WO2013144414A2 - Connection element and non-permanent structural system - Google Patents

Connection element and non-permanent structural system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013144414A2
WO2013144414A2 PCT/ES2013/070213 ES2013070213W WO2013144414A2 WO 2013144414 A2 WO2013144414 A2 WO 2013144414A2 ES 2013070213 W ES2013070213 W ES 2013070213W WO 2013144414 A2 WO2013144414 A2 WO 2013144414A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover
structural
lower cover
connecting element
connection element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2013/070213
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013144414A3 (en
Inventor
Conrado EIROA LUCES
Eugenio CUESTA BAILE
Juan Manuel MUÑOZ GUIJOSA
Original Assignee
Elegance Carpentry, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elegance Carpentry, S.L. filed Critical Elegance Carpentry, S.L.
Priority to JP2015502392A priority Critical patent/JP2015514938A/en
Priority to EP13728229.9A priority patent/EP2860408A2/en
Priority to US14/388,881 priority patent/US20150063901A1/en
Publication of WO2013144414A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013144414A2/en
Publication of WO2013144414A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013144414A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • F16B7/02—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections with conical parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • F16B7/22—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections using hooks or like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • F16B7/04—Clamping or clipping connections
    • F16B7/0406—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being coaxial
    • F16B7/0413—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being coaxial for tubes using the innerside thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • F16B7/04—Clamping or clipping connections
    • F16B7/0406—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being coaxial
    • F16B7/0426—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being coaxial for rods or for tubes without using the innerside thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/30—Dovetail-like connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/67—Rigid angle couplings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
    • F16B7/04—Clamping or clipping connections
    • F16B7/044—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being in angled relationship
    • F16B7/0446—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being in angled relationship for tubes using the innerside thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an element for connecting, joining or blocking the construction elements or the parts of the machines, More specifically it relates to frictional pressure fasteners that can be released. Additionally it refers to a non-permanent structural system that uses the connection element,
  • the new materials have a higher cost per unit of weight compared to traditional materials due to their youth as it is necessary to invest in research and development on mechanical characterization, methods of manufacture and connection, and use more material! strictly necessary due to the high safety factors required for these reasons.
  • the anisotropy associated with the elasticity and strength of composite materials makes the methods of connection between structural elements much more complex than with traditional materials, which makes the solution even more expensive.
  • the low resistance of the matrix results in a high sensitivity to stress concentrations, inevitable in a connection of structural profiles.
  • the lower stiffness of some composite materials entails resistant sections of greater edge than those normally used with traditional materials to meet the stiffness criteria. This fact entails, in the first place, structural inconveniences, both for the connections between elements, and for the matter! add! to be added to avoid local buckling due to the decrease in thickness that entails the increase in song if the moment of inertia of the section is maintained. Secondly, it entails architectural inconveniences due to the greater space occupied by the structural elements.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an improved product for joining structural profiles made of composite materials to mitigate some of the deficiencies presented by the connections of structural profiles of composite materials described above.
  • connection element of non-permanent external fixation of a structural profile, comprising a lower cover intended to be in contact with a lower wing of the structural profile, an upper cover intended to be in contact with an upper wing of the structural profile, two side covers and a rear cover, where the longitudinal thickness of the lower cover increases from the free edge of the lower cover towards the edge with the rear cover.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a non-permanent external fixing structural system in which a plurality of connecting elements rigidly connected to each other are employed, as well as a plurality of structural profiles.
  • the invention is advantageous in that it provides a reduction in stress concentrations, a more uniform distribution of contact pressures, and an increase in contact surface.
  • the increase in the connection efficiency between the connection element and the structural profile makes it possible to reduce the section of the structural profile which results in material saving and cost reduction.
  • Another advantage of the invention arises from the use of a non-permanent connection.
  • the structure assembly operation is simplified, both in the inspection phase of the joints, and in the reduction of the need for qualified personnel and specialized equipment, the latter especially necessary in gluing operations.
  • it allows the disassembly of the structure.
  • Figure 1 shows a connection element coupled to a structural profile.
  • Figure 2 shows the connection element in perspective.
  • Figure 3 shows the connection element in perspective without a side cover.
  • Figure 4 shows the detail of a structural joint of a removable structural system using the connection element.
  • Figure 5 shows the detail of the structural joint of Figure 4 in exploded view using a dovetail connection.
  • Figures 8 and 7 show a male connecting element of the structural joint of Figure 5 without a side cover in perspective and in side view, respectively.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show a second female connecting element of the structural joint of Figure 5 without a side cover in perspective and in side view, respectively.
  • Figure 1 represents the non-permanent exterior fixing of a connection element 1 with a structural profile 10.
