WO2013156407A1 - Compositions tensioactives et leur utilisation pour la recuperation assistee d'hydrocarbures - Google Patents
Compositions tensioactives et leur utilisation pour la recuperation assistee d'hydrocarbures Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013156407A1 WO2013156407A1 PCT/EP2013/057696 EP2013057696W WO2013156407A1 WO 2013156407 A1 WO2013156407 A1 WO 2013156407A1 EP 2013057696 W EP2013057696 W EP 2013057696W WO 2013156407 A1 WO2013156407 A1 WO 2013156407A1
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- carbon atoms
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- salinity
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 69
- -1 sulphonated alkyl ester compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008395 clarifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005011 alkyl ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 60
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002433 hydrophilic molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004200 2-methoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HUWSZNZAROKDRZ-RRLWZMAJSA-N (3r,4r)-3-azaniumyl-5-[[(2s,3r)-1-[(2s)-2,3-dicarboxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxo-4-sulfanylpentane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC[C@@H](N)[C@@H](S)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C)CC)C(=O)N1CCC(C(O)=O)[C@H]1C(O)=O HUWSZNZAROKDRZ-RRLWZMAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVDRREOUMKACNJ-BKMJKUGQSA-N N-[(2R,3S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,4-dimethyl-2-oxoquinolin-7-yl)-6-oxopiperidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC(C)CS(=O)(=O)N[C@H]1CCC(=O)N([C@@H]1c1ccc(Cl)cc1)c1ccc2c(C)cc(=O)n(C)c2c1 LVDRREOUMKACNJ-BKMJKUGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/12—Sulfonates of aromatic or alkylated aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to surfactant compositions and their use in the context of enhanced oil recovery or EOR ("Enhanced Oil Recovery”).
- Crude oil accumulated in an underground reservoir is recovered or produced by means of one or more wells drilled in the reservoir. Before the start of production, the formation (a porous medium) is saturated with hydrocarbons and the pores are filled with these hydrocarbons.
- Initial hydrocarbon recovery is usually done by "primary recovery” techniques, in which only the natural forces present in the reservoir are used to produce the oil. In this primary recovery, only part of the crude oil is ejected from the pores by the pressure of the formation. Typically, once natural forces are exhausted and primary recovery is complete, there is still a large volume of crude oil in the reservoir, usually more than two-thirds.
- Water is the fluid whose use is most widespread, especially for economic reasons. When water is injected into the tank, it pushes the oil to a production system consisting of one or more wells through which the oil is recovered. However, the movement of oil through water is not very effective because: - poor volumetric sweep due to the heterogeneities of the porous medium at the reservoir scale; and
- the conditions of formation of the microemulsion depend on several factors, in particular the type of surfactant used, the nature of the oil (mainly its naphthenate content or TAN and its density / viscosity), the salinity of the aqueous phase. .
- the optimum conditions for hydrocarbon recovery depend on all of these parameters.
- the optimal conditions are validated and refined on a case-by-case basis using core sweeps.
- alkylarylsulphonates As surfactants, it is known to use sulfonates, and in particular alkylarylsulphonates. Alkylarylsulphonates suitable for the enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons (as well as combinations of alkylarylsulphonates) are described for example in the documents EP 01 1 1354, EP 0158486, US 3,601,198, US 4,452,708, US 4,608,204, US 4,682,653, US 4,690,785. , US 4,873,025, US 6,043,391 and US 6,269,881.
- alkylarylsulfonates and polysaccharides have also been proposed (for example in US Pat. No. 4,932,473), as well as combinations of alkylarylsulfonates and glycol (for example in EP 0413374), or combinations of alkylarylsulfonates and polyisobutylene (for example in WO 01/98432), or combinations of alkylarylsulphonates and alpha-olefin-sulfonates (for example in EP 0148517).
