WO2013156760A1 - Additif - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2013156760A1
WO2013156760A1 PCT/GB2013/050938 GB2013050938W WO2013156760A1 WO 2013156760 A1 WO2013156760 A1 WO 2013156760A1 GB 2013050938 W GB2013050938 W GB 2013050938W WO 2013156760 A1 WO2013156760 A1 WO 2013156760A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
processing aid
branched chain
aid additive
polyester composition
additive
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PCT/GB2013/050938
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English (en)
Inventor
Adam John Maltby
Philip John Mccoy
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Croda International Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Croda International Plc filed Critical Croda International Plc
Publication of WO2013156760A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013156760A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
    • C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an additive for plastics, more particularly to an additive for polyester polymers, for example polycarbonates.
  • the additive is effective in promoting ease of processing, good mold release and reducing surface friction amongst other effects.
  • Polyesters are a group of polymers based on repeating ester groups, for example, polycarbonate is a polymer based on a repeating carbonate group. It is a thermoplastic material, and is used commonly in applications such as molding, for example injection- molding; extrusion; and the like.
  • Polyesters can be difficult to produce and process since they are generally high viscosity materials in their molten state, which exhibit a reluctance to flow.
  • the molten material can stick to metal nozzles on extruders, injection nozzles, and so on.
  • additives can be added to the polyester compositions.
  • Such additives are known as internal lubricants since they lubricate the polyester chains against each other in the melt and lower the viscosity of the composition.
  • Internal lubricants are often based on polymeric processing aids. Polymeric processing aids can also work by sticking to the metal surfaces and forming a layer over which the polyester can pass without touching the metal. The friction of this layer is the same as that of the melt, so the flow of the melt is improved. Internal lubricants are effective during the melt processing of polyester compositions, but do not have any effect in finished polyester articles. Another problem associated with polyesters is their surface friction. It is widely known that polyester articles have very high surface friction values, especially at a polyester to polyester interface. This makes the packing of polyester, for example polyethylene terephthalate (PET), molded parts/articles and the rolling and unrolling of polyester sheets difficult.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • additives are often used and incorporated into the polyesters.
  • Such additives are known as external lubricants.
  • External lubricants are often based on saturated polyols, for example pentaerythritol tetrastearate, glycerol tristearate and other esters based on polyhydric alcohols or linear acids.
  • the external lubricants are additives which have a beneficial effect on the working of processed polyesters, but they have a limited effect during the melt processing stage, i.e. they do not exhibit good internal lubrication properties.
  • the additives described above are usually solid at room temperature. This means that as the polyester cools after processing, molding, extrusion, etc., the additives can condense, thus forming visible deposits within, or on the surface of the polyester. These visible deposits cause the polyester to appear hazy, instead of the desired clear appearance.
  • a processing aid additive for a polyester composition comprising a simple ester of a branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid and a branched chain monohydric alcohol.
  • a polyester composition comprising a processing aid additive, the processing aid additive comprising a simple ester of a branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid and a branched chain monohydric alcohol.
  • a processing aid additive in a polyester composition, the processing aid additive comprising a simple ester of a branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid and a branched chain monohydric alcohol.
  • the processing aid additive comprises an ester having only a single ester bond.
  • the ester is a simple ester, contrary to the complex esters which are often used as additives in polycarbonates. It is surprising that such relatively simple molecules exhibit various good properties at the same time, especially since no polyhydric alcohols and/or polybasic acids are used in their manufacture, thus restricting the amount of possibilities in achieving certain desired chemical structures and physical properties.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention may be based on one single ester, or a mixture of esters may be used.
  • the use of mixtures of esters according to the present invention may sometimes lead to positive synergism in required properties, for example the pour point may be improved.
  • the esters according to the present invention may be mixed with other simple esters.
  • the processing aid additive may comprise a mixture of simple esters of at least one branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid and at least one branched chain monohydric alcohol.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid may be saturated, preferably saturated and aliphatic. This imparts oxidative stability to the acid.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid may be branched in any position and sometimes branching occurs at several positions in the carbon chain.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid preferably comprises at least 9 carbon atoms, preferably at least 14 carbon atoms, more preferably at least 16 carbon atoms and most preferably at least 18 carbon atoms.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid preferably comprises at most 36 carbon atoms, preferably at most 28 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 24 carbon atoms and most preferably at most 22 carbon atoms.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid may comprise at most 20 carbon atoms.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid comprises at least 16 carbon atoms and at most 22 carbon atoms.
