実施することが可能となる。記憶メディアは、磁気ディスク、光ディスク、光磁気ディスク、ICカード、半導体メモリ等、プログラムを記録できるものであればよい。
上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法または装置と、MPEG-2、MPEG4-AVC、VC-1など異なる規格に準拠した動画像符号化方法または装置とを、必要に応じて適宜切替えることにより、映像データを生成することも可能である。
上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法および装置、動画像復号化方法および装置は、典型的には集積回路であるLSIで実現される。一例として、図30に1チップ化されたLSIex500の構成を示す。LSIex500は、以下に説明する要素ex501、ex502、ex503、ex504、ex505、ex506、ex507、ex508、ex509を備え、各要素はバスex510を介して接続している。電源回路部ex505は電源がオン状態の場合に各部に対して電力を供給することで動作可能な状態に起動する。
上記各実施の形態で示した動画像符号化方法または装置によって生成された映像データを復号する場合、従来のMPEG-2、MPEG4-AVC、VC-1などの規格に準拠する映像データを復号する場合に比べ、処理量が増加することが考えられる。そのため、LSIex500において、従来の規格に準拠する映像データを復号する際のCPUex502の駆動周波数よりも高い駆動周波数に設定する必要がある。しかし、駆動周波数を高くすると、消費電力が高くなるという課題が生じる。
テレビや、携帯電話など、上述した機器・システムには、異なる規格に準拠する複数の映像データが入力される場合がある。このように、異なる規格に準拠する複数の映像データが入力された場合にも復号できるようにするために、LSIex500の信号処理部ex507が複数の規格に対応している必要がある。しかし、それぞれの規格に対応する信号処理部ex507を個別に用いると、LSIex500の回路規模が大きくなり、また、コストが増加するという課題が生じる。
102 タイル構造固定フラグ
103 サブストリームフラグ
104 分割情報
105、111 列数
106、112 行数
110 タイル構造情報
113 等間隔フラグ
114 列の幅
115 行の高さ
116 ループフィルタ許可フラグ
120 並列処理開始点情報
121 並列処理開始点フラグ
122 サブストリーム識別子
200 画像符号化装置
205 減算器
210 変換・量子化部
220 エントロピー符号化部
230、420 逆量子化・逆変換部
235、425 加算器
240、430 デブロッキングフィルタ
250、440 メモリ
260、450 イントラ予測部
270 動き検出部
280、460 動き補償部
290、470 イントラ/インター切換スイッチ
400 画像復号装置
410 エントロピー復号部
Claims (19)
- 複数のピクチャの各々を複数のタイルに分割する分割ステップと、
前記タイルの分割パターンが、複数のピクチャで同一であるか否かを示すタイル構造固定フラグを生成するタイル構造固定フラグ生成ステップと、
前記複数のタイルの各々を符号化することで複数の符号化信号を生成する符号化ステップと、
前記複数の符号化信号及び前記タイル構造固定フラグを含む符号化ビットストリームを生成するビットストリーム生成ステップとを含む
画像符号化方法。 - 前記画像符号化方法は、さらに、
前記タイルの分割パターンを示すタイル構造情報を生成するタイル構造情報生成ステップを含み、
前記ビットストリーム生成ステップでは、前記タイル構造情報を含む前記符号化ビットストリームを生成する
請求項1記載の画像符号化方法。 - 前記タイル構造情報は、ピクチャに含まれるタイルの行数及び列数を示す
請求項2記載の画像符号化方法。 - 前記タイル構造情報は、前記複数のタイルの分割境界が等間隔であるか否かを示す等間隔フラグを含む
請求項2又は3記載の画像符号化方法。 - 前記画像符号化方法は、さらに、
複数のタイルのうち、画像復号装置における並列復号処理の開始点となるタイルを示す並列処理開始点情報を生成する開始点情報生成ステップを含み、
前記ビットストリーム生成ステップでは、前記並列処理開始点情報を含む前記符号化ビットストリームを生成する
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の画像符号化方法。 - 前記画像符号化方法は、さらに、
複数のタイルの位置を示すタイル位置情報を生成するタイル位置情報生成ステップを含み、
前記ビットストリーム生成ステップでは、前記タイル位置情報を含む前記符号化ビットストリームを生成し、
前記並列処理開始点情報は、前記タイル位置情報と異なる
請求項5記載の画像符号化方法。 - 前記符号化ビットストリームにおいて、前記並列処理開始点情報は、前記タイル位置情報の後に配置される
請求項6記載の画像符号化方法。 - 前記並列処理開始点情報は、
