WO2013159682A1 - 一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013159682A1
WO2013159682A1 PCT/CN2013/074493 CN2013074493W WO2013159682A1 WO 2013159682 A1 WO2013159682 A1 WO 2013159682A1 CN 2013074493 W CN2013074493 W CN 2013074493W WO 2013159682 A1 WO2013159682 A1 WO 2013159682A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
prefabricated
reinforced concrete
concrete member
hole
groove
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PCT/CN2013/074493
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
初明进
Original Assignee
Chu Mingjin
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Publication date
Application filed by Chu Mingjin filed Critical Chu Mingjin
Priority to RU2014147853A priority Critical patent/RU2608827C2/ru
Publication of WO2013159682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013159682A1/zh
Priority to US14/525,193 priority patent/US20150040505A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/14—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/12—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for removing parts of the articles by cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0064—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces
    • B28B7/0082—Moulds characterised by special surfaces for producing a desired surface of a moulded article, e.g. profiled or polished moulding surfaces with surfaces for moulding parallel grooves or ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
    • B28B7/18—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article
    • B28B7/186—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article for plates, panels or similar sheet- or disc-shaped objects, also flat oblong moulded articles with lateral openings, e.g. panels with openings for doors or windows, grated girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8647—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties going through the forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/322—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with parallel corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/22—Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings, i.e. units each comprising an important section of at least two limiting planes of a room or space, e.g. cells; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of prefabricated reinforced concrete structural members, in particular to a suitable integrated assembly Prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow member with transverse grooves on the longitudinal edges of the structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • prefabricated concrete structures should be vigorously developed.
  • the main structural components of the precast concrete structure are produced in the factory, with high production efficiency, good quality, saving resources and energy, and contributing to sustainable development.
  • the use of precast concrete structure is the direction of the development of industrialization of buildings, and also the direction of the development of residential industrialization.
  • precast concrete structures There are horizontal joints and vertical joints between the prefabricated concrete structures in the precast concrete structure, and the mechanical properties of the joints determine the overall performance of the joints.
  • the existing joint construction measures for precast concrete structures generally seek to achieve the same effect as cast-in-place concrete, but because the new and old concrete joints at the joints are weak links, affecting the mechanical properties, and easy to crack, affecting normal use.
  • holes are generally arranged in the prefabricated members to form a prefabricated hollow panel.
  • the connection between prefabricated hollow members in the prior art is still a weak link.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the industrialization level of the building structure, to solve the shortage of the indirect seam connection of the conventional prefabricated component, and to provide a precast reinforced concrete member with a groove and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the grooved prefabricated reinforced concrete member provided by the invention can realize the structural production of structural components, reduce the cost, save resources and energy, ensure the integrity of the prefabricated components in the structure, and improve the performance of the building structure.
  • the invention provides a prefabricated reinforced concrete member with a groove, the member is a reinforced concrete precast plate, and the prefabricated plate has a longitudinal hole parallel to the surface, wherein the longitudinal edge of the prefabricated plate is spaced apart from the lateral groove, and The longitudinal holes near the edge of the prefabricated plate intersect.
  • the load-bearing system of the wall load-bearing structure (such as shear wall structure) generally consists of a plane wall, floor, L-shaped, T Type, cross-shaped node and hole, etc., the corresponding overall structure can be decomposed into flat plate, T-shaped wall column, L Units such as wall columns, cross-shaped wall columns and members with opening parts are assembled in the factory and can be assembled into a fabricated structure.
  • the precast reinforced concrete members proposed by the invention comprise precast concrete slabs (for walls and floors), precast concrete L Type, T-shaped, cross-shaped wall columns, precast concrete with wall panels, etc., with wall panels including both side edge members and upper coupling beams. In the structure, some wall ends have side pillars, and the part connected to the wall adopts the prefabricated reinforced concrete wallboard with lateral grooves proposed by the invention.
  • the prefabricated reinforced concrete member proposed by the invention has a longitudinal hole parallel to the surface to reduce the weight of the prefabricated unit, and the hole is a round hole, a rounded rectangular hole and the like.
  • the longitudinal edges (or at least one longitudinal edge) of the precast reinforced concrete members proposed by the present invention are provided with transverse grooves that intersect longitudinal holes adjacent the edges of the members.
