WO2013149582A1 - Led工作模式控制装置 - Google Patents
Led工作模式控制装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013149582A1 WO2013149582A1 PCT/CN2013/073681 CN2013073681W WO2013149582A1 WO 2013149582 A1 WO2013149582 A1 WO 2013149582A1 CN 2013073681 W CN2013073681 W CN 2013073681W WO 2013149582 A1 WO2013149582 A1 WO 2013149582A1
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- led
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- led module
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
- H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
- H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an LED operating mode control device. Background technique
- LED light source As a fourth-generation lighting fixture that is green, energy-saving, energy-saving, and long-lived, LED light source has sprung up, attracted attention, and developed rapidly.
- the technology of direct current (DC) driving LED light source has become more and more mature. Since the power supply used in our daily lighting is high voltage AC (AC 100 ⁇ 220V), the buck technology must be used to obtain lower voltage.
- the transformer or switching power supply is stepped down, and then the alternating current (AC) is converted into direct current (DC) and then converted into a direct current constant current source to cause the LED light source to emit light. Therefore, the system application scheme of DC drive LED light source must be: Transformer + rectification (or switching power supply) + constant current source ( Figure 1).
- LED lamps must have a certain amount of space to house this module, but for E27 standard screw luminaires, the space is very limited and difficult to place. Whether it is via transformer + rectification or switching power supply step-down, the system will have a certain amount of loss. When the DC LED is switched between AC and DC, about 15% ⁇ 30% of the power is lost, and the system efficiency is difficult to achieve more than 90%. .
- the working principle of the AC LED light source is divided into five strings by using a staggered matrix arrangement process.
- the AC LED die string is similar to a rectifier bridge, and the two ends of the rectifier bridge are respectively connected to the AC.
- the other end is connected to a string of LED dies, the positive half of the alternating current flows along the blue path, the three strings of LED illuminate, the negative half cycle flows along the green path, and the three strings of LED illuminate, four bridge arms
- the LED dies on the upper side emit light, and the LED dies on the bridge arm emit light at the same time.
- the middle string of LED dies are always illuminated due to sharing. In 60 Hz AC, it will be lit at a frequency of 60 times per second.
- the DC obtained by the rectifier bridge is pulsating DC, and the LED illumination is also flashing.
- the LED has the characteristics of power-off afterglow, and the afterglow can be kept for tens of microseconds.
- the object of the invention is achieved in that it comprises: a rectifier circuit: a circuit for rectifying an alternating current source;
- LED module group It consists of one or more sets of LED modules connected in series.
- LED current limiting device a device connected between the rectifier circuit and the LED module group for limiting and stabilizing the operating current of the LED in the circuit;
- Threshold circuit a circuit connected between the rectifier circuit and the LED module for determining the voltage between the positive terminal of the rectifier circuit and the output of the LED module separately controlled by the threshold circuit, and controlling the LED of the LED module to be turned on and off. ;
- the DC drive mode is extremely susceptible to damage to the drive switching power supply at extremely high voltages.
- the loss of this scheme is mainly on the current limiting resistor, the voltage drop of the current limiting resistor is always controlled near the LED turn-on voltage drop, and the loss value is limited to an extremely low state.
- the life depends on the life of the LED. However, since the whole lamp efficiency is much lower than this case, the temperature of the LED is higher than this solution under the same luminous efficiency. Lead to shortened life.
- the driver part is completely semiconductorized, the current IC integration technology is used, and the cost is expected to be controlled within 1 yuan.
- the LED can be integrated twice, that is, the driver IC and the LED chip are bonded on the same ceramic substrate. Occupy the space of the lamp, and the heat dissipation with the LED, the cost of the whole lamp can be greatly reduced, and the competitiveness of the product is greatly improved.
- the drive cost is composed of a high-power current-limiting resistor and a thermistor, and the cost is extremely low.
- the high cost of the high-performance switch drive power greatly affects the cost performance of the whole lamp. High-efficiency drives even account for 15-20% of the cost of the entire lamp
- the entire drive is less than a dime coin, and it can be integrated with the LED twice, and its occupied space can be neglected.
- LED manufacturers and luminaire manufacturers do not need to select the LED's turn-on voltage, which can greatly reduce the cost of LEDs.
- the difference in turn-on voltage causes current balance between the groups, and the balance resistance is increased to increase the loss.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- An LED working mode control device characterized in that:
- Rectifier circuit A circuit for rectifying an AC power source
- LED module group It consists of one or more sets of LED modules connected in series.
