WO2013141715A1 - Composition agricole ou horticole et procédés s'y rapportant - Google Patents

Composition agricole ou horticole et procédés s'y rapportant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013141715A1
WO2013141715A1 PCT/NZ2013/000038 NZ2013000038W WO2013141715A1 WO 2013141715 A1 WO2013141715 A1 WO 2013141715A1 NZ 2013000038 W NZ2013000038 W NZ 2013000038W WO 2013141715 A1 WO2013141715 A1 WO 2013141715A1
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Prior art keywords
composition
agricultural
pasture
horticultural
amount
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PCT/NZ2013/000038
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English (en)
Inventor
Amaranathan Balasingham (Nathan)
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Balasingham Amaranathan Nathan
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Priority claimed from AU2012901129A external-priority patent/AU2012901129A0/en
Application filed by Balasingham Amaranathan Nathan filed Critical Balasingham Amaranathan Nathan
Publication of WO2013141715A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013141715A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/03—Algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/10—Fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to agricultural arid/or horticultural compositions and/or methods having an intended effect of generally improving the overall productivity of farming operations, the quality of products produced there from and abatement of environmental liabilities. It has particular application to agricultural and horticultural compositions as part of an integrated crop management.
  • plants like animals, have an innate repair, growth and defence system (or immune system) which is controlled by bioactive molecules or secondary compounds known as essential oils or sometimes aromatic oils. It was discovered that plants have membrane-bound receptors that can recognise intercellular messenger molecules (such as hormones, neurotransmitters, growth and developmental factors), and several sensory messages (such as light, odour and taste" molecules). Organisms can thus interact with other organisms, co-habit with other organisms in their environment including soil, respond to pest and pathogens and sustain interactions with symbionts. As each organism's response evokes counter responses, the dynamics of the interaction are complex.
  • intercellular messenger molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, growth and developmental factors
  • sensory messages such as light, odour and taste
  • Organisms have the capacity to produce a broad array of molecules that act as signals and elicit responses in other organisms: many mimic, inhibit or respond to the other organism's molecular signals. The outcome of any animal/plant/pathogen/pest/environment interaction depends on complex
  • elicitors Signal molecules from the pathogen or from the host that are able to trigger defence responses are known as elicitors and vary in their chemical nature and many protein, glycoprotein, and carbohydrate elicitors have been characterized and identified. Lipids are now included as important cellular signals in plant growth, development and stress responses. By sensing the biochemical composition of organic molecules, the innate defence system identifies various chemical signals and activates the defence response.
  • SA phenolic hormone salicylic acid
  • MAMP mitogen associated molecular pattern
  • JA cooperates with ET to up regulate resistance to necrotrophic pathogens that kill plant cells for nutrition.
  • the gene mediated (octadecanoid and phenylpropanoid pathways) system delivers polypropanoids (essential oils and/or aromatic oils) that are capable of supporting integrated crop management responses.
  • the phenylpropanoid pathway gives rise to a wide array of soluble metabolites in plants. These compounds participate in many plant defence responses and absorb potentially-damaging UV-B radiation.
  • the end products of the phenylpropanoid pathway play important roles in plant structure and plant growth and development, as well as in plants defences against biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • the essential oils of these pathways have many functions such as: determining the colours in flowers, fruits, seeds and leaves; determining flavours in fruit and vegetables; determining male fertility in some species; involvement in defence as antimicrobial agents; involvement as feeding deterrents; production of esters for fruit and wine bouquet, and scent for pollination and defence; UV protection; flavonoids play a key role in signalling between plants and microbes.
  • Flavonoids are a group of essential oils that are part of the cascade of the phenlyproponoids and have the following functions: anthocyanins which enhance the fruit colour, reduce cold damage and act a chaperone during morphogenesis; aromatic oils that increase the bouquet in flowers and fruit; flavonoids to improve the flavour; isoflavonoids that strengthen the defence system against pest and disease damage; isoflavonoids, flavones and anthocyanins which help the plant take up nutrients for growth; lignin and suberin that harden the cell so fruit storage life is improved; coumestrol and other oils that help the plant repair damaged cells.
  • the essential oils that are produced in response to immune reaction protect the plant against adverse environmental effects such as high UV radiation.
  • Some of the oils are involved in warding off pest and disease. They play a key role in signalling between plants and their soil environment and microbes to facilitate mineralization and uptake of nutrients.
  • the oils are involved in hardening plants against cold damage and in repair of damaged cells. Some of these compounds are multifunctional, for example anthocyanin, is involved in signalling uptake of nutrients, cold tolerance, and in protecting the plant from UV damage.