  • the branched chain acids may be produced by alkali fusion of alcohols, by oxidation of aldehydes or Guerbet alcohols, by carboxylation of olefins (Koch-Haag synthesis; Reppe process) or by paraffin oxidation, or any other suitable method.
  • Koch-Haag synthesis Reppe process
  • paraffin oxidation or any other suitable method.
  • a description of branched chain fatty acids has been given in Ullmann's, Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition, 1985 in Volume A5, page 235-243 and Volume A10, page 245-276, respectively (VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, BRD).
  • acids obtained by reaction of alpha-olefins with fatty acids may be used.
  • suitable acids are isostearic acid isopalmitic acid, isodecanoic acid (consisting of about 90% of trimethylhexanoic acid), Neo Acids (Trade Mark, ex Exxon/Enjay, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA), CeKanoic acids (Trade Mark, ex Ugine Kuhlmann, France), and the like acids.
  • Branched fatty acids suitable for use herein can also be obtained from natural sources such as, for example plant or animal esters.
  • the acids may be obtained from palm oil, rape seed oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, soybean oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, tallow, whale or fish oils, grease, lard and mixtures thereof.
  • Resin acids such as those present in tall oil, may also be used.
  • the branched chain fatty acid component of the ester may comprise a mixture of branched and linear chain fatty acids.
  • the fatty acid mixture comprises greater than 70%, more preferably in the range from 73 to 95%, particularly 77 to 90%, and especially 80 to 85% by weight of branched fatty acids, and less than 30%, more preferably in the range from 5 to 27%, particularly 10 to 23%, and especially 15 to 20% by weight of linear fatty acids, both based on the total weight of fatty acids present.
  • the branched chain fatty acid preferably comprises alkyl side branches (attached directly to a carbon atom of the longest linear chain) having on average less than 3, more preferably less than 2.5, particularly in the range from 1.05 to 2, and especially 1.1 to 1.4 carbon atoms, i.e. the side branches are predominantly methyl groups.
  • greater than 50%, more preferably greater than 60%, particularly in the range from 70 to 97%, and especially 80 to 93% by number of the side-branched groups are methyl groups.
  • greater than 30%, more preferably greater than 40%, particularly in the range from 45 to 90%, and especially 50 to 80% by number of the branched fatty acids contain single methyl side branches.
  • the acid may be selected from the Guerbet-type acids having longer alkyl side branches.
  • the branched chain fatty acid preferably comprises at least one alkyl side branch (attached directly to a carbon atom of the longest linear chain) having on average more than 4, more preferably more than 6, particularly in the range from 6-10, and especially 7-9 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable branched chain fatty acids for use in the present invention include iso-acids such as isostearic acid, isopalmitic acid, isomyristic acid, isoarachidic acid and isobehenic acid; neo- acids such as neodecanioc acid; and/or anti-iso acids.
  • the branched chain fatty acid is an iso-acid.
  • An iso-C18 acid such as isostearic acid is preferred.
  • the branched chain monohydric alcohol may be saturated, preferably saturated and aliphatic. This imparts oxidative stability to the alcohol.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid may be branched in any position and sometimes branching occurs at several positions in the carbon chain.
  • the branched chain monohydric alcohol preferably comprises at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably at least 12 carbon atoms, more preferably at least 16 carbon atoms and most preferably at least 18 carbon atoms.
  • the branched chain monohydric alcohol preferably comprises at most 30 carbon atoms, preferably at most 26 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 24 carbon atoms and most preferably at most 22 carbon atoms.
  • Preferably the branched chain monohydric alcohol comprises at least 18 carbon atoms and at most 22 carbon atoms.
  • the branched chain monohydric alcohol preferably comprises at least one alkyl side branch (attached directly to a carbon atom of the longest linear chain) having on average more than 4, more preferably more than 6, particularly in the range from 6-10, and especially 7-9 carbon atoms.
  • the branched chain monohydric alcohol may comprise at least one alkyl side branch (attached directly to a carbon atom of the longest linear chain) having on average less than 3, more preferably less than 2.5, particularly in the range from 1.05 to 2, and especially 1.1 to 1.4 carbon atoms, i.e. the side branches are predominantly methyl groups.
