WO2013145756A1 - 通信装置、通信装置を有する電力管理システム、及び通信装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
通信装置、通信装置を有する電力管理システム、及び通信装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013145756A1 WO2013145756A1 PCT/JP2013/002129 JP2013002129W WO2013145756A1 WO 2013145756 A1 WO2013145756 A1 WO 2013145756A1 JP 2013002129 W JP2013002129 W JP 2013002129W WO 2013145756 A1 WO2013145756 A1 WO 2013145756A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
- H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/40—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/60—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for transmitting utility meters data, i.e. transmission of data from the reader of the utility meter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
- H04Q2209/82—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data
- H04Q2209/823—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data where the data is sent when the measured values exceed a threshold, e.g. sending an alarm
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication device that acquires the amount of electricity consumed by a power load and transmits it to a parent device, a power management system having the parent device and the communication device, and a control method for the communication device.
- HEMS Home Energy Management System
- standards such as IEEE802.11 specify transmission modes with high error tolerance such as BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), but standards such as IEEE802.15.4 have a single transmission mode, so communication The transmission mode cannot be changed according to the quality.
- standards such as IEEE802.11 specify transmission modes with high error tolerance such as BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), but standards such as IEEE802.15.4 have a single transmission mode, so communication The transmission mode cannot be changed according to the quality.
- BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
- an object of the present invention made in view of the above problems is to provide a communication device, a power management system, and a communication device control method capable of reliably transmitting electric quantity data of a power load to a parent device. It is to provide.
- an acquisition unit that acquires data on the amount of electricity from a power load and a control signal for controlling the amount of electricity consumed by the plurality of power loads are wirelessly transmitted.
- a communication unit that wirelessly transmits a packet including the acquired data of the amount of electricity to the parent device to be transmitted, and a first mode in which the communication unit wirelessly transmits the packet to the parent device by specifying a destination of the packet
- the operation of the communication unit is switched to the second mode in which the packet is wirelessly transmitted without specifying the destination of the packet.
- a communication device having a control unit.
- the amount of electricity of the power load is, for example, the amount of electricity consumed by the power load.
- the communication unit wirelessly transmits the packet at a frequency equal to or higher than that of the first mode and with a transmission power equal to or higher than that of the first mode.
- the control unit increases the transmission power when the communication unit is operating in the second mode, and performs an operation of the communication unit when a predetermined time has elapsed.
- the packet is switched to a third mode in which the packet is wirelessly transmitted at a frequency lower than that of the second mode, at a frequency equal to or higher than that of the first mode, and at a transmission power equal to or lower than that of the second mode.
- the control unit receives the packet wirelessly transmitted by another communication device even when the data of the electric quantity equal to or greater than the first reference value is acquired.
- the operation of the communication unit is switched to a third mode in which the packet is wirelessly transmitted at a frequency lower than the second mode, at a frequency equal to or higher than the first mode, and at a transmission power equal to or lower than the second mode.
- control unit is a packet indicating that another child device has received the transmitted packet when the communication unit is operating in the second mode.
- the communication unit operates to transmit the packet at a frequency lower than that of the second mode and higher than that of the first mode even before the predetermined time has elapsed. Switch to 3 mode.
- control unit when the control unit acquires data of the electric quantity equal to or greater than a second reference value when the communication unit is operating in the third mode. Then, the operation of the communication unit is switched to the second mode.
- control unit decreases the first reference value when the communication unit receives the packet wirelessly transmitted in the second mode.
- control unit transmits the packet wirelessly transmitted in the second mode by another communication device when the communication unit is operating in the first mode.
- the operation of the communication unit causes the packet to be lower than the second mode and equal to or higher than the first mode.
- the mode is switched to the third mode for transmission at a frequency.
- the second mode is a mode in which the packet is transmitted by broadcast
- the third mode is a mode in which the packet is transmitted by multicast or unicast.
- a communication system having the master unit and a communication device is provided.
- the solution of the present invention has been described as an apparatus.
- the present invention can be realized as a method, a program, and a storage medium that stores the program substantially corresponding to these, and the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that these are also included.
- each step of the method or program uses an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU or a DSP as necessary in data processing, and the input data, processed / generated data, etc. are stored in an HDD, memory, etc. Is stored in the storage device.
- a method for controlling a communication device that implements the present invention as a method is a method for wirelessly transmitting a control signal for controlling the amount of electricity of a plurality of power loads in a power management system that manages the amount of electricity consumed by the power load.
- a power management system that includes a communication device capable of wireless communication with a parent device and manages the amount of electricity consumed by a power load.
- the base unit wirelessly transmits a control signal for controlling the amount of electricity consumed by a plurality of power loads, and the communication device acquires an amount of electricity data from the power load;
- a communication unit that wirelessly transmits a packet including the acquired data of the amount of electricity, and the communication unit is operating in a first mode in which a destination of the packet is specified and wirelessly transmitted to the parent device,
- a control unit that switches the operation of the communication unit to a second mode in which wireless transmission is performed without designating a destination of the packet when data of the amount of electricity equal to or greater than a first reference value is acquired.