  • the essential oils are also broadly referred to as antioxidants and strengthen human and animal immune systems and have proven health benefits.
  • standard methods of pest and disease control include the use of specific agrichemical treatments such as pesticides, insecticides, vermicides, and fungicides which are generally single active ingredient targeted to a specific species or type of pest or disease. While these are effective at- treating a specific problem, there is a growing interest in alternative strategies for pest and disease control, such as less target-specific forms, and more integrated crop management approaches. This has been due to the desire to have less reliance on agrichemicals and the trend towards biological or organic farming operations and the desire for organic products.
  • Examples of more natural and/or preventative strategies for increasing productivity of agricultural and horticultural operations include the use of growth promotants such as auxins, and bioremediatioh treatments such as the use of micro-organisms (for example nitrogen fixing bacteria).
  • growth promotants such as auxins
  • bioremediatioh treatments such as the use of micro-organisms (for example nitrogen fixing bacteria).
  • the most widely used microbial pesticides are strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt. Each strain of this bacterium produces a different mix of proteins, and specifically kills one or a few related species of insect larvae.
  • Biopesticides are also known, which include naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms.
  • compositions for the integrated crop management prevention of plant diseases and parasites and general improvement of plant structures are described by the inventor in WO 2006/054907, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the composition described in this document comprises four major components: an extract made from a quickly growing plant or seaweed; a phospholipid (of plant origin); an organic amine surfactant and an organic acid of a type found in plants. While this composition delivers positive results, there are some problems with the composition. Namely it is phytotoxic under some environmental conditions and modes of application. The inventor believes that this may be due to inadequate acidifying and/or only partial molecular polymerisation which may lead to elicitation of the salicylic acid pathway which can cause phototoxicity. Only partial polymerization of the elicitor molecules may have resulted in inconsistent efficacy as "mitogen associated molecular pattern" mimic elicitors.
  • composition is not very stable and settles out of suspension quickly. It also foams excessively when mixed with water and agitated in a spray tank. It also leaves visible residue on crops. Mixing in water is difficult (poor dispersion) and sometimes results in blockages in the spray nozzles of the spraying equipment. The product adheres to the walls of a spray tank making them difficult to clean after use.
  • the invention resides in an agricultural and/or horticultural composition
  • an agricultural and/or horticultural composition comprising the following components: glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algenic acid, laminarin, at least one tocopherol, at least one phospholipid, at least one organic surfactant, at least one chelating agent, at least one stabilising agent and at least one anti-foaming agent.
  • the glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algehic acid, laminahn, and tocopherol are obtained from one or more plant derived extracts. More preferably the extracts are derived from the tissue of one or more seaweeds or kelps. A preferred species of seaweed for obtaining the extracts is Ascophyllum nodosum.
  • the glutamic acid is preferably present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 0.10 to 0.15% w/w. More preferably the glutamic acid is present in an amount of about 0.13% w/w.
  • the phenylalanine is preferably present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 0.03 to 0.05% w/w. More preferably the phenylalanine is present in an amount of 0.04% w/w.
  • the proline is preferably present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 0.03 to 0.05% w/w. More preferably the proline is present in an amount of about 0.04% w/w.
  • the algenic acid is preferably present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 2 to 4% w/w. More preferably the algenic acid is present in an amount of about 3.5% w/w.
  • the laminarin is preferably present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 10 to 15% w/w. More preferably the laminarin is present in an amount of about 13% w/w.
  • the tocopherol(s) is/are preferably present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 1 to 1.5% w/w. More preferably the tocopherol(s) is/are present in an amount of about 1.3% w/w.
  • the phospholipid is one or more selected from the group comprising phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethonolamine, phosphatidyl inositol and mixtures thereof.
  • the phospholipid(s) is/are present in a total amount in the range of about 3.5 to 7.5% w/w. More preferably the phospholipid(s) is/are present in a total amount of about 6% w/w.
  • the at least one organic surfactant is an unsaturated fatty acid amide selected from the group comprising: bis(2-hydroxyethyl)(coconut oil alkyl)amine; fatty acids, coco, esters with sorbitan, ethoxylated; amide,coco,N-(hydroxyethyl), ethoxylated; fatty acids, C8-18, esters with sorbitol, ethoxylated; fatty acids, tall-oil, sesquiesters with sorbitol ethoxylated; alcohols, C 16- 18 and C18 unsaturated, ethoxylated; coconut diethanolamide.
  • a preferred organic surfactant is coconut diethanolamide.
  • the organic surfactant(s) is/are preferably present in an amount in the range of about 20 to 40% w/w. More preferably the organic surfactant(s) is/are present in an amount of about 30% w/w.