  • the branched chain monohydric alcohol is preferably selected from the group consisting of Guerbet alcohols, oxo alcohols, aldol condensation derived alcohols, and mixtures thereof. Also, branched chain alcohols obtained in paraffin oxidation or from other sources, such as hydration of olefins or the Reppe process, may be used. Suitable alcohols have been described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition, 1985, volume Al, page 279-303 "Aliphatic alcohols", VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim BRD.
  • alcohols derived from aldol condensation are 2ethylhexanol-l, iso-hexadecyl alcohol and iso-octadecyl alcohol.
  • Suitable oxo alcohols are iso-octanol (usually a mixture of about 80% dimethylhexanols, 15% methylheptanols and 5% mixed alcohols), iso-nonanol (about 80% dimethylheptanols and 20% trimethylhexanols), iso-decanol (usually originating from the hydroformylation of tripropylene), isotridecylalcohol, and the like.
  • iso-C20 alcohol such as lsofol-20, ex Condea
  • octanol-2 such as 2-butyl-octanol-l, 2-nonyl-tridecanol-l, and the like
  • Guerbet alcohols are preferred.
  • An iso-C20 alcohol is especially preferred.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid may comprise an iso-C18 acid and the branched chain monohydric alcohol may comprise an iso-C20 alcohol.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid is iso-stearic acid and the branched chain monohydric alcohol is 2-octyldodecanol.
  • the esters may be prepared by direct esterification or by interesterification.
  • the esters may be prepared by esterification in the presence of a catalyst.
  • Suitable catalysts include, but are not restricted to, mineral acids such as HN0 3 , H 3 P0 4 , HBF 4 , H 3 B0 3 ; p- toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA); titanium-based catalysts such as titanates; and tin-based catalysts such as stannous oxalate.
  • the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid and the branched chain monohydric alcohol in the ester may have either the same or different numbers of carbon atoms in their alkyl side branches.
  • the at least one side branch of the branched chain monohydric alcohol comprises more carbon atoms than the at least one side branch of the branched chain fatty monocarboxylic acid in the ester.
  • the processing aid additive is a liquid at room temperature and pressure.
  • the processing aid additive is a liquid at atmospheric pressure at 10°C, preferably at 0°C, more preferably at -10°C and most preferably at -30°C. This ensures that the additive is easy to use and process after storage at room temperature or below, and also ensures that the additive does not condensate in the finished polyester compositions, so that no hazing occurs.
  • the processing aid additive has a low viscosity at low temperatures.
  • the processing aid additive has a viscosity of at least 1 mm 2 /s, preferably at least 2 mm 2 /s, more preferably at least 3 mm 2 /s and most preferably at least 5 mm 2 /s at 100°C as measured on a Brookfield viscometer.
  • the processing aid additive has a viscosity of up to 20 mm 2 /s, preferably up to 15 mm 2 /s, more preferably up to 10 mm 2 /s and most preferably up to 7 mm 2 /s at 100°C as measured on a Brookfield viscometer.
  • the processing aid additive has both internal and external lubricating capabilities.
  • 'internal lubrication' it is meant the lubrication of the polyester chains within the polyester composition against themselves. This type of lubrication works in the melt processing of the polyester composition by reducing the viscosity of the composition and improving the flow rate of the composition.
  • 'external lubrication' it is meant the lubrication of the surface of a polyester article against other surfaces. This type of lubrication reduces the surface friction of polyester articles, e.g. molded or extruded articles.
  • the processing aid additive may be a migrating species.
  • 'migrating species' it is meant that the ester molecules of the processing aid additive are able to move within the polyester and migrate towards the surface of the polyester structure. In this way, the processing aid additive may form a film on the surface of the polycarbonate structure.
  • the processing aid additive preferably leaves no visible trace within the polyester composition.
  • the processing aid additive preferably causes no hazing within a polycarbonate composition.
  • the polyester composition may comprise a polyester and a processing aid additive as defined herein at a concentration of at least 0.01wt% of processing aid additive based on the total weight of the polyester composition.
  • the processing aid additive is preferably present/operable for use in a polyester composition, more preferably a polycarbonate composition, at a concentration of at least 0.01%, preferably at least 0.05%, more preferably at least 0.08% and most preferably at least 0.1% by weight based on the total weight of the polycarbonate composition.