- the electric quantity data of the electric power load can be reliably transmitted to the parent device, and the electric quantity of the electric power load can be controlled.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of a network system 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a communication apparatus. It is a figure explaining operation
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of a network system to which a communication apparatus according to this embodiment is applied.
- the network system 1 is, for example, a so-called HEMS (Home Energy Management System).
- the network system 1 receives a plurality of power loads 10, a plurality of slave units 12 that acquire and transmit the electrical quantity data 18 s for each power load 10, and the electrical quantity data 18 s transmitted from the slave units 12.
- the base unit 14 wirelessly transmits to the power load 10 a control signal 18c for controlling the amount of electricity of the power load 10 according to the amount of electricity data 18s, and data from the handset 12 to the base unit 14
- a router 16 that mediates transmission and signal transmission from the parent device 14 to the power load 10.
- the amount of electricity of the load 10 in the present embodiment is an amount of electricity such as current or power consumed by the power load 10.
- the network system 1 is implemented by, for example, the ZigBee standard for short-range wireless communication in a relatively narrow space such as in a home.
- a wireless device equipped with a ZigBee device has a small amount of memory and restricts the number of nodes through which the parent device 14 directly transmits and receives data.
- the network system 1 performs routing via the router 16, and thus exceeds the limit.
- Data communication between the number of slave units 12 and the power load 10 and the master unit 14 is enabled.
- the present invention is not limited to ZigBee, and other protocols such as SEP (Smart Energy Profile) and ECHONET Lite that operate on wireless standards such as BlueTooth (registered trademark) and wireless LAN are applicable. Is also applicable.
- the power load 10 is, for example, a household electric product such as an air conditioner or a refrigerator, or various digital devices such as a television or a personal computer.
- mobile_unit 12 has the electric power sensor which detects the electric quantity data 18s from an electric power load by radio
- the base unit 14 includes, for example, a communication device as “Coordinator” that receives the electrical quantity data 18s transmitted from the slave unit 12 or the router 16, and a host computer that collects and monitors the electrical quantity data 18s received by the Coordinator.
- the base unit 14 When the base unit 14 detects, for example, that the amount of electricity changes abruptly or becomes a high load such as exceeding a predetermined reference value in the host computer, the base unit 14 sends a control signal 18c for controlling the amount of power to the power load. 10 is transmitted wirelessly.
- the base unit 14 In the network system 1, in order to avoid a situation in which the amount of electricity consumed increases and exceeds the contract power and the breaker is shut off, the base unit 14 is required to control the power load 10 with certainty. For this purpose, it is required that the transmission of electric quantity data from the child device 12 to the parent device 14 is performed reliably. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the slave unit 12 specifies the destination according to the route set in the routing table, periodically, for example, at a frequency of several times per minute, for each acquired electric quantity data. When wireless transmission is being performed (hereinafter referred to as a normal transmission mode), if the electrical data has increased rapidly, the electrical data is transmitted by broadcast without specifying a destination.
- a normal transmission mode When wireless transmission is being performed (hereinafter referred to as a normal transmission mode), if the electrical data has increased rapidly, the electrical data is transmitted by broadcast without specifying a destination.
- the child device 12 can directly transmit the electric quantity data to the parent device 14 without going through the router 16 (route 20). Therefore, since data can be transmitted with a small number of hops, the radio occupancy rate in the entire network is reduced, and the chance of packet collision is reduced. Or, a route different from the predetermined routing, for example, when the load is concentrated on the predetermined router 16 (route 22) or another child device (route) when the load is concentrated on the predetermined router 16 24)
- the electric quantity data can be transmitted from the slave unit 12 to the master unit 14.
- redundancy can be increased, and electric quantity data can be reliably transmitted to the parent device 14.
- the slave unit 12 can broadcast the power by gradually increasing the transmission power, so that the electric quantity data can be transmitted to the master unit 14 more reliably.
- the slave unit 12 or the router 16 when operating by broadcasting, the slave unit 12 or the router 16 retransmits the electrical quantity data transmitted from the other slave unit 12 or the router 16, so when viewed in the entire network system 1, There is a risk of congestion due to an increase in communication load. In particular, increasing the transmission power increases the risk. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the slave unit 12 has a transmission mode in which the network load becomes lower when a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of broadcast operation, for example, unicast or Change the transmission mode for multicast transmission. At the same time, the slave unit 12 reduces the transmission power. By doing so, it is possible to reliably transmit the electric quantity data to the master unit 14 without diminishing the effect of increasing the redundancy of the transmission route by broadcasting.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of a communication device included in the slave unit 12.
- the communication device 3 includes an acquisition unit 36 that acquires electrical quantity data of the power load 10 from a current sensor or a power sensor, a wireless communication unit 30 that performs wireless transmission and reception of packets including electrical quantity data, and performs various control operations and wireless communication.
- the control unit 32 for determining the transmission mode of the unit 30 is included.
- the acquisition unit 36 includes, for example, an AD transformer that performs AD conversion when the power sensor outputs electric quantity data of an analog signal.
- the acquisition unit 36 has a digital input interface that captures, when the power sensor outputs electric quantity data of a digital signal.