  • the chelating agent is an organic acid selected from the group comprising lactic acid or citric acid.
  • a preferred organic acid is citric acid.
  • the citric acid is present in the compositions of the invention in a total amount in the range of about 12% to 20% w/w. More preferably the citric acid is present in an amount in equal proportion (1 :1 ) to the total weight of dry plant extracts used for obtaining glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algenic acid, tocopherol and laminarin used in the composition.
  • the stabilising agent is magnesium sulphate.
  • the stabilising agent is present in the compositions of the invention in an amount in the range of about 1 - 25% w/w.
  • the anti-foaming agent is selected from the group comprising oil, water or silicone based defoamers. More preferably the anti-foaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane. Preferably the anti-foaming agent is present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 1 - 10% w/w.
  • the composition is in the form of a concentrated aqueous suspension which is designed to be diluted with water prior to use.
  • a dilution rate of 1 litre of composition per 1000 litres of water is preferred.
  • composition is applied by spraying onto the area to be treated.
  • the preferred rate of application is between 0.5 to 1 litres of composition per hectare.
  • applications are repeated, preferably from about 3 days to 3 months apart, depending on the particular use.
  • the composition is used for treating pasture in order to increase the productivity of tourism farming operations, and/or the quality of products produced there from, by increasing pasture productivity and/or palatability, and/or increasing soluble solid content in pasture, and/or increasing weight gain of livestock which have grazed on the treated pasture, and/or increasing milk production of livestock which have grazed on the treated pasture, and/or increasing milk quality (milk solids and/or protein content) of livestock which have grazed on the treated pasture, and/or improving health of livestock which have grazed on the treated pasture.
  • the composition is used for treating pasture in order to reduce the environmental liabilities associated with tourism farming operations, by reducing urea discharge (and thus nitrous oxide emissions) from animals which have grazed on treated pasture, and/or reducing methane emissions from animals which have grazed on treated pasture.
  • the invention broadly resides in an agricultural and/or horticultural composition in the form of an aqueous suspension including the following components:
  • (k) at least one anti-foaming agent in an amount of about 1 - 10% w/w.
  • glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algenic acid, laminarin, and tocopherol are derived from one or more extracts from the tissue of one or more seaweeds or kelps.
  • a preferred species of seaweed for obtaining the extracts is Ascophyllum nodosum.
  • the phospholipid component comprises a mixture of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethonolamine, and phosphatidyl inositol.
  • the organic surfactant is coconut diethanolamide.
  • the chelating agent is citric acid.
  • the stabilising agent is magnesium sulphate.
  • the anti-foaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the invention broadly resides in a method of treating plants, crops and/or pasture by applying a composition as herein described, to the plants, crops and/or pasture.
  • a composition as herein described, to the plants, crops and/or pasture.
  • the composition is diluted with water prior to application.
  • the composition stimulates the immune response systems of plants, by eliciting the production of phenylpropanoid cascades in the plants.
  • the invention broadly resides in a method of increasing the productivity of an agricultural or horticultural operation, by applying a composition as herein described to plants, crops and/or pasture of the agricultural or horticultural operation.
  • the productivity is increased by one or more of the following: a reduction in pest and disease damage to plants, crops, pasture and/or livestock; an improvement in plant, crop, pasture and/or livestock pest and/or disease resistance; an enhancement of plant, crop and/or pasture growth and/or yield; improvement in plant, crop and/or pasture productivity; an improvement in plant and/or crop quality; an improvement in pasture palatability; an improvement in plant, crop, pasture and/or livestock environmental stress tolerance and/or resistance; an improvement in livestock productivity; an improvement in the quantity and/or quality of products produced from the agricultural or horticultural operation.
  • the invention broadly resides in a method of improving the productivity of a search farming operation, by applying a composition as herein described to pasture which is grazed by ruminant livestock.
  • the productivity is improved by one or more of the following: increase in pasture productivity; increase in pasture palatability; increase in soluble solid content in pasture; increase in weight gain of livestock which has grazed on the pasture; increase in mi
  • the invention broadly resides in a method of reducing one or more environmental liabilities associated with a search farming operation, by applying a composition as herein described to pasture which is grazed by ruminant livestock.
  • compositions to the pasture results in a reduction of urea discharge (and thus nitrous oxide emissions) from the ruminant livestock grazing on the pasture.
  • compositions to the pasture results in a reduction of methane emissions from the ruminant livestock grazing on the pasture.