- LED current limiting device a device connected between the rectifier circuit and the LED module group for limiting and stabilizing the operating current of the LED in the circuit;
- Threshold circuit connected between the rectifier circuit and the LED module, used to judge the voltage between the positive terminal of the rectifier circuit and the output of the LED module separately controlled by the threshold circuit, and control the lighting of the LED in the LED module. Extinguished circuit;
- the LED module includes a first switch that controls lighting and extinguishing of the LED, a first resistor capable of limiting a driving current and a voltage of the first switch, and a plurality of LEDs connected in series or in parallel; the opening and closing of the first switch Off is controlled by the threshold circuit.
- Each LED module is controlled by a single threshold circuit, that is, the threshold circuit and the LED module are in one-to-one correspondence, and the threshold circuit can determine the output voltage of the rectifier circuit minus the tired of the LED module that has been illuminated. Whether the voltage after the forward voltage drop is greater than the forward voltage accumulated value of the unlit LED in the LED module corresponding to the threshold circuit, and only when the voltage is greater than when the first switch is connected in parallel with the LED in the LED module, The LED of the LED module is illuminated.
- the maximum allowable number of LEDs is determined by the withstand voltage of the first switch.
- the specific relationship is that the withstand voltage of the first switch divided by the forward voltage drop of a single LED takes the integer, which is the maximum allowable number of LEDs in the LED module. Since the number of LEDs defines the highest voltage across the first switch, in the case of a small number of LEDs, the withstand voltage requirement of the first switch is very low, which greatly reduces the requirements on the semiconductor device, and the cost is reduced. At the same time, the reliability is greatly improved.
- the threshold circuit is a circuit including a second switch and a voltage comparator, and the second switch is turned from a disconnection to a short circuit when the voltage comparator in the threshold circuit is turned on, and is in a second
- the short circuit of the switch drives the first switch in the LED module to change from short circuit to open.
- the LED of the LED module is illuminated;
- the voltage comparator can be a Zener diode and has a second resistor in series, The negative pole of the diode is connected to the positive pole of the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the positive pole of the Zener diode is connected to the control end of the second switch of the threshold circuit;
- the voltage comparator can also be an operational amplifier circuit with a voltage comparison function.
- the input of the second switch is connected to the control end of the first switch, and the output of the second switch is connected to the output of the first switch.
- the input end of the first switch in the LED module is connected to the positive pole of the LED
- the output end of the first switch is connected to the negative pole of the LED
- the first switch control end is connected to the input end of the second switch in the threshold circuit
- the first switch control The terminal is also connected to the positive terminal of the output end of the rectifier circuit
- the first resistor is located between the first switch control terminal and the positive terminal of the rectifier circuit output terminal.
- the current limiting device is a resistor or a circuit with a current limiting function. The input end of the current limiting device is connected to the anode of the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the output end of the current limiting device is connected to the anode of the LED input terminal of the LED module.
- the negative terminal at the output of the rectifier circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the LED in the LED module.
- the first switch and the second switch are a transistor, a Darlington tube, a MOS tube, or a single tube and a composite tube having a switching function formed by a combination of a transistor and a MOS tube.
- the LEDs in the LED module can increase the power by increasing the number of LEDs by connecting in parallel and simultaneously increasing the current limiting specification of the current limiting device.
- the first switch, the first resistor, the second switch, the voltage comparator, and the like in each LED module can be integrated into one small IC, and then the IC and the LED group can be packaged one by one.
- the power supply is invisible, and the external device is only a rectifier circuit and a current limiting resistor; it is very suitable for the development of long strips, lamps and other products. If multiple small ICs are integrated together, they can be directly applied to the bulb product, and even the rectifier circuit and the current limiter can be integrated together, which will completely change the design idea and structure of the LED bulb, and also because of the IC.
- the semiconductor device withstand voltage value and low, IC cost has been significantly reduced, will greatly accelerate the popularity of LED lighting products, creating huge social and economic benefits.
- connection relationship is as follows:
- the rectifier circuit is bridge rectifier, the input terminal of the positive terminal is connected to the current limiting device, and the first resistor of each LED module and the negative electrode of the Zener diode of each threshold circuit are connected to point C; the negative terminal of the rectifier circuit is Vin- and finally The outputs of a group of LED modules are connected.
- CL20 is a current limiting device.
- the input terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the rectified output terminal, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the LED in the first LED module.
- the LED module is composed of an LED, a first switch Q1 and a first resistor R1, wherein the first resistor R1 is connected to the control terminal base of the first switch Q1 and the input terminal of the second switch Q2 in the threshold circuit;
- the input terminal of the first switch Q1 is connected to the input end of the LED, and the output end is connected to the output end of the LED and the output end of the second switch, that is, the emitter of Q2.
- the threshold circuit is composed of a Zener diode ZD, a second resistor R2, and a second switch Q2.
- the voltage regulator tube and the second resistor are connected in series and then connected to the base of the control terminal of the second switch.