- the control unit 32 delivers the electric quantity data acquired by the acquisition unit 36 to the wireless communication unit 30.
- the control unit 32 acquires a packet received by the wireless communication unit 30 from another child device 12 or the router 16.
- the control part 32 inputs into the wireless communication part 30 the control signal for controlling the operation
- the control unit 32 causes the wireless communication unit 30 to retransmit the electric quantity data included in the packet by broadcast.
- the control unit 32 causes the wireless communication unit 30 to transmit an ACK signal when an acknowledgment ACK signal is requested.
- control unit 32 determines the transmission mode of the wireless communication unit 30 according to the acquired electric quantity data, and transmits a signal indicating the determined transmission mode to the wireless communication unit 30.
- the transmission mode determination will be described later in detail.
- the control unit 32 includes, for example, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) or ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) in which a corresponding control operation is implemented.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the communication apparatus in the first embodiment.
- the vertical axis corresponds to the amount of electricity of each power load 10 acquired by each slave unit 12 and the transmission modes M1 to M4 of the wireless communication unit 20, and the horizontal axis corresponds to the elapsed time. . Then, a change 40 in electric quantity and a change 42 in transmission mode are shown.
- the transmission mode M1 is a broadcast transmission mode.
- the transmission mode M2 has a lower transmission frequency than the transmission mode M1 (for example, the transmission mode M1 is every few seconds, whereas the transmission mode M2 is every ten and several seconds), and multicast / unicast transmission with an ACK requesting ACK.
- the transmission mode M3 is a multicast / unicast transmission mode without ACK that has a lower transmission frequency than the transmission mode M1 and does not request ACK.
- the transmission mode M4 corresponds to the normal transmission mode.
- a packet is transmitted by unicast, that is, by specifying a destination according to the route set in the routing table that reaches the master unit 14 via the router 16 or another communication device 3.
- packets are transmitted at a lower transmission frequency (for example, every several tens of seconds to several minutes) than in the transmission modes M2 and M3.
- the vertical axis corresponds to the transmission power P1 to P3 of each slave unit 12, and the horizontal axis corresponds to the elapsed time. Then, a change 44 in transmission power is shown.
- the transmission power is P1, P2, and P3 in descending order.
- the control unit 32 switches the packet including the electricity amount data to the transmission mode M1 in which the packet is wirelessly transmitted without specifying the destination (time point T1). By doing so, data can be transmitted with a small number of hops, and the radio occupancy rate in the entire network is reduced, so the chance of packet collision is reduced. Further, by performing transmission using a plurality of routes, redundancy can be increased.
- the slave unit 12 switches to the transmission mode M1, increases the transmission power to the transmission power P2, and increases it to the transmission power P1 after a predetermined time (an arbitrary time set in advance) has elapsed. By doing so, it is possible to ensure that the electric quantity data reaches the base unit 14 more reliably.
- control unit 32 performs multicast or unicast at a transmission frequency equal to or lower than the transmission mode M1 when a predetermined time elapses when the wireless communication unit 30 operates in the transmission mode M1 (broadcast). Switch to the transmission mode M2 for transmission (time T2). By doing so, even if the communication load of the entire network temporarily increases due to broadcasting, this can be quickly reduced. Moreover, the subunit
- the predetermined time used for such determination is set in advance to an arbitrary time (for example, several tens of seconds to several minutes) that may cause an increase in the load on the entire network due to broadcasting, for example, through experiments or simulations.
- the control unit 32 transmits the amount of electricity data by broadcast and wirelessly transmits the transmission mode M1. Is switched again (time T3). At the same time, the transmission power is switched from P3 to P2. Then, the control unit 32 increases the transmission power P1 after a predetermined time has elapsed. By doing so, the opportunity to transmit electric quantity data to the main
- the control unit 32 acquires the electric quantity data larger than the reference value val1
- the packet broadcast by itself arrives at the communication device 3 of the base unit 14, for example, the packet transmitted by the control unit 32
- the operation of the wireless communication unit 30 is switched from the transmission mode M1 (broadcast) to the transmission mode M3 for transmission by multicast or unicast (time point T4).
- the transmission power is switched from P1 to P3.
- the return path communication for ACK becomes unnecessary, and the network load can be further reduced. Become. At the same time, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a transmission waiting state for retransmission processing when ACK is not received. For example, when the time required for retransmission timeout is set to several seconds to several tens of seconds, such waiting time can be omitted.
- control unit 32 when the control unit 32 acquires the electrical quantity data smaller than the reference value val3 ( ⁇ val1), the control unit 32 switches the operation of the wireless communication unit 30 to the transmission mode M4 (normal transmission mode) (time point T5).
- the control unit 32 determines the transmission mode using table data in which the transmission mode is associated with the amount of electricity and the elapsed time when determining the transmission mode.
- a transmission mode table such a table is referred to as a transmission mode table.
- the control part 32 determines transmission power using the table data by which transmission power was matched with the electric quantity and elapsed time when determining transmission mode.
- a transmission power table such a table is referred to as a transmission power table.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show examples of transmission mode tables.
- the vertical axis indicates the amount of electricity and the horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time.