  • the connection element 1 shown in isolation in Figure 2, is composed of a lower cover 2 intended to be in contact with the lower wing 1 1, a suspension cover 3 intended to be in contact with the upper wing 12, two side covers 4 and one back cover 5.
  • the side covers 4 join the side edges of the lower 2 and upper 3 covers.
  • connection element 1 is based on the progressive decrease of its stiffness along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the structural profile 10, maximizing the deformation compatibility of the connection element 1 and the structural profile 10 in the contact areas between them.
  • the height and width of the connecting element 1 are predefined per ⁇ the dimensions of the structural profile 10 to be connected and the clearance between the connecting element 1 and the structural profile 10.
  • the degrees of freedom for the design along the longitudinal axis of the profile Structural 10 of the connecting element 1 results in the length and longitudinal thicknesses of the lower 2 and upper covers 3, as well as the width of the side covers 4.
  • the embedding torque between the connecting element 1 and the structural profile 10 comes from, firstly, the friction of the lower wing 1 1 with the lower cover 2 and the upper wing 12 with the upper cover 3 and, secondly, of the contact voltages between, on the one hand, the lower wing 1 1 and the lower cover 2, and, on the other hand, the upper wing 12 and the upper cover 3.
  • the length of the lower 2 and upper 3 covers is adjusted so that the arm of the embedment torque is sufficient so that the tension in the lower 2 and upper 3 covers does not exceed the allowable tension.
  • Figure 3 shows the compatibility of deformations between, firstly, the lower wing 1 1 and the lower cover 2, and, secondly, the upper wing 12 and the upper cover 3.
  • the longitudinal thickness of the lower cover 2 increases from the free edge of the lower cover 2 towards the edge with the rear cover 5, while the longitudinal thickness of the upper cover 3 increases from the free edge of the upper cover 3 towards the edge with the rear cover 5.
  • the upper wing 12 is pulled.
  • the longitudinal thickness of the upper cover 3 decreases, however, from the free edge of the upper cover 3 towards the edge with the rear cover 5 as shown in Figure 4
  • the lateral covers 4 contribute to the compatibility of deformations between the lower covers 2 and upper 3, and the lower wings 1 1 and upper 12,
  • the width of the lateral covers 4 increases with the distance to the neutral fiber of! structural profile 10 as seen in figures 1 and 2. This results in the free edge of the side covers 4 having a concave shape.
  • a more efficient distribution of both the shear stresses supported by the structural profile 10 and the forces due to the contact pressures between the structure profile! 10 and the connecting element 1, which are transmitted through the core 13 of the structural profile 10, is achieved by reducing the transverse thickness of the lower cover 2 and / or the transverse thickness of the upper cover 3 around the axis of the soul 13.
  • the transverse thickness of the lower cover 2 is minimal around the center of the free edge of the lower cover 2 and varies towards the respective edges of the lower cover 2 with the side covers 4 and / or the transverse thickness of the upper cover 3 is minimal around the center of the free edge of the upper cover 3 and varies towards the respective edges of the upper cover 3 with the side covers 4.
  • the use of a linear law of variation of the transverse thickness of the lower 2 and upper 3 covers is especially advantageous in facilitating the manufacture of the connecting element 1,
  • Figure 4 represents a structural node of a non-permanent structural system in which a plurality of connection elements 1 are employed, as well as a plurality of structural profiles 10.
  • Each structural profile 10 corresponds to a connection element 1 designed as described above
  • the union of the plurality of connecting elements 1 is rigid to transmit the forces between the plurality of structural profiles 10 that make up the structural node, using various solutions such as, for example, screwing or welding.
  • the rigid connection of the plurality of connection elements 1 can be carried out by dovetails or tails. T-shaped incorporated into the outer faces of the lower 2, upper 3 and / or rear 5 covers of the connection elements 1.
  • Figures 8 and 7 show a male connection element ⁇
  • Figures 8 and 9 show a female connection element 1 ", in both cases without a side cover 4, used in the rigid joint by means of dovetails of the structural knot of figure 5.
  • the rear cover 5 of the male connection element ⁇ has two protuberances 6 in the form of a dovetail.
  • the longitudinal thickness of the lower cover 2 of the female connecting element ⁇ increases from the free edge of the lower cover 2 towards the edge with the rear cover 5 to an approximately intermediate point where the longitudinal thickness of the lower cover 2 remains constant.
  • the lower cover 2 has two grooves 7 in the form of a dovetail intended to be in contact with the protuberances 6 of the male connecting element 1 '.
  • the grooves 7 have been made from the edge of the lower cover 2 towards the free edge of the lower cover 2, the grooves 7 being delimited to the zone of constant longitudinal thickness, forming a stop for the transmission of axial forces.
  • the upper cover 3 also has two grooves 7.
  • curved structural profiles in the non-permanent structural system.