  • the invention broadly resides in a method of reducing the risk factors that predisposes kiwifruit plants to Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (PSA) disease, by applying a composition as herein described to the kiwifruit plants.
  • PSA Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae
  • the invention broadly resides in a method of increasing kiwifruit plants ability to tolerate PSA disease stress and maintain growth and productivity by applying a composition as herein described to the kiwifruit plants.
  • Figure 1 shows a bar chart summary of results of dry matter consumed oyer a 14 month trial on Northland Dairy Farm grazed pasture land, with and without treatment of the composition of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a bar chart summary of results of urea/creatinine produced over a 29
  • the invention broadly relates to an agricultural and/or horticultural composition which acts in an integrated crop management manner to generally increase the overall productivity of an agricultural or horticultural operation, to improve the products produced there from, and to abate ruminant livestock environmental liabilities such as greenhouse gas emissions.
  • the composition generally comprises the following components: glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algenic acid, laminarin, at least one tocopherol, at least one phospholipid, at least one organic surfactant, at least one chelating agent, at least one stabilising agent and at least one anti-foaming agent.
  • the glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algenic acid, tocopherol and laminarin are each obtained from one or more extracts derived from the tissue of one or more fast growing plants.
  • a fast growing plant is defined as one which is capable of growing greater than 0.5 m per day in length. Examples of fast growing plants include seaweeds, kelps and desert or arid plants such as Yucca species.
  • a preferred raw material for obtaining these extracts is the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum.
  • the extracts may be obtained by extraction methods known in the art and the extracts can be in the form of a powder, pulp or a liquid. A dry water soluble powder form is preferred.
  • Each of the extracts may be obtained from the same plant source, or alternatively the extracts may be obtained from different plant sources, including a mixture of plants from both land and sea origins.
  • the glutamic acid is present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 0.10 to 0.15% w/w and preferably the glutamic acid is present in an amount of about 0.13% w/w.
  • the phenylalanine is present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 0.03 to 0.05% w/w and preferably in an amount of 0.04% w/w.
  • the proline is present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 0.03 to 0.05% w/w and preferably in an amount of about 0.04% w/w.
  • the algenic acid is present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 2 to 4% w/w and preferably in an amount of about 3.5% w/w.
  • the laminarin is present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 10 to 15% w/w and in an amount of about 13% w/w.
  • the tocopherol(s) is/are present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 1 to 1.5% w/w and preferably in an amount of about 1.3% w/w.
  • compositions of the invention are allosteric effectors, which increase the production of enzymes and antibiotics by the natural microorganisms which are present on insects, animals, plants and in the environment.
  • inclusion of these components in the compositions of the invention therefore enables the compositions to stimulate the growth and activities of natural microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the environment and plants. For example, they can provide biological control of pest and disease through antibiosis as well as through stimulating growth and strengthening the innate defence system by boosting availability and uptake of nutrients. They also prevent the accumulation of fat, eliminate metabolic waste products of protein metabolism and improve disease resistance.
  • Proline alleviates growth inhibition caused by stress-induced compounds, so the inclusion of proline in the compositions of the invention, enhances plants ability to withstand adverse environmental effects.
  • Phospholipids have many functional effects on and in cell membranes. Decreased cell- membrane fluidization and breakdown of cell-membrane integrity, as well as failure of cell- membrane repair mechanisms, are associated with a number of disease, pest and environmental damages and cell death. Inclusion of phospholipids in the compositions of the invention appears to enhance cell repair and restoration of cell membranes, and to protect the integrity of cells. This can enhance a plants ability to resist pathogenic fungi. They may also help to transport and expedite the transfer of beneficial materials such as elicitors, nutrients and phytoalexins in and out of cells.
  • Phospholipids useable in the compositions of the invention include phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethonolamine, phosphatidyl inositol and mixtures thereof.
  • the phospholipid(s) is/are present in the composition in a total amount in the range of about 3.5 to 7.5% w/w and preferably in a total amount of about 6.0% w/w.
  • Phospholipids are commercially available, an example of which is Lecithin which is of soy bean origin.
  • One or more organic surfactants is/are included in the compositions of the invention in order to assist in absorption of the composition onto crop or pasture leaf surfaces, and to aid cells of the treated plants to absorb nutrients and other beneficial components.
  • the at least one organic surfactant is an unsaturated fatty acid amide selected from the group comprising: bis(2- hydroxyethyl)(coconut oil alkyl)amine; fatty acids, coco, esters with sorbitan, ethoxylated; amide, coco,N-(hydroxyethyl), ethoxylated; fatty acids, C8-18, esters wirh sorbitol, ethoxylated; fatty acids, tall-oil, sesquiesters with sorbitol ethoxylated; alcohols, C16-18 and C18 unsaturated, ethoxylated; coconut diethanolamide.