- levels L1 to L4 corresponding to the amount of electricity in the vertical axis direction and the elapsed time in the horizontal axis direction are used.
- a transmission count CNT is obtained.
- level L1 is an amount of electricity greater than reference value val1
- level L2 is an amount of electricity less than or equal to reference value val1 and greater than reference value val
- level L3 is an amount of electricity that is less than or equal to reference value val2 and greater than reference value val3.
- the level L4 corresponds to an electric quantity equal to or less than the reference value val3.
- the transmission modes M1 to M4 are mapped.
- the transmission modes M3 and M4 are mapped.
- a blank in the table indicates that no transmission operation is performed.
- the transmission mode tables TBL1 and TBL3 are stored in advance in a memory in the control unit 32, for example.
- FIGS. 5C and 5D show examples of transmission power tables.
- the vertical axis indicates the amount of electricity and the horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time.
- levels L1 to L4 corresponding to the amount of electricity in the vertical axis direction
- a transmission count CNT corresponding to the elapsed time in the horizontal axis direction is used.
- the transmission power table P_TBL1 is used when the transmission mode table TBL1 is used. In the transmission power table P_TBL1, the transmission powers P1 to P3 are mapped.
- the transmission power table P_TBL3 is used when the transmission mode table TBL3 is used. In the transmission power table P_TBL3, the transmission power P3 is mapped. A blank in the table indicates that no transmission operation is performed.
- the transmission power tables P_TBL1 and P_TBL3 are stored in advance in a memory in the control unit 32, for example.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the operation procedure of the communication apparatus 3 in the first embodiment. This procedure is executed when the communication device 3 is operating.
- the control unit 32 executes a transmission data arrival confirmation process in order to confirm whether or not the transmitted data has arrived at the destination (S602). Thereafter, the control unit 32 determines whether or not the measurement timer set for periodically collecting data from the power sensor has expired (S604). And when it determines with the measurement timer not having expired (it is No at S604), the control part 32 repeats this process sequence. If it is determined that the measurement timer has expired (Yes in S604), the control unit 32 acquires electrical quantity data from the power sensor via the acquisition unit 36 (S606), and determines the level of the acquired electrical quantity data. Level determination processing is performed (S608).
- control unit 32 performs a transmission mode determination process for setting the transmission mode in a transmission method determination process described later (S610). Then, the control unit 32 determines whether or not any of the transmission modes M1 to M4 is set in the wireless communication unit 30 (S612). If the transmission mode is set (Yes in S612), The wireless communication unit 30 is caused to transmit data in the set transmission mode (S614). On the other hand, when the transmission mode is not set (No in S612), this processing procedure ends.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a detailed procedure example of the transmission data arrival confirmation process.
- the procedure of FIG. 7 is a procedure corresponding to the subroutine of step S602 of FIG. 6, and is a processing procedure for switching the transmission mode table used for determining the transmission mode.
- the procedure in FIG. 7 is executed with the transmission mode table TBL1 and the transmission power table P_TBL1 initialized.
- the control unit 32 determines whether or not the set transmission mode is the transmission mode M1 (broadcast) (S701). If the transmission mode is the transmission mode M1 (Yes in S701), has the packet been received from another communication device 3? It is determined whether or not (S702). If it is determined that a packet has been received (Yes in S702), the control unit 32 determines whether a broadcast packet has been received (S703). For example, the control unit 32 reads the broadcast hop number and the sequence number for identifying the broadcast packet from the header of the network layer, and determines whether or not the broadcast packet has been received based on this. On the other hand, if it is determined that a broadcast packet has not been received (No in S703), the control unit 32 determines whether the received packet is an ACK from another communication device 3 to itself (S704).
- the control unit 32 When it is determined that the ACK has been received (Yes in S704), the control unit 32 immediately switches to a transmission mode that reduces the load on the network because the packet has reached the destination. Specifically, the transmission mode table TBL1 and the transmission power table P_TBL1 are changed to TBL3 and P_TBL3 (S705).
- the control unit 32 determines whether the broadcast packet is transmitted by itself (S706). For example, the control unit 32 has a broadcast packet in which the source address in the MAC layer header matches the destination address (for example, the address of the coordinator of the parent device 14) and the sequence number in the network layer header is transmitted by itself. If it matches, it can be confirmed that the destination has received and relayed the broadcast packet transmitted by itself (in this way, the packet transmitted by itself) The method for determining whether or not the message has been transmitted is called “passive ACK”).
- control unit 32 changes the transmission mode table TBL1 and the transmission power table P_TBL1 to TBL3 and P_TBL3 in the same manner as in step S705 (S707).
- the control unit 32 ends the present processing with the transmission mode table and the transmission power table selected before executing this flow.
- the transmission mode table is maintained in TBL1 and transmission power table P_TBL1 by the above procedure, and is switched to TBL3 and P_TBL3.
- Mode M1 is selected.
- transmission modes M2 to M4 are selected as shown in FIG. At this time, P3 is selected as the transmission power, as shown in FIG.