  • the edge of the member is toothed, and the groove is arranged at intervals from the protrusion.
  • the groove retains concrete on one side of the prefabricated panel such that one side of one of the longitudinal edges of the prefabricated panel is toothed and the other side is straight.
  • the lateral edges of the grooves of the precast reinforced concrete members proposed by the present invention are oblique to the longitudinal edges of the prefabricated panels or perpendicular to the longitudinal edges.
  • the transverse groove of the precast reinforced concrete member proposed by the invention is arranged in parallel on two longitudinal edges, that is, the grooves on both sides are on the same horizontal line; or they may be staggered, that is, a groove is arranged at a certain portion of one longitudinal edge, and The corresponding position on one side is a protrusion.
  • the prefabricated reinforced concrete member proposed by the invention is arranged with a steel mesh, and the steel mesh comprises longitudinal steel bars, transverse stirrups and lacing bars.
  • a hole can be made in the lateral direction of the grooved precast reinforced concrete member, and the end of the hole communicates with the longitudinal hole.
  • curved, angled, and the like shaped wall members may be present, and the grooved prefabricated reinforced concrete members of the present invention may also be employed.
  • the grooved precast reinforced concrete member proposed by the invention can be used for shear wall structure and frame -
  • the shear wall structure and the cylinder structure can also be used for the reinforced concrete wall load-bearing structural members such as the underground outdoor wall and the side wall of the storage tank.
  • the invention provides a method for manufacturing a precast reinforced concrete member with a groove, which comprises the following steps:
  • a bottom mold, a top mold, a side mold, and a steel tube for making a reserved hole are used as a template; wherein the side mold is concave at a certain distance, the shape of the top portion of the concave portion is The shape of the steel pipe is matched; the top mold is provided with a hole having the same outer shape as the steel pipe;
  • a method for manufacturing a prefabricated reinforced concrete member with a groove characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • a groove is formed by a dicing saw at a longitudinal edge of the prefabricated hollow slab, and the groove intersects at least one longitudinal hole to form a grooved prefabricated reinforced concrete member.
  • Shear wall structure and other wall load-bearing structures consist of flat wall, L-shaped, T And a cross-shaped node and a hole, a floor, etc.; correspondingly, the method for manufacturing a prefabricated reinforced concrete member with a groove according to the present invention produces a concrete planar wall member and a flat floor member according to a uniform specification and structure in a factory. , with wall material for the opening, and L Type, T type, cross type wall column members, etc.
  • the prefabricated member proposed by the invention has a hole in the hole, is light in weight, and convenient in transportation and installation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a prefabricated plate member of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a template of a prefabricated plate member of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a prefabricated component of the present invention with lateral grooves retaining concrete on one side of the prefabricated panel.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the prefabricated member of the present invention with the grooves on both sides of the member staggered.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of a prefabricated T-shaped wall column member of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of a template of a prefabricated T-shaped wall column member of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of a prefabricated L-shaped wall column member of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a prefabricated cruciform wall column member of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of a prefabricated walled member of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of a prefabricated member with a side column of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of a precast beam member of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic illustration of a prefabricated wall member at a beam support of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a grooved precast reinforced concrete flat member, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a flat plate 11
  • the longitudinal edges are arranged with lateral grooves 12 arranged in a staggered manner with the projections 13; the plate 11 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal holes 14, the holes near the longitudinal edges intersecting the transverse grooves 12; the plate 11
  • a mounting eye 15 is provided on the top.
  • the manufacturing method of Embodiment 1 includes the following steps:
  • the grooved prefabricated reinforced concrete slab member can also be produced by using the existing prefabricated hollow slab production process, that is, the prefabricated plate with longitudinal holes is produced according to the existing prefabricated hollow slab production method, and is cut out at the longitudinal edge by a dicing saw.
  • a precast flat member retaining concrete on one side of the groove can be produced, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5;
  • the lateral grooves 42 and the projections 43, 42 and 43 are arranged in a staggered manner, wherein one side of the lateral groove 42 retains the concrete slab 44; the plate 41
  • a prefabricated flat member in which the grooves on both sides of the member are alternately arranged can be produced, as shown in Figs.
