WO2013160540A1 - Moteur à piston et procédé pour l'ajustement de taux de compression - Google Patents

Moteur à piston et procédé pour l'ajustement de taux de compression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013160540A1
WO2013160540A1 PCT/FI2013/050435 FI2013050435W WO2013160540A1 WO 2013160540 A1 WO2013160540 A1 WO 2013160540A1 FI 2013050435 W FI2013050435 W FI 2013050435W WO 2013160540 A1 WO2013160540 A1 WO 2013160540A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
sleeve
volume
cylinder
compression ratio
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2013/050435
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Antti Tuomainen
Esa Tirkkonen
Håkan NYNÄS
Original Assignee
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wärtsilä Finland Oy filed Critical Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Publication of WO2013160540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013160540A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
    • F02D15/04—Varying compression ratio by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston engine with a variable compression ratio, as defined in the preamble of claim 1 .
  • the invention also concerns a method for adjusting the compression ratio of a piston engine in accordance with the preamble of the other independent claim.
  • variable compression ratio With a variable compression ratio, the performance of a piston engine can be optimized in different operating conditions. Especially in engines where different fuels are used, the possibility to use different compression ratios provides significant benefits.
  • Different solutions are known for implementing the variable compression ratio. For instance, the cylinder head can be provided with an additional volume that can be selectively used. A problem with this solution is that the crevice volume is increased, which leads to increased emissions.
  • Another solution is to use a movable cylinder liner, which leads to complicated constructions.
  • adjustable pistons which increases the mass of the moving parts.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved piston engine with a variable compression ratio.
  • the engine comprises at least one cylinder, a reciprocating piston that is arranged inside the cylinder, a cylinder head that is arranged above the cylinder, and means for adjusting the volume of the combus- tion chamber.
  • the characterizing features of the engine according to the present invention are given in the characterizing part of claim 1 .
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method for adjusting the compression ratio of a piston engine.
  • the characterizing features of the method according to the present invention are given in the characterizing part of the other independ- ent claim.
  • the means for adjusting the volume of the combustion chamber comprise a movable sleeve that can be arranged to protrude into the combustion chamber from the cylinder head for reducing the vol- ume of the combustion chamber, and to retract from the combustion chamber for increasing the volume of the combustion chamber.
  • the volume of the combustion chamber is decreased by inserting a sleeve into the combustion chamber from the cylinder head and increased by retracting the sleeve from the combustion chamber.
  • the invention enables easy and reliable adjustment of the compression ratio.
  • the adjustment can be even stepless, which allows different compression ratios in different cylinders of the engine.
  • a malfunction for instance if the movable sleeve is stuck, no severe damages are caused to the engine, since there is no risk that any movable part could hit the piston, cylinder liner or gas exchange valves.
  • the system does not decrease the stiffness of the engine block as many other systems do, and the positions or pivot points of rotating parts are not changed.
  • the combustion chamber comprises a space that extends beyond the outer perimeter of the movable sleeve.
  • the cylinder is provided with an anti-polishing ring, which comprises a cutting for accommodating the mova- ble sleeve.
  • the sleeve is inserted into the combustion chamber by applying hydraulic pressure onto a first pressure sur- face of the sleeve, which pressure surface faces away from the combustion chamber, and retracted from the combustion chamber by applying hydraulic pressure onto a second pressure surface of the sleeve, which pressure surface faces the combustion chamber.
  • Figs. 1A and 1 B show an arrangement for adjusting the compression ratio of a piston engine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B show an arrangement for adjusting the compression ratio ac- cording to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 3A and 3B show an arrangement for adjusting the compression ratio according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 1A and 1 B show part of a piston engine, which comprises means for adjusting the compression ratio of the engine.
  • the engine is operat- ed in a high compression mode and in figure 1 B the engine is operated in a low compression mode.
  • the engine is a large internal combustion engine, such as a main or an auxiliary engine of a ship or an engine that is used at a power plant for producing electricity.
  • the invention is also applicable to smaller engines. The invention is particularly useful when there is a need to operate the engine on different fuels, but can naturally be used whenever there is a need for a variable compression ratio.
  • the engine comprises a plurality of cylinders 1 , of which only one is shown in the figures.
  • the cylinders 1 can be arranged, for instance, in line or in a V- configuration.
  • a reciprocating piston 2 is arranged inside the cylinder 1 .
  • Each cylinder 1 is provided with a cylinder liner 1 a.
  • the upper end of the cylinder 1 is closed by a cylinder head 3, which is arranged above the cylinder 1 .
  • the cylinder 1 does not need to be arranged vertically in the engine, but the expression "above” only indicates that the cylinder head 3 is at the top dead center end of the cylinder 1 .
  • the cylinder head 3 is provided with intake valves 7 and exhaust valves 8, which can work in a conventional manner and of which functioning is therefore not described in more detail here.
  • the engine could also be a two-stroke engine, in which case at least the intake valves 7 would be unnecessary.
  • An anti-polishing ring 6 is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder 1 , i.e. below the cylinder head 3.