  • a preferred organic surfactant is coconut diethanolamide.
  • the organic surfactant(s) is/are present in an amount of about 30% w/
  • One or more chelating agent(s) is/are included the compositions of the invention in order to facilitate the conversion of mineral nutrients into chelated form so that cells can readily absorb them.
  • the chelating agent is an organic acid selected from the group comprising lactic acid or citric acid.
  • a preferred organic acid is citric acid.
  • the citric acid is present in the compositions of the invention in a total amount in the range of about 12% to 20% w/w.
  • the citric acid is present in an amount in equal proportion (1 :1 ) to the total weight of dry plant extracts used for obtaining glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algenic acid, tocopherol and laminarin used in the composition.
  • the molecule or polymer binding capacity of the chelating agent such as citric acid
  • the chelating agent such as citric acid
  • Use of a weak chelating agent such as citric acid or lactic acid will not promote formation of large complexes or polymers that settle readily and make the composition unstable.
  • the use of a chelating agent such as citric acid prevents the formation of magnesium bound precipitates resulting from magnesium ions in solution derived from the plant extract components of the composition. It is important to ensure that the chelating agent is used effectively so that no alkaline molecules remain in the compositions of the invention. This ensures that the salicylic acid (SA) pathway is not elicited when the compositions are applied, so phytotoxicity is avoided.
  • SA salicylic acid
  • the plant extracts from which glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algenic acid, tocopherol and laminarin are obtained are mixed with water and reacted with citric acid in a ratio of 1 :1 (total weight of plant extracts : weight of citric acid), so that an acid/alkali reaction occurs.
  • the acidifying of the compounds ensures that the SA pathway is not elicited upon application of the composition to plants.
  • a stabilising agent is included in the composition of the invention in order to stabilise the emulsion formed between the hydrophilic plant extract components and the hydrophobic phospholipid and fatty acid components.
  • a preferred stabilising agent for use in the compositions of the invention is magnesium sulphate (commonly known as Epsom salt).
  • Epsom salt commonly known as Epsom salt.
  • the stabilising agent is present in the compositions of the invention in an amount in the range of about 1 - 25% w/w.
  • the emulsion formed between the plant extract components (hydrophilic), the phospholipid components (hydrophobic) and the fatty acid components (hydrophobic) are stabilized and also suspended more effectively (through improved buoyancy).
  • Magnesiun sulphate forms stable metallic carbohydrate complexes, it increases the tendency of cross- linking.
  • An anti-foaming agent is included in the compositions of the invention in order to prevent excessive foaming of the compositions.
  • the anti-foaming agent is selected from the group comprising oil, water or silicone based defoamers.
  • the anti-foaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane because it is used in food production and is therefore safe.
  • the stabilising agent magnesium sulphate, it acts as a denaturant so that the composition does not stick to surfaces, so it does not leave residue in the spraying equipment or on the treated plants.
  • the anti-foaming agent is present in the composition in an amount in the range of about 1 - 10% w/w.
  • compositions of the invention may also be added to the compositions of the invention in order to tailor the compositions to more specific uses and applications.
  • Any other components added to the compositions are organic in nature and non-toXic, so that the composition remains totally organic and environmentally safe.
  • composition is preferably in the form of a concentrated aqueous suspension which is designed to be diluted with water prior to use.
  • a dilution rate of 1 litre of composition per 1000 litres of water has been found to be effective.
  • compositions of the invention can be prepared by mixing all of the components thoroughly in a mixing vessel.
  • An example of a composition of the invention is set out in detail below
  • Phenylalinirte (from seaweed extract) 0.5
  • Citric Acid ratio of 1 :1 with total dry weight of plant extracts from which glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, algenic acid, tocopherol and laminarin are obtained
  • Each of the seaweed extract components in the above composition was obtained from an extract from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, which was in the form of a dry water soluble powder.
  • the composition was prepared by placing the seaweed extracts into a mixing vessel, mixing them with water, then reacting them with citric acid (in an amount of 1 :1 total dry weight of seaweed extracts : weight of citric acid), to ensure that full molecular polymerization occurred (i.e. no alkaline molecules remained in the mixture).
  • the phospholipids (from lecithin) were then added to the mixing vessel, followed by the coconut diethanolamide, and lastly the magnesium sulphate and polydimethylsiloxane. All of the components were thoroughly mixed to produce the resulting composition.
  • the resulting composition was an aqueous suspension designed to be diluted with water prior to use.