- a characteristic of ionic surfactants is that their physico-chemical properties are strongly dependent on the salinity of the phase. aqueous. At low salinity, the surfactants are preferentially in the lower aqueous phase, where they form oil-type microemulsions in water, the excess oil being in the upper phase. At high salinity, these surfactants are preferentially in the higher oleic phase where they form water-in-oil microemulsions, the excess water being in the lower phase.
- a microemulsion phase occurs between the aqueous and oleic phases.
- the microemulsion phase contains varying amounts of oil and water.
- each anionic surfactant has optimal efficiency only for a given salinity, called optimal salinity.
- alkylarylsulphonate having an optimum hydrocarbon recovery potential.
- the document WO 2005/018300 identifies alkylxylenesulphonates which are particularly suitable for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery when the salinity is between 0.2 and 0.5% (that is to say between 2 and 5 g / l). ).
- a first subject of the present invention relates to a surfactant composition
- a surfactant composition comprising:
- composition may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
- R a represents an alkyl group of 5 to 30 carbon atoms
- R ' a represents an alkyl or alkylether or alcohol group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- M a represents a monovalent cation
- R b represents an alkyl group of 5 to 30 carbon atoms
- R'b represents an alkyl or alkylether alcohol group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- M b represents a monovalent cation; o alkylarylsulphonate of formula ( ⁇ ):
- R represents an alkyl group of 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- M represents a monovalent cation
- the group R a comprises from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 14 to 20 carbon atoms; and or
- the group R ' a comprises from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and or
- the group R b comprises from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 20 carbon atoms; and or
- the group R ' b comprises from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or
- the group R comprises from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms;
- the surfactant composition comprises two compounds (b) of alkylarylsulphonate type of formula ( ⁇ ) in which the R groups have a different number of carbons, preferably the first alkylarylsulphonate has from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 15 carbon atoms, carbon, and the second alkylarylsulfonate has from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably 12 carbon atoms;
- the composition comprises from 1 to 99% by weight of compound (a), preferably from 30 to 80%, more preferably from 40 to 70%, relative to the total weight of compounds (a) and (b), and / or from 1 to 99% by weight of compound (b), preferably from 5 to 65%, more preferably from 10 to 40%, based on the total weight of compounds (a) and (b).
- the compound (a) has an optimum salinity greater than or equal to 1 10 g / l.
- the compound (b) has an optimum salinity of less than or equal to 75 g / l.
- composition further comprises one or more additives chosen from salts, additional surfactants, sacrificial agents, mobility control polymers, a clarifying agent, or their mixture.
- the composition is in dry form or in the form of an aqueous solution, the mass proportion of surfactants in the aqueous solution preferably ranging from 0.2 to 3%.
- the invention also relates to a process for extracting hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation, comprising injecting a surfactant composition as above, in the form of an aqueous solution into the subterranean formation, and producing hydrocarbons. displaced by the surfactant composition injected.
- the subterranean formation is characterized by a salinity of between 30 and 250 g / l, more particularly between 40 and 220 g / l.
- the invention also relates to a method for selecting a surfactant composition adapted to the enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons in an underground formation with a mixture comprising a surfactant composition as defined above and water for injection, said method comprising :
- candidate surfactant compositions each comprising at least one sulfonated alkyl ester compound (a) and at least one sulfonated alkyl or sulfonated alkyl ester compound;
- each candidate surfactant composition with an aqueous solution having an intermediate salinity S m between S f and S ,, and with a liquid hydrocarbon sample from the subterranean formation, to provide a candidate mixture; selecting a surfactant composition from all of the candidate surfactant compositions, the candidate mixture comprising the selected surfactant composition being a three-phase mixture comprising:
- an intermediate phase which is a microemulsion consisting of aqueous solution, liquid hydrocarbons and compounds (a) and (b).