  • the anti-polishing ring 6 can also be called, for instance, flame ring, fire ring or carbon scraper.
  • the cylinder liner 1 a is provided with a cutting 9 for accommodating the anti-polishing ring 6.
  • the inner diameter of the anti-polishing ring 6 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder liner 1 a.
  • the anti-polishing ring 6 removes carbon deposits from the piston top land, i.e. the area between the piston rings and the piston top. This helps to decrease wearing of the cylinder liner 1 a and consumption of lubricating oil. Also hydrocarbon emissions and smoke formation are reduced.
  • the engine is provided with means 4 for adjusting the volume of the combustion chamber 5.
  • the means 4 for adjusting the volume of the combustion chamber 5 are a movable sleeve 4 that can be arranged to protrude into the combustion chamber 5 from the cylinder head 3 for reducing the volume of the combustion chamber 5, and to retract from the combustion chamber 5 for increasing the volume of the combustion chamber 5.
  • the sleeve 4 moves in the direction of the longitudinal axis the cylinder 1 .
  • the anti-polishing ring 6 is provided with a cutting 6a for accommodating the sleeve 4.
  • the inner diameter of the sleeve 4 is the same as the inner diameter of the anti-polishing ring 6.
  • the engine comprises means 10, 1 1 , 12 for moving the sleeve 4.
  • the means for moving the sleeve 4 can be, for instance, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, electrical, or any combination of them.
  • the means for moving the sleeve 4 are hydraulic and comprise a hydraulic chamber 10 and a first hydraulic duct 1 1 and a second hydraulic duct 12 (not shown in figs. 1A and 1 B).
  • the upper end of the sleeve 4, i.e. the end that is farther from the combustion chamber 5, has been made thicker than the lower end of the sleeve 4.
  • the thicker section 4d of the sleeve 4 is arranged in the hydraulic chamber 10 that is inside the cylinder head 3.
  • the thicker section 4d of the sleeve 4 is provided with a first pressure surface 4a, which faces away from the combustion chamber 5.
  • the lower end of the thicker section 4d of the sleeve 4 is provided with a second pressure surface 4b, which faces the combustion chamber 5.
  • the protrusion 4c is beveled for matching the mating surface in the cylinder head 3.
  • the outer corner of the lower end of the sleeve 4 is beveled.
  • the cutting 6a of the anti-polishing ring 6 has a similar bevel 6b that forms a mating surface for the bevel 4e of the sleeve 4.
  • the bevels 4c, 4e ensure good sealing between the sleeve 4 and the anti-polishing ring 6 and between the sleeve 4 and the cylinder head 3.
  • the combustion chamber 5 comprises a space 5a that extends beyond the outer perimeter of the sleeve 4.
  • the space 5a is an annular cavity that is delimited by the anti-polishing ring 6.
  • the space 5a is arranged at such a height that when the sleeve 4 is inserted into the combustion chamber 5 and is in its lowermost position, the connection between the space 5a and the rest of the combustion chamber 5 is blocked by the sleeve 4.
  • the volume of the combustion chamber 5 is thus decreased by the volume taken by the portion of the sleeve 4 that is inside the combustion chamber 5 and by the volume of the space 5a beyond the outer perimeter of the sleeve 5.
  • a larger change of the compression ratio can be achieved.
  • FIGS 3A and 3B can also be seen a first and a second hydraulic duct 1 1 1 , 12 for introducing hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic chamber 10.
  • first hydraulic duct 1 1 hydraulic fluid can be introduced above the sleeve 4 for moving the sleeve 4 towards the combustion chamber 5.
  • second hydraulic duct 12 By introducing hydraulic fluid through the second hydraulic duct 12 below the thicker section 4d of the sleeve 4, the sleeve 4 can be retracted from the combustion chamber 5.
  • the engine is provided with similar hy- draulic ducts 1 1 , 12.
  • the invention has many benefits. With the movable sleeve 4, the compression ratio can be easily adjusted.
  • the arrangement can also be provided with control means, which allow stepless adjustment of the position of the sleeve 4 and therefore different compression ratios in different cylinders 1 of the engine.
  • control means which allow stepless adjustment of the position of the sleeve 4 and therefore different compression ratios in different cylinders 1 of the engine.
  • a malfunction for instance if the movable sleeve 4 is stuck, no severe damages are caused to the engine, since there is no risk that any movable part could hit the piston 2, cylinder liner 1 a or gas exchange valves 7, 8.
  • the system does not decrease the stiffness of the engine block as many other systems do, and the positions or pivot points of rotating parts are not changed.
  • an additional cleaning stroke of the sleeve 4 can be used.
  • the cleaning stroke should take place during an intake or exhaust stroke to avoid any effect on the compression ratio.
  • hydraulic, electrical or mechanical actuators can be used for carrying out the cleaning stroke.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the appended claims.
  • the movable sleeve could also be used in engines where the cylinders are not provided with an anti-polishing ring.
  • the cylinder liner would be provided with a cutting for accommodating the movable sleeve and the inner diameter of the movable sleeve would be the same as the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve.
  • each cylinder could be provided with two or more sleeves with different diameters. That kind of arrangement would provide the possibility to choose between more than two different compression ratios.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur à piston avec un taux de compression variable comportant un manchon mobile (4) qui peut être agencé pour être en saillie dans la chambre de combustion (5) depuis la culasse (3) pour réduire le volume de la chambre de combustion (5), et pour un retrait de la chambre de combustion (5) pour accroître le volume de la chambre de combustion (5). L'invention concerne également un procédé pour l'ajustement du taux de compression d'un moteur à piston.
PCT/FI2013/050435 2012-04-24 2013-04-19 Moteur à piston et procédé pour l'ajustement de taux de compression WO2013160540A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20125443 2012-04-24
FI20125443A FI20125443L (fi) 2012-04-24 2012-04-24 Mäntämoottori ja menetelmä puristussuhteen säätämiseksi