  • the tablet 61 The lateral edges of each side are alternately arranged with the lateral grooves 62 and the protrusions 63; the lateral grooves of the longitudinal edges of the two sides of the plate 61 are staggered, that is, one longitudinal edge is arranged with a groove, and the other longitudinal edge is disposed at a corresponding position; the plate 61 There are a plurality of longitudinal holes 64, and the holes near the longitudinal edges intersect the lateral grooves 62; the mounting rings 65 are provided on the plate 61.
  • Embodiment 2 is a grooved precast reinforced concrete T-shaped wall column member, as shown in Fig. 8, the T-shaped wall column member 81
  • the longitudinal edges are arranged with lateral grooves 82 (at least one longitudinal edge is arranged with lateral grooves), staggered with the protrusions 83 of the longitudinal edges; T-shaped wall column members 81
  • a plurality of longitudinal holes 84 are opened, and the holes near the longitudinal edges intersect the lateral grooves 82; the T-shaped wall column members 81 are provided with mounting rings 85.
  • T The three limbs of the wall column are made of limb lengths adapted to the requirements of the building structure.
  • the length of the T-shaped wall column members generally takes the height of the building, and the thickness is generally thicker than the wall.
  • the manufacturing method of Embodiment 2 includes the following steps:
  • layout plate template 91, two L-shaped templates 92, and two top molds 93 are arranged on the production site according to the size requirements of the prefabricated components.
  • the side mold 94 is concave inwardly at a certain distance, the concave portion end portion 941 and the inner steel tube 95 Fit together
  • a prefabricated wall column member having an L-shaped cross shape and a cross shape can be produced, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11 .
  • L-shaped prefabricated wall column member implementation such as FIG. 10, L-shaped prefabricated member 101
  • the longitudinal edges are arranged with lateral grooves 102 (at least one longitudinal edge is arranged with lateral grooves) and the protrusions 103, 102 and 103 are staggered; the wall column member 101
  • L The limbs of the wall column are made of limbs that meet the requirements of the building structure.
  • the length of the L-shaped wall column member is generally determined by the height of the building and the thickness of the wall.
  • the grooved prefabricated reinforced concrete cross-shaped wall column member is shown in Fig. 11, and the wall column member 111
  • the longitudinal edges are arranged with lateral grooves 112 (at least one longitudinal edge is arranged with lateral grooves) and projections 113, 112 and 113 are staggered; wall column member 111
  • a mounting eye 115 is provided on the upper side.
  • the four limbs of the cross-shaped wall column adopt the length of the limb that meets the requirements of the building structure.
  • the length of the cross-shaped wall column member is generally determined by the height of the building and the thickness of the wall.
  • the grooved prefabricated reinforced concrete belt opening wall member 121 the component embodiment is shown in Fig. 12, the precast concrete plate 121 with the opening
  • the longitudinal edges are arranged with lateral grooves 122 and projections 123, 122 and 123 arranged in a staggered manner;
  • the wall member 121 is provided with a plurality of through-holes 124, the holes adjacent to the longitudinal edges and the transverse grooves 122. Intersection; the upper part of the opening of the hole has a number of vertical holes 125, and the bottom of the hole is generally not less than 20mm from the outer surface.
  • the lower wall of the opening (when the door has a door opening, there is no such wall) has a plurality of vertical holes 126.
  • a mounting eye 127 is provided on the wall member 121.
  • the grooved prefabricated reinforced concrete belt side column wall member 131 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 13 and includes a prefabricated wall panel 132. And the side posts 133, at the longitudinal edges of 132 are arranged lateral grooves 134 and protrusions 135, 134 and 135 staggered; wall plate 132 A plurality of through-holes 136 are formed through the holes, and the holes near the longitudinal edges intersect the lateral grooves 134. A mounting eye 137 is disposed on the side wall member 131.
  • the prefabricated reinforced concrete beam member 141 of the present invention is shown in Fig. 14, and the beam 141 is disposed at the beam end with a lateral groove 142. And the protrusions 143, 142 and 143 are staggered; the beam 141 has a plurality of through longitudinal holes 144 near the end, and the hole near the beam end intersects the lateral groove 142; the beam 141 The central portion has a plurality of vertical holes 145 which are not penetrated, and the bottom of the hole is generally not less than 20 mm from the outer surface.