  • they allow to materialize a counter-arrow in the beams of the porches so that when applying the solicitations the total arrow has a component that does not compute for the purpose of calculating the admissible arrow, allowing to further reduce the section of the structural profile 10.

Abstract

One aspect of the invention relates to a connection element (1) for the non-permanent external attachment of a structural profile (10), said element comprising a lower cover (2) intended to be in contact with a lower wing (11) of the structural profile (10), an upper cover (3) intended to be in contact with an upper wing (12) of the structural profile (10), two side covers (4), and a rear cover (5). The element is characterised in that the longitudinal thickness of the lower cover (2) increases from the free edge of the lower cover (2) toward the edge with the rear cover (5). Another aspect of the invention relates to a non-permanent structural system that uses a plurality of connection elements (1), rigidly joined together, and a plurality of structural profiles (10).

Description

La presente invención se refiere a un elemento para conectar, unir o bloquear los elementos constructivos o las partes de las máquinas, Más concretamente se refiere a sujeciones de presión por fricción que se pueden soltar. Adicionalmente se refiere a un sistema estructural no permanente que emplea el elemento de conexión,  The present invention relates to an element for connecting, joining or blocking the construction elements or the parts of the machines, More specifically it relates to frictional pressure fasteners that can be released. Additionally it refers to a non-permanent structural system that uses the connection element,
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA ANTERIOR STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE
Tradícionalmente los materiales más utilizados para la construcción de estructuras resistentes han sido la madera, los materiales metálicos, destacando fundamentalmente el acero y el aluminio entre éstos, y el hormigón. Ello se debe a su gran resistencia mecánica, su estabilidad ante acciones ambientales, y a su producción y conformación sencillas y de coste reducido. Asimismo, se han desarrollado métodos sencillos de conexión entre los distintos elementos resistentes que componen la estructura completa. Traditionally, the most commonly used materials for the construction of resistant structures have been wood, metal materials, mainly highlighting steel and aluminum between them, and concrete. This is due to its great mechanical resistance, its stability against environmental actions, and its simple production and conformation at a reduced cost. Likewise, simple methods of connection between the different resistant elements that make up the complete structure have been developed.
En aplicaciones en las que el criterio de diseño es de rigidez más que de resistencia, como ocurre en el sector de la construcción, resulta necesario maximízar la eficiencia estructural por unidad de peso. El desarrollo de nuevos materiales (por ejemplo, materiales poliméricos y composites con matriz polimérica o cerámica y refuerzo metálico o de fibra de vidrio o carbono) con relaciones resistencia/peso o rigidez/peso muy elevadas pero con un coste mayor ha abierto un campo de posibilidades de optimización en aplicaciones donde se utilizaban materiales tradicionales.  In applications where the design criterion is stiffness rather than strength, as in the construction sector, it is necessary to maximize structural efficiency per unit weight. The development of new materials (for example, polymeric materials and composites with polymeric or ceramic matrix and metallic or fiberglass or carbon reinforcement) with very high strength / weight or stiffness / weight ratios but with a higher cost has opened a field of Optimization possibilities in applications where traditional materials were used.
Los nuevos materiales presentan un mayor coste por unidad de peso frente a los materiales tradicionales debido a su juventud al ser necesario invertir en investigación y desarrollo sobre caracterización mecánica, métodos de fabricación y conexión, y emplear más material de! estrictamente necesario debido a los elevados factores de segundad exigidos por estos motivos. The new materials have a higher cost per unit of weight compared to traditional materials due to their youth as it is necessary to invest in research and development on mechanical characterization, methods of manufacture and connection, and use more material! strictly necessary due to the high safety factors required for these reasons.
Por ello, ía aplicación de nuevos materiales se limita en la actualidad a aquellas aplicaciones donde el coste no es el criterio de diseño fundamental, sino más bien la resistencia a la corrosión o la reducción de peso, como es el caso de estructuras marinas, estructuras en cercanías de purines, estructuras colocadas a posterior! en edificios, depósitos y tuberías para fluidos corrosivos, entre otros.  Therefore, the application of new materials is currently limited to those applications where cost is not the fundamental design criterion, but rather corrosion resistance or weight reduction, such as marine structures, structures in the vicinity of slurry, structures placed afterwards! in buildings, tanks and pipes for corrosive fluids, among others.
La anisotropía asociada a la elasticidad y resistencia de los materiales compuestos hace que los métodos de conexión entre elementos estructurales sean mucho más complejos que con los materiales tradicionales, lo que encarece aún más la solución. La baja resistencia de la matriz resulta en una elevada sensibilidad frente a concentraciones de tensiones, inevitables en una conexión de perfiles estructurales.  The anisotropy associated with the elasticity and strength of composite materials makes the methods of connection between structural elements much more complex than with traditional materials, which makes the solution even more expensive. The low resistance of the matrix results in a high sensitivity to stress concentrations, inevitable in a connection of structural profiles.