- the method may include one or more of the following features:
- the intermediate phase of the candidate mixture comprising the selected surfactant composition comprises an equal volume of liquid hydrocarbons and of aqueous solution
- the method comprises, after the estimation of the salinity of the underground formation S f , the estimation of the salinity S, the water for injection, and the choice of the salinity S m :
- the optimum salinity of a compound being defined as the concentration of sodium chloride in water to which said compound, when added at a level of 0.5% by mass of dry matter to an isovolumetric octane / water, in the presence of 1% isobutanol, at atmospheric pressure and at 83 ° C, generates a three-phase mixture comprising:
- An intermediate phase which is a microemulsion consisting of water, octane and said compound; mixture in which the intermediate phase has an equal volume of octane and water.
- the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the art. More particularly, it provides surfactant compositions which can be adapted in a simple manner to various operating conditions, and in particular to various salinity conditions, to provide optimum enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. These surfactant compositions are particularly useful for the enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons under conditions of high salinity, that is to say for example a salinity of between 30 and 250 g / l, and in particular between 60 and 120 g / l and under conditions in which the water available for injection has a high content of divalent cations, for example a content of 10 to 40%, more particularly 20 to 30%.
- reference conditions means a content of 0.5% by weight of dry matter in an isovolumetric mixture n-octane / water in the presence of 1% of isobutanol, at atmospheric pressure and at 83 ° C.
- the hydrocarbon used in this reference system is an oil analogue of the deposit to be treated.
- the octane may be replaced by another alkane, for example by decane.
- the difference in optimal salinity of two compounds is not modified by an alkane change.
- the invention proposes to adjust the proportions of each of the two compounds to generate the conditions of formation of a microemulsion comprising equal volumes of oil and water, thus optimizing enhanced oil recovery.
- a compound (s) (a) sulfonated alkyl ester constituting the hydrophilic pole, that is to say having a high optimum salinity is preferably used at least one compound of formula (I), that is to say an alpha-sulfocarboxylic acid ester; and as a compound (s) (b) constituting the hydrophobic pole, that is to say having a low optimum salinity, is preferably used at least one compound of formula (II), that is to say an alpha-sulfocarboxylic acid ester, or at least one compound of formula ( ⁇ ), i.e. alkylbenzenesulfonate.
- the combination of these two compound types allows a particularly effective optimization of the composition.
- FIG 1 schematically shows Winsor type mixtures 1, 2 and 3.
- Figure 2 provides an illustration of the determination of the optimum salinity of a surfactant compound.
- Figure 3 provides an illustration of the determination of an optimal surfactant composition for a given saline concentration and a given type of oil.
- the invention is based on the combination of at least one hydrophilic sulphonated alkyl ester surfactant (a) and at least one hydrophobic alkyl sulphonated or alkylarylsulphonate surfactant (b) in a surfactant composition.
- sulfonated alkyl ester any ⁇ -sulfocarboxylic acid ester comprising an alkyl or arylalkyl radical having from 5 to 30 carbon atoms.
- alkylarylsulfonate any compound comprising a phenyl ring substituted by one or more alkyl groups as well as by a sulfonate group.
- At least one alkyl substituent comprises at least 10 carbon atoms, more particularly the alkyl group comprises from 10 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably from 14 to 32 carbon atoms.
- the phenyl ring is substituted by an alkyl group and a sulfonate group.
- oil emulsified mixtures of aqueous solutions and liquid hydrocarbons (hereinafter referred to as oil) can be classified into three categories:
- the Winsor 1 type system is a biphasic system comprising a lower phase which is a microemulsion of oil in water, and an upper phase comprising excess oil. If a surfactant is present in the mixture, it is in the lower phase.
- the Winsor 2 type system is a biphasic system comprising an upper phase which is a microemulsion of water in the oil, and a lower phase comprising excess water. If a surfactant is present in the mixture, it is in the upper phase.
- the Winsor type system 3 is a three-phase system comprising a higher phase comprising excess oil, a lower phase comprising excess water, and an intermediate phase which is a microemulsion consisting of water, oil and surfactant.