- the input of the LED group of the Ni group is connected to the LED output of the M-1 group, and the output of the LED group of the M group is connected to the LED input of the Ni+1 group, so that the LED modules are connected in series with each other; The output of the module is connected to the negative terminal Vin- of the rectifier circuit output.
- the AC is 220V AC, and after bridge rectification, it outputs 100HZ ripple voltage Vin+ and the negative pole is Vin -.
- Vin+ is connected to the input terminal of the constant current device CL20 as point c, and is connected to the threshold circuit input terminals C1-C35 of the LED module.
- the C point is simultaneously passed through the first resistors R1 R R35 of each module and the first switch Q1- of each module.
- the base of the control terminal of 1-Q1-35 and the collector of the input of the second switch Q2-l ⁇ Q2-35 of each module are connected; the input terminal of the first switch Ql-1 ⁇ Ql-35 and each module
- the input ends of the LED groups are connected, and the output end emitters of the first switches Ql-1 ⁇ Ql-35 are connected to the output end emitters of the second switches Q2-l ⁇ Q2-35 and the output ends of the LED groups in each module;
- the input of the LED group of the Ni group is connected to the LED output of the M-1 group, and the output of the LED group of the Ni group is connected to the LED input of the Ni+1 group, so that the LED modules are connected to each other; the C point and the LED module are
- the Zener diodes ZD1 ⁇ ZD35 with the second resistors R2-l ⁇ R2-35 connected in series are connected between the control bases of the second switch Q2-l ⁇ Q2-35; the output terminals of the LEDs of the last LED module are Vin-connected.
- the number of LEDs in each LED module is 3, and the accumulated voltage drop is about 9V.
- ZD1 ⁇ ZD35 should use at least the voltage regulator with a voltage regulation value above 12V.
- AC 220V rectified pulsating voltage, peak value is about 320V, before the ripple voltage rises from 0 to 9V, the circuit current is zero.
- the Vin voltage is turned on by R1-35 to drive Q1-35.
- the first switches Ql-1 ⁇ Ql-35 in each module are all saturated, the electric energy is only consumed in the constant current device CL20, when the ripple voltage rises above 19V, the ZD35 is turned on, the second switch of the N35 is turned on, and the first switch is controlled.
- This embodiment is suitable for an AC 120V 3W LED lamp.
- connection relationship is as follows:
- the rectifier circuit is bridge rectifier, the input terminal of the output positive current limiting device and the first resistor of each LED module and the negative electrode of the Zener diode of each threshold circuit are connected to point C; each LED module is connected in series with another 26 LEDs Continue serial connection, the rectifier circuit output negative Vin- is connected to the negative pole of the last LED.
- CL20 is a current limiting device.
- the input terminal is connected to the positive output of the rectifier circuit, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the LED in the first LED module.
- the LED module is composed of an LED, a first switch Q1 and a first resistor R1, wherein the first resistor R1 is connected to the control terminal base of the first switch Q1 and the input terminal of the second switch Q2 in the threshold circuit;
- the input terminal of the first switch Q1 is connected to the input end of the LED, and the output end is connected to the output end of the LED and the output end of the second switch, that is, the emitter of Q2.
- the threshold circuit is composed of a Zener diode ZD, a second resistor R2, and a second switch Q2. Regulator And the second resistor is connected in series and then connected to the base of the control terminal of the second switch.
- the input of the LED group of the M group is connected with the LED output of the M-1 group, and the output of the LED group of the M group is connected with the LED input of the M+1 group, so that the LED modules are connected in series with each other; the last group of LEDs
- the output of the module is connected to the positive terminal of the 26 series LED group, and the negative terminal of the output of the LED group is connected to the negative terminal Vin- of the rectifier circuit.
- Fig. 2 26 LEDs are connected in series between the output of the LED module closest to the Vin-side and Vin-, so that the LED does not emit light until the ripple voltage obtained by the rectification rises to 78V.
- the working principle is the same as in Example 1.
- Each module is connected in series with 3 LEDs, and the voltage drop is 9V.
- the LED is lit at a very low voltage, since it is lit during the entire AC cycle, the average current cannot exceed the specification value of 20 mA, otherwise the life is shortened; and for the LED that is lit at the latest, due to the lighting time Very short, 20mA current can't reach the ideal brightness. To achieve the ideal brightness, the current must be increased. This is inconsistent with the operating current of the LED that is lit at low voltage can't exceed 20mA. In order to reduce such contradictions, let all LEDs be balanced as much as possible. One way is to make the LED's illumination time as close as possible, so that a higher current can be set so that the late-illuminated LED can increase the brightness without causing early illumination. The operating current of the LED exceeds the standard. Another benefit of the above solution is that the number of control chips used in LED luminaires is reduced, further reducing costs.