Las conexiones típicas de materiales compuestos son atornilladas o remachadas, adhesivas y combinadas. The European Structurai Polymeric Composites Group, "Structurai Design of Polymer Composites", E & FN SPON 1996, pp. 120-21 1 , ISBN 0 419 19450 9 es un manual y código de diseño estructural de materiales compuestos polimérícos en el que se describen ¡as conexiones típicas empleadas en estos materiales en las citadas páginas.  Typical connections of composite materials are screwed or riveted, adhesive and combined. The European Structurali Polymeric Composites Group, "Structurai Design of Polymer Composites", E & FN SPON 1996, pp. 120-21 1, ISBN 0 419 19450 9 is a manual and structural design code for polymer composite materials in which the typical connections used in these materials are described in the aforementioned pages.
La menor rigidez de algunos materiales compuestos conlleva secciones resistentes de mayor canto que las que se utilizan normalmente con materiales tradicionales para poder cumplir con el criterio de rigidez. Este hecho conlleva, en primer lugar, inconvenientes estructurales, tanto por las conexiones entre elementos, como por el materia! adiciona! a añadir para evitar pandeos locales debido a la disminución de espesor que conlleva el aumento de canto si se mantiene el momento de inercia de la sección. En segundo lugar, conlleva inconvenientes arquitectónicos por el mayor espacio ocupado por los elementos estructurales.  The lower stiffness of some composite materials entails resistant sections of greater edge than those normally used with traditional materials to meet the stiffness criteria. This fact entails, in the first place, structural inconveniences, both for the connections between elements, and for the matter! add! to be added to avoid local buckling due to the decrease in thickness that entails the increase in song if the moment of inertia of the section is maintained. Secondly, it entails architectural inconveniences due to the greater space occupied by the structural elements.
Existen diferentes soluciones para evitar el incremento de sección sin perjudicar la flecha como, por ejemplo, el uso de cables tensores o la reducción de las luces a través del aumento del número de pilares. Estas soluciones conllevan complicaciones arquitectónicas o incrementos de coste de material que hacen poco atractiva su aplicación. There are different solutions to avoid increasing the section without damaging the arrow, such as the use of tension cables or the reduction of lights through the increase in the number of pillars. These solutions entail architectural complications or increases in the cost of material that make its application unattractive.
La presente invención busca proporcionar un producto mejorado de unión de perfiles estructurales realizados en materiales compuestos para mitigar algunas de las deficiencias que presentan las conexiones de perfiles estructurales de materiales compuestos descritas anteriormente.  The present invention seeks to provide an improved product for joining structural profiles made of composite materials to mitigate some of the deficiencies presented by the connections of structural profiles of composite materials described above.
SUMARIO DE LA INVENCIÓN Según un aspecto de la presente invención, se proporciona un elemento de conexión, de fijación exterior no permanente de un perfil estructural, que comprende una tapa inferior destinada a estar en contacto con un ala inferior del perfil estructural, una tapa superior destinada a estar en contacto con un ala superior del perfil estructural, dos tapas laterales y una tapa posterior, en donde el espesor longitudinal de la tapa inferior aumenta desde el borde libre de la tapa inferior hacia la arista con la tapa posterior. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a connection element, of non-permanent external fixation of a structural profile, comprising a lower cover intended to be in contact with a lower wing of the structural profile, an upper cover intended to be in contact with an upper wing of the structural profile, two side covers and a rear cover, where the longitudinal thickness of the lower cover increases from the free edge of the lower cover towards the edge with the rear cover.
Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a un sistema estructural de fijación exterior no permanente en el que se emplean una pluralidad de elementos de conexión rígidamente unidos entre sí, así como una pluralidad de perfiles estructurales.  Another aspect of the invention relates to a non-permanent external fixing structural system in which a plurality of connecting elements rigidly connected to each other are employed, as well as a plurality of structural profiles.
La invención es ventajosa en que proporciona una reducción de concentraciones de tensión, un reparto más uniforme de las presiones de contacto, y un aumento de la superficie de contacto. El aumento de la eficiencia de conexión entre el elemento de conexión y el perfil estructural permite reducir la sección del perfil estructural lo que redunda en ahorro de material y disminución de costes.  The invention is advantageous in that it provides a reduction in stress concentrations, a more uniform distribution of contact pressures, and an increase in contact surface. The increase in the connection efficiency between the connection element and the structural profile makes it possible to reduce the section of the structural profile which results in material saving and cost reduction.