  • compositions of the invention are applied by spraying the liquid compositions onto the plants, pasture or crops to be treated.
  • any known methods of applying liquid agricultural or horticultural compositions to plants, pasture or crops can be used.
  • the compositions of the invention are preferably applied at a rate of about 0.5 to 1 litre per hectare ⁇ with repeated applications, preferably from about 3 days to 3 months apart.
  • the recommended application rates for certain uses are as follows: • For non-deciduous trees and vine crops - use 1 litre per hectare, two pre-blossom applications 3 to 7 days apart, followed by two post-blossom applications 7 days apart.
  • compositions of the invention are capable of providing a range of benefits to agricultural and horticultural operations, by eliciting the innate response systems of plants, animals and microorganisms. Namely, the compositions of the invention elicit and sustain the phenylpropanoid molecular pathway, to effect the production of phenylpropanoid cascades.
  • compositions of the invention work by "tricking" the plant to "think” it is being attacked by pest, disease and environmental changes.
  • the plant reacts by producing phenylpropanoids (essential oils) such as: anthocyanins which enhance fruit colour, prevent physiological damage and reduce cold damage; aromatic oils that increase the bouquet in flowers and fruit; flavonoids to improve the flavour; isoflavonoids that strengthen the defence system against pest and disease damage; isoflavonoids, flavones and anthocyanins which help plants take up nutrients for growth; lignin and suberin that harden the cell so fruit storage life is improved; coumestrol and other oils that help the plant repair damaged cells.
  • essential oils such as: anthocyanins which enhance fruit colour, prevent physiological damage and reduce cold damage; aromatic oils that increase the bouquet in flowers and fruit; flavonoids to improve the flavour; isoflavonoids that strengthen the defence system against pest and disease damage; isoflavonoids, flavones and anthocyanins which help plants take up nutrients for growth;
  • compositions of the invention work by indirectly stimulating the plants natural immune system, they deliver a range of benefits, rather than a single benefit for a single purpose. This range of benefits can add up to substantial increases in productivity, and product quality.
  • compositions of the invention are able to provide the following benefits: reduced pest and disease damage to crops and pasture; reduced physiological problems; accelerated tissue damage repair; improvement in crop and pasture productivity; improvement in crop quality and pasture palatability; improvement in crop and pasture environmental stress tolerance and/or resistance; improvement in stock productivity; improvement in milk productivity; increased protein content in milk; reduction in urea discharge (and thus a reduction in nitrous oxide emission); improvement in soluble solid content in pasture (which in turn reduces methane emissions).
  • application of a composition of the invention to pasture will by eliciting the production of pheriylpropanoids (essential oils), improve and increase the essential oil content in the treated pasture, which will improve productivity and abate greenhouse gas liabilities.
  • the increase in essential oils and soluble solids in the treated pasture presents further livestock productivity and environmental benefits as follows: improved food conversion efficiency and thus abatement of methane related environmental liabilities; synergistic effect of encouraging proliferation of microflora that converts fertilizer to plant available forms that also resists leaching; improved conversion of pasture protein into meat and milk instead of urea which is excreted and pollutes the environment; improved stock health due to strengthened immune systems; opportunity to earn carbon credits under the Kyoto Protocol Implementation of Clean Development Mechanism.
  • Treating pasture with the compositions of the invention can increase pasture productivity and palatability, can improve farm gate returns by about $1000 per hectare, can improve a pastures tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought and frosts, and can abate environmental liabilities such as greenhouse gas emissions.
  • the data below depicts a trial carried but on a Northland dairy Farm.
  • the farmer split each paddock into half and treated one half with a composition of the invention, while the untreated area was used as the control.
  • the dry matter was measured before the cows were allowed to graze the paddock and also after they had grazed the paddock.
  • the table below Shows that the treatment improved pasture productivity.
  • the table also shows that the treated pasture was more palatable and the cows grazed down the pasture more (i.e. consumed more) than the control area.
  • Figure 1 shows the amount of dry matter consumed (the difference between the dry matter readings before grazing and after grazing by the herd). The data was collected for each of the grazing cycles over the course of a year. During the year there were drought conditions in the months from December to April and frosts in July and August
  • a palm tree was treated with the composition of the invention as set out above in Example 1.
  • the treated plant produced significantly larger leaves than last season's untreated leaves. This level of dramatic change cannot be achieved by just nutritional or other cultural manipulation. It is thought that the change was brought about by the composition of the invention inducing the plant to fully express its genetic potential. The compositions of the invention therefore elicit the full expression of the repair, growth and defence genes.