  • a mounting eye 146 is provided on the beam 141.
  • the prefabricated wall member 151 at the beam support of the present invention is shown in Fig. 15, and the wall 151 is provided with a lateral groove 152 at the longitudinal edge. And the protrusions 153, 152 and 153 are staggered; the wall 151 has a plurality of through-holes 154, and the holes near the longitudinal edges intersect the lateral grooves 152; the wall 151 Receive 155 inside the beam support.
  • a mounting eye 156 is disposed on the wall 151.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，包括钢筋混凝土预制板，预制板内开有与表面平行的纵向孔洞（14），预制板的纵向边缘间隔设置横向凹槽（12），该横向凹槽（12）与靠近预制板边缘的纵向孔洞（14）相交；还提供了一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件的制作方法，包括在预制板生产场地上组合底模（31）、顶模（33）、侧模（32）和钢管内模（34），布置钢筋网，然后浇筑混凝土，在混凝土硬化前抽出钢管，在混凝土达到预期强度后拆除模板。该预制钢筋混凝土构件可改善受力性能，应用于各种墙体承重结构中。

Description

一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件及其制作 方法 技术领域
本发明属于预制钢筋混凝土结构构件技术领域，尤其涉及一种适用于装配整体式 结构的纵向边缘带横向凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土空心构件及其制作方法。
 背景技术
现浇钢筋混凝土结构施工过程中现场制作多，湿作业多，有大量模板工程、脚手架工程等中间环节，浪费资源，污染环境；从业人员素质、施工现场环境等对建造质量影响很大，带来建筑性能、质量和耐久性等问题。要改变现浇钢筋混凝土结构的现状，应大力发展预制混凝土结构。预制混凝土结构的主要结构构件在工厂里制作，生产效率高、质量好，节省资源和能源，有利于可持续发展。采用预制混凝土结构是建筑工业化发展的方向，也是住宅产业化发展的方向。
预制混凝土结构中预制构件间存在水平接缝、竖向接缝，接缝的受力性能决定了结构整体性能。现有的预制混凝土结构接缝构造措施一般追求达到与现浇混凝土一样的效果，但是由于接缝处新旧混凝土结合面是薄弱环节，影响了受力性能，而且易于开裂，影响正常使用。
为了减少构件的重量，一般在预制构件内布置孔洞，形成预制空心板。现有的技术中预制空心构件间的连接仍是薄弱环节。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是提高建筑结构的工业化水平，解决传统预制构件间接缝连接薄弱的不足，提供一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件及其制作方法。本发明提出的一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件可实现结构构件工厂化生产，降低造价，节省资源和能源；可保证结构中预制构件间的整体性，提高建筑结构的性能。
本发明提出一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，该构件为钢筋混凝土预制板，预制板内开有与表面平行的纵向孔洞，其特征在于，预制板的纵向边缘间隔布置横向凹槽，与靠近预制板边缘的纵向孔洞相交。
墙体承重结构（例如剪力墙结构）的承重体系一般由平面墙体、楼板，L型、T 型、十字型节点和洞口等组成，相应的整体结构可以分解为平板、T 型墙柱、L 性墙柱、十字形墙柱以及带洞口构件等单元，将每一种单元在工厂预制后到现场组装可形成装配式结构。本发明提出的预制钢筋混凝土构件包括预制混凝土平板（用于墙体和楼板），预制混凝土L 型、T型、十字形墙柱，预制混凝土带洞口墙板等，其中带洞口墙板包括洞口两侧边缘构件和上部连梁。在结构中一些墙体端部有边柱，与墙体相连的部位采用本发明提出的带横向凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土墙板。
本发明提出的预制钢筋混凝土构件内开有与表面平行的纵向孔洞，减少预制单元的重量，孔洞是圆孔、圆角矩形孔等。