Otra ventaja de la invención surge del empleo de una conexión no permanente. Por un lado, se simplifica la operación de montaje de la estructura, tanto en la fase de inspección de las uniones, como en la disminución de la necesidad de personal cualificado y de equipos especializados, estos últimos sobre todo necesarios en las operaciones de pegado. Por otro lado, permite el desmontaje de la estructura. Otras características y ventajas de ¡a presente invención se desprenderán de La descripción detallada que sigue de unas realizaciones ilustrativas de su objeto en relación con las figuras que se acompañan. Another advantage of the invention arises from the use of a non-permanent connection. On the one hand, the structure assembly operation is simplified, both in the inspection phase of the joints, and in the reduction of the need for qualified personnel and specialized equipment, the latter especially necessary in gluing operations. On the other hand, it allows the disassembly of the structure. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments of its object in relation to the accompanying figures.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompañan unos dibujos de carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo. In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, some illustrative and non-limiting drawings are attached.
La figura 1 muestra un elemento de conexión acoplado a un perfil estructural.  Figure 1 shows a connection element coupled to a structural profile.
La figura 2 muestra el elemento de conexión en perspectiva.  Figure 2 shows the connection element in perspective.
La figura 3 muestra el elemento de conexión en perspectiva sin una tapa lateral.  Figure 3 shows the connection element in perspective without a side cover.
La figura 4 muestra el detalle de una unión estructural de un sistema estructural desmontable que emplea el elemento de conexión.  Figure 4 shows the detail of a structural joint of a removable structural system using the connection element.
La figura 5 muestra el detalle de la unión estructural de la figura 4 en vista explosionada empleando una conexión en cola de milano.  Figure 5 shows the detail of the structural joint of Figure 4 in exploded view using a dovetail connection.
Las figuras 8 y 7 muestran un elemento de conexión macho de la unión estructural de la figura 5 sin una tapa lateral en perspectiva y en vista lateral, respectivamente.  Figures 8 and 7 show a male connecting element of the structural joint of Figure 5 without a side cover in perspective and in side view, respectively.
Las figuras 8 y 9 muestran un segundo elemento de conexión hembra de la unión estructural de la figura 5 sin una tapa lateral en perspectiva y en vista lateral, respectivamente.  Figures 8 and 9 show a second female connecting element of the structural joint of Figure 5 without a side cover in perspective and in side view, respectively.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE MODOS DE REALIZACION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
La figura 1 representa la fijación exterior no permanente de un elemento de conexión 1 con un perfil estructural 10. El elemento de conexión 1 , que se muestra de forma aislada en la figura 2, está compuesto por una tapa inferior 2 destinada a estar en contacto con el ala inferior 1 1 , una tapa supenor 3 destinada a estar en contacto con el ala superior 12, dos tapas laterales 4 y una tapa posterior 5. Las tapas laterales 4 unen los bordes laterales de las tapas inferior 2 y superior 3. Figure 1 represents the non-permanent exterior fixing of a connection element 1 with a structural profile 10. The connection element 1, shown in isolation in Figure 2, is composed of a lower cover 2 intended to be in contact with the lower wing 1 1, a suspension cover 3 intended to be in contact with the upper wing 12, two side covers 4 and one back cover 5. The side covers 4 join the side edges of the lower 2 and upper 3 covers.
El diseño del elemento de conexión 1 se basa en la disminución progresiva de su rigidez según los ejes longitudinal y transversal del perfil estructural 10, maxímizando la compatibilidad de deformaciones del elemento de conexión 1 y del perfil estructural 10 en las zonas de contacto entre ambos.  The design of the connection element 1 is based on the progressive decrease of its stiffness along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the structural profile 10, maximizing the deformation compatibility of the connection element 1 and the structural profile 10 in the contact areas between them.
La altura y la anchura del elemento de conexión 1 están predefinidas per¬ las dimensiones del perfil estructural 10 a conectar y el juego entre el elemento de conexión 1 y el perfil estructural 10. Los grados de libertad para el diseño según el eje longitudinal del perfil estructural 10 del elemento de conexión 1 resultan la longitud y los espesores longitudinales de las tapas inferior 2 y superior 3, así como la anchura de las tapas laterales 4. The height and width of the connecting element 1 are predefined per ¬ the dimensions of the structural profile 10 to be connected and the clearance between the connecting element 1 and the structural profile 10. The degrees of freedom for the design along the longitudinal axis of the profile Structural 10 of the connecting element 1 results in the length and longitudinal thicknesses of the lower 2 and upper covers 3, as well as the width of the side covers 4.