- the broadcast transmission mode M1 is not selected, and the multicast / unicast transmission mode M3 without ACK or the normal transmission mode M4 is selected. Selected. At this time, P3 is selected as the transmission power as shown in FIG. Therefore, by switching between the transmission mode table and the transmission power table according to the procedure of FIG.
- the mode can be switched to a multicast or unicast transmission mode, and the electric quantity data can be reliably transmitted to the base unit 14 without unnecessarily continuing the state where the communication load of the entire network is increased. Can do.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining a detailed procedure example of the level determination process.
- the procedure of FIG. 8 corresponds to the subroutine of step S608 in FIG.
- the control unit 32 determines whether or not the acquired electric quantity data exceeds the reference value val1 (S801), and if it is determined that the acquired electric quantity data exceeds (Yes in S801), the level for referring to the transmission mode table Is set to L1 (S807). On the other hand, when it is determined that the acquired electric quantity data does not exceed val1 (No in S801), the control unit 32 determines whether the acquired electric quantity data exceeds the reference value val2 (S802). If it is determined that it has exceeded (Yes in S802), the level is set to L2 (S806).
- the control unit 32 determines whether or not the acquired electric quantity data exceeds val3 (S803). If it is determined that it is present (Yes in S803), the level is set to L3 (S805). When determining that the acquired electric quantity data does not exceed val3 (No in S803), the control unit 32 sets the level L4 (S804).
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining a detailed procedure example of the transmission mode determination process.
- the procedure of FIG. 9 corresponds to the subroutine of step S610 in FIG.
- the control unit 32 adds “1” to the transmission count CNT (S901), determines whether or not the transmission count CNT exceeds the column number m in the transmission mode table (S902), and exceeds the column number m. If it is determined that the transmission count CNT is “Yes” (S902: Yes), “1” is set to the transmission count CNT (S903).
- the control unit 32 selects the transmission mode corresponding to the level determined in the selected transmission mode table and the transmission count CNT as described above (S904). Then, the control unit 32 selects a transmission power in the selected transmission power table (S905).
- the transmission mode is determined from the selected transmission mode table based on the levels L1 to L4 corresponding to the amount of electricity and the elapsed time (transmission count CNT).
- the transmission power is determined from the selected transmission power table.
- the transmission mode M1 (broadcast)
- switching to the transmission mode M2 for transmission by multicast or unicast temporarily increases the communication load of the entire network by broadcasting. Even if it does, this can be reduced rapidly.
- the transmission mode M1 (broadcast) is switched to the transmission mode M3 to be transmitted by multicast or unicast, so that the network as a whole Electric quantity data can be reliably transmitted to the base unit 14 without unnecessarily continuing the state in which the communication load has increased.
- the transmission mode M3 the return path communication for ACK is unnecessary, and the network load can be further reduced. At the same time, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a transmission wait state for retransmission processing when ACK is not received.
- the control unit 32 is a reference for selecting a transmission mode by broadcast when another communication device receives a packet wirelessly transmitted by broadcast. Decrease the value.
- the amount of electricity data is sent to the base unit 14 at an earlier timing. It is desirable to deliver. Therefore, by lowering the reference value for switching to broadcasting, it is possible to shift to broadcasting at an early timing, and it is possible to control the amount of electricity consumed before the amount of electricity as the entire power load 10 exceeds the allowable amount. become.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the second embodiment.
- the vertical axis corresponds to the amount of electricity of each power load 10 acquired by each slave unit 12 and the transmission modes M1 to M4 of the wireless communication unit 20,
- the horizontal axis corresponds to the elapsed time.
- a change 40 in electric quantity and a change 42 in transmission mode are shown.
- the vertical axis corresponds to the transmission powers P1 to P3 of each slave unit 12, and the horizontal axis corresponds to the elapsed time.
- a change 44 in transmission power is shown.
- the control unit 32 switches to a transmission mode M1 in which the amount of electricity data is wirelessly transmitted by broadcast when the amount of electricity exceeds val2, which is smaller than the reference value val1. Switch (time T10). At this time, the transmission power is switched to P2.
- a transmission mode table TBL2 and a transmission power table P_TBL2 as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B are used.
- the broadcast transmission mode M1 is associated with a lower level.
- the transmission mode M1 is associated only with the level L1 corresponding to the electric quantity larger than the reference value val1, whereas in the transmission mode table TBL2, the electric quantity larger than the reference value val2 is supported.
- the transmission mode M1 is also associated with the level L2 to be performed.
- the reference value for selecting the transmission mode M1 can be lowered.
- the transmission power is associated with the level of electricity and the elapsed time so that the transmission power P2 is selected in the transmission mode M1 and the transmission power P3 is selected in the transmission modes M2 to M4. ing.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the operation procedure of the communication device 3 in the second embodiment.
- the flowchart of FIG. 12 is a broadcast determination process for determining whether or not there is a broadcast transmission from another communication apparatus 3 between steps S602 and S604 in the flowchart of FIG. 6 in the first embodiment (S1200). 6 is different from FIG. The description of the other procedures that are the same as those in FIG. 6 is omitted here.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining a detailed procedure example of the broadcast determination process S1200 in FIG.