本发明提出的预制钢筋混凝土构件的纵向边缘（或至少一个纵向边缘）设置横向凹槽，与靠近构件边缘的纵向孔洞相交。本发明提出的预制钢筋混凝土构件设置凹槽后，构件边缘呈齿状，凹槽与突起间隔排列。为了减少现场的模板量，所述凹槽在预制板的一侧板面保留混凝土，使预制板的一侧纵向边缘的一面为齿状，另一面为直线。本发明提出的预制钢筋混凝土构件凹槽的横向边缘与预制板纵向边缘斜交，或者与纵向边缘垂直。本发明提出的预制钢筋混凝土构件的横向凹槽在两个纵向边缘平行布置，即两侧的凹槽在同一水平线上；也可以交错布置，即一侧纵向边缘的某一部位布置凹槽，另一侧相应的位置是突起。
本发明提出的预制钢筋混凝土构件内布置钢筋网，钢筋网包括纵向钢筋、横向箍筋和拉筋等。
为了进一步减少预制构件重量，增加结构整体性，可在带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件的横向方向制作孔洞，孔洞端部与纵向孔洞相连通。
在一些结构中会出现弧形、折角形等异形墙体构件，也可采用本发明的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件。
本发明提出的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件可用于剪力墙结构、框架- 剪力墙结构、筒体结构等，也可用于地下室外墙、储料池侧壁等钢筋混凝土墙体承重结构构件。
本发明提出一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件的制作方法，其特征是，包括下列步骤：
（1）在预制板生产场地上，采用底模，顶模，侧模和用于制作预留孔的钢管作为模板；其中，侧模每间隔一定距离向内凹，凹进部分顶部的形状与钢管外形匹配；顶模上开有与钢管外形尺寸相同的孔洞；
（2）将侧模、顶模和底模组合在一起，布置钢筋网，将多跟钢管穿过一侧顶模的孔洞，平行穿过钢筋网的间隙，穿过另一侧顶模的孔洞；侧模内凹部分的端部与钢管贴合在一起；
（3）在侧模、顶模和底模组成的空间内浇筑混凝土，在混凝土硬化之前抽出钢管形成纵向贯穿孔洞；
（4）待混凝土达到预期强度拆除底模，顶模，侧模，形成带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土平板构件。
一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件的制作方法，其特征是，包括下列步骤：
（1）采用现有的预制空心板生产技术，生产出开有纵向孔洞的预制空心板；
（2）在预制空心板纵向边缘用切割锯开出凹槽，凹槽与至少一个纵向孔洞相交，形成带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件。
（1）工业化水平高：预制结构构件生产效率高、质量好、节省资源、有利于可持续发展。
（2）标准化程度高：剪力墙结构以及其他墙体承重结构由平面墙体，L 型、T 型和十字型节点和洞口、楼板等组成；与此相对应，按照本发明提出的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件制作方法在工厂按照统一的规格、构造制作混凝土平面墙体构件、平面楼板构件、带洞口墙体构件，以及L 型、T 型、十字型墙柱构件等。
（3）运输、安装方便。本发明提出的预制构件内开有孔洞，重量轻，运输安装方便。
（4）预制构件接缝连接方便、可靠。在预制构件间浇筑混凝土后，靠近边缘的纵向孔洞内的后浇混凝土与预制构件间、凹槽内的后浇混凝土为一整体，大大提高预制构件间连接的可靠性，施工方便。
图1 是本发明的预制平板构件示意图。
图2 是图1 中的截面示意图。
图3 是本发明的预制平板构件的模板示意图。
图4 是本发明的预制构件示意图，横向凹槽在预制板的一侧面保留混凝土。
图5 是图4 中的截面示意图。
图6 是本发明的预制构件示意图，构件两侧的凹槽交错布置。
图7 是图6 中的截面示意图。
图8 是本发明的预制T 形墙柱构件示意图。
图9 是本发明的预制T 形墙柱构件的模板示意图。
图10 是本发明的预制L 形墙柱构件示意图。
图11 是本发明的预制十字型墙柱构件示意图。
图12 是本发明的预制带洞口墙体构件示意图。
图13 是本发明的带边柱的预制构件示意图。
图14 是本发明的预制梁构件示意图。
图15 是本发明的梁支座处预制墙体构件示意图。
实施例1 是一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土平板构件，如图1、图2 所示，平板11 的纵向边缘布置横向凹槽12，与突起13 交错布置；平板11 开有若干个纵向孔洞14，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽12 相交；平板11 上设置了安装吊环15。预制钢筋混凝土平板构件用作墙体时，长度一般取建筑物层高，宽度一般取300 的模数，厚度等于墙体厚度。
实施例1 的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
1）在生产场地上按照预制构件的尺寸布置平板底模31、两个侧模32 和两个顶模33，如图3，在模板组成的空间内布置钢筋笼和吊环15。其中侧模32 每间隔一定距离向内凹，凹进部分端部321 与钢管内模34 贴合在一起；