El par de empotramiento entre el elemento de conexión 1 y el perfil estructural 10 procede de, en primer lugar, el rozamiento del ala inferior 1 1 con la tapa inferior 2 y del ala superior 12 con la tapa superior 3 y, en segundo lugar, de las tensiones de contacto entre, por un lado, el ala inferior 1 1 y la tapa inferior 2, y, por otro lado, el ala superior 12 y la tapa superior 3. La longitud de las tapas inferior 2 y superior 3 se ajusta para que el brazo del par de empotramiento sea suficiente para que la tensión en las tapas inferior 2 y superior 3 no supere la tensión admisible.  The embedding torque between the connecting element 1 and the structural profile 10 comes from, firstly, the friction of the lower wing 1 1 with the lower cover 2 and the upper wing 12 with the upper cover 3 and, secondly, of the contact voltages between, on the one hand, the lower wing 1 1 and the lower cover 2, and, on the other hand, the upper wing 12 and the upper cover 3. The length of the lower 2 and upper 3 covers is adjusted so that the arm of the embedment torque is sufficient so that the tension in the lower 2 and upper 3 covers does not exceed the allowable tension.
En la figura 3 se muestra la compatibilización de deformaciones entre, en primer lugar, el ala inferior 1 1 y la tapa inferior 2, y, en segundo lugar, el ala superior 12 y la tapa superior 3. El espesor longitudinal de la tapa inferior 2 aumenta desde el borde libre de la tapa inferior 2 hacia la arista con la tapa posterior 5, mientras que el espesor longitudinal de la tapa superior 3 aumenta desde el borde libre de la tapa superior 3 hacia la arista con la tapa posterior 5.  Figure 3 shows the compatibility of deformations between, firstly, the lower wing 1 1 and the lower cover 2, and, secondly, the upper wing 12 and the upper cover 3. The longitudinal thickness of the lower cover 2 increases from the free edge of the lower cover 2 towards the edge with the rear cover 5, while the longitudinal thickness of the upper cover 3 increases from the free edge of the upper cover 3 towards the edge with the rear cover 5.
En un segundo modo de realización el ala superior 12 está traccionada. Para compatibilízar las deformaciones del ala superior 12 con las deformaciones de la tapa superior 3 el espesor longitudinal de la tapa superior 3 disminuye, en cambio, desde el borde libre de la tapa superior 3 hacía la arista con la tapa posterior 5 como se muestra en la figura 4. Las tapas laterales 4 contribuyen en la compatibiüzación de deformaciones entre las tapas inferior 2 y superior 3, y las alas inferior 1 1 y superior 12, Preferiblemente la anchura de las tapas laterales 4 aumenta con la distancia a la fibra neutra de! perfil estructural 10 como se observa en las figuras 1 y 2. Esto se traduce en que el borde libre de las tapas laterales 4 tiene forma cóncava. In a second embodiment the upper wing 12 is pulled. To make the deformations of the upper wing 12 compatible with the deformations of the upper cover 3, the longitudinal thickness of the upper cover 3 decreases, however, from the free edge of the upper cover 3 towards the edge with the rear cover 5 as shown in Figure 4 The lateral covers 4 contribute to the compatibility of deformations between the lower covers 2 and upper 3, and the lower wings 1 1 and upper 12, Preferably the width of the lateral covers 4 increases with the distance to the neutral fiber of! structural profile 10 as seen in figures 1 and 2. This results in the free edge of the side covers 4 having a concave shape.
Un reparto más eficiente tanto de los esfuerzos cortantes soportados por el perfil estructural 10 como de las fuerzas debidas a las presiones de contacto entre el perfil estructura! 10 y el elemento de conexión 1 , que se transmiten a través del alma 13 del perfil estructural 10, se logra mediante la reducción del espesor transversal de la tapa inferior 2 y/o del espesor transversal de la tapa superior 3 en torno al eje del alma 13.  A more efficient distribution of both the shear stresses supported by the structural profile 10 and the forces due to the contact pressures between the structure profile! 10 and the connecting element 1, which are transmitted through the core 13 of the structural profile 10, is achieved by reducing the transverse thickness of the lower cover 2 and / or the transverse thickness of the upper cover 3 around the axis of the soul 13.