- the microemulsion is in equilibrium with both the aqueous phase and the oily phase.
- FIG. 1 provides an illustration of the three types of systems.
- the test tube A represents a Winsor type system 1
- the test tube B represents a Winsor type system 3
- the test tube C represents a Winsor type system 2.
- the oil phase is referenced by the number 1
- the water phase by the number 3
- the microemulsion phase by the number 2.
- the formulation of the system is qualified as optimal.
- the simultaneous solubilization of the oil and water is maximal. It is known that these conditions correspond to a regime of low interfacial tensions (see Reed RL, Healy, RN, Some physicochemical aspects of microemulsion floodings: a review in Improved Oil Recovery by Surfactant and Polymer Flooding, Ed DO Shah, RS Schechter, Academy Press, New York, 1977, pp 383-437).
- Winsor 3 type mixture and more particularly an optimal Winsor 3 type mixture, the simplest is to use visual inspection; however, direct measurement of interfacial tensions (by means of a tensiometer) can be performed for greater accuracy.
- the optimum salinity of a surfactant compound is defined as the concentration of sodium chloride in water to which said compound, when added for example to a content of 0.5% by weight of dry matter to an isovolumetric octane / water mixture, in the presence of 1% of isobutanol, generates an optimal Winsor 3 type system, that is to say a three-phase mixture comprising:
- an intermediate phase which is a microemulsion consisting of water, octane and said compound
- the octane used in the present application to evaluate the optimum salinity of the surfactant compound employed for hydrocarbon recovery in a subsurface formation can be replaced by another alkane, such as decane.
- the difference in optimal salinity of two compounds is not modified by an alkane change.
- the optimal salinity of a surfactant compound is determined by mixing in graduated test tubes equal volumes of water (2ml), octane (2ml) and the surfactant, with increasing sodium chloride concentrations.
- the concentration of surfactant is 0.5% (by weight of active surfactant material).
- a co-surfactant, isobutanol, is also present at a concentration of 1%.
- the tests are carried out at atmospheric pressure, and at 83 ° C.
- the test tube in which an optimal Winsor 3 type system is present is identified (typically by visual inspection): the concentration of sodium chloride used in this test tube is the optimum salinity of the surfactant compound in question.
- Figure 2 is an illustration of the determination of the optimal salinity of a sulfonated alkyl ester surfactant compound according to the procedure described above.
- Test tubes No. 1 and 2 (on the left) contain Winsor 1 systems (two-phase system with a higher phase of oil type and a lower phase of microemulsion type oil in the water).
- the surfactant compound is therefore hydrophilic for the corresponding salt concentrations.
- Test tubes No. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 (on the right) contain Winsor 2 systems (two-phase system with a lower aqueous phase and a higher phase of the water-in-oil microemulsion type).
- the surfactant compound is therefore hydrophobic for the corresponding salt concentrations.
- Test tubes 3, 4 and 5 (centrally located) contain a Winsor 3 system (three-phase system with an intermediate microemulsion phase).
- Test tube No. 4 represents the optimum formulation, that is, for the particular saline concentration, the microemulsion of the intermediate phase comprises as much oil as water.
- This test tube is identified by the fact that the volume of the microemulsion is distributed symmetrically on either side of a marker separating the total volume of the three phases into two equal parts. This saline concentration is therefore the optimum salinity of the surfactant compound.
- the surfactant compositions according to the invention are chosen so as to optimize the enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons under particular operating conditions. Also, the invention provides a method for selecting an effective surfactant composition, depending on the operating conditions, in particular depending on the nature and composition of the underground formation considered as well as on the available water for injection.
- the method for selecting a surfactant composition suitable for the enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons in an underground formation using a mixture comprising a surfactant composition and water for injection comprises:
- candidate surfactant compositions each comprising one or more sulfonated alkyl ester compounds (a) and one or more (b) alkyl sulfonated or alkyl aryl sulfonate compounds, the two compounds (a) and (b) having a different hydrophilicity; and
- each candidate surfactant composition in the presence of liquid hydrocarbons from the subterranean formation in question.