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013160540A1 true WO2013160540A1 (fr) 2013-10-31

Family

ID=48464025

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2013/050435 WO2013160540A1 (fr) 2012-04-24 2013-04-19 Moteur à piston et procédé pour l'ajustement de taux de compression

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FI (1) FI20125443L (fr)
WO (1) WO2013160540A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017077937A1 (fr) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-11 本田技研工業株式会社 Mécanisme à taux de compression variable pour moteur à combustion interne
CN114198211A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-03-18 东风商用车有限公司 一种发动机可变压缩比装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5476072A (en) * 1994-11-14 1995-12-19 Guy; Evan Fuel tolerant combustion engine with reduced knock sensitivity
JPH09264231A (ja) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-07 Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関用燃料噴射ノズルの噴孔位置制御装置
US20090272357A1 (en) * 2008-05-04 2009-11-05 Yasuhito Yaoita Engine with a slidable valve
EP2336521A1 (fr) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-22 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Agencement de cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne
DE102010036555A1 (de) * 2010-07-22 2012-01-26 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Brennkraftmaschine mit variablem Verdichtungsverhältnis

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5476072A (en) * 1994-11-14 1995-12-19 Guy; Evan Fuel tolerant combustion engine with reduced knock sensitivity
JPH09264231A (ja) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-07 Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関用燃料噴射ノズルの噴孔位置制御装置
US20090272357A1 (en) * 2008-05-04 2009-11-05 Yasuhito Yaoita Engine with a slidable valve
EP2336521A1 (fr) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-22 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Agencement de cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne
DE102010036555A1 (de) * 2010-07-22 2012-01-26 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Brennkraftmaschine mit variablem Verdichtungsverhältnis

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017077937A1 (fr) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-11 本田技研工業株式会社 Mécanisme à taux de compression variable pour moteur à combustion interne
JPWO2017077937A1 (ja) * 2015-11-04 2018-06-14 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関の可変圧縮比機構
CN114198211A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-03-18 东风商用车有限公司 一种发动机可变压缩比装置
CN114198211B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2023-06-23 东风商用车有限公司 一种发动机可变压缩比装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20125443L (fi) 2013-10-25

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