- the control unit 32 determines whether or not a packet has been received (S1301), and if it is determined that a packet has been received in S1301 (Yes in S1301), whether the received packet is a broadcast packet from another child device 12 or not. It is determined whether or not (S1302). If it is determined in S1302 that a broadcast packet has been received (Yes in S1302), the control unit 32 changes the transmission mode table to TBL2 and the transmission power table to P_TBL2 (S1303).
- the control unit 32 when the control unit 32 receives a packet wirelessly transmitted by another communication device, the control unit 32 does not use the broadcast transmission mode M1, Switch to multicast / unicast transmission mode M2 or M3.
- the control unit 32 When another communication apparatus performs a transmission operation by broadcasting, there is a high probability that the amount of electricity as the entire power load 10 is increasing. In such a case, the amount of electricity is delivered to the base unit 14 at an earlier timing. It is desirable. Therefore, the multicast / unicast transmission mode M2 or M3 is selected in order to avoid the increase of the load on the entire system by selecting the broadcast itself.
- the electric quantity data can be reliably transmitted to the parent device 14.
- the transmission mode M2 or M3 which has a higher transmission frequency than the transmission mode M4
- the electric quantity data can be delivered to the parent device 14 more quickly.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the third embodiment.
- the vertical axis indicates the amount of electricity of each power load 10 acquired by each slave unit 12 and the transmission modes M1 to M4 of the wireless communication unit 20.
- the horizontal axis corresponds to the elapsed time. Then, a change 40 in electric quantity and a change 42 in transmission mode are shown.
- the wireless communication unit 30 when the wireless communication unit 30 is operating in the mode M4 (normal transmission mode) in which the electric quantity data is periodically transmitted to the base unit 14 through a predetermined route, the wireless communication unit 30 transmits the data wirelessly by broadcast from another communication device 3.
- the control unit 32 switches to the transmission mode M2 in which the amount of electricity data is wirelessly transmitted by multicast / unicast (time T14).
- the control unit 32 can switch to the transmission mode M3 after the predetermined time has elapsed after switching to the transmission mode M2 (time T15).
- the transmission power is constant at P3 (FIGS. 4B and 10B).
- a transmission mode table TBL2-2 as shown in FIG. 15A is used.
- the vertical axis indicates the amount of electricity
- the horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time.
- the transmission mode M2 is selected without selecting the transmission mode M1.
- the transmission power table P_TBL2-2 shown in FIG. 15B is used.
- the transmission power P_TBL2-2 the transmission power P3 is selected when the transmission modes M2 to M4 are selected.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart for explaining a detailed procedure example of the broadcast determination process in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 16 corresponds to the subroutine of the broadcast determination process S1200 in FIG.
- the control unit 32 determines whether or not a packet has been received (S1601). If it is determined that a packet has been received in S1601 (Yes in S1601), whether the received packet is a broadcast packet from another child device 12 or not. It is determined whether or not (S1602). If it is determined in S1602 that a broadcast packet has been received (Yes in S1602), the control unit 32 changes the transmission mode table to TBL2-2 and the transmission power table to P_TBL2-2 (S1603).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the fourth embodiment.
- the vertical axis corresponds to the transmission power P1 to P3 of each slave unit 12, and the horizontal axis corresponds to the elapsed time. Then, a change 44 in transmission power is shown.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission power table used in the fourth embodiment.
- the fourth embodiment is a modification of the second embodiment.
- the control unit 32 when another communication apparatus wirelessly transmits by broadcast, the control unit 32 lowers the reference value for selecting the transmission mode by broadcast and shifts to broadcast early, while The transmission power table P_TBL2 is used to suppress the transmission power and prevent the load on the entire network from increasing rapidly.
- the fourth embodiment as shown in FIG. 17, when the control unit 32 increases the transmission power from P3 to P2 when shifting to broadcasting (time T170), the amount of electricity increases.
- the reference value val1 is exceeded (time 171), the transmission power is increased from P2 to P1.
- a transmission power table P_TBL2 ′ as shown in FIG. 18 is used, so that when the amount of electricity increases, the transmission power is increased. be able to.
- the amount of electricity is increased when the amount of electricity does not reach the base unit 14 due to the suppression of the transmission power even when the broadcast is shifted to the early stage with a low reference value.
- the transmission power and performing broadcasting it becomes possible to reliably deliver the electrical quantity data to the master unit 14.
- the electric quantity data can be reliably transmitted to the parent device. Therefore, the amount of electricity can be controlled before the amount of electricity as the entire power load 10 exceeds the allowable amount.