- the hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of a surfactant compound depends on the actual operating conditions.
- a practical method for defining this hydrophilic or hydrophobic character is to refer to the salinity S m chosen for injecting the surfactant solution.
- the salinity S m being between the salinity of the subsurface formation Sf and the salinity of the water available for the injection S, (S, ⁇ S m ⁇ Sf), Sf being equal to S ,.
- a compound (a) capable of constituting a hydrophilic pole it is advantageous to choose a sulphonated alkyl ester compound having an optimal salinity greater than or equal to S m
- a compound (b) capable of constituting a hydrophobic pole it It is advantageous to choose a sulphonated or alkylarylsulphonated alkyl ester compound having an optimum salinity of less than or equal to 5 m .
- the salinity Sf of the underground formation within the meaning of the present application is estimated as theoretical equivalent salinity in sodium chloride of the underground formation. This estimate is made with reference to equivalent conductivity or ionic strength.
- salinity S is estimated as water available for injection.
- the hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of a compound surfactant can be determined by measuring or calculating the HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance) or by direct measurement of the interfacial tension.
- HLB Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance
- the surfactant composition selected at the end of the second step depends on the physico-chemical conditions considered, in particular the characteristics of the oil and the water in the underground formation.
- candidate mixtures are prepared by mixing each candidate surfactant composition with an aqueous solution. having a salinity equal to S m , and with a sample of liquid hydrocarbons resulting from the underground formation.
- the various candidate surfactant compositions comprising, for example, variable relative proportions of two compounds (a) and (b)
- test tubes graduated in the presence of equal volumes of water (2 ml, at the estimated salinity underground formation) and hydrocarbons (2ml, oil from underground formation).
- concentration of the surfactant composition is, for example, between 0.5 and 3%.
- the candidate mixtures are evaluated by visual inspection, verifying if they form Winsor type systems 1, 2 or 3, as defined above.
- a surfactant composition which provides a candidate mixture forming a Winsor 3 type system is retained. If several Winsor 3 type systems are obtained, the surfactant composition for which the mixture is of optimal Winsor 3 type is preferably selected is that is, in which the intermediate phase contains equal volumes of oil and water.
- the test tube will be chosen in which the intermediate microemulsion phase is distributed symmetrically on either side of a reference mark separating the internal volume of the test tube into two equal volumes.
- the surfactant composition thus retained is that for which the interfacial tensions, between the microemulsion and the oil on the one hand, and the microemulsion and water on the other hand, are equal. If tests make it possible to identify several surfactant compositions making it possible to generate an optimal Winsor 3 type mixture, the surfactant composition for which the intermediate microemulsion phase has the greatest volume will be chosen.
- Winsor 3 type mixture and more particularly an optimal Winsor 3 type mixture, a direct measurement of the interfacial tensions (by means of a tensiometer) can be carried out, for greater precision.
- the above method makes it possible to select an ideal surfactant composition for given operating conditions.
- the tests are carried out at atmospheric pressure and at the temperature of the deposit (with the oil of the deposit, and a saline concentration equivalent to that of the deposit).
- the selection of the surfactant composition can be refined by adding to the aqueous medium the various additives that will be used under actual operating conditions.
- the concentration of surfactant used is typically 1% by weight. In any case, it is also possible to refine the selection of the composition for different concentrations of surfactants (for example from 0.2% to 3%).
- the selected surfactant composition comprises a hydrophilic pole (for the operating conditions under consideration), namely the compound (s) (a), and a hydrophobic pole (for the operating conditions under consideration), namely the compound (s) (b), adjusted optimally.
- the hydrophilic compound generates with the oil and water S m Winsor type 1 systems.