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种LED工作模式控制装置,由用于整流交流电源的整流电路、 LED模块组、连接于整流电路和所述的LED模块组之间的、用来限制和稳定电路中LED的工作电流的LED限流装置以及连接于整流电路和LED模块之间,用来判断整流电路输出端正极与门限电路单独控制的LED模块输出端之间的电压,并控制LED模块中的LED的点亮和熄灭的门限电路4个部分构成;本发明具有耐压高、高效率、长寿命等诸多优点。
Description
LED工作模式控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种 LED工作模式控制装置。 背景技术
LED光源作为绿色、 节能、 省电、 长寿命的第四代照明灯具而异军突起、广 受关注、 如火如荼地迅速发展。 目前的 LED光源是低电压 (VF=2→3. 6V ) 、 大 电流 (IF=200→1500mA) 工作的半导体器件, 必须提供合适的直流流才能正常 发光。 直流 (DC ) 驱动 LED光源发光的技术已经越来越成熟, 由于我们日常照 明使用的电源是高压交流 (AC 100〜220V ) , 所以必须使用降压的技术来获得 较低的电压, 常用的是变压器或开关电源降压, 然后将交流 (AC ) 变换成直流 (DC ) , 再变换成直流恒流源, 才能促使 LED光源发光。 因此直流驱动 LED光 源的系统应用方案必然是: 变压器 +整流 (或开关电源) +恒流源 (图 1 ) 。
LED灯具里必然要有一定的空间来安置这个模块, 但是对于 E27标准螺口的 灯具来说空间十分有限,很难安置。无论是经由变压器 +整流或是开关电源降压, 系统都会有一定量的损耗, DC LED在交流、 直流之间转换时约 15%〜30%的电力 被损耗, 系统效率很难做到 90%以上。 参考 AC LED光源的工作原理参见图 3, 将一堆 LED微小晶粒采用交错的矩 阵式排列工艺均分为五串, AC LED晶粒串组成类似一个整流桥, 整流桥的两端 分别联接交流源, 另两端联接一串 LED晶粒, 交流的正半周沿蓝色通路流动, 3 串 LED晶粒发光, 负半周沿绿色通路流动, 又有 3串 LED晶粒发光, 四个桥臂
上的 LED晶粒轮番发光, 相对桥臂上的 LED晶粒同时发光, 中间一串 LED晶粒 因共用而一直在发光。 在 60Hz的交流中会以每秒 60次的频率轮替点亮。 整流桥取得的直流是脉 动直流, LED的发光也是闪动的, LED有断电余辉续光的特性, 余辉可保持几十 微秒, 因人眼对流动光点记忆是有惰性的, 结果人眼对 LED光源的发光 +余辉的 工作模式解读是连续在发光。 LED有一半时间在工作, 有一半时间在休息, 因而 发热得以减少 40%〜20%。 因此 AC LED的使用寿命较 DC LED长。 但由于个数大 幅度增加, 导致成本上升。 目前阶段的 AC LED还有两个缺点, 其一是接近一半的 LED只在交流电的 半个周期工作, 利用率低, 发光效率并没有 DC LED高; 由于在每个半周当中 还只能在电压高过一定值时才开始导通发光, 发光亮度、 功率提升都受到限制。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐压高、 发光效率高的 LED工作模式控制装置。 本发明的目的是这样实现的: 它包括: 整流电路: 用于整流交流电源的电路;
(2) LED模块组: 由一组或一组以上依次串联的 LED模块构成,
(3 ) LED限流装置: 连接于整流电路和所述的 LED模块组之间的、 用来限制 和稳定电路中 LED的工作电流的装置;
门限电路: 连接于整流电路和 LED模块之间, 用来判断整流电路输出端正极与 门限电路单独控制的 LED模块输出端之间的电压, 并控制 LED模块中的 LED 的点亮和熄灭的电路;
本发明的目的实现了以下优点:
1、 可实现耐压高
在 LED颗数足够的情况下, 比如 150颗串联, 就可承受 450V以上的高压, 确保其使用的安全性。
AC驱动方式中这是不可思议的。 AC驱动方式, 如果串联颗数太多, LED 的导通时间将进一步减小, 而且 AC电压偏低时就无法工作, 彻底熄灭。
而 DC驱动方式在极高压的情况下, 极易导致驱动开关电源损坏。
2、 可实现高效率
由于该方案的损耗主要在限流电阻上,而限流电阻的压降始终被控制在 LED 导通压降附近, 损耗值也就被限定在极低状态。
假定 LED压降为 3V, 导通电流 20mA,那么总的损耗 P=3*0.02=0.06w,在 310V的脉动电压情况下, 可有 103颗 LED被顺序电亮, 估算 LED发光功率可 达到 Peffect=(310/1.414)*0.02