En el caso particular en que el alma 13 se encuentra centrada respecto a las alas inferior 1 1 y superior 12, el espesor transversal de la tapa inferior 2 es mínimo en torno al centro del borde libre de la tapa inferior 2 y varía hacia las respectivas aristas de la tapa inferior 2 con las tapas laterales 4, y/o el espesor- transversal de la tapa superior 3 es mínimo en torno al centro del borde libre de la tapa superior 3 y varía hacia las respectivas aristas de la tapa superior 3 con las tapas laterales 4. El empleo de una ley lineal de variación del espesor transversal de las tapas inferior 2 y superior 3 es especialmente ventajoso por facilitar la fabricación del elemento de conexión 1 ,  In the particular case in which the core 13 is centered with respect to the lower wings 1 1 and upper 12, the transverse thickness of the lower cover 2 is minimal around the center of the free edge of the lower cover 2 and varies towards the respective edges of the lower cover 2 with the side covers 4, and / or the transverse thickness of the upper cover 3 is minimal around the center of the free edge of the upper cover 3 and varies towards the respective edges of the upper cover 3 with the side covers 4. The use of a linear law of variation of the transverse thickness of the lower 2 and upper 3 covers is especially advantageous in facilitating the manufacture of the connecting element 1,
La figura 4 representa un nudo estructural de un sistema estructural no permanente en el que se emplean una pluralidad de elementos de conexión 1 , así como una pluralidad de perfiles estructurales 10. A cada perfil estructural 10 le corresponde un elemento de conexión 1 diseñado según se ha descrito anteriormente.  Figure 4 represents a structural node of a non-permanent structural system in which a plurality of connection elements 1 are employed, as well as a plurality of structural profiles 10. Each structural profile 10 corresponds to a connection element 1 designed as described above
La unión de la pluralidad de elementos de conexión 1 es rígida para transmitir los esfuerzos entre la pluralidad de perfiles estructurales 10 que conforman el nudo estructural, empleándose diversas soluciones como, por ejemplo, el atornillado o la soldadura. Asimismo, la unión rígida de la pluralidad de elementos de conexión 1 puede realizarse mediante colas de milano o colas con forma de T incorporadas en las caras exteriores de las tapas inferior 2, superior 3 y/o posterior 5 de los elementos de conexión 1 . The union of the plurality of connecting elements 1 is rigid to transmit the forces between the plurality of structural profiles 10 that make up the structural node, using various solutions such as, for example, screwing or welding. Also, the rigid connection of the plurality of connection elements 1 can be carried out by dovetails or tails. T-shaped incorporated into the outer faces of the lower 2, upper 3 and / or rear 5 covers of the connection elements 1.
Las figuras 8 y 7 muestran un elemento de conexión macho Γ, mientras que las figuras 8 y 9 muestran un elemento de conexión hembra 1 ", en ambos casos sin una tapa lateral 4, empleados en la unión rígida mediante colas de milano del nudo estructural de la figura 5. La tapa posterior 5 del elemento de conexión macho Γ presenta dos protuberancias 6 en forma de cola de milano.  Figures 8 and 7 show a male connection element Γ, while Figures 8 and 9 show a female connection element 1 ", in both cases without a side cover 4, used in the rigid joint by means of dovetails of the structural knot of figure 5. The rear cover 5 of the male connection element Γ has two protuberances 6 in the form of a dovetail.
El espesor longitudinal de la tapa inferior 2 del elemento de conexión hembra Γ aumenta desde el borde libre de la tapa inferior 2 hacia la arista con la tapa posterior 5 hasta un punto aproximadamente intermedio en donde el espesor longitudinal de la tapa inferior 2 se mantiene constante. La tapa inferior 2 presenta dos acanaladuras 7 en forma de cola de milano destinadas a estar en contacto con las protuberancias 6 del elemento de conexión macho 1 '. Las acanaladuras 7 se han practicado desde la arista de la tapa inferior 2 hacia el borde libre de la tapa inferior 2, delimitándose las acanaladuras 7 a la zona de espesor longitudinal constante, formando un tope para la transmisión de esfuerzos axiles. La tapa superior 3 presenta igualmente dos acanaladuras 7.  The longitudinal thickness of the lower cover 2 of the female connecting element Γ increases from the free edge of the lower cover 2 towards the edge with the rear cover 5 to an approximately intermediate point where the longitudinal thickness of the lower cover 2 remains constant. . The lower cover 2 has two grooves 7 in the form of a dovetail intended to be in contact with the protuberances 6 of the male connecting element 1 '. The grooves 7 have been made from the edge of the lower cover 2 towards the free edge of the lower cover 2, the grooves 7 being delimited to the zone of constant longitudinal thickness, forming a stop for the transmission of axial forces. The upper cover 3 also has two grooves 7.
Otras variantes en la unión rígida de la pluralidad de elementos de conexión 1 serán evidentes para un experto en la materia tras analizar la descripción o pueden ser adquiridas con la práctica de la invención.  Other variants in the rigid connection of the plurality of connection elements 1 will be apparent to a person skilled in the art after analyzing the description or can be acquired with the practice of the invention.
Especialmente ventajoso resulta el empleo de perfiles estructurales 10 curvos en el sistema estructural no permanente. Por un lado, permiten materializar una contraflecha en las vigas de los pórticos de modo que al aplicar las solicitaciones la flecha total tiene una componente que no computa a efectos del cálculo de la flecha admisible, permitiendo reducir adicionalmente la sección del perfil estructural 10.  Especially advantageous is the use of curved structural profiles in the non-permanent structural system. On the one hand, they allow to materialize a counter-arrow in the beams of the porches so that when applying the solicitations the total arrow has a component that does not compute for the purpose of calculating the admissible arrow, allowing to further reduce the section of the structural profile 10.