- the hydrophobic compound generates, with the oil and the water S m, Winsor type systems 2.
- the surfactant composition comprising the two compounds generates, with the oil and the water S m, Winsor type systems 3, preferably optimal.
- the surfactant compositions according to the invention whose effectiveness according to the operating conditions can be determined according to the method described above, comprise at least one sulfonated alkyl ketone (a) surfactant compound and at least one a compound (b) alkyl sulfonated or alkylarylsulfonate hydrophobic type. Therefore, the optimum salinity of the compound (a) is greater than the optimal salinity of the compound (b).
- a particularly suitable type of compound (a) is an ⁇ -sulfocarboxylic acid ester of formula (I):
- R a represents an alkyl group of 5 to 30 carbon atoms
- R ' a represents an alkyl or alkylether or alcohol group of
- M a represents a monovalent cation.
- a particularly suitable type of compound (b) is an ⁇ -sulfocarboxylic acid ester of formula (II) or an alkylbenzene sulfonate of formula ( ⁇ ) below:
- Rb represents an alkyl group of 5 to 30 carbon atoms
- R'b represents an alkyl or alkylether group or alcohol of
- M b represents a monovalent cation
- Rb and / or R'b different respectively from R a and / or R ' a ;
- R represents an alkyl group of 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- M represents a monovalent cation
- the surfactant composition according to the invention may comprise one or more ⁇ -sulphocarboxylic acid esters of formula (II) and / or one or more alkylbenzene sulphonates of formula ( ⁇ ) above.
- the R 'groups of the sulfonated alkyl esters are opposed to the stacking of the molecules and thus promote the mobility of the interfaces and the coalescence phenomena, which make them compounds of particular interest for the applications referred to in the present application.
- the composition comprises from 1 to 99% of compound (a), preferably from 30 to 80%, more preferably from 40 to 70%, based on the total weight of the compounds (a) and ( b).
- the composition comprises from 1 to 99% of compound (b), preferably from 5 to 65%, more particularly preferred from 10 to 40%, based on the total mass of the compounds (a) and (b).
- the surfactant composition comprises a sulfonated alkyl ester compound of formula (I) and two alkylarylsulphonate compounds of formula ( ⁇ ), the two alkylarylsulphonates being differentiated by the length of their alkyl chain R.
- the first alkylarylsulfonate has from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 15 carbon atoms
- the second alkylarylsulfonate has from 10 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably 12 carbon atoms.
- Preferred compounds of formula (I) are those in which the group R a comprises from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, more particularly from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and / or in which the group R ' a contains from 1 to 6 preferably, the group R ' a is an alkyl radical such as ethyl or an alcohol radical of the ethanol type or a 2-methoxyethyl, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl type alkyl ether radical, and the like;
- Preferred compounds of formula (II) are those in which the group R b comprises from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, more particularly from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and / or in which the group R ' b contains from 2 to 5 carbon atoms. carbon atoms, preferably the group R ' b is an alkyl radical such as propyl or an alkyl ether radical such as methoxypropyl.
- Preferred compounds of formula ( ⁇ ) are those in which the group R comprises from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, more particularly from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, more particularly from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the groups R a , Rb and R may be, independently of one another, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated.
- the groups R a , Rb and R can be linear or branched. According to one embodiment of the invention, the groups R a and R b comprise the same number of carbon atoms and the groups R ' a and R' b are different, more particularly the group R ' a is an alkyl ether group. or alcohol and the group R ' b is an alkyl group.
- the group R a is different from the group R b and the group R ' a is different from the group R' b .
- R groups preferably from 1 to 60% of the R groups are branched, more preferably from 3 to 50%, more preferably from 5 to 20%.
- the monovalent cations M a , M b and M 'sulfonate conjugates in the formulas (I), (II) and ( ⁇ ) are preferably alkali metal cations, especially potassium or sodium, and more particularly sodium.