- Network system 3 Communication device 10: Load 12: Slave unit 14: Master unit 16: Router
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Abstract
Description
そして、輻輳が発生すると、次のような問題を招くおそれがある。たとえば、日本国内においては、電力の需要家であるエンドユーザは、消費電力の目標値である30分毎のデマンドを予め設定することにより、電力料金を節約できる料金体系を電力事業社と契約する場合がある。かかる料金体系の下で、電力供給事業会社側でデマンドを管理する電力管理システムにおいて、エンドユーザの消費電力を送信する際に、電力事業社側へ送信すべきデータの送信が輻輳によりを電力管理サーバへ届かないようなときは、予め契約したデマンドを超えるおそれがある。
また、本発明の別の側面は、親機と無線通信可能な通信装置とを有し、電力負荷により消費される電気量を管理する電力管理システムに関する。この電力管理システムでは、 前記親機は、複数の電力負荷が消費する電気量を制御するための制御信号を無線送信し、前記通信装置は、電力負荷から電気量のデータを取得する取得部と、取得した前記電気量のデータを含むパケットを無線送信する通信部と、前記通信部が、前記パケットの宛先を指定して前記親機へ無線送信する第1のモードで動作しているとき、第1の基準値以上の前記電気量のデータが取得された場合に、前記パケットの宛先を指定せずに無線送信する第2のモードへ前記通信部の動作を切り替える制御部とを有する。
図4は、第1の実施例における通信装置の動作について説明する図である。図4(A)では、縦軸が、各子機12が取得する各電力負荷10の電気量と、無線通信部20の送信モードM1~M4に対応し、横軸が、経過時間に対応する。そして、電気量の推移40と、送信モードの変化42が示される。
第2の実施例では、第1の実施例における制御に加えて、制御部32は、他の通信装置がブロードキャストで無線送信したパケットを受信したときに、ブロードキャストによる送信モードを選択するための基準値を低下させる。他の通信装置がブロードキャストで送信を行っているときには、電力負荷10全体としての消費される電気量が増大している蓋然性が大きく、かかる場合には、より早いタイミングで親機14に電気量データを届けることが望ましい。よって、ブロードキャストへ切り替えるための基準値を下げることで、早いタイミングでブロードキャストに移行することができ、電力負荷10全体としての電気量が許容量を超える前に、消費される電気量の制御が可能になる。
第3の実施例では、第1の実施例における制御の例外的な制御として、制御部32は、他の通信装置がブロードキャストで無線送信したパケットを受信したときには、ブロードキャストの送信モードM1ではなく、マルチキャスト/ユニキャストの送信モードM2またはM3へ切り替える。他の通信装置がブロードキャストで送信動作を行っているときには、電力負荷10全体としての電気量が増大している蓋然性が大きく、かかる場合には、より早いタイミングで親機14に電気量データを届けることが望ましい。よって、自らブロードキャストを選択してシステム全体としての負荷が増大することを回避すべく、マルチキャスト/ユニキャストの送信モードM2またはM3を選択する。
図17は、第4の実施例を説明するための図である。図17では、図10(B)と同様に、縦軸が各子機12の送信パワーP1~P3に対応し、横軸が経過時間に対応する。そして、送信パワーの変化44が示される。また、図18は、第4の実施例で用いる送信パワーテーブルの例を示す図である。
3:通信装置
10:負荷
12:子機
14:親機
16:ルータ
Claims (20)
- 電力負荷から電気量のデータを取得する取得部と、
複数の電力負荷が消費する電気量を制御するための制御信号を無線送信する親機に対して、取得した前記電気量のデータを含むパケットを無線送信する通信部と、
前記通信部が、前記パケットの宛先を指定して前記親機へ無線送信する第1のモードで動作しているとき、第1の基準値以上の前記電気量のデータが取得された場合に、前記パケットの宛先を指定せずに無線送信する第2のモードへ前記通信部の動作を切り替える制御部と、
を有する通信装置。 - 請求項1に記載の通信装置において、
前記通信部は、前記第2のモードでは、前記パケットを前記第1のモード以上の頻度でかつ前記第1のモード以上の送信パワーで無線送信する、通信装置。 - 請求項1に記載の通信装置において、
前記制御部は、前記通信部が前記第2のモードで動作しているときに送信パワーを増加させ、所定の時間経過した場合に、前記通信部の動作を、前記パケットを第2のモード以下の頻度でかつ前記第1のモード以上の頻度でかつ前記第2のモード以下の送信パワーで無線送信する第3のモードへ切り替える、通信装置。 - 請求項1に記載の通信装置において、
前記制御部は、前記第1の基準値以上の前記電気量のデータを取得しても、他の通信装置がブロードキャストで無線送信した前記パケットを受信した場合には、前記通信部の動作を、前記パケットを第2のモードより低くかつ前記第1のモード以上の頻度でかつ前記第2のモード以下の送信パワーで無線送信する第3のモードへ切り替える、通信装置。 - 請求項3に記載の通信装置において、
前記制御部は、前記通信部が前記第2のモードで動作しているときに、送信した前記パケットを他の子機が受信したことを示すパケットを受信した場合には、前記所定の時間が経過する前であっても、前記通信部の動作を前記第3のモードへ切り替える、通信装置。 - 請求項3に記載の通信装置において、
前記制御部は、前記通信部が前記第3のモードで動作しているときに、第2の基準値以上の前記電気量を取得した場合に、前記通信部の動作を前記第2のモードへ切り替える、
通信装置。 - 請求項1に記載の通信装置において、
前記制御部は、他の通信装置が前記第2のモードで無線送信した前記パケットを受信したときに、前記第1の基準値を低下させる、通信装置。 - 請求項1に記載の通信装置において、