  • the processing aid additive is preferably present/operable for use in the polycarbonate composition at a concentration of up to 10%, preferably up to 5%, more preferably up to 2% and most preferably up to 1% by weight based on the total weight of the polycarbonate composition.
  • the processing aid additive is present/operable for use in the polycarbonate composition at a concentration of approximately from 0.2% to 0.3% by weight based on the total weight of the polycarbonate composition.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is preferably effective in lowering the static and/or kinetic coefficient of friction of a polycarbonate composition.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is operable to reduce the static and/or kinetic coefficient of friction of a polycarbonate composition at 23°C and at 50% humidity by at least 15%, preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 25% and most preferably at least 30% compared to a polycarbonate composition comprising no additives.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is operable to reduce the static and/or kinetic coefficient of friction of a polycarbonate composition at 23°C and at 50% humidity by up to 90%, preferably up to 80%, more preferably up to 70% and most preferably up to 60% compared to a polycarbonate composition comprising no additives.
  • the reduction in coefficient of friction is calculated according to the method described in Example 6 below.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is preferably effective in reducing the mold release force for a polycarbonate composition.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is operable to reduce the mold release force of a polycarbonate composition by at least 10%, preferably at least 15%, more preferably at least 18% and most preferably at least 20% compared to a polycarbonate composition comprising no additives.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is operable to reduce the mold release force of a polycarbonate composition by up to 65%, preferably up to 60%, more preferably up to 55% and most preferably up to 50% compared to a polycarbonate composition comprising no additives.
  • the reduction in mold release force is calculated according to the method described in Example 5 below.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is preferably effective in increasing the output rate of extrusion of a polycarbonate composition. This may be compared to a polycarbonate composition without the processing aid additive of the present invention at varying temperatures.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is operable to increase the rate of extrusion of a polycarbonate composition by at least 10%, preferably at least 15%, more preferably at least 18% and most preferably at least 20% at temperatures between 250°C and 350°C compared to a polycarbonate composition comprising no additives.
  • the processing aid additive of the present invention is operable to increase the rate of extrusion of a polycarbonate composition by up to 65%, preferably up to 60%, more preferably up to 55% and most preferably up to 50% at temperatures between 250°C and 350°C compared to a polycarbonate composition comprising no additives.
  • the increase in output rate of extrusion is calculated according to the method described in Example 4 below.
  • the polyester polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET or PET-E), polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PET-G), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), glycol-modified poly(cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT-G), poly(ethylene isophthalate), poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate), poly(ethylene phthalate), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs).
  • PET or PET-E poly(ethylene terephthalate)
  • PET-G poly(butylene terephthalate)
  • PCT poly(cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate)
  • PCT-G glycol-modified poly(cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate)
  • the polyester is a polycarbonate or poly(ethylene terephthalate), and most preferably the polyester is polycarbonate.
  • the processing aid of the present invention can be added directly to the polyester composition at the processing stage or included via masterbatch or concentrate.
  • the masterbatch or concentrate for addition to the polyester composition may comprise the processing aid additive of the present invention and a carrier polymer or a porous medium.
  • processing aid additive When the processing aid additive is added directly to the polyester composition at the processing stage, this is typically done by dosing the additive using a pump, for example a peristaltic pump, piston pump, gear pump or the like, into the melt stream of the polyester composition (usually into a compounding extruder).
  • a pump for example a peristaltic pump, piston pump, gear pump or the like
  • the masterbatch or concentrate When the processing aid additive is added to the polyester composition via a masterbatch or concentrate, the masterbatch or concentrate must first be produced.
  • the masterbatch or concentrate is produced by dosing the additive into a carrier polymer in a compounding extruder using a pump.
  • the carrier polymer can be a polyester, for example polycarbonate, or any other polymer compatible with the desired polyester composition.
  • the additive can be adsorbed into a porous medium, which porous medium may be polymeric, for example porous polycarbonate from Membrana Accurel Systems, or into an inorganic adsorbing medium such as synthetic silica or a zeolite type material.
  • the formed masterbatch or concentrate is then dosed into the feed zone of an extruder with the polyester so that they are mixed in the melt stream.
  • polyester composition if required.
  • slip agents for example, known slip agents, blocking agents, anti-blocking agents, antistatic agents, antioxidants, acid scavengers, colours/pigments, fillers/reinforcements, UV absorbers, light stabilisers, antifogging agents, nucleating agents, and/or non migrating slip additives, for example solid silicones or crosslinked polymethylmethacrylates (PMMA), may be present in the polyester composition.