2）将多个钢管内模34 穿过两侧顶模的预留孔331 和两层钢筋网的中间，钢管内模34的外径与顶模33 的预留孔331 的直径相同；
3）在模板构成的空间内浇筑混凝土，在混凝土硬化之前，抽出钢管内模34，形成纵向孔洞14 ；待混凝土达到预期强度后拆除模板31、32 和33，形成一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土平板构件。
上述带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土平板构件还可采用现有预制空心板的生产工艺制作，即按照现有的预制空心板生产方法生产出有纵向孔洞的预制板，用切割锯在纵向边缘开出凹槽，凹槽与至少一个纵向孔洞相交，形成带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件。
按照上述类似的方法还可以制作凹槽一侧保留混凝土的预制平板构件，如图4、图5 ；本实施例平板构件41 的纵向边缘布置的横向凹槽42 和突起43，42 与43 交错布置，其中横向凹槽42 的一侧保留混凝土板44 ；平板41 开有若干个纵向孔洞45，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽42 相交；平板41 上设置了安装吊环46。
按照上述类似的方法还可制作出构件两侧凹槽交错布置的预制平板构件，如图6、图7。该平板61 的每一侧纵向边缘交错布置横向凹槽62 和突起63 ；平板61 两侧纵向边缘的横向凹槽交错布置，即一个纵向边缘布置凹槽，另一纵向边缘相应位置布置突起；平板61 开有若干个纵向孔洞64，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽62 相交；平板61 上设置了安装吊环65。
实施例2 是一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土T 形墙柱构件，如图8 所示，该T 形墙柱构件81 的纵向边缘布置横向凹槽82（至少一个纵向边缘布置横向凹槽），与纵向边缘的突起83 交错布置；T 形墙柱构件81 开有若干个纵向孔洞84，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽82 相交；T 形墙柱构件81 上设置了安装吊环85。实际应用中T 形墙柱的三个肢采用适应建筑结构要求的肢长。T 形墙柱构件的长度一般取建筑物的层高，厚度一般与墙体等厚。
实施例2 的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
1）在生产场地上按照预制构件的尺寸要求，布置平板模板91、两个L形模板92、两个顶模93 和三个侧模94，如图9，在模板组成的空间内布置钢筋笼和吊环85，其中钢筋笼包括纵筋和箍筋。侧模94 每间隔一定距离向内凹，凹进部分端部941 与钢管内模95 贴合在一起；
2）将多个钢管内模95 穿过两侧顶模的预留孔931 和两层钢筋网的中间，钢管内模95的外径与顶模93 的预留孔931 的直径相同；
3）在模板组成的空间内浇筑混凝土，在混凝土硬化之前，抽出钢管内模95，形成纵向孔洞84 ；待混凝土达到预期强度后拆除模板91、92、93 和94，形成一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝 土T 形墙柱构件。
按照上述类似的方法还可以制作横截面为L形、十字形的预制墙柱构件，如图10、图11。L形预制墙柱构件实施例如图10， L 形预制构件101 的纵向边缘布置横向凹槽102（至少一个纵向边缘布置横向凹槽）和突起103，102 与103 交错布置；墙柱构件101 开有若干个纵向孔洞104，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽102 相交；墙柱构件101 上设置了安装吊环105。实际应用中L 形墙柱两个肢采用适应建筑结构要求的肢长。L 形墙柱构件的长度一般取建筑物的层高，厚度与墙体等厚。
带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土十字形墙柱构件如图11 所示，墙柱构件111 的纵向边缘布置横向凹槽112（至少一个纵向边缘布置横向凹槽）和突起113，112 与113 交错布置；墙柱构件111 开有若干个纵向孔洞114，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽112 相交；墙柱构件111 上设置了安装吊环115。实际应用中十字形墙柱四个肢采用适应建筑结构要求的肢长。十字形墙柱构件的长度一般取建筑物的层高，厚度与墙体等厚。
按照上述类似的方法还可以制作凹槽一侧保留混凝土的预制L 形、T 形和十字形墙柱构件；还可以制作出构件两侧的凹槽交错布置的L 形、T 形和十字形墙柱构件。