前記制御部は、前記通信部が前記第1のモードで動作しているときに他の通信装置が前記第2のモードで無線送信した前記パケットを受信したときは、第1の基準値以上の前記電気量のデータを取得した場合であっても、前記通信部の動作を、前記パケットを第2のモードより低くかつ前記第1のモード以上の頻度で送信する前記第3のモードへ切り替える、通信装置。 - 請求項3に記載の通信装置において、
前記第2のモードは、前記パケットをブロードキャストで送信するモードであり、
前記第3のモードは、前記パケットをマルチキャストまたはユニキャストで送信するモードである、通信装置。 - 電力負荷により消費される電気量を管理する電力管理システムにおける複数の電力負荷の電気量を制御するための制御信号を無線送信する親機に対して、取得した前記電気量のデータを含むパケットを無線送信する通信装置の制御方法であって、
前記パケットを、宛先を指定して前記親機へ無線送信する第1のモードと、
前記パケットを、宛先を指定せずに無線送信する第2のモードと、
前記第1のモードのときに、基準値以上の前記電気量のデータを取得した場合に、当該第1のモードから前記第2のモードへ切り替える制御ステップと、
を有する通信装置の制御方法。 - 請求項10に記載の通信装置の制御方法において、
前記第2のモードでは、前記パケットを前記第1のモード以上の頻度でかつ前記第1のモード以上の送信パワーで無線送信する、通信装置の制御方法。 - 請求項10に記載の通信装置の制御方法において、
前記制御ステップでは、前記通信部が前記第2のモードで動作しているときに送信パワーを増加させ、所定の時間経過した場合に、前記通信部の動作を、前記パケットを第2のモード以下の頻度でかつ前記第1のモード以上の頻度でかつ前記第2のモード以下の送信パワーで無線送信する第3のモードへ切り替える、通信装置の制御方法。 - 請求項10に記載の通信装置の制御方法において、
前記制御ステップでは、前記第1の基準値以上の前記電気量のデータを取得しても、他の通信装置がブロードキャストで無線送信した前記パケットを受信した場合には、前記通信部の動作を、前記パケットを第2のモードより低くかつ前記第1のモード以上の頻度でかつ前記第2のモード以下の送信パワーで無線送信する第3のモードへ切り替える、通信装置の制御方法。 - 請求項12に記載の通信装置の制御方法において、
前記制御ステップでは、前記通信部が前記第2のモードで動作しているときに、送信した前記パケットを他の子機が受信したことを示すパケットを受信した場合には、前記所定の時間が経過する前であっても、前記通信部の動作を前記第3のモードへ切り替える、通信装置の制御方法。 - 請求項12に記載の通信装置の制御方法において、
前記制御ステップでは、前記通信部が前記第3のモードで動作しているときに、第2の基準値以上の前記電気量を取得した場合に、前記通信部の動作を前記第2のモードへ切り替える、通信装置の制御方法。 - 請求項10に記載の通信装置の制御方法において、
前記制御ステップでは、他の通信装置が前記第2のモードで無線送信した前記パケットを受信したときに、前記第1の基準値を低下させる、通信装置の制御方法。 - 請求項10に記載の通信装置の制御方法において、
前記制御ステップでは、前記通信部が前記第1のモードで動作しているときに他の通信装置が前記第2のモードで無線送信した前記パケットを受信したときは、第1の基準値以上の前記電気量のデータを取得した場合であっても、前記通信部の動作を、前記パケットを第2のモードより低くかつ前記第1のモード以上の頻度で送信する前記第3のモードへ切り替える、通信装置の制御方法。 - 請求項12に記載の通信装置の制御方法において、
前記第2のモードは、前記パケットをブロードキャストで送信するモードであり、
前記第3のモードは、前記パケットをマルチキャストまたはユニキャストで送信するモードである、通信装置の制御方法。 - 親機と無線通信可能な通信装置とを有し、電力負荷により消費される電気量を管理する電力管理システムであって、
前記親機は、複数の電力負荷が消費する電気量を制御するための制御信号を無線送信し、
前記通信装置は、
電力負荷から電気量のデータを取得する取得部と、
取得した前記電気量のデータを含むパケットを無線送信する通信部と、
前記通信部が、前記パケットの宛先を指定して前記親機へ無線送信する第1のモードで動作しているとき、第1の基準値以上の前記電気量のデータが取得された場合に、前記パケットの宛先を指定せずに無線送信する第2のモードへ前記通信部の動作を切り替える制御部とを有する、
電力管理システム。 - 請求項19に記載の電力管理システムにおいて、
前記通信装置の前記通信部は、前記第2のモードでは、前記パケットを前記第1のモード以上の頻度でかつ前記第1のモード以上の送信パワーで無線送信する、
電力管理システム。
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CN106850159B (zh) * | 2017-02-24 | 2020-12-11 | 台州市吉吉知识产权运营有限公司 | 一种组播转单播传送方法及系统 |
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EP2833643A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
US20150085726A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
CN104247450A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
US9609591B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
CN104247450B (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
EP2833643B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
JP5695798B2 (ja) | 2015-04-08 |
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JPWO2013145756A1 (ja) | 2015-12-10 |
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