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylates
  • slip agents examples include both saturated and unsaturated acid amides, saturated polyol esters and montan waxes, for example stearyl erucamide and PTS. These slip agents are typically present at levels of between 0.1 to 3% by weight in the polymer.
  • blocking agents include natural and synthetic silica, calcium carbonate. These blocking agents are typically present at levels of between 500 to 5000ppm in the polymer.
  • antistatic agents examples include glycerol esters, ethoxylated amines, alkanamides and sodium alkyl sulphonates. These agents are typically present at levels of between 0.05 to 3% in the polymer.
  • polyester compositions and processing aid additives according to the present invention are suitable for use in a wide variety of applications.
  • polycarbonate compositions containing the additives of the present invention may be used in automotive or transportation applications, for example in headlights and clear parts (dashboard cover) as well as in opaque and coloured parts; in glazing and glass replacement applications, for example in bullet-resistant glazing, security glazing or multi-wall glazing; in construction and infra-structure applications, for example molded structures, piping, sound-proofing and telecommunication hard-wiring applications; and in electronics and electrical applications, for example concealed plugs and electrical circuitry. Any of the above features may be taken in any combination and with any aspect of the invention.
  • the reaction mixture was heated to 230°C for 5 hours under a constant nitrogen flow.
  • the condensed reaction water was collected in the Dean-Stark trap and the iso-tridecanol was refluxed continuously.
  • the reaction was proceeded by vacuum distillation at 230°C and 20 mbar to remove the excess of iso-tridecanol.
  • the crude reaction product was a clear light yellow liquid with an acid value of 0.1.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40°C was 19.8 cSt and the pour point was -31°C
  • a four litre five-necked reaction vessel, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, a water cooler and an inlet for inert gas was charged with 1188 grams (4.03 moles) iso- stearic acid (PRISORINE 3501, Trade Mark, ex Croda International pic) and 1312 grams (4.90 moles) 2-octyldecanol/2-hexyldodecanol mixture (Isofol 18E, Trade Mark, ex Condea chemie GmbH, Germany).
  • the reaction mixture was heated to 230°C for 5 hours under a constant nitrogen flow.
  • the condensed reaction water was distilled off.
  • a four litre five-necked reaction vessel, equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, and a water cooler and an inlet for inert gas was charged with 1304 grams (4.42 moles) iso- stearic acid (PRISORINE 3501, Trade Mark, ex Croda International pic) and 1196 grams (4.01 moles) 2-octyldodecanol (Isofol 20, Trade Mark, ex Condea Chemie GmbH, Germany).
  • iso- stearic acid PRISORINE 3501, Trade Mark, ex Croda International pic
  • 2-octyldodecanol Isofol 20, Trade Mark, ex Condea Chemie GmbH, Germany
  • the reaction mixture was heated to 230°C for 5 hours under a constant nitrogen flow.
  • the condensed reaction water was distilled off.
  • Unprocessed Wonderlite PC-110 (Trade Mark) polycarbonate resin was introduced into the hopper cone (the feed zone) of a Polylab QC twin-screw extruder controlled by a PC and software.
  • the resin was transported from the feed zone into the compression zone where the resin was melted by means of the application of raised temperature and friction due to compression.
  • the homogeneous, molten polycarbonate was then meted by the extruder into the die section where the extrudate was shaped by a die into a continuous cylinder as it left the extruder.
  • the extrudate then passed into a cooled water-bath (at approximately 15°C) to solidify.
  • the solid extrudate was dried using an air knife and cut into cylindrical pellets using a pelletizer.
  • the mass of the collected pellets was measured after a predetermined time to calculate the output rate of the polycarbonate composition from the extruder.
  • the method was repeated with a second batch of polycarbonate resin. This time the processing aid additive of Example 3 at a concentration of 0.1% based on the total weight of the polycarbonate composition was introduced into the polycarbonate resin in the compression zone. The polycarbonate composition comprising the processing aid additive of Example 3 was thoroughly mixed into the polycarbonate resin by the action of the compression zone of the extruder. The method then continued as before. The results of these tests are given in Tables 1 and 2 below.