4.4W,效率 =4·4/(4·4+0·06)=98·6%
对 AC驱动而言, 一般启动点设置在 150V, 由于导通时间短, 电流假定设 为 20Ma,总损耗 P=( (310-150) /1.414)*0.02=2.26W,有效功率 Pe=150V*0.02=3W, 效率 =3/ (3+2.26) =57%
远远低于本案的效率
对 DC驱动而言, 由于高效开关恒流电源的配合, 能做到 90%的效率已经 是奢望了, 而且成本也极高, 大大限制了产品的推广。
3、 可轻松实现高功率
将上图中各组的 LED采用多组并联并提高限流电阻的限制即可轻松提升灯 具的功率, 对控制电路无需改变, 最多就是限流电阻的功率加大一些或者散热 更好一些。 从上述效率计算可以看出, 该方案的效率与工作电流无关, 提升电 流、 加大整灯功率不会影响效率。
对 AC方案而言, 在效率不高的情况下如果要加大整灯功率就相当困难,发 热、 散热、 可靠性将是极大的挑战。
对 DC驱动而言, 最大的困难在驱动电源变压器、 电感、 电解电容等器件的 加大, 成本、 温升、 可靠性也是极大的挑战。
4、 长寿命
由于本案全部实现半导体驱动, 驱动部分寿命甚至超过 LED本身寿命, 所 以整灯寿命就是 LED的最长寿命
对 AC驱动, 由于驱动部分只是限流电阻, 所以起寿命也取决于 LED的寿 命, 但是, 由于整灯效率比本案要低很多, 所以相同发光效率的情况下 LED的 温度要比本方案高, 导致寿命縮短。
对 DC驱动而言,其寿命基本取决于驱动电源,特别是驱动电源中的电解电 容寿命很有限, 而且元件点数的增加导致故障率大幅上升, 所以目前 DC LED 灯具的市场反馈基本是感觉不到长寿命, 甚至比成熟的普通灯具还要短命很多 就是这个原因。
5、 可实现超低成本
由于驱动部分实现完全的半导体化, 采用目前的 IC集成技术, 上量后成本 有望控制在 1元以内, 可与 LED实现 2次集成, 即将驱动 IC及 LED芯片邦定 在同一陶瓷基板上, 不占用灯具空间, 与 LED同步散热, 整灯成本得以大幅度 下降, 大大提高产品的竞争力。
对 AC驱动, 驱动成本为大功率限流电阻和热敏电阻构成, 成本也极低。 对 DC驱动,由于高性能开关驱动电源的高成本,极大地影响整灯的性价比。 高效率的驱动甚至占去整灯成本的 15-20%
6、 轻松满足 EMC
由于没有高频开关电路、 没有电感器件, 电路完全工作在类电阻状态, 不会 对电网和周围空间产生任何高频干扰。
对 AC驱动, 情况类似, 也无需 EMC对策
对 DC驱动而言, 解决 EMC问题一直是一个艰巨的工作, 稍微一点变更, 就需要重新对策、 开发新部品, 极大地影响产品开发进度和成本控制。
7、 驱动体积无形化, 不影响整灯结构设计
由于 IC技术的采用, 整个驱动不足一颗一角钱的硬币, 并且可以和 LED二 次集成化, 其所占用空间可以忽略。
对 AC驱动而言, 由于限流电阻功率大以及热敏电阻无法集成,还是需要考 虑他们的安装空间。
对 DC而言, 开关驱动电源的安装始终是一个大问题, 要考虑外形尺寸、三 热、 安全、 EMC等等因素, 既影响灯具外观设计又影响成本, 始终是劳心费神 的事情
8、 使用灵活性极强, 便于推广
通过简单设置即可适应不同特性的 LED, LED厂家和灯具厂家不需要对 LED 的导通电压进行挑选, 这也可大大降低 LED的成本。
对 AC驱动,根据不同的 LED导通压降要匹配不同的限流电阻和热敏电阻, 使用不方便、 成本上升。
对 DC驱动,导通电压差异回导致各组之间电流平衡,并为此增加平衡电阻, 增加损耗。
9、 轻松实现高功率因数
由于不断跟踪输入电压并始终保持稳定的电流, 随着输入电压的升高提高功 率、 随着电压的下降降低功率, 几乎呈现电阻的特性, 完全没有功率因数的问
题并且接近 1, 对电网不产生任何不良影响。 附图说明
图 1本发明实施例 1的结构示意图; 图 2本发明实施例 2的结构示意图。
具体实施方式 本发明主要包括:
1、 一种 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于: 它包括:
( 1 ) 整流电路: 用于整流交流电源的电路;
(2) LED模块组: 由一组或一组以上依次串联的 LED模块构成,
(3 ) LED限流装置: 连接于整流电路和所述的 LED模块组之间的、 用来限制 和稳定电路中 LED的工作电流的装置;
(4) 门限电路: 连接于整流电路和 LED模块之间, 用来判断整流电路输出端 正极与门限电路单独控制的 LED模块输出端之间的电压,并控制 LED模块中的 LED的点亮和熄灭的电路;