Por otro lado, si las columnas de los pórticos son suficientemente rígidas, la utilización de un perfil estructural 10 curvo permite transformar flexión en compresión del perfil estructural 10 con la correspondiente reducción de las deformaciones y del material necesario.  On the other hand, if the columns of the frames are sufficiently rigid, the use of a curved structural profile 10 makes it possible to transform flexion into compression of the structural profile 10 with the corresponding reduction in deformations and the necessary material.
Aunque se han descrito y representado unas realizaciones del invento, es evidente que pueden introducirse en ellas modificaciones comprendidas dentro de su alcance, no debiendo considerarse limitado éste a dichas realizaciones, sino únicamente al contenido de ¡as reivindicaciones siguientes. Although embodiments of the invention have been described and represented, it is evident that modifications within them can be introduced of its scope, it should not be considered limited to said embodiments, but only to the content of the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . Elemento de conexión (1 ), de fijación exterior no permanente de un perfil estructural (10), que comprende una tapa inferior (2) destinada a estar en contacto con un ala inferior (1 1 ) de! perfil estructura! (10), una tapa superior (3) destinada a estar en contacto con un ala superior (12) del perfil estructural (10), dos tapas laterales (4) y una tapa posterior (5), caracterizado porque el espesor- longitudinal de la tapa inferior (2) aumenta desde el borde libre de la tapa inferior (2) hacia la arista con la tapa posterior (5). one . Connecting element (1), for non-permanent external fixing of a structural profile (10), comprising a lower cover (2) intended to be in contact with a lower wing (1 1) of! structure profile! (10), an upper cover (3) intended to be in contact with an upper wing (12) of the structural profile (10), two lateral covers (4) and a rear cover (5), characterized in that the longitudinal thickness of the lower cover (2) increases from the free edge of the lower cover (2) towards the edge with the rear cover (5).
2. Elemento de conexión (1 ), según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el espesor longitudinal de la tapa superior (3) aumenta desde el borde libre de la tapa superior (3) hacia la arista con la tapa posterior (5). 2. Connection element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal thickness of the upper cover (3) increases from the free edge of the upper cover (3) towards the edge with the rear cover (5).
3. Elemento de conexión (1 ), según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el borde libre de las tapas laterales (4) es cóncavo. 3. Connection element (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free edge of the side covers (4) is concave.
4, Elemento de conexión (1 ), según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el espesor transversal de la tapa inferior (2) varía entre las aristas de la tapa inferior (2) con las tapas laterales (4), 4, Connecting element (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse thickness of the lower cover (2) varies between the edges of the lower cover (2) with the side covers (4),
5, Elemento de conexión (1 ), según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el espesor transversal de la tapa superior (3) varía entre las aristas de la tapa superior (3) con las tapas laterales (4). 5, Connecting element (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse thickness of the upper cover (3) varies between the edges of the upper cover (3) with the side covers (4).
6, Elemento de conexión (1 ), según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la tapa posterior (5) comprende al menos una protuberancia (6). 6, Connecting element (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear cover (5) comprises at least one protuberance (6).
7, Elemento de conexión (1 ), según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la tapa inferior (2) comprende al menos una acanaladura (7). 7, Connecting element (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower cover (2) comprises at least one groove (7).
8, Elemento de conexión (1 ), según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la tapa superior (2) comprende al menos una acanaladura (7). 8, Connecting element (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper cover (2) comprises at least one groove (7).
9. Sistema estructural no permanente, caracterizado porque comprende una pluralidad de elementos de conexión (1 ) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, unidos rígidamente entre si, y una pluralidad de perfiles estructurales (10). 9. Non-permanent structural system, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of connecting elements (1) according to any of the preceding claims, rigidly joined together, and a plurality of structural profiles (10).
10. Sistema estructural no permanente, según la reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque al menos un perfil estructural (10) es curvo. 10. Non-permanent structural system according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one structural profile (10) is curved.
PCT/ES2013/070213 2012-03-28 2013-04-01 Connection element and non-permanent structural system WO2013144414A2 (en)

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JP2015502392A JP2015514938A (en) 2012-03-28 2013-04-01 Connecting element and separable structural system
EP13728229.9A EP2860408A2 (en) 2012-03-28 2013-04-01 Connection element and non-permanent structural system
US14/388,881 US20150063901A1 (en) 2012-03-28 2013-04-01 Connection element and non-permanent structural system

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ES201230463A ES2424593B1 (en) 2012-03-28 2012-03-28 Connection element and non-permanent structural system

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ES2424593B1 (en) 2014-10-08
ES2424593A2 (en) 2013-10-04
WO2013144414A3 (en) 2013-11-21
JP2015514938A (en) 2015-05-21
US20150063901A1 (en) 2015-03-05
EP2860408A2 (en) 2015-04-15

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