- the compound or compounds (a) have an optimal salinity greater than or equal to 1 10 g / L, preferably greater than or equal to 130 g / L, more preferably greater than or equal to
- the compound (s) (b) have an optimum salinity of less than or equal to 75 g / l, preferably less than or equal to 70 g / l, more preferably less than or equal to 50 g. / L.
- the surfactant compositions according to the invention may be characterized by an optimum difference in salinity between the compound (a) and the compound (b) greater than or equal to 25 g / l, preferably greater than or equal to 30 g / l.
- a surfactant compound (a) having an optimum salinity greater than 1 10 g / L is sufficiently hydrophilic, because for a salinity (concentration of sodium chloride) of less than 1 10 g / L, the surfactant compound will preferably be in the phase aqueous, and a surfactant compound (b) having an optimum salinity of less than 75 g / l is sufficiently hydrophobic, because for a salinity (concentration of sodium chloride) greater than 75 g / l, the surfactant compound will preferably be in the oil phase.
- the surfactant composition according to the invention may be in dry form (for example powder) or in liquid form, that is to say in aqueous solution, concentrated or diluted, that is to say at the nominal concentration of use for the assisted oil recovery.
- the mass concentration of surfactants is typically between 0.1% and 3%.
- the surfactant composition may also comprise other additives, in particular salts, additional surfactants (for example other alkylarylsulphonates, or other sulphonated alkyl esters or else an alcohol such as diethylene glycol butyl ether or a polyethoxylated alcohol, such to reduce the equilibrium equilibrium time of the systems), sacrificial agents, mobility control polymers, a clarifying agent to obtain a clear solution ...
- additional surfactants for example other alkylarylsulphonates, or other sulphonated alkyl esters or else an alcohol such as diethylene glycol butyl ether or a polyethoxylated alcohol, such to reduce the equilibrium equilibrium time of the systems
- sacrificial agents for example other alkylarylsulphonates, or other sulphonated alkyl esters or else an alcohol such as diethylene glycol butyl ether or a polyethoxylated alcohol, such to reduce the equilibrium equilibrium time of the systems
- sacrificial agents for example other al
- the clarifying agent is a mineral oil.
- the clarifying agent makes it possible to ensure excellent solubility of the surfactant composition in the aqueous solution to be injected, an excellent solubility being desired in order to avoid clogging at the inlet of the reservoir.
- the surfactant compositions of the invention are particularly useful for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery (EOR).
- EOR enhanced hydrocarbon recovery
- an injection well is injected with a surface-active composition according to the invention, in the form of an aqueous solution, into the subterranean formation containing hydrocarbons, and in particular crude oil.
- the surfactant composition displaces the oil by forming an oil / water microemulsion locally. This zone of low interfacial tension then propagates in the formation.
- an injection of water, hydrocarbon fluid or brine can be performed prior to the injection of the surfactant composition.
- the hydrocarbons are recovered by one or more production wells remote from the injection well.
- the invention is particularly useful for the recovery of hydrocarbons which are conventional oils, preferably light ones, and which have for example the following characteristics:
- Example 1 illustrates the invention without limiting it.
- a hydrophilic sodium alkyl ester sulfonate compound of formula (I) is manufactured according to method A described above. This compound has the following characteristics:
- a hydrophobic sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate compound of formula ( ⁇ ) is manufactured according to method B described above. This compound has the following characteristics:
- the mixture of these two surfactant compounds is tested in the presence of water containing 80 g / L of total salts.
- the respective optimum salinities of the two selected compounds frame the theoretical salinity value.
- Tests are then carried out to determine the relative proportions of the two constituents of the mixture.
- test tubes are filled with the isobutometric mixture water / petroleum supplemented with a mixture of the two compounds in the respective weight ratios hydrophilic compound compound following hydrophobic properties: 75/25, 60/40, 55/45, 50/50, 45/55, 40/60, 35/65, 30/70, 25/75, 20/80.