本发明带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土带洞口墙体构件121，构件实施例见图12，带洞口预制混凝土平板121 的纵向边缘布置横向凹槽122 和突起123，122 与123 交错布置；墙体构件121开有若干个贯穿纵向孔洞124，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽122 相交；洞口上部连梁开有若干不贯穿竖向孔洞125，孔底距外表面一般不小于20mm ；洞口下部墙体（当墙体上开有门洞时，没有这部分墙体）开有若干贯穿竖向孔洞126。墙体构件121上设置了安装吊环127。
本发明带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土带边柱墙体构件131，构件实施例见图13，包括预制墙板132 和边柱133，在132的纵向边缘布置横向凹槽134和突起135，134与135交错布置；墙板132 开有若干个贯穿纵向孔洞136，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽134相交。带边柱墙体构件131上设置了安装吊环137。
本发明预制钢筋混凝土梁构件141，构件实施例见图14，梁141在梁端布置横向凹槽142 和突起143，142与143交错布置；梁141靠近端部开有若干个贯穿纵向孔洞144，靠近梁端的孔洞与横向凹槽142相交；梁141 中部开有若干不贯穿竖向孔洞145，孔底距外表面一般不小于20mm。梁141上设置了安装吊环146。
本发明梁支座处预制墙体构件151，构件实施例见图15，墙体151在纵向边缘布置横向凹槽152 和突起153，152与153交错布置；墙体151开有若干个贯穿纵向孔洞154，靠近纵向边缘的孔洞与横向凹槽152相交；墙体151 在梁支座部位内收155。墙体151上设置了安装吊环156。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，该构件为钢筋混凝土预制板，预制板内开有与表面平行的纵向孔洞，其特征在于，预制板的纵向边缘间隔设置横向凹槽，所述横向凹槽与靠近预制板边缘的纵向孔洞相交。
  2. 根据权利要求1 所述的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，其特征在于，所述预制钢筋混凝土构件为用于墙体或楼（屋）盖的平板；设置在该预制钢筋混凝土板内的钢筋骨架包括多个横向箍筋。
  3. 据权利要求1所述的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，其特征在于，所述预制钢筋混凝土构件为T形、L 性、十字形墙柱；设置在该预制钢筋混凝土构件内的钢筋骨架包括多个横向箍筋。
  4. 据权利要求1 所述的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，其特征在于，所述预制钢筋混凝土构件为开有洞口的墙板，所述墙板包括洞口、洞口上部连梁、洞口两侧墙体。
  5. 据权利要求1、2、3、4 所述的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，其特征在于，所述凹槽在预制板的一侧板面保留混凝土。
  6. 据权利要求1、2、3、4 所述的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，其特征在于，所述预制板的横向凹槽在两个纵向边缘交错布置。
  7. 据权利要求1、2、3、4 所述的带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件，其特征在于，所述预制板内开有与表面平行的不贯通横向孔洞。
  8. 一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件的制作方法，其特征是，包括下列步骤：
    （1）在预制板生产场地上，采用底模，顶模，侧模和多根用于制作预留孔的钢管内模作模板；其中，侧模每间隔一定距离向内凹，顶模上开有与钢管形状尺寸相同的孔洞；
    （2）将侧模、顶模和底模组合在一起，布置钢筋网，将多跟钢管穿过一侧顶模的孔洞，穿过钢筋网的间隙，穿过另一侧顶模的孔洞；侧模内凹部分的端部与钢管贴合在一起；
    （3）在侧模、顶模和底模组成的空间内浇筑混凝土，在混凝土硬化之前抽出钢管形成纵向贯穿孔洞；
    （4）待混凝土达到预期强度拆除底模，顶模，侧模，形成带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件。
  9. 一种带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件的制作方法，其特征是，包括下列步骤：
    （1）采用现有的预制空心板生产技术，生产出开有纵向孔洞的预制空心板；
    （2）在预制空心板纵向边缘用切割锯开出凹槽，凹槽与至少一个纵向孔洞相交，形成带凹槽的预制钢筋混凝土构件。
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