其中所述的 LED模块包含控制 LED点亮和熄灭的第一开关、能够限制第一 开关驱动电流和电压大小的第一电阻以及若干个串联或并联的 LED; 所述的第 一开关的开与关由门限电路控制。
每一个 LED模块由单独一个门限电路进行控制,即门限电路和 LED模块一 一对应, 所述的门限电路能够判断整流电路输出电压减去已发光 LED模块的累
加正向压降后的电压是否大于该门限电路对应控制的 LED模块中未点亮的 LED 的正向电压累加值,只有大于时才断开与该 LED模块中的 LED并联的第一开关, 该 LED模块的 LED才被点亮。
LED的允许最大个数由第一开关的耐压值决定, 具体关系为第一开关的耐 压值除以单个 LED的正向压降取整数即是该 LED模块中 LED的允许最大个数。 由于 LED的个数限定了第一开关两端的最高电压, 在 LED个数较少的情况下, 第一开关的耐压要求就很低, 这大大降低了对半导体器件的要求, 成本得到下 降的同时可靠性也大大提高。
所述的门限电路为包含有第二开关和电压比较器的电路, 所述的第二开关 在门限电路中的电压比较器导通时, 第二开关从断开变为短路, 并以第二开关 的短路去驱动 LED模块中的第一开关从短路变为断开, 此时, 该 LED模块的 LED才被点亮; 上述电压比较器可以是稳压二极管并串联有第二电阻, 稳压二 极管的负极连接于整流电路输出端的正极, 稳压二极管的正极连接门限电路第 二开关的控制端; 电压比较器还可以是具有电压比较功能的运放电路。 第二开 关的输入端与第一开关的控制端相连, 第二开关的输出端与第一开关输出端相 连。
LED模块中的第一开关的输入端与 LED的正极相连,第一开关的输出端与 LED的负极相连, 第一开关控制端与门限电路中的第二开关的输入端相连, 第 一开关控制端还与整流电路输出端的正极相连, 第一电阻位于第一开关控制端 与整流电路输出端的正极之间。
由于 LED模块存在两组以上的情况, 两组 LED模块为串联关系, 两组及以 上的 LED模块的连接关系为: 任意一组 LED模块中 LED输入端正极连接相邻 一组 LED模块中 LED输出端负极。
限流装置为电阻或具有限流功能的电路, 限流装置输入端与整流电路输出 端的正极相连, 限流装置的输出端与 LED模块中的 LED输入端正极相连。
整流电路输出端的负极与 LED模块中 LED的负极相连。 一般来说: 所述的第一开关和第二开关为晶体管、 达林顿管、 MOS管或者 由晶体管、 MOS管组合形成的具有开关功能的单管和复合管。
所述的 LED模块中的 LED可通过并联连接并同时提高限流装置的限流规格 来实现 LED个数增加提升功率。
实际应用中, 可以将每个 LED模块中的第一开关、 第一电阻、 第二开关、 电压比较器等集成为一颗小 IC, 再将 IC与 LED组一一对应封装在一起就可以 实现电源隐形, 外部只有整流电路和限流电阻等器件; 非常适合长条形灯条、 灯管等产品的开发。 而如果将多个这样的小 IC集成在一起, 就可以直接应用于 灯泡产品, 甚至可将整流电路和限流器一起集成在一起, 这将彻底改变 LED灯 泡的设计思路和结构, 而且由于 IC当中的半导体器件耐压值和低, IC成本得到 显著下降,将大大加快 LED灯具产品的普及,创造巨大的社会效益和经济效益。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行说明
实施例 1
如图 1所示: 其连接关系如下:
1、 整流电路为桥式整流, 输出端正极接限流装置的输入端及各 LED模块中第 一电阻和各门限电路的稳压二极管负极连接成为 C点;整流电路输出端负极 Vin- 与最后一组 LED模块的输出端连接。
2、 CL20为限流装置。 其输入端与整流输出端正极相连, 输出端与第一个 LED 模块中 LED的输入端相连。
3、 各 LED模块由 LED、 第一开关 Ql和第一电阻 Rl构成, 其中第一电阻 R1 与第一开关 Q1的控制端基极及门限电路中的第二开关 Q2的输入端集电极相 连; 第一开关 Q1的输入端集电极与 LED的输入端相连, 输出端与 LED的输出 端及第二开关的输出端即 Q2的发射极相连。
4、 门限电路由稳压二极管 ZD 、 第二电阻 R2、 第二开关 Q2构成。 其中稳压管 和第二电阻串联后接第二开关的控制端基极。
5、 Ni组的 LED组输入端与 M-1组的 LED输出端相连, M组的 LED组输出端 与 Ni+1组的 LED输入端相连, 如此各 LED模块互相串联连接;最后一组 LED 模块的输出端与整流电路输出端负极 Vin-连接。
下面介绍其工作原理:
AC为 220V交流,经桥式整流后输出 100HZ的脉动电压 Vin+,负极为 Vin -。