  • Actinomycetes which show up as white "mycelia” growth in decaying plant residues are a major group of beneficial bacteria.
  • the drift and drips from spraying of plants with compositions of the invention enhances the growth and function of beneficial microbes such as actinomycests in the soil.
  • the compositions of the invention have been found to improve the quality and yield in Gerbera production. It was observed that Flower stem lengths were maintained during the low light/colder winter months. Treatment with the compositions of the invention enabled the Gerbera plants to overcome growth and white fly infestation constraints. Production was improved by 14% as shown in the table below.
  • composition of the invention provided increased production potential.
  • a further trial was carried out by a leading wine manufacturer who conducted a duplicated split block trial (each block being over 1.5 hectares in size). Each block was sprayed with a composition of the invention as described in Example 1 above, on the following basis: a first spray was carried out 7 days before the start of flowering; a second spray was carried out 3 days later; a third spray was carried out at the end of flowering (about 14 days later); and a fourth spray was carried out a further 14 days later. The following results are for the combined crop from the duplicates.
  • the above table shows that the composition of the invention increased the yield by 12%.
  • the yield increase is due to larger berries rather than higher bunch or berries load.
  • the composition of the invention appears to increase yield through improved quality production rather than through higher bunch or berry loads.
  • Trials were carried out on an apple orchard. The trials were established on 7 separate blocks of apples. Varieties included Royal Gala, Galaxy, Aurora, and Granny Smith predominantly on M9 and CG 202 rootstock. Trees were approximately 3 to 4 years old on Matangi clay loam planted at 1778 trees per hectare, except for the Granny Smith variety which was planted at 740 trees per hectare. Each block was split in half with one half used as the control and the other the trial area. A composition of the invention as described in Example 1 above was sprayed on each of the trial areas. Four spraying applications were carried out in total at the following intervals: two applications 3 to 7 days apart at petal fall followed by two applications 7 days apart post- blossom.
  • Trees sprayed in trial blocks generally had "healthier” looking leaves with deep green shiny leaf surface and reduced incidence of wind rub type damage or nutrient deficiency symptoms.
  • a block of jazz apple trees showed stress symptoms. The leaves rolled inwards. The foliage appeared "silvery” due to upward rolling on the stressed leaves. After treatment, the treated trees had recovered from the stress and the leaves had opened out again and the foliage appeared greener and healthier. In the control block the trees remained stressed, the foliage still appearing silvery.
  • composition of the invention also suppressed leaf curling midge damage as shown in the tables below.
  • leaf curling midge damage In the treated blocks a significantly lower number of trees were attacked by leaf curling midge, and if the treated trees became infested, the level of infestation was significantly less severe than in untreated trees.
  • the trial also showed that the treated blocks produced larger fruit.
  • the fruit generally had more colour and the intensity of the colour was also greater. This is shown in the table below.
  • Treatment - A composition of the invention as described in Example 1 above was applied in the following manner: two applications pre-blossom, 3 to 7 days apart followed by two applications post-blossom 7 days apart.
  • compositions of the invention are capable of increasing OGR by at least $5,000 per hectare.
  • the table below shows that treatment with the composition of the invention reduced scale infestation on green kiwifruit, and reduced the need for pesticide application.
  • the control block had 2.35 times more total live scale than the treated block.
  • composition of the invention reduces the incidence of core disorder below the threshold level and achieves the highest Zespri fruit quality Y taste band.
  • composition of the invention elicits the vines repair, growth and defence (immune) system to overcome the stress and damages caused by weather conditions.
  • the healthier plants can resist disease and the trial data above proves that the treatments are not a cost bleed but substantially improve OGR.
  • the kiwifruit industry has for the last 25 years been applying very high levels of nutrients. Increasingly, premature leaf fall in orchards is occurring due to fertilizer induced high soil salinity and nutrient/soil interaction problems. From the trial it was observed that blocks treated with the composition of the invention resisted high nutrient level induced premature leaf fall. The control blocks lost their leaves two months earlier than the treated blocks and the canopy opened up and allowed grass to growth beneath the canopy. This shows that the composition of the invention can reduce high soil nutrient stress factors which are known to promote bacterial infection, such as PSA.
  • a trial in a high producing orchard showed that application of the composition of the invention produces over $7000 improvement in orchard gate return compared to the control block which was sprayed with a known foliar nutrient spray, Nutrikelp, which is a NP fortified foliar fertiliser.
  • Nutrikelp which is a NP fortified foliar fertiliser.
  • the higher payment per tray for treated fruit was achieved solely through improvement in the desired fruit size profile.