- the surfactant composition comprising in relative amounts 35% of the above sodium alkylsulfonate and 65% of the above sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate is particularly effective for the enhanced recovery of the subject oil, by means of the water in question.
- a hydrophilic sodium alkyl ester sulfonate compound of formula (I) is manufactured according to method A described above. This compound has the following characteristics:
- hydrophobic alkyl ester sulfonate compound of formula (II) is manufactured according to method A described above. This compound has the following characteristics:
- the mixture of these two surfactant compounds is tested in the presence of water containing 80 g / L of total salts.
- the respective optimum salinities of the two selected compounds frame the theoretical salinity value.
- Tests are then carried out to determine the relative proportions of the two constituents of the mixture.
- test tubes were filled with an isovolumetric mixture water / petroleum supplemented with a mixture of the two compounds in the respective weight ratios hydrophilic compound / hydrophobic compound 60/40; 55/45; 50/50; 48/52; 46/44; 44/46; 42/48; 40/60; 30/70. It is seen visually that the 40/60 ratio is that which makes it possible to obtain a Winsor 3 system, with optimum equal volumes of oil and water in the microemulsion phase.
- the surfactant composition comprising in relative amounts 40% of the above sodium alkyl sulfonate (I) and 60% of the above sodium alkyl sulfonate (II) is particularly effective for enhanced oil recovery. in question, using the water in question.
- Example 3
- sodium alkylsulfonate compound of formula (I), hydrophilic, described in Example 2 above, is used.
- hydrophobic alkyl ester sulfonate compound of formula (II) is manufactured according to method A described above. This compound has the following characteristics:
- the mixture of these two surfactant compounds is tested in the presence of water containing 80 g / L of total salts.
- the respective optimum salinities of the two selected compounds frame the theoretical salinity value.
- Tests are then carried out to determine the relative proportions of the two constituents of the mixture.
- test tubes were filled with an isovolumetric mixture of water and oil with a mixture of the two compounds in the respective weight ratios hydrophilic compound / hydrophobic compound: 75/25, 50/50, 45/55, 40 / 60, 35/65, 30/70, 25/75.
- ratio 50/50 is that which makes it possible to obtain a Winsor system 3, with optimum equal volumes of oil and water in the microemulsion phase.
- the surfactant composition comprising in relative amounts 50% of the above sodium alkyl sulfonate (1) and 50% of the above sodium (II) alkyl ester sulfonate is particularly effective for enhanced oil recovery. in question, using the water in question.
- Example 4 A hydrophilic sodium alkyl sulfonate compound (a) of formula (I) is manufactured according to method A described above. This compound has the following characteristics:
- a hydrophobic sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate compound of formula ( ⁇ ) is manufactured according to process B described above. This compound has the following characteristic:
- This compound is mixed in proportions 50/50 by weight with the sodium alkylbenzenesulphonate compound also obeying the formula II 'described in Example 1.
- the optimum salinity of this hydrophobic mixture b is 75 g / L.
- the mixture of compounds (a) and (b) is tested in the presence of water containing 80 g / L of total salts.
- the respective optimum salinities of the two hydrophilic and hydrophobic components selected frame well the theoretical salinity value.
- test tubes are filled with the iso-volumetric mixture of water / oil with a mixture of the compounds (a) and (b) in the respective weight ratios of the following hydrophilic compound (a) / hydrophobic compound (b). : 50/50, 60/40, 65/35, 70/30 75/25, 80/20.
- the ratio 70/30 is that which makes it possible to obtain a Winsor 3 system with, at optimum, equal volumes of oil and water in the microemulsion phase.
- the surfactant composition comprising in relative amounts 70% of the above sodium alkyl sulfonate is particularly effective for the enhanced recovery of the oil in question, by means of the water in question.
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Abstract
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2013
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- 2013-04-12 WO PCT/EP2013/057696 patent/WO2013156407A1/fr active Application Filing
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