処理対象のタイルが並列処理の開始点であるかどうかを示すフラグと、
当該タイルを先頭とする並列処理単位の識別番号とを含む
請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の画像符号化方法。 - 符号化ビットストリームに含まれる、タイルの分割パターンが、複数のピクチャで同一であるか否かを示すタイル構造固定フラグを取得するタイル構造固定フラグ取得ステップと、
前記タイル構造固定フラグを用いて、タイル構造を特定するタイル構造特定ステップと、
前記特定されたタイル構造に従い、前記符号化ビットストリームに含まれる、複数のタイルの各々に対応する複数の符号化信号を復号することで複数の復号信号を生成する復号ステップとを含む
画像復号方法。 - 前記画像復号方法は、さらに、
前記タイルの分割パターンを示すタイル構造情報を、前記符号化ビットストリームから取得するタイル構造情報取得ステップを含み、
前記タイル構造特定ステップでは、前記タイル構造情報を用いて前記タイル構造を特定する
請求項9記載の画像復号方法。 - 前記タイル構造情報は、ピクチャに含まれるタイルの行数及び列数を示す
請求項10記載の画像復号方法。 - 前記タイル構造情報は、前記複数のタイルの分割境界が等間隔であるか否かを示す等間隔フラグを含む
請求項10又は11記載の画像復号方法。 - 前記画像復号方法は、さらに、
複数のタイルのうち、並列処理の開始点となるタイルを示す並列処理開始点情報を、前記符号化ビットストリームから取得する開始点情報取得ステップを含み、
前記復号ステップでは、前記並列処理開始点情報を用いて、並列復号処理を行う
請求項9~12のいずれか1項に記載の画像復号方法。 - 前記画像復号方法は、さらに、
複数のタイルの位置を示すタイル位置情報を、前記符号化ビットストリームから取得するタイル位置情報取得ステップを含み、
前記復号ステップでは、前記タイル位置情報を用いて前記複数の符号化信号を復号し、
前記並列処理開始点情報は、前記タイル位置情報と異なる
請求項13記載の画像復号方法。 - 前記開始点情報取得ステップでは、前記符号化ビットストリームにおいて、前記タイル位置情報の後に配置されている前記並列処理開始点情報を取得する
請求項14記載の画像復号方法。 - 前記並列処理開始点情報は、
処理対象のタイルが並列処理の開始点であるかどうかを示すフラグと、
当該タイルを先頭とする並列処理単位の識別番号とを含む
請求項13~15のいずれか1項に記載の画像復号方法。 - 制御回路と、前記制御回路に電気的に接続される記憶装置とを備え、
前記制御回路は、
複数のピクチャの各々を複数のタイルに分割する分割ステップと、
前記タイルの分割パターンが、複数のピクチャで同一であるか否かを示すタイル構造固定フラグを生成するタイル構造固定フラグ生成ステップと、
前記複数のタイルの各々を符号化することで複数の符号化信号を生成する符号化ステップと、
前記複数の符号化信号及び前記タイル構造固定フラグを含む符号化ビットストリームを生成するビットストリーム生成ステップとを実行する
画像符号化装置。 - 制御回路と、前記制御回路に電気的に接続される記憶装置とを備え、
前記制御回路は、
符号化ビットストリームに含まれる、タイルの分割パターンが、複数のピクチャで同一であるか否かを示すタイル構造固定フラグを取得するタイル構造固定フラグ取得ステップと、
前記タイル構造固定フラグを用いて、タイル構造を特定するタイル構造特定ステップと、
前記特定されたタイル構造に従い、前記符号化ビットストリームに含まれる、複数のタイルの各々に対応する複数の符号化信号を復号することで複数の復号信号を生成する復号ステップとを実行する
画像復号装置。 - 請求項17記載の画像符号化装置と、
請求項18記載の画像復号装置とを備える
画像符号化復号装置。
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- 2013-04-22 EP EP13784565.7A patent/EP2846543A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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US20150110201A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
JPWO2013164903A1 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
EP2846543A1 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2846543A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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