  • high levels of aluminium, iron, phosphate and potassium in leaves can predispose plants to bacterial disease such as PSA. The use of the composition of the invention therefore mitigates this risk.
  • composition of the invention therefore remediates and lifts OGR of declining orchards which are damaged by girdling. It also mitigates the risk of girdling (wounding) predisposing the vine to Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (PSA) infection.
  • PSA Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae
  • compositions of the invention comprise a unique mixture of components which act synergistically and as part of an integrated crop management to provide a range of benefits to agricultural and horticultural operations, namely to improve their overall productivity as well as the quality of the products produced there from, and abatement of environmental liabilities. This is accomplished by complex organic elicitors and other components in the compositions of the invention which activate plant and animal defence systems against pests, diseases and adverse environmental conditions, and increase the beneficial functions of microorganisms that produce repellents, induce immunity and convert organic matter to cell nutrients. Plant growth is therefore enhanced and stress symptoms are mitigated, leading to higher productivity and higher quality products.
  • the compositions of the invention are stable compositions, which do not foam or adhere to spray equipment thus making them easy to use and equipment easy to clean.
  • compositions do not leave any visible residue after application to pasture or crops.
  • the compositions of the invention do not produce any phytotoxicity symptoms.
  • the compositions of the invention are non-toxic to the environment.
  • the compositions of the invention are completely organic and are therefore suitable for use in organic farming systems.
  • the invention may also be the broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, in any or all combinations of two or more of the parts, elements or features.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une composition comprenant de l'acide glutamique, de la phénylalanine, de la proline, de l'acide alginique, de la laminarine, au moins un tocophérol, au moins un phospholipide, au moins un tensioactif organique, au moins un agent chélateur, au moins un agent stabilisant et au moins un agent antimousse. La composition est appliquée à des plantes sous forme d'une solution par pulvérisation à la dose d'application de 0,5 à 1 litre par hectare et a un effet visant à améliorer d'une façon générale la productivité globale des opérations agricoles, la qualité des produits produits à partir de celles-ci et la réduction du passif environnemental. La composition s'applique en particulier à des compositions agricoles et horticoles faisant partie d'une gestion intégrée des cultures.
PCT/NZ2013/000038 2012-03-21 2013-03-13 Composition agricole ou horticole et procédés s'y rapportant WO2013141715A1 (fr)

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AU2012901129A AU2012901129A0 (en) 2012-03-21 Agricultural or horticultural composition and methods

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WO2015187974A1 (fr) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Ovokaitys Todd Frank Procédés et compositions pour augmenter l'activité biologique de nutriments
CN105218277A (zh) * 2015-10-29 2016-01-06 重庆拓阳科技有限公司 改良土壤的猕猴桃用复合微生物肥以及其制备与应用方法
US10202598B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2019-02-12 Todd Frank Ovokaitys Methods and systems for generation, use, and delivery of activated stem cells
CN109776160A (zh) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-21 丹阳市珥陵镇小潘园茭白专业合作社 一种粮食作物用营养液
US10384985B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-08-20 B.K. Consultants, Inc. Methods and compositions for increasing the yield of, and beneficial chemical composition of, certain plants
WO2021214684A1 (fr) * 2020-04-22 2021-10-28 UPL Corporation Limited Formulation à base de laminarine pour applications agricoles

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10202598B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2019-02-12 Todd Frank Ovokaitys Methods and systems for generation, use, and delivery of activated stem cells
US10907144B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2021-02-02 Todd Frank Ovokaitys Methods and systems for generation, use, and delivery of activated stem cells
US11905510B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2024-02-20 Todd Frank Ovokaitys Methods and systems for activating cells to treat aging
WO2015187974A1 (fr) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Ovokaitys Todd Frank Procédés et compositions pour augmenter l'activité biologique de nutriments
US10040728B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2018-08-07 Todd Frank Ovokaitys Methods and compositions for increasing the bioactivity of nutrients
US10384985B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-08-20 B.K. Consultants, Inc. Methods and compositions for increasing the yield of, and beneficial chemical composition of, certain plants
US10865157B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2020-12-15 B.K. Consultants, Inc. Methods and compositions for increasing the yield of, and beneficial chemical composition of, certain plants
CN105218277A (zh) * 2015-10-29 2016-01-06 重庆拓阳科技有限公司 改良土壤的猕猴桃用复合微生物肥以及其制备与应用方法
CN109776160A (zh) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-21 丹阳市珥陵镇小潘园茭白专业合作社 一种粮食作物用营养液
WO2021214684A1 (fr) * 2020-04-22 2021-10-28 UPL Corporation Limited Formulation à base de laminarine pour applications agricoles

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