  • Unprocessed Wonderlite PC-110 (Trade Mark) polycarbonate resin was introduced into the feed zone of a Boston Matthews 35 Injection Moulding Machine. The resin was transported from the feed zone into the compression zone where the resin was melted by means of the application of raised temperature and friction. The homogeneous, molten polycarbonate was then meted by the extruder into the injection section where it was injected into a tumbler tool.
  • the tumbler tool is a single shot mold in the shape of a tumbler, with a cold runner system to cool the plastic after it has been injected into the mold.
  • the tumbler tool has a stripper plate and pin in combination for ejection of the cooled molded article from the mold, and is fitted with pressure and force transducers (from Kistler) to measure the force required for the molded article to be ejected.
  • the molded article was ejected from the tumbler tool. The force required to eject the molded article from the tumbler tool was measured.
  • the method was repeated with a second batch of polycarbonate resin. This time the processing aid additive of Example 3 was introduced into the polycarbonate resin in the compression zone at various concentrations.
  • the polycarbonate composition comprising the processing aid additive of Example 3 was thoroughly mixed into the polycarbonate resin by the action of the compression zone of the injection moulding machine. The method then continued as before.
  • Plaques of Wonderlite PC-110 (Trade Mark) polycarbonate compositions comprising various additives were produced using a method similar to that of Example 5 using a plaque tool (dimensions: 100mm x 50mm x 2mm) in the injection moulding machine instead of a tumbler tool. Forty plaques of each polycarbonate composition to be tested were produced to allow repeat experiments to be performed.
  • the plaques were measured for static and kinetic coefficient of friction straight after production (initial), 24 hours after production and 1 week after production.
  • the test involved the use of Lloyd LRX Tensile Tester fitted with a 50N load cell.
  • Each test involved plaques of only one type of polycarbonate composition.
  • one plaque was mounted on the test bed of the Lloyd LRX Tensile Tester and another plaque was secured to the underside of the test sled of the Lloyd LRX Tensile Tester in a perpendicular arrangement to the first plaque. A mass was then fitted to the topside of the test sled to make the total weight on the first plaque lOOOg.
  • the second plaque (secured to the test sled) was then pulled along the first plaque on the test bed at a rate of 150mm/min for a distance of 60mm.
  • the static and kinetic coefficients of friction of the plaques were measured by the Lloyd LRX Tensile Tester.
  • the processing aid additives and polycarbonate compositions according to the present invention provide better results than the comparative additives and comparative polycarbonate compositions. Surprisingly, this superiority of performance is seen in situations that suggest the additives exhibit both internal and external lubrication propserties.
  • esters in the processing aid additive have only one ester bond
  • their polarity due to the lone pair on the oxygen atom of the ester linkage is relatively low in comparison to the polyhydric alcohol based esters and the complex esters usually used in polycarbonates.
  • Polar molecules are effective additives because they migrate to the surface of the polycarbonate due to their polarity. It is surprising, therefore, that the presence of only one ester bond can still provide the excellent efficacy seen in this application.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un additif de fabrication pour composition de polyester, l'additif de fabrication comprenant un simple ester composé d'un acide gras monocarboxylique ramifié et d'un alcool monohydrique ramifié.
PCT/GB2013/050938 2012-04-20 2013-04-11 Additif WO2013156760A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016130011A1 (fr) 2015-02-13 2016-08-18 Holland Colours N.V. Produits de polyester
US20220403282A1 (en) * 2019-10-04 2022-12-22 Croda International Plc Internal lubricant composition and use

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0816431A2 (fr) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-07 Polyplastics Co. Ltd. Composition de polyester thermoplastique ayant des propriétés de glissement améliorées

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0816431A2 (fr) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-07 Polyplastics Co. Ltd. Composition de polyester thermoplastique ayant des propriétés de glissement améliorées

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Title
"ULLMANN'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY", vol. A10, VCH VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH, pages: 245 - 276
"Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", vol. AI, 1985, VCH VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH, article "Aliphatic alcohols", pages: 279 - 303
"Ullmann's, Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", vol. A5, 1985, pages: 235 - 243

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016130011A1 (fr) 2015-02-13 2016-08-18 Holland Colours N.V. Produits de polyester
EA034979B1 (ru) * 2015-02-13 2020-04-14 Холланд Калорз Н.В. Полиэфирные продукты
US20220403282A1 (en) * 2019-10-04 2022-12-22 Croda International Plc Internal lubricant composition and use

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