Vin+与恒流器 CL20的输入端相连为 c点, 并与 LED模块的门限电路输入端 C1-C35相连, C点同时经各模块的第一电阻 R1~R35与各模块的第一开关 Q1-1-Q1-35的控制端基极以及各模块中第二开关 Q2-l~Q2-35的输入端集电极 相连; 第一开关 Ql-l~Ql-35的输入端集电极与各模块中 LED组的输入端相连, 第一开关 Ql-l~Ql-35的输出端发射极与第二开关 Q2-l~Q2-35的输出端发射极 以及各模块中的 LED组的输出端相连; Ni组的 LED组输入端与 M-1组的 LED 输出端相连, Ni组的 LED组输出端与 Ni+1组的 LED输入端相连,如此各 LED 模块互相连接; C点与各 LED模块的第二开关 Q2-l~Q2-35的控制断基极之间 分别接有串联了第二电阻 R2-l~R2-35的稳压二极管 ZD1~ZD35;最后一个 LED 模块的 LED的输出端与 Vin-相连。 图中各 LED模块中 LED的个数均为 3个, 累计压降约 9V, 考虑恒流器的最低工作电压约 2V, 所以 ZD1~ZD35至少选用 稳压值 12V以上的稳压管,假设第一开关的饱和压降为 0.2v, 35个第一开关导通
至少产生 7V压降, 所以 ZD35的稳压值最佳为 12+7=19V。
交流电 220V经整流后的脉动电压, 峰值约 320V, 当脉动电压从 0上升到 9V前, 电路电流为零, 当脉动电压继续上升, 到达 19V前, Vin电压经 R1-35 驱动 Q1-35导通, 各模块中的第一开关 Ql-l~Ql-35全部饱和, 电能只消耗在恒 流器 CL20, 脉动电压上升超过 19V时, ZD35导通, N35的第二开关导通, 控 制第一开关进入截止状态, 电流流过 N35的 LED发光, 之后随着 Vin电压继续 上升,每上升 9V,就多一组 LED发光,发光顺序依次为 N34、N33、N32、 N1, 只要电压足够高, N1就会发光。 Vin到达最高值后开始往下降, 随着电压的下 降, 各组 LED又会依次熄灭, 顺序为 Nl、 N2、 N3 N35。 实施例 2
该实施例适用于交流 120V 3WLED灯。
如图 2所示: 其连接关系如下:
1、 整流电路为桥式整流, 输出正极接限流装置的输入端及各 LED模块中第一 电阻和各门限电路的稳压二极管负极连接成为 C点; 各 LED模块串联后与另外 26颗 LED继续串联, 整流电路输出负极 Vin-与最后一颗 LED的负极连接。
2、 CL20为限流装置。其输入端与整流电路输出正极相连,输出端与第一个 LED 模块中 LED的输入端相连。
3、 各 LED模块由 LED、 第一开关 Q1和第一电阻 R1构成, 其中第一电阻 R1 与第一开关 Q1的控制端基极及门限电路中的第二开关 Q2的输入端集电极相 连; 第一开关 Q1的输入端集电极与 LED的输入端相连, 输出端与 LED的输出 端及第二开关的输出端即 Q2的发射极相连。
4、 门限电路由稳压二极管 ZD 、 第二电阻 R2、 第二开关 Q2构成。 其中稳压管
和第二电阻串联后接第二开关的控制端基极。
5、 M组的 LED组输入端与 M-1组的 LED输出端相连, M组的 LED组输出端 与 M+1组的 LED输入端相连, 如此各 LED模块互相串联连接;最后一组 LED 模块的输出端与 26颗串联 LED组的输入端正极相连, LED组的输出端负极与 整流电路输出负极 Vin-连接。
在图 2中在最靠近 Vin-端的 LED模块的输出端与 Vin-之间串联了 26颗 LED, 这样, 当整流后得到的脉动电压上升到 78V前, LED都不会发光。 当电压超过 78V之后, 工作原理与实例 1相同。 各模块都是 3颗 LED串联, 压降 9V, 各模 块中第一开关的饱和压降累计为 9*0.2=1.8V,所以 ZD1-ZD9选用稳压值 =9+1.8=11.8V以上, 比如 13V, 当脉动电压上升到 81V时, M9的 ZD9导通, 第二开关 Q2-9饱和, 控制第一开关 Q1-9截止, 电流流过 M9的 LED发光。 同 样, 随着脉动电压的逐步上升, M9、 M8、。。。。。 Ml都会陆续发光, 能否全部被 点亮, 取决交流电压是否足够高。 经过使用 26个直接串联的 LED, 使得限流器 的电流规格可以大幅度提高, 由于占空比变小, 所以平均电流不会超出 LED的 规格又可以提高亮度, 效率也得到进一步提升。
这样设置能够实现以下好处:
如果在很低电压时就将 LED点亮, 由于在整个交流电周期中都亮着, 其平 均电流不能超过 20mA的规格值, 否则寿命縮短; 而对于最迟被点亮的 LED, 由于点亮时间很短, 20mA的电流无法使其达到理想亮度, 要达到理想亮度就必 须提高电流, 这与低压时点亮的 LED的工作电流不能超过 20mA产生矛盾。 为 减少这样的矛盾,让所有的 LED发光尽量平衡,办法之一就是让 LED的发光时 间尽量接近, 这样就可以设置一个较高的电流让迟发光的 LED提高亮度又可以 不至于导致早发光的 LED的工作电流超标。
上述方案的另一个好处是在 LED灯具产品上, 使用控制芯片的个数降低, 进一步降低成本。
Claims
1、 一种 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于: 它包括:
( 1 )整流电路: 用于整流交流电源的电路;
(2) LED模块组: 由一组或一组以上依次串联的 LED模块构成,
(3 ) LED限流装置: 连接于整流电路和所述的 LED模块组之间的、 用来限制 和稳定电路中 LED的工作电流的装置;
(4) 门限电路: 连接于整流电路和 LED模块之间, 用来判断整流电路输出端 正极与门限电路单独控制的 LED模块输出端之间的电压,并控制 LED模块中的 LED的点亮和熄灭的电路。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于: 所述的 LED 模块包含控制 LED点亮和熄灭的第一开关、 能够限制第一开关驱动电流和电压 大小的第一电阻以及若干个串联或并联的 LED; 所述的第一开关的开与关由门 限电路控制。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于: 每一个 LED 模块由单独一个门限电路进行控制, 所述的门限电路能够判断整流电路输出电 压减去已发光 LED模块的累加正向压降后的电压是否大于该门限电路对应控制 的 LED模块中未点亮的 LED的正向电压累加值, 只有大于时才断开与该 LED 模块中的 LED并联的第一开关, 该 LED模块的 LED才被点亮。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的的 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于: 第一开关 的耐压值除以单个 LED的正向压降取整数即是该 LED模块中 LED的允许最大 个数。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于:
所述的门限电路为包含有第二开关和电压比较器的电路, 所述的第二开关在门
替换页 (细则笫 26条) 限电路中的电压比较器启动时, 第二开关从断开变为短路, 并以第二开关的短 路去驱动 LED模块中的第一开关从短路变为断开, 此时, 该 LED模块的 LED 才被点亮; 电压比较器串联有第二电阻, 电压比较器的输入端连接于整流电路 输出端的正极, 电压比较器的输出端连接门限电路第二开关的控制端; 第二开 关的输入端与第一开关的控制端相连, 第二开关的输出端与第一开关输出端相 连。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于: LED模块中 的第一开关的输入端与 LED的正极相连,第一开关的输出端与 LED的负极相连, 第一开关控制端与门限电路中的第二开关的输入端相连, 第一开关控制端还与 整流电路输出端的正极相连, 第一电阻位于第一开关控制端与整流电路输出端 的正极之间。
7、 根据权利要求 2所述的 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于:
两组及以上的 LED模块的连接关系为: 任意一组 LED模块中 LED输入端正极 连接相邻一组 LED模块中 LED输出端负极。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于: 限流装置为 电阻或具有限流功能的电路, 限流装置输入端与整流电路输出端的正极相连, 限流装置的输出端与 LED模块中的 LED输入端正极相连。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的 LED工作模式控制装置, 其特征在于: 整流电路输 出端的负极与 LED模块中 LED的负极相连。
替换页 (细则第 26条)
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CN101466184A (zh) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-06-24 | 株式会社小糸制作所 | 车辆用灯具的点灯控制装置 |
CN202503745U (zh) * | 2012-04-07 | 2012-10-24 | 林耀 | Led工作模式